W ALASKA BAFFIN (United States) NAWA PA M a Victoria BAY Greenland c BEAR Baffinland Anchorage k (Denmark) e n

z

i e 40 ALASKAN ° UNDERWATER W

AQUADUCT CENA

WP Southampton

PL HUDSON A N M BAY WS TAPPING N A

A G W CHURCHILL W N TAPPING TAPPING AC U C A M EN P CHURCHILL-NELSON FALLS A LAKE LAFORGE AW TAPPING P TAPPING ATHABASCA EOL KEMANO

NAWA PA Newfoundland C hurchill Edmonton BAIE JAMES t n PACIFIC TAPPING e LAKE r u a LAKE TAPPING OCEAN i Va ncou ver a HOPE BAY b WINNIPEG L SAINT-JOSEPH OGOKI - t DEVELOPMENT m N u AW n l AP Winnipeg i Seattle o A TAPPING a C S

PL LAC LONG GC

A N KU GC Québec

Portland IPER PLAN NAWAPA GC Montréal

PIRKEY WSW

N AWA

AC OT TAWA CENTRAL VALLEY ° N P 40 PROJECT A M Minneapolis P i ALASKAN ss GC is GC DELAWARE UNDERWATER WSW NAW s AC GRAND DITCH E i AQUADUCT AQUADUCT C p Buffalo CONTINENTAL p Detroit LOS ANGELES Salt Lake DIVIDE TRANSFERS i New York Sacramento AQUADUCT City CENTRAL SUPPLY TAPPING Chicago UTAH THE OGLALA C AC G Topography W AQUIFER San Francisco S PROJECT io W h WASHINGTON PA CALIFORNIA STATE A Denver Cincinnati O 3 000 m AW WATER PROJECT N o Kansas City M 60 d iss ° a W ou 1 500 m (CSWP) lor ri W C o S W ee A P s 1 000 m SAN JUAN C s Los Angeles W e A UNITED STATES i n CHAMA N COLORADO RIVER p n 500 m CE p e i T AQUADUCT Phoenix s N s 200 m San Diego AW i A R ed R iv s PA er s Atlanta ALL-AMERICAN i 0 m Tucson M CANAL OCEAN

CENTRAL ARIZONA NB. Some infrastructures are not shown on PROJECT New Orleans the map: the transfer from Lake Tazin R towards Lake Athabasca (, io Houston northern ); from Lake G r Alouette to Slave Lake; from the Bridge a n river to the Seton (Fraser Basin, British d GULF e Columbia); and from the Little Abitibi river 0 500 1 000 1 500 km MEXICO Miami OF MEXICO to the Abitibi river (northern ). N Annual consumption of fresh water Border basins governed by the International Joint Commission (CJC) at the end of the 1990s Today, huge transfers ...... tomorrow, giant projects Missouri Percentage of Main canals and aquaducts Routes for main continental transfer projects Grand Basin total reserves Amounts of water transferred in billions Upper of cubic metres a year NAWA PA : North American Water and Power Alliance Colorado Under 10% CENAWP California 26,3 : Central North American Water Project Arkansas 10 - 30% WSWAC : Western States Water Augmentation Concept Lower GC : Grand Canal () Colorado Rio 30 - 40% 8,5 Grande Texas 70 - 100% 3,5 The map draws in part on information in Major Water Transfers: Tools of Development Gulf 1,3 or Instruments of Power, by Frédéric Lasserre and others, University of 2005 0,5 More than 100%