Bar Management HM-401 UNIT: 01 BAR AND BAR OPERATIONS Structure 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Objectives 1.3 Bar 1.3.1 History of Bars 1.4 History of Alcoholic Beverages 1.4.1 Neolithic Period 1.4.1.1 The Egyptians 1.4.1.2 The Babylonians 1.4.1.3 The Chinese 1.4.1.4 The Greeks 1.4.1.5 The Hebrews 1.4.1.6 The Persians 1.4.1.7 The Romans 1.4.2 The Middle Age 1.4.2.1 Monastic Influences 1.4.2.2 Viticulture 1.4.2.3 Distillation 1.4.3 Modern Period 1.4.3.1 Sixteenth Century 1.4.3.2 Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century 1.4.3.3 Nineteenth Century 1.4.3.4 Twentieth Century 1.5 Modern Bar Design, Location & Layout 1.6 The Bar Counter 1.6.1 The Front Bar 1.6.2 The Back Bar 1.6.3 The Under Bar 1.6.4 The Bar Floor 1.7 Types Of Bar 1.7.1 Hotel Bar 1.7.2 Live Music Joints 1.7.3 Nostalgia Bar 1.7.4 Plastic Bar 1.7.5 Speciality Bar 1.7.6 Sports Bar 1.7.7 The College Bar 1.7.8 The Cocktail Bar 1.7.9 The High Concept Bar 1.7.10 The Irish Pub 1.7.11 The Neighbourhood Dive 1.7.12 The Pub 1.7.13 The Vertically Challenged Bar 1.8 Ownership Types – Pubs and Bars 1.8.1 Tenancy 1.8.2 Leaseholds 1.8.3 Franchises Uttarakhand Open University 1 Bar Management HM-401 1.8.4 Freeholds 1.8.5 Tied House 1.9 Legal Aspects Affecting Beverage Business in India 1.9.1 Legal Age for Alcohol consumption in Different States 1.9.2 Drunk- Driving Law 1.9.3 Public Drinking 1.9.4 Dry Days 1.9.5 Dry States 1.9.6 Intervention of Supreme Court 1.9.7 Liquor License 1.9.8 Why Is Liquor License Required? 1.9.9 Types of Liquor 1.9.10 Types of Liquor License 1.9.10.1 Grant of L-1 License: For Wholesale Supply of Indian Liquor 1.9.10.2 Grant of L-6 License: For Retail Vendors 1.9.10.3 Grant of L-3/L-5 Licences: For Hotels 1.9.10.4 Grant of L-19 License: For Clubs 1.9.10.5 Grant of L-49a License: Marriages, Parties Etc 1.10 Role of Bartender 1.11 Duties and Responsibilities Of Bartender 1.12 Summary 1.13 Glossary 1.14 Reference / Bibliography 1.15 Suggested Readings 1.16 Terminal Questions 1.1 INTRODUCTION In the field of food and beverage operation, service of alcoholic and non alcoholic beverages plays an important role. Generally, it is perceived that there are many places which are involved in the sale or consumption of alcoholic beverages like serving to the guests for their consumption inside the premises, or like occasions which do not include any commercial trade or shops like liquor stores which permits the consumers to take away the liquour for consumption at some other place. From the above, it is suggested that the places offering beverages for in-premises consumption are more frequented by consumers and are more or less associated with the hospitality industry being their primary, secondary or tertiary business activity. It is a fact that the hospitality industry all across the world considers bars as an integral part of the complete guest experience. 1.2 OBJECTIVES After reading this chapter learner will be able to: Understand about the history of bar and alcoholic beverages. Have knowledge about modern bar design, layouts and location. Classify various types of bars. Identify the legal aspects affecting beverage businesses. Understand the roles and responsibilities of a Bartender. 1.3 BAR The Cambridge dictionary defines bar as ―a place where drinks, especially alcoholic drinks, are sold and drunk, or the area in such a place where the person serving the Uttarakhand Open University 2 Bar Management HM-401 drinks stands‖. Collins put it other way and defines bar as ―A bar is a room in a pub or hotel where alcoholic drinks are served‖. Oxford defines bar as ―An establishment where alcohol and sometimes other refreshments are served‖. So if we see, it is to be observed that bars are generally the places which are primarily involved in sale of alcoholic beverages apart from some other associated activities or viz-a-viz. Hence, bar can officially be defined as ―a licensed retail business establishment that serves alcoholic beverages, such as beer, wine, liquor, cocktails, and other non alcoholic beverages along with snacks or full restaurant menu for consumption on premises‖. 1.3.1 History of Bars Throughout history, there have been many names for establishments where people gather to drink alcoholic beverages. Bars or pubs, bierkellers, brewpubs, which were formally known as public houses or alehouses, are drinking establishments all of which have always been central to the national culture of a great number of countries around the world. In many areas globally and particularly in rural locations, the bar has always been the focal point and communications hub of the community. The evolution of the bar is closely linked with the evolution of alcoholic drinks and the introduction of hospitality. The consumption of alcohol lowers inhibitions, can facilitate relaxation and increase the enjoyment of dining, and has contributed towards a more sociable and convivial atmosphere between locals, invited guests and travellers for many centuries around the world. 1.4 HISTORY OF ALOHOLIC BEVERAGES Alcohol has provided a variety of functions for people throughout all history. From the earliest times to the present, alcohol has played an important role in religion and worship. Historically, alcoholic beverages have served as sources of needed nutrients. They have been widely used for their medicinal, antiseptic, and analgesic properties. The role of such beverages as thirst quenchers is obvious. They also play an important role in enhancing the enjoyment of life. 1.4.1 Neolithic Period No one knows when beverage alcohol was first made. However, it was presumably the result of a fortuitous accident that occurred at least tens of thousands of years ago. Late Stone Age beer jugs prove that beer was made at least as early as the Neolithic period. Anthropologists have suggested that beer may have preceded bread as a staple. 1.4.1.1 The Egyptians Brewing dates from the beginning of civilization in ancient Egypt and alcoholic beverages were very important in that country. Although many gods were local or familial, Osiris, the god of wine, was worshiped throughout the entire country. The Egyptians believed that this important god also invented beer. The beverage was considered a necessity of life and brewed daily in the home. The ancient Egyptians made at least seventeen varieties of beer and at least 24 varieties of wine. Alcoholic beverages were used for pleasure, nutrition, medicine, ritual, remuneration and funerary purposes. The latter involved storing the beverages in tombs of the dead for their use in the after-life. Uttarakhand Open University 3 Bar Management HM-401 1.4.1.2 The Babylonians Beer was the major beverage among the Babylonians. In addition, as early as 2,700 B.C., they worshiped a wine goddess and other wine deities. Babylonians regularly used both beer and wine as offerings to their gods. Around 1,750 B.C., the famous Code of Hammurabi devoted attention to alcohol. However, there were no penalties for drunkenness. In fact, it was not even mentioned. The concern was fair commerce in alcohol. 1.4.1.3 The Chinese Variety of alcoholic beverages have been used in China since prehistoric times. Alcohol was considered a spiritual (mental) food rather than a material (physical) food. Many documents show the important role it played in their religious life. In ancient times people always drank when holding a memorial ceremony, offering sacrifices to gods or their ancestors, pledging resolution before going into battle, celebrating victory, before feuding and official executions, for taking an oath of allegiance, while attending the ceremonies of birth, marriage, reunions, departures, death, and festival banquets. A Chinese imperial edict of about 1,116 B.C. asserted that drinking alcohol in moderation was prescribed by heaven. Whether or not it was prescribed by heaven, it was clearly beneficial to the treasury. Alcohol was one of the treasury‘s biggest sources of income. 1.4.1.4 The Greeks The art of wine making reached the Hellenic peninsula by about 2,000 B.C. But the first alcoholic beverage to obtain widespread popularity in what is now Greece was mead. It‘s a fermented beverage made from honey and water. However, by 1,700 B.C., wine making was commonplace. During the next thousand years wine drinking assumed the same function so commonly found around the world. It was incorporated into religious rituals, became important in hospitality, was used medicinally, and became a part of daily meals. As a beverage, it was drunk in many ways. It could be warm or chilled, pure or mixed with water, plain or spiced. 1.4.1.5 The Hebrews The Hebrews were reportedly introduced to wine during their captivity in Egypt. Moses led them to Canaan (Palestine) around 1,200 B.C. At that time they expressed regret leaving behind the wines of Egypt. However, they found vineyards to be plentiful in their new land. In 586 B.C., the Hebrews were conquered Uttarakhand Open University 4 Bar Management HM-401 by the Babylonians and deported to Babylon.