DOCSLIB.ORG

Supercomputers in Scientific Research 2 H

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Supercomputers in Scientific Research 2 H l:ffiEW Vo lume 21 Number Three 1988 Oak Ridge National Laboratory is a multiprogram, multipurpose laboratory that conducts research in the physical, chemical, and life sciences; in fusion, fission, and fossil energy; and in energy conservation and other energy-related technologies. I ON THE COVER I Th is computer graphic (produced by Pau l T. Editor Williams of the Carolyn Krause Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Associate Editor Inc., Computing Luci Bell and Tele­ communications Consulting Editor Division) is a Alex Zucker "finite elements" model developed Designer for vibrational analysis of part of Vick ie Conner a scanning tunneling Technical Editing microscope being Lydia Corrill built at ORNL. Color variations Photography, indicate the Graph ic Arts, and degree of surface Pri nti ng and Duplicating change (see page departments 9 for the full story). A special section of this issue is devoted to the applications of supercomputers, particularly the local Cray X-MP, in research and in visuali zing scientific resu Its at ORNL. The Oak Ridge Na riona/ Lahorarory Re1·iew is publ ished quarterly and distribut ed to employees and others associated wi th ORNL. The address of the editorial offi ce is Buildin g 4500-South, M.S. 6 144. Oak Ridge Nati onal Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008. Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6144. Telephone: inte rnal, 4-7183 or 4-6974; commercial, (6 15) 574-7183; or (FfS) 624-7 183. O RNL is operated by Marti n Mari etta Energy Systems. Inc .. for th e Depart ment of Energy un der Contract No. DE-AC05-840R2 1400 lSSN 004R-1262 Features SUPERCOMPUTERS IN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH 2 H. Richard Hicks ACCOMPANYING ARTICLES: Using a Supercomputer for Theoretical C hemistry 10 Supercomputing and Reactor Safety 12 Supercomputers in Materials Science Theory 14 Fusion Calculations on Cray Supercomputers 17 Theoretical Atomic and Nuclear Physics 19 Parallel Computers for Efficient Problem Solving 21 Energy for Development: ORNL Returns to the Third World 24 Tom Wilbanks and Sherry Wright Designer Steels for Advanced Energy Applications 42 Carolyn Krause New DNA Stain Aids Cell Studies so Luci Bell Departments Take a Number 41 Awards and Appointments 54 Books: Chaos, by James Gleick, rev iewed by Woody Gove 58 R&D Updates 62 Alvin Trivelpiece: ORNL's new director Two HHIRF devices operating Tritium pell et injector fo r fu sion demonstrated DOE Superconductivity Pilot Center located at O RNL Technical Highlights 65 Hood Ri ve r Conservation Project an energy- aving success Decline in tree growth li nked to aluminum "freed" from soil by acid rai n Technology Transfer 68 Vall ey-Todeco li censed to make ai rcraft fasteners from OR L all oy Metallamics to man ufac tu re nickel al umi nide products Supercomputers in Scientific • This image is a Research supercomputer simulation of an By H. Richard Hicks astrophysical explosion between two colliding neutron stars. The image upercomputers are powerful machines determining the actua l speed ach ieved. Compiler (originally in color) was created by used to predict the weather, model the optimization refers to the degree to which a § climate, design buildings and veh icles, computer program is translated into machine Donna J. Cox , artist and color and locate oi l reserve . At Oak Ri dge ational instructions that permit efficient execution of the software designer, Laboratory they are u ·ed for sc ientific research in program. and Charles R. areas such as fusion energy, chemistry. physics. Because supercomputers are near the leading Evans Ill, astro­ metallurgical theory. and reactor simulat ion . edge of technology. some prototypes or research physicist. Cox The term supercomputer simply mean one of machines are not widely available to end users. used this in a the most powerful computers avai lab le at any These machine are of great importance but are sem inar at ORNL given time. Thi s working definition avoids any not generally relevant to the typical supercomputer in January 1988 to controversy about ''How fast is fast?" and reflects user. illustrate the use the expectation that more powerful supercomput­ When more "capabi lity" (ability to proce of supercomputers in scientific data ers will evolve. bigger jobs in the same time) is needed, then a visualizati on . Supercomputer al o usually means a machine faster computer may be th e only answe r. When that i not embedded. Embedded computer are more "capacity .. (ability to process more job in those built into device such as car. or rockets the same time) is required, it can be ach ieved and having fairly specific roles. Usually . uper­ either by a faster computer or by simply adding computers are th ough t of as being gene ral­ more computers. As one author put it. the differ­ purpose mach ines. although some have been ence between a faster computer and a host of designed to solve narrow classes of problems. computers working together is like that between a The term .. powerful" refers to the arithmetic or Saturn-Y rocket and a fleet of automobiles. They logical processing speed of the computer. Super­ may have the same total power. but the rocket and computers normally have other re ources. such as the cars are optimized for different purposes. memory size. communication speed. and storage capacity that are commensurate with the process­ Vector Processing ing speed, but these factors are usually not considered to be primary measures of power. In the early 1970s. the computer industry Sometimes the maximum hardware speed. in rea lized th at the speed of electronic sw itch ing in millions of instructions per second (MIPS) or in computers was not increasing as rapidly as it had millions of floating-point operations per econd in the previous decade. It was also recognized that (MFLOPS). is quoted as a measure of power. A floating-point arithmetic ope rations generally took floating point operation is an arithmetic operation a lot longer to complete th an most oth er opera­ between two real numbers. However. the speed of tions. Th is recognition prompted an architectural computation on most modern supercomputers advance called vectorization. bear little re semblance to this maximum number. This is how it works. Suppose that five clock because programming techniques and compi ler periods are used to multiply two numbers together. optimization play an important role in It is possible to des ign a multiplier in the form of a 2 Oak Ridge National Laboratory REVIEW five-segment .. pipeline." The first segment is busy extreme are computers that store all data in a during the first clock period, the second during the common memory that can be accessed by all second clock period. and so forth. This arrange­ processors. Any data to be passed between proc­ ment does not provide any advantage for a single essors must go through this memory. At the other operation. However, consider the case in which a extreme are computers in which each processor sequence of pairs must be multiplied to produce a has a local memory. A communications network sequence of products. If all of the pairs are known is used to move data between processors. In local­ in advance (that is, if none of them depend on any memory multiprocessors (sometimes call ed of the products), then, when the pairs are fed distributed-memory machines), the topology of through the pipelined multiplier, the first product the internal communications network is the key. will appear after five clock periods. After that, one Maximum communication is provided by directly product will appear per clock connecting each processor to every other proces- period because a new operation sor. Each message can then begins each clock period. These go directly to its destination: sequences (of either operands or but, for computers having a an wers) are called vectors. For large number of processors, vectors much longer than five. the number of connections is one approaches the ideal of one very large. The minimum result per cycle-five times the communication is provided by scalar speed. a ring topology, which may The computer require many hops for some drawing of the Parallel messages. (A hop is the Gray X-MP was done by Gail Finch Processing number of time a message must be sent from processor to of the Energy Systems Comput­ In a limited sen ·e. processor to reach ing and Telecom­ vectorization all ows its final destina­ munications several operations to tion.) Another Division . be in progress at once. natural topology is In contrast, the term a two-dimensional parallel processing is rectangular grid . appli ed to computers Perhaps the most that have several fairly elegant, and the best complete processing units. compromise between (See article on parallel computing; minimizing connections on page 21.) When these units are and minimizing hops, is the all owed to process different in struction st reams hypercube topology, which requires the number and different data streams simultaneously. the of processors to be a power of two, 2". The total machine is classified as a multiple-instruction, number of connections between processors in this 1 multiple-data (MIMD) machine. In contrast, the configuration is d x 2"- • and the maximum older. standard. serial processor would be a single­ number of hops a message will take is d. instruction, single-data (SISD) machine. and a By far the largest installed base of supercom­ machine that operates in parallel on arrays of data puters is of those manufactured by Cray usi ng a single stream of instructions would be a Research . Inc. In the early 1970s. Seymour Cray, si ngle-in struction, multiple-data (SIMD) machine. the developer of th e CDC 7600.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Annual Reports of FCCSET Subcommittee Annual Trip Reports To
    Annual Reports of FCCSET Subcommittee Annual trip reports to supercomputer manufacturers trace the changes in technology and in the industry, 1985-1989. FY 1986 Annual Report of the Federal Coordinating Council on Science, Engineering and Technology (FCCSET). by the FCCSET Ocnmittee. n High Performance Computing Summary During the past year, the Committee met on a regular basis to review government and industry supported programs in research, development, and application of new supercomputer technology. The Committee maintains an overview of commercial developments in the U.S. and abroad. It regularly receives briefings from Government agency sponsored R&D efforts and makes such information available, where feasible, to industry and universities. In addition, the committee coordinates agency supercomputer access programs and promotes cooperation with particular emphasis on aiding the establish- ment of new centers and new communications networks. The Committee made its annual visit to supercomputer manufacturers in August and found that substantial progress had been made by Cray Research and ETA Systems toward developing their next generations of machines. The Cray II and expanded Cray XMP series supercomputers are now being marketed commercially; the Committee was briefed on plans for the next generation of Cray machines. ETA Systems is beyond the prototype stage for the ETA-10 and planning to ship one machine this year. A ^-0 A 1^'Tr 2 The supercomputer vendors continue to have difficulty in obtaining high performance IC's from U.S. chip makers, leaving them dependent on Japanese suppliers. In some cases, the Japanese chip suppliers are the same companies, e.g., Fujitsu, that provide the strongest foreign competition in the supercomputer market.
    [Show full text]
  • High Performance Computing for Science
    Index Algorithms: 8, 15, 21, 24 Design, high-performance computers: 21 Applications programs: 8 Digital libraries and archives: 8 ARPANET: 5, 10 Digital libraries, Global Digital Library: 8 Artificial intelligence: 8, 26 Education: 8, 10, 13 Bardon/Curtis Report: 9 EDUCOM, Networking and Telecommunications Bibliographic services: 10 Task Force: 10 Black hole: 5, 6 Electronic Bulletin boards: 4, 6, 10, 11, 12 information technologies: 4, 5, 6 Journals: 6 California Institute of Technology: 29 mail: 6, 10, 12 Central processing units (CPU): 22,24, 30 Executive Office of the President: 11 Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy (COSEPUP): 9 Federal Coordinating Council for Science, Engineering, Computational science: 21, 22 and Technology (FCCSET): 1, 3 Computer Federal Government Alliant: 6 budget and funding: 12, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22 Apple Macintosh: 31 funding, individual research: 12, 19 connection machines: 31 policy: 12, 16, 20, 23, 26 Control Data ETA: 22 procurement regulations: 16 Control Data 6600: 26 research and development (R&D): 3, 4, 5, 8, 11, 15, 16, Cray 1: 31 17, 18, 24,25, 26, 32 Cray X-MP computer: 7, 19 responsibilities, 11, 13, 15 data flow processors: 31 FederaI High Performance Computing and Communications design: 22, 28, 29, 30, 32 Program (HPCC): 2, 18 fuzzy logic: 31 Fifth Generation Project: 2 hypercube: 29, 31 Floating point operations (FLOPS): 31 IBM Stretch: 27 Florida State University (FSU): 7, 18 IBM 3090: 30 Fluid flow: 6 IBM 3090 computer: 6 IBM 360: 27 Gallium Arsenide: 28-29 manufacture: 22
    [Show full text]
  • 1. Types of Computers Contents
    1. Types of Computers Contents 1 Classes of computers 1 1.1 Classes by size ............................................. 1 1.1.1 Microcomputers (personal computers) ............................ 1 1.1.2 Minicomputers (midrange computers) ............................ 1 1.1.3 Mainframe computers ..................................... 1 1.1.4 Supercomputers ........................................ 1 1.2 Classes by function .......................................... 2 1.2.1 Servers ............................................ 2 1.2.2 Workstations ......................................... 2 1.2.3 Information appliances .................................... 2 1.2.4 Embedded computers ..................................... 2 1.3 See also ................................................ 2 1.4 References .............................................. 2 1.5 External links ............................................. 2 2 List of computer size categories 3 2.1 Supercomputers ............................................ 3 2.2 Mainframe computers ........................................ 3 2.3 Minicomputers ............................................ 3 2.4 Microcomputers ........................................... 3 2.5 Mobile computers ........................................... 3 2.6 Others ................................................. 4 2.7 Distinctive marks ........................................... 4 2.8 Categories ............................................... 4 2.9 See also ................................................ 4 2.10 References
    [Show full text]
  • The Cydra 5 Departmental Supercomputer Design Philosophies, Decisions, and Trade-Offs
    The Cydra 5 Departmental Supercomputer Design Philosophies, Decisions, and Trade-offs B. Ramakrishna Rau, David W.L. Yen, Wei Yen, and Ross A. Towle Cydrome, Inc. 1 groups or departments of scien- work done at TRW Array Processors and tists and engineers.’ It costs about the To meet at ESL (a subsidiary of TRW). The poly- same as a high-end superminicomputer cyclic architecture3 developed at ($500,000 to $1 million), but it can achieve price-performance TRW/ESL is a precursor to the directed- about one-third to one-half the perfor- targets for a new dataflow architecture developed at mance of a supercomputer costing $10 to Cydrome starting in 1984. The common $20 million. This results from using high- minisupercomputer, a theme linking both efforts is the desire to speed, air-cooled, emitter-coupled logic team of computer support the powerful and elegant dataflow technology in a product that includes model of computation with as simple a many architectural innovations. scientists conducted hardware platform as possible. The Cydra 5 is a heterogeneous multi- The driving force behind the develop- processor system. The two types of proces- an exhaustive-and ment of the Cydra 5 was the desire for sors are functionally specialized for the enlightening- increased performance over superminis on different components of the work load numerically intensive computations, but found in a departmental setting. The investigation into the with the following constraint: The user Cydra 5 numeric processor, based on the should not have to discard the software, company’s directed-dataflow architec- relative merits of the set of algorithms, the training, or the ture,* provides consistently high perfor- available techniques acquired over the years.
    [Show full text]
  • On Some Recent Evolutions in Personal Supercomputing and Workstation Graphics J
    COMMUNICAIIONS IN APPLIED NUMERICAL METHODS, Vol. 4, 373-378 (1988) ON SOME RECENT EVOLUTIONS IN PERSONAL SUPERCOMPUTING AND WORKSTATION GRAPHICS J. F. HAJJAR,* L. F. MARTHA,? T. F. O’CONNOR$ AND J. F. ABELP Program of Computer Graphics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 U.S.A SUMMARY Recent hardware advances for both enhanced computing and interactive graphics are used to improve the effectiveness of three-dimensional engineering simulations. The two examples presented, drawn from struc- tural engineering, deal with the fully nonlinear transient dynamic analysis of frames and boundary element stress analysis. INTRODUCTION Engineers in both research and industry are currently faced with rapid changes in the hardware environment for computational mechanics. On the one hand there is the rapid development of enhanced computing devices, ranging from attached processors to innovative stand-alone vectorized or parallel computers to giant supercomputers. On the other hand, there continue to be dramatic improvements to engineering workstations which combine a devoted processor with large amounts of local memory and disk storage, with networking capabilities, and with integral high-performance graphics including hardware implementations of display algorithms. These two lines of development are strongly related when it comes to the needs of the engineer engaged in computational simulation. In particular, the combination of local processing, advanced graphics, networking and enhanced computing provides - in principle - the capability to address multidimensional problems of greater size and complexity than has previously been possible. In choosing among the sometimes bewildering number of alternatives which offer improved performance and capability, the computational engineer will be governed by his particular needs and resources.
    [Show full text]
  • The Graphics Supercomputer: a New Class of Computer
    INFORMATION PROCESSING 89, G.X. Ritter (ed.) Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. (North-Holland) O IFIP, 1989 THE GRAPHICS SUPERCOMPUTER: A NEW CLASS OF COMPUTER Gordon BELL and William S. WORLEY Jr. Ardent Computer Company, Sunnyvale, California, U.S.A. Invited Paper In 1988 a new class of computer, the graphics supercom- tion-set, large memory, microprogrammed, cache mem- puter, was introduced by two start-up companies. As a ory, virtual memory operation, multiprocessors for multi- member of both the supercomputer and workstation fami- programmed use, and, finally, vector processing); to the lies, the graphics supercomputer enables both high-per- VAX "minicomputer"; and to the truly interactive "per- formance computation and high-speed, threedimensional, sonal computers" and "workstations." interactive visualization to be performed on a single, inte- grated system. In Ardent's TITAN system, high floating peak computational power as measured in millions or point operation rates are provided by combining the fastest billions of floating point operations per second for scien- RISC microprocessors with traditional supercomputer tific use. This line has been characterized by the Seymour components such as multiple, pipelined vector processors Cray designs which employ the fastest clocks, hardwired and interleaved memory systems. This has resulted in much logic, and extensive parallelism through pipelining and more cost-effective computation and a clear diseconomy of multiple functional units. These systems evolved to vec- scale over supercomputers and minisupercomputers. For tor processing, multiple processors for multiprogram- users ofworkstations that lack the benefits of supercomputer med use, and finally to the parallel processing of a single components, the graphics supercomputer can be used sim- computation.
    [Show full text]
  • Unit 1: Introduction to Computers
    Unit 1: Introduction to Computers Introduction Computer science is a subject of wide spread interest. To provide a general flavour of the subject, this unit presents the introductory concepts of a computer system with its working principle and the basic elements. It provides detail description of different types of computers, based on purpose, types and capacity. Traces of historical development and generations of computers are also explored in this unit. Throughout the unit three different lessons provide a broad overview of computer systems and introduce most of the concepts that are described in details in the later units. Lesson 1: Introduction and Basic Organization 1.1 Learning Objectives On completion of this lesson you will be able to • grasp the introductory concepts of a computer and its working principle • understand the basic elements of a computer system. 1.2 What is a Computer? A computer is an electronic machine that stores, retrieves, and manipulates or processes data. It cannot think or reason; it can only carry A computer is an electronic out instructions given to it. A set of instructions that directs its actions is machine that stores, retr ieves and manipulates, or processes called a program. Different programs are used to solve different data. It cannot think or reason; problems. Ability to accept, store, and execute various sets of it can only carry out instructions (or programs) makes the computer the invaluable, all- instructions given to it. purpose business tool. The first step of solving a problem by a computer is to develop a suitable computer program and then store in its memory.
    [Show full text]
  • Promoting High-Performance Computing and Communications
    CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE CBO PROMOTING HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTING AND COMMUNICATIONS The Congress of the United States Congressional Budget Office For sale by the U.S. Gove~nmentPrinting OFfice Superintendent of Documenls. Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20102-9328 ISBN 0-16-041828-3 NOTE Cover photo shows a detail from a processing node of a parallel supercomputer. (Photo courtesy of Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts.) Preface he High Performance Computing and Communications (HPCC) pro- gram embodies many concerns regarding federal technology policy: the T role of the federal government in promoting new industries, building in- frastructure, supporting joint federal-private efforts, and encouraging the transfer of technology. This report focuses on the first of these concerns--the federal role in promoting new industries. As requested by the Senate Commit- tee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, the report concentrates on the obstacles--mainly on the demand side--that might prevent the high-per- formance computing and data communications industries from growing and using the technology being developed under the HPCC program. In keeping with the Congressional Budget Office's (CBO's) mandate to provide nonparti- san analysis, no recommendations are made. Philip Webre of CBO's Natural Resources and Commerce Division wrote this report under the supervision of Jan Paul Acton and Elliot Schwartz. Serdar Dinc, then with CBO, provided research assistance in early stages of the project. The National Coordinating Office for High Performance Comput- ing and Communications coordinated Executive Branch agency comments on earlier drafts. The author wishes to thank Fiona Branton, Alan Buzacott, Deborah Clay-Mendez, Kenneth Flamm, Stephen Gould, Mark Grabowitz, Peter Gregory, Anthony Hearn, Robert Kelly, Paul Muzio, W.
    [Show full text]
  • Supercomputers: Government Plans and Policies
    Supercomputers: Government Plans and Policies March 1986 NTIS order #PB86-205218 Recommended Citation: U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, Supercomputers: Government Plans & Policies–A Background Paper, OTA-BP-CIT-31 (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, March 1986). Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 86-600508 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402 Foreword Supercomputers: Government Plans and Policies, presents a review of the Fed- eral Government’s large-scale computing programs and examines the network- ing and software programs within selected agencies. Certain management and institutional questions pertinent to the Federal efforts are also raised and discussed. This background paper was requested by the House Committee on Science and Technology. Within the past 2 years, there has been a notable expansion in the Federal supercomputer programs and this increase prompted the committee’s request for a review of issues of resource management, networking, and the role of supercomputers in basic research. OTA gratefully acknowledges the contributions of the many experts, within and outside the government, who served as workshop participants, contractors, and reviewers of this document. As with all OTA reports, however, the content is the responsibility of OTA and does not necessarily constitute the consensus or endorsement of the workshop participants or the Technology Assessment Board. Director .,. Ill OTA Project Staff—Supercomputers: Government Plans and Policies John Andelin, Assistant Director, OTA Science, Information, and Natural Resources Division Frederick W. Weingarten, Communication and Information Technologies Program Manager Project Staff Prudence S. Adler, Study Director Contractor Susan P. Walton, Editor Administrative Staff Elizabeth A.
    [Show full text]
  • Gateway to Diversity in the Scientific and Technological Workforce
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 362 397 SE 053 670 AUTHOR Johnson, Elmima, Ed.; Calbert, Roosevelt, Ed. TITLE GaLeway to Diversity in the Scientific and Technological Workforce. INSTITUTION National Science Foundation, Washington,DC. Directorate for Education and Human Resources. REPORT NO NSF-92-99 PUB DATE Sep 92 NOTE 97p. AVAILABLE FROMDivision of Human Resource Development,Directorate for Education and Human Resources, NationalScience Foundation, Room 1225, Washington, DC 20550. PUB TYPE Reports Descriptive (141) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC04 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTOLo Academic Achievement; Black Colleges; *Black Institutions; Career Awareness; Careers; Demonstration Centers; Demonstration Programs; *Diversity (Institutional); ElementarySecondary Education; Higher Education; Human Resources; *Minority Groups; *Research andDevelopment Centers; Researchers; *Research Projects; *ScienceCareers; Science Education IDENTIFIERS *National Science Foundation ABSTRACT The Division of Human Resource Developmentof the National Science Foundation (NSF) hasthe responsibility for broadening the participation of minoritygroups underrepresented in science, engineering and mathematics. Thispublication highlights a selection of model projects fundedby the NSF to accomplish that mandate. The projects are presented inthree sections concerning:an NSF precollege focus,an undergraduate focus, and faculty development and research initiatives. Within thesesections 32 projects are presented from 5 minority targetedprograms:(1) Comprehensive Regional Centers for Minorities;(2) Alliances
    [Show full text]
  • 19920019656.Pdf
    ) NASA Technical Memorandum 4392 Functional Requirements Document for the Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) Scientific Computing Facilities (SCF) of the NASA/MSFC Earth Science and Applications Division, 1992 Michael E. Botts and Ron J. Phillips The University of Alabama in Huntsville Huntsville, Alabama John V. Parker George C. Marshall Space Flight Center Marshall Space Flight Center, Alabama Patrick D. Wright Universities Space Research Association Huntsville, Alabama National Aeronautics and Space Administration Office of Management Scientific and Technical information Program 1992 Acknowledgements The completion of this study and document would not have been possible without the hard work and persistence of a number of people. Initial thanks should go to Ron Koczor for having the insight to initiate this task and for his assistance and patience during the process. Much praise is reserved for the members of the SCF Working Group who dedicated much time and effort to the numerous, and sometimes demanding, MSFC EOS/SCF Working Group meetings. In particular, the outside efforts of Bill Lide, Karen Butler, Matt Smith, and Mike Goodman are highly appreciated. The time, effort, and cooperation provided to the Working Group by the individual SCF scientists, including Drs. Pete Robertson, Roy Spencer, Hugh Christian, Tim Miller, and Dan Fitzjarrald, were extremely important and greatly appreciated. iii PRECEDING PAGE BLANK NOT F|LM1ED Glossary of Acronyms 2D - Two Dimensional 3D - Three Dimensional 4D - Four Dimensional
    [Show full text]
  • A Decade of Semiconductor Companies—1988 Edition to Keep Clients Informed of These New and Emerging Companies
    1988 y DataQuest Do Not Remove A. Decade of Semiconductor Companies 1988 Edition Components Division TABLE OF CONTENTS Page I. Introduction 1 II. Venture Capital 11 III. Strategic Alliances 15 IV. Product Analysis 56 Emerging Technology Companies 56 Analog ICs 56 ASICs 58 Digital Signal Processing 59 Discrete Semiconductors 60 Gallium Arsenide 60 Memory 62 Microcomponents 64 Optoelectronics 65 Telecommunication ICs 65 Other Products 66 Bubble Memory 67 V. Company Profiles (139) 69 A&D Co., Ltd. 69 Acrian Inc. 71 ACTEL Corporation 74 Acumos, Inc. 77 Adaptec, Inc. 79 Advanced Linear Devices, Inc. 84 Advanced Microelectronic Products, Inc. 87 Advanced Power Technology, Inc. 89 Alliance Semiconductor 92 Altera Corporation 94 ANADIGICS, Inc. 100 Applied Micro Circuits Corporation 103 Asahi Kasei Microsystems Co., Ltd. 108 Aspen Semiconductor Corporation 111 ATMEL Corporation 113 Austek Microsystems Pty. Ltd. 116 Barvon Research, Inc. 119 Bipolar Integrated Technology 122 Brooktree Corporation 126 California Devices, Ihc. 131 California Micro Devices Corporation 135 Calmos Systems, Inc. 140 © 1988 Dataquest Incorporated June TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Pagg Company Profiles (Continued) Calogic Corporation 144 Catalyst Semiconductor, Inc. 146 Celeritek, Inc. ISO Chartered Semiconductor Pte Ltd. 153 Chips and Technologies, Inc. 155 Cirrus Logic, Inc. 162 Conductus Inc. 166 Cree Research Inc. 167 Crystal Semiconductor Corporation 169 Custom Arrays Corporation 174 Custom Silicon Inc. 177 Cypress Semiconductor Corporation 181 Dallas Semiconductor Corporation 188 Dolphin Integration SA 194 Elantec, Inc. 196 Electronic Technology Corporation 200 Epitaxx Inc. 202 European Silicon Structures 205 Exel Microelectronics Inc. 209 G-2 Incorporated 212 GAIN Electronics 215 Gazelle Microcircuits, Inc. 218 Genesis Microchip Inc.
    [Show full text]