W ALASKA BAFFIN (United States) NAWA PA M a Victoria BAY Greenland c BEAR Baffinland Anchorage k (Denmark) e LAKE n z i e 40 ALASKAN ° UNDERWATER W AQUADUCT CENA WP Southampton GREAT SLAVE LAKE PL HUDSON A N M BAY WS TAPPING N A A G W CHURCHILL W N TAPPING TAPPING AC U C A M EN P CHURCHILL-NELSON FALLS A LAKE LAFORGE AW TAPPING P TAPPING ATHABASCA EOL KEMANO NAWA PA Newfoundland C hurchill Edmonton BAIE CANADA JAMES t n PACIFIC TAPPING e LAKE r u a LAKE TAPPING OCEAN i Va ncou ver a HOPE BAY b WINNIPEG L SAINT-JOSEPH OGOKI - t DEVELOPMENT m N u AW n l AP Winnipeg i Seattle o A TAPPING a C S PL LAC LONG GC A N KU GC Québec Portland IPER PLAN NAWAPA GC Montréal PIRKEY WSW N AWA AC OT TAWA CENTRAL VALLEY ° N P 40 PROJECT A M Minneapolis Toronto P i Boston ALASKAN ss GC is GC DELAWARE UNDERWATER WSW NAW s AC GRAND DITCH E i AQUADUCT AQUADUCT C p Buffalo CONTINENTAL p Detroit LOS ANGELES Salt Lake DIVIDE TRANSFERS i New York Sacramento AQUADUCT City CENTRAL SUPPLY TAPPING Chicago UTAH THE OGLALA C AC G Topography W AQUIFER San Francisco S PROJECT io W h WASHINGTON PA CALIFORNIA STATE A Denver Cincinnati O 3 000 m AW WATER PROJECT N o Kansas City M 60 d iss ° a W ou 1 500 m (CSWP) lor ri W C o S W ee A P s 1 000 m SAN JUAN C s Los Angeles W e A UNITED STATES i n CHAMA N COLORADO RIVER p n 500 m CE p e i T AQUADUCT Phoenix s N s 200 m San Diego AW i A R ed R iv s PA er s Atlanta ALL-AMERICAN i ATLANTIC 0 m Tucson M CANAL OCEAN CENTRAL ARIZONA NB. Some infrastructures are not shown on PROJECT New Orleans the map: the transfer from Lake Tazin R towards Lake Athabasca (Slave river, io Houston northern Saskatchewan); from Lake G r Alouette to Slave Lake; from the Bridge a n river to the Seton (Fraser Basin, British d GULF e Columbia); and from the Little Abitibi river 0 500 1 000 1 500 km MEXICO Miami OF MEXICO to the Abitibi river (northern Ontario). N Annual consumption of fresh water Border basins governed by the International Joint Commission (CJC) at the end of the 1990s Today, huge transfers . tomorrow, giant projects Missouri Percentage of Main canals and aquaducts Routes for main continental transfer projects Grand Basin total reserves Amounts of water transferred in billions Upper of cubic metres a year NAWA PA : North American Water and Power Alliance Colorado Under 10% CENAWP California 26,3 : Central North American Water Project Arkansas 10 - 30% WSWAC : Western States Water Augmentation Concept Lower GC : Grand Canal (James Bay) Colorado Rio 30 - 40% 8,5 Grande Texas 70 - 100% 3,5 The map draws in part on information in Major Water Transfers: Tools of Development Gulf 1,3 or Instruments of Power, by Frédéric Lasserre and others, University of Quebec 2005 0,5 More than 100%.