The Absinthe Challenge
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History, Absinthism, and Anti-Absinthe Movements in the United States 1840-2007 Jesse Plichta-Kellar HIST 461 Senior Seminar: Longwood University
Absent From The Bar: Absinthe’s History, Absinthism, and Anti-Absinthe Movements in the United States 1840-2007 Jesse Plichta-Kellar HIST 461 Senior Seminar: Longwood University WHAT IS ABSINTHE? Herbal alcohol goes back to ancient Egypt, but absinthe as we know SCOPE: it was invented around 1790 in Switzerland. The two essential ANTI-ABSINTHE MOVEMENT ingredients are high-proof alcohol and wormwood (which makes it green), although other herbs are frequently included as well. This paper seeks to explore the history of The anti-absinthe movement was connected to but not synonymous with the temperance (prohibition) movement as a whole in the ABSINTHE’S BEGINNINGS IN THE UNITED STATES absinthe in the United States, as well as anti- nineteenth century. The anti-absinthe movement began in the 1860s and correlated with the continued drop in absinthe prices Absinthe came over to the United States around the turn of the absinthe movements and the invented illness and the increased use and abuse of absinthe among the nineteenth century. At that time it was new and expensive, which of absinthism. The primary focus of the project working class. The anti-absinthe movement was global made it interesting for the upper class and for creative elites. and also particularly large in France and Switzerland. Absinthe was originally nicknamed the “Green Fairy” because of its is from the beginnings of absinthe’s popularity The social movement was also aligned with religious green hue. Allegations of hallucinations came later, revivalism and women’s rights. although there is not enough thujone (the active in the United States (in the 1840s) to its Absinthe was banned in the United States in 1912. -
New Bar Menu 2.0
7134 Main Street | Clifton, Virginia (703) 266-1623 T R U M M E R ’S trummersonmain.com Cocktail Menu EATS Sweets Milk Chocolate Mousse $12 banana, hazelnuts, mint “Carrot Cake” $11 cream cheese, pineapple, walnut Baked Triple Cream Belletoile Brie $15 Textures of Oranges $12 pu pastry, raspberries, almonds, sage sorbet, olive oil cake, sweetened ricotta, fennel Chocolate & Rum Tasting $25 3 artisanal chocolates & 3 rums to pair Tasting of Sorbets $10 3 scoops of house-made sorbet Red Wine Poached Pear $11 (please inquire with your server about fall spices, smoked custard, oats, maple, our sorbet’s as the selections change daily) NEW YORK CITY MEETS HISTORIC CHARM Trummer’s on Main combines a New York City experience with the charm of historic Clifton by stimulating your senses with seasonal and regionally sourced food, always-in- triguing unique cocktails and true European hospitality. Thursday is Burger Night. Come and expirience Chef Jon’s Noted Mixologist and co-owner Stefan Main boasts special Butcher Burger, only available Trummer leads the innovative craft the largest wine cellar in the on Thursdays, for only $7 Limited availability cocktail program, featuring a variety of Mid-Atlantic region, with the ability to large-format cocktails perfect for groups, hold more than 8,000 bottles. playful bottled libations and avorful Trummer’s glass-enclosed wine tasting garden-inspired mocktails. Trummer’s On room is complete with communal EATS Bar Food Indigo Blue Popcorn $8 Hand Cut True Fries & Parmesan $8 Chips & Vidalia Onion Dip $5 Crispy -
Minimum Legal Drinking Age Saves Lives
Minimum Legal Drinking Age Saves Lives The Policy After Prohibition, nearly every state designated 21 as the minimum legal drinking age (MLDA). In the 1970s, 29 states lowered their drinking age to 18, 19 or 20, which led to increases in alcohol sales and consumption, as well as alcohol- related traffic injuries and fatalities, among youth.1 By 1983, 16 states raised their MLDA back to 21 to address the increased drinking and driving traffic fatalities among youth. In 1984, the federal government enacted the Uniform Drinking Age Act, which reduced federal transportation funds for those states that did not raise their MLDA to 21. By 1988, all states had set the minimum legal drinking age at 21.2 The goal of the MLDA is to curb youth drinking and reduce its related problems, especially traffic injuries and deaths.3 l Alcohol is the number one drug of choice among America’s youth.4, 5, 6 Every day in the U.S., 7,000 youth under age 16 have their first drink of alcohol.7 l More than 4,300 youth under age 21 in the U.S. die each year as a result of alcohol-related injuries, shortening their lives by an average of 60 years; 38% of those deaths involve car accidents, 32% result from homicides, and about 6% (300 deaths) are suicides.5 l The highest prevalence of alcohol dependence among U.S. drinkers is people 18-20 years old.4 l Nearly 2,500 young people 12-14 years old initiated alcohol use each day in 2010.5 l A stunning 25.9% of underage drinkers meet the clinical criteria for alcohol abuse or dependence, compared to 9.6% of adult drinkers.8 l Countries with lower MLDA have binge drinking9 rates for youth 15-16 years more than double the U.S. -
Biochemical Perspective of Alcohol Prohibition in Islam and Implications on Legal Alcohol Content of Drinks in Islamic Countries
BIOCHEMICAL PERSPECTIVE OF ALCOHOL PROHIBITION IN ISLAM AND IMPLICATIONS ON LEGAL ALCOHOL CONTENT OF DRINKS IN ISLAMIC COUNTRIES Ahmad Houri Ali Safadi Natural Science Department, Lebanese American University. Chouran, Beirut 1102 2801. Lebanon. Email: [email protected] Abstract: An analysis of the concepts of intoxication in blood and the required amount of alcohol to reach that level was analyzed from physiological and religious perspectives. Exact value of potentially allowed alcohol concentration was determined. The results indicate a BAC of 0.05% (w/v) as a set level for intoxication. The determined pure alcohol amount required to reach this level was 27 g (for a 70 kg female) at least. Accordingly, the determined allowed alcohol concentration is 0.45% (w/v) for what would be considered non- intoxicating. This was compared to published results regarding the reported alcohol content of various foods and drinks. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to allow for variation in the considered BAC and the corresponding alcohol concentration in drinks. An analysis of alcohol content in various cooked foods showed an interesting spread in the alcohol content. A review of set legal limits in some Islamic countries is recommended. Keywords: Intoxication, BAC, alcohol concentration, drink, food, sensitivity analysis. Abbreviations: ADH : Alcohol dehydrogenase ALDH : Aldehyde dehydrogenase BAC : Blood alcohol concentration g : Gram L : Liter mg : Milligram w/v : Weight to volume ratio w/w : Weight to weight ratio SI : International System of Units Ar-Raniry: International Journal of Islamic Studies Vol. 3, No. 2, December 2016 | 249 (www.journalarraniry.com) Ahmad Haouri: Ali Safadi: Biochemical Perspective of Alcohol A. -
Liquor Menu 3.19
PATIO HARD LEMONADE 10 WHITE LIGHTNING 5 tito’s vodka, muddled mint, Cocktails homemade seasonal infused paula’s texas lemon, lemonade GOOD HEARTED OLD FASHIONED 12 moonshine buffalo trace, orange, MANHATTAN 13 drunken cherry, angostura SAZERAC 14 sagamore spirit rye, knob creek rye, peychaud’s, cocchi di torino, angostura SILVERMOON MARGARITA 8 sugar, absinthe rinse silver tequila, paula’s texas orange SOUTHERN BELLE 12 THE WATERLOO 9 wheatley vodka, BLIND MULE 9 waterloo gin, cucumbers, st. germain, raspberry moonshine, lime juice, ginger beer grapefruit juice <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< TEXAS BREWS <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< KARBACH LOVE STREET 5.5 AUSTIN EASTCIDERS PINEAPPLE 5.5 REAL ALE FIREMANS #4 BLONDE ALE 5 AUSTIN BEERWORKS FIRE EAGLE IPA 5.5 CIRCLE ENVY AMBER 5 SHINER BOCK 5 AUSTIN BEERWORKS PEARL SNAP PILSNER 5 CIRCLE BLUR TEXAS HEFE 5 LONE STAR 3.5 CONVICT HILL OATMEAL STOUT 6 CELIS WHITE 5.5 SEASONAL BREW MARKET PRICE FRESH COAST IPA 6 TEXAS Tequila MOONSHINE ★ VODKA & GIN PEPE ZEVADA Z TEQUILA REPOSADO 8 Dealer’s Choice Moonshine Flight 18 ★ ZEVADA FAMILY “GRAN RESERVA” 12 ★ TITO’S HANDMADE VODKA 7 ★ DULCE VIDA BLANCO 9 AMERICAN BORN ORIGINAL (TN) 8 ★ DEEP EDDY SWEET TEA, ★ DULCE VIDA AÑEJO 9 AMERICAN BORN APPLE PIE (TN) 8 RUBY RED OR LEMON VODKA 7 DON JULIO AÑEJO 9 STILL AUSTIN “DAYDREAMER” (TX) 8 ★ DRIPPING SPRINGS VODKA 8 TANTEO JALAPEÑO 8 CATDADDY SPICED (NC) 7 ★ DRIPPING SPRINGS GIN 8 MILAGRO SILVER 8 MIDNIGHT MOON STRAWBERRY (NC) 7 ★ WATERLOO GIN 8 MILAGRO REPOSADO 8 MIDNIGHT MOON PEACH (NC) 7 ★ ZEPHYR GIN 8 PATRON SILVER -
Modernization of the Labeling and Advertising
18704 Federal Register / Vol. 85, No. 64 / Thursday, April 2, 2020 / Rules and Regulations DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY Table of Contents consolidating TTB’s alcohol beverage I. Background advertising regulations in a new part, 27 Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade CFR part 14. A. TTB’s Statutory Authority • Bureau B. Notice of Proposed Rulemaking on Incorporate into the regulations Modernization of the Labeling and TTB guidance documents and current 27 CFR Parts 4, 5, 7, and 19 Advertising Regulations for Alcohol TTB policy, as well as changes in Beverages labeling standards that have come about [Docket No. TTB–2018–0007; T.D. TTB–158; C. Scope of This Final Rule through statutory changes and Ref: Notice Nos. 176 and 176A] II. Discussion of Specific Comments Received international agreements. and TTB Responses • Provide notice and the opportunity RIN 1513–AB54 A. Issues Affecting Multiple Commodities B. Wine Issues to comment on potential new labeling Modernization of the Labeling and C. Distilled Spirits Issues policies and standards, and on certain Advertising Regulations for Wine, D. Malt Beverage Issues internal policies that had developed Distilled Spirits, and Malt Beverages III. Regulatory Analyses and Notices through the day-to-day practical A. Regulatory Flexibility Act application of the regulations to the AGENCY: Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and B. Executive Order 12866 approximately 200,000 label Trade Bureau, Treasury. C. Paperwork Reduction Act applications that TTB receives each IV. Drafting Information ACTION: Final rule; Treasury decision. year. I. Background The comment period for Notice No. SUMMARY: The Alcohol and Tobacco Tax 176 originally closed on March 26, and Trade Bureau (TTB) is amending A. -
Foundations of the Temperance Movement and the Road to Prohibition
Foundations of the Temperance Movement and the Road to Prohibition The roots of America’s Temperance Movement can be traced back to the early 19th century. By the 1820s the average American consumed the equivalent of 7 gallons of pure alcohol per year. Exactly how much is 7 gallons of pure alcohol? Let’s assume that only beer is being consumed, and that this beer has an alcohol content of 5%. The average drinker would have to consume 140 gallons of beer each year to reach this amount. That’s nearly 2.7 gallons a week! These numbers continued to rise throughout the 19th century – by 1890, the amount of alcohol consumed in America had increased a further 23 times. Why did Americans consume such a high quantity of alcohol, and why did numbers keep rising? One of the reasons was insufficient access to clean drinking water. Beer is brewed at high temperatures, which pasteurizes the drink and removes contaminants. Liquors (such as rum and whisky) are distilled and very strong, which also means that microbes cannot survive. Alcoholic beverages were known to be much safer to drink because they didn’t contain microbes and bacteria. The fact that so many Americans viewed alcoholic drinks as safe alternatives to all-to-often dodgy water supplies was compounded by the high number of saloons that were established throughout the country. These saloons, which were often operated by first generation Americans and financed by large breweries, sold their drinks at very low prices. Alcoholic beverages were said to be safer than water and cheaper than tea! Many Americans also took to brewing and fermenting their own alcohol; hard cider was especially popular. -
Listening to the RUMRUNNERS: Radio Intelligence During Prohibition This Publication Is a Product of the National Security Agency History Program
Listening to the RUMRUNNERS: Radio Intelligence during Prohibition This publication is a product of the National Security Agency history program. It presents a historical perspective for informational and educational purposes, is the result of independent research, and does not necessarily reflect a position of NSA/CSS or any other U.S. government entity. This publication is distributed free by the National Security Agency. If you would like additional copies, please email your request to [email protected] or write to: Center for Cryptologic History National Security Agency 9800 Savage Road, Suite 6886 Fort George G. Meade, MD 20755-6886 David Mowry served as a historian, researching and writing histories in the Cryptologic History Series. He began his Agency career as a linguist in 1957 and later (1964-1969) held positions as a linguist and cryptanalyst. From 1969 through 1981 he served in various technical and managerial positions. In the latter part of his career, he was a historian in the Center for Cryptologic History. Mr. Mowry held a BA with regional group major in Germany and Central Europe from the University of California at Berkeley. He passed away in 2005. Cover: The U.S. Coast Guard 75-ft. patrol boat CG-262 towing into San Francisco Harbor her prizes, the tug ELCISCO and barge Redwood City, seized for violation of U.S. Customs laws, in 1927. From Rum War: The U.S. Coast Guard and Prohibition. Listening to the Rumrunners: Radio Intelligence during Prohibition David P. Mowry Center for Cryptologic History Second edition 2014 A motorboat makes contact with the liquor-smuggling British schooner Katherine off the New Jersey coast, 1923. -
EDITORIAL Alcohol Advertisement Prohibition: Making It Work in Ethiopia
EDITORIAL Alcohol advertisement prohibition: making it work in Ethiopia Eshetu Girma Alcohol consumption is associated with a long-term investment and cultivation on the part communicable and non-communicable diseases. of the alcohol industry. In addition, the industry The World Health Organization estimates that may use misleading messages (4) to promote its there are 3 million deaths globally every year in products, which is unethical. connection with alcohol consumption, and 13.5% of deaths among the 20-39 years age group are To prevent the promotion of alcohol, especially its related to harmful alcohol use (1). In addition, harmful use among the younger generation, the alcohol use poses a major economic burden and Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia House decreases the quality of life of consumers and of People’s Representatives has ratified the Food society at large (2). A systematic review of the and Medicine Administration Proclamation economic impact of alcohol consumption from 12 (Proclamation No. 1112/2019), which restricts high-income countries shows that alcohol is smoking in public places and bans all alcohol estimated to cost between 0.45-5.44% of Gross advertisements on broadcast media (7). Domestic Product (GDP) in direct and indirect Ratification of the bill is an important milestone to costs, which is a substantial amount (3). Despite for the public health professionals to celebrate. the costly effects of alcohol consumption, alcohol While this should not be considered an end in advertisements are commonly seen in the media itself, evidence shows that bans on alcohol worldwide, including in Ethiopia. advertising have an effect on drinking behavior, especially among the younger generation (8). -
Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Uniform Drinking Age Act Alea Bier
Does the Drinking Age of 21 Really Benefit Society? Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Uniform Drinking Age Act Alea Bier Abstract: This paper evaluates the federal Uniform Drinking Age Act of 1984, which required that all states raise their drinking age to 21 or subsequently lose 10% of their federal highway funds. The law was implemented in response to a rise in grassroots movements, like Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD), aimed at reducing alcohol-related traffic deaths. This paper will show that the law has been effective in reducing consumption of those 18-20 years old as well as reducing traffic deaths, particularly those in alcohol-related accidents. Despite many studies supporting this find, recent pressure has come from the Amethyst Initiative, which is a petition signed by college presidents that calls for a re-examination of the drinking age. Upon further analysis, it was clear why this initiative has gained so much support; raising the drinking age to 21 has had virtually no effect on college drinking patterns. However, there are alternative and additional policies that may be implemented that could ebb the tide of collegiate drinking. Table of Contents Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3 History of the Policy ………………………………………………………………………………………. 5 The American Alcohol Culture ……………………………………………………………………………... 5 The Uniform Drinking Age Act ……………………………………………………………………………… 9 The Amethyst Initiative ……………………………………………………………………………………..... 12 Evaluation …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 14 General Population -
American Spirits: Essay
THE RISE and FALL OF PROHIBITION OVERVIEW Beginning in 1920, the 18th Amendment prohibited the manufacture, sale, and transport of alcohol, but the idea of temperance in drinking began more than a century earlier. Eventually, religious groups, politicians, and social organizations advocated for total abolition of alcohol, leading to Prohibition. The 18th Amendment caused a surge in organized crime and was eventually repealed in 1933. Why did some groups want a Prohibition amendment passed? How did Prohibition fit into the progressive movement? What were its effects, and why was it eventually repealed? related activities PROHIBITION PROHIBITION ERA SMART BOARD WHO SAID IT? PICTIONARY DINNER PARTY ACTIVITY QUOTE SORTING Use your skills to get Learn about the roles Learn about Learn about the classmates to identify of historical figures Prohibition through differences between and define which during the Prohibition informational slides the Founders’ and Prohibition Era term Era by taking on their and activities using the Progressives’ beliefs you draw. identities for a dinner SMART platform. about government by party. sorting quotes from each group. Made possible in part Developed in by a major grant from partnership with TEACHER NOTES LEARNING GOALS Students will: PLEASE NOTE This resource contains background • Distinguish between temperance and essays at three levels: Prohibition. 10-12th grade (1100 words) • Understand the process for amending th the Constitution. 8-9 grade (800 words) 6-7th grade (500 words) • Compare and contrast the Founders’ views on government with those of Progressives. EXTENSION • Understand historical events leading up to and following the passage of the The 18th Amendment banned the Eighteenth and 21st Amendments. -
Timeline of Prohibition in Iowa
2017 Timeline of Prohibition in Iowa A new law renames Iowa 1986 2010 micro-distilleries as Iowa’s legal drinking The Iowa Wine Growers “native distilleries” and age is raised to 21. The Association is established. expands their privileges 1982 Iowa Beer and Liquor to match those extended 1933 1973 1987 to breweries and wineries. 1882 Iowa’s first Mothers Control Department A new permit for micro- Iowa’s residents Iowa’s legal drinking Against Drunk Driving is renamed the Iowa 207 state retail 1997 distilleries allows them to 2015 The IABD and Iowa 1847 1896 vote to pass the 21st age drops to 18. (MADD) chapter is Alcoholic Beverages liquor stores close sell their products for off- Department of Public Iowa Republicans Summerset Convenience stores Billy Sunday of amendment, which Businesses are allowed established in Linn Division (IABD). as 256 licensed site consumption. A new 2012 Safety reviews licensing A few months after pass tough prohibition Winery opens in and other retailers Nevada, Iowa, 1915 1920 repeals the 18th to sell alcoholic County. Iowa passes a Wholesale wine sales private liquor outlets beer permit allows holders Retailers are and other processes statehood, Iowa passes laws. Groups who Warren County. holding a class “C” begins his ministry Iowa’s local The Volstead amendment. Iowan Ida 1972 beverages on Sundays stiffer drunk driving are placed entirely are established in to manufacture and sell granted the ability to balance legal and its first law restricting support prohibition It is the state’s beer permit are 1855 and becomes a option is repealed Act (national B.