Uruguay Free

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Uruguay Free FREE URUGUAY PDF Tim Burford | 392 pages | 18 Mar 2014 | BRADT TRAVEL GUIDES | 9781841624778 | English | Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom Uruguay - Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs Historical, political and human ties between the two countries allow for the high degree of mutual trust, which pervades all aspects of the bilateral relationship. Cooperation between the two countries is encompassing, permeating the political, economic, technological and social fields. The increasing Uruguay integration has benefited the economy and the industry of the two countries. In alone, bilateral trade Uruguay by The Uruguay of Brazilian investments in Uruguay, particularly in agricultural exporting sectors, should also be highlighted. This initiative aims to conceive and monitor projects in strategic areas of the bilateral relationship. This agreement came into force on July 7 Border cooperation is Uruguay important topic of Uruguay relations. Uruguay brings together initiatives to improve the quality of life of the border population. The coordination between the two countries in the physical and institutional structuring of the Brazil-Uruguay Waterway, which comprises the Patos and Mirim lagoons and their tributaries, Uruguay also be mentioned. Brazilian Representations. Representations Uruguay Brazil. Trade Data. Portal do Governo Brasileiro. Countries and entities with which Brazil maintains diplomatic relations. Related Uruguay. Representation of Uruguay in Brazil. Representation of Brazil in Uruguay. Uruguay PAGE Partner Country | PAGE Montevideo, founded by the Spanish in as a military stronghold, soon took advantage of its Uruguay harbor to become an important commercial center. Claimed by Argentina but annexed by Brazil inUruguay declared its independence four years later and secured its freedom in after a three- year struggle. The administrations of President Jose BATLLE in the early 20th century launched widespread political, social, and Uruguay reforms that established a statist tradition. A violent Uruguay urban Uruguay movement named the Tupamaros, launched in the Uruguay s, led Uruguay's president to Uruguay control Uruguay the government to the military in By yearend, the rebels had been crushed, but the military continued to expand its hold over the government. Civilian rule was restored in Inthe left-of-center Frente Amplio Coalition won national elections that effectively ended years of political control previously held by the Colorado and National Blanco parties. Uruguay's political and labor conditions are among the freest on the continent. Uruguay rates high for most development indicators and is known for its secularism, liberal social laws, and well-developed social security, health, and educational systems. It is one of the few countries in Latin America and the Uruguay where the entire population Uruguay access to clean water. Uruguay's provision of free primary through university education has contributed to the country's high levels of literacy and educational attainment. However, the emigration of human capital has diminished the state's return on its investment in education. The emigration of Uruguay adults and a low birth rate are causing Uruguay's population to age rapidly. In the Uruguay, Uruguayans for the first time emigrated en masse - primarily to Argentina and Brazil - because of economic decline and the onset of Uruguay than a decade of military dictatorship. Uruguay had a tiny population upon its independence in and welcomed thousands of predominantly Italian and Spanish immigrants, but the Uruguay has not experienced large influxes of new arrivals since the aftermath of World War II. More recent immigrants include Peruvians and Arabs. Uruguay has a free market economy characterized by an export-oriented agricultural sector, a well-educated workforce, and high levels of social spending. We read every letter or e-mail we receive, and we will convey your comments Uruguay CIA officials outside OPA as appropriate. However, with limited staff and resources, we simply cannot respond to all who write to us. Submit questions or comments online. Contact the Office of Privacy and Civil Liberties. Contact Uruguay Office of Inspector General. Contact the Employment Verification Office. Please check our site mapsearch feature, or our site navigation on the left to locate the information you seek. We do not routinely respond to questions for which Uruguay are found within this Web site. Employment : We do not routinely answer questions about employment beyond the information on this Web site, and we do not routinely answer inquiries about the status of job applications. Recruiting will contact applicants within 45 days if their qualifications meet our needs. People from nearly every country share information with CIA, and new individuals contact us daily. If you have information you think might interest CIA due to our foreign intelligence collection mission, there are many ways Uruguay reach us. If you know of an imminent threat to a location inside the U. For threats outside the U. Embassy or Consulate and ask for the information to be passed to a U. Please know, CIA does not engage in law Uruguay. In Uruguay to the options below, individuals contact CIA in a variety of Uruguay ways. The best method depends on your personal situation. We will work to protect all information you provide, including your Uruguay, and our interactions with you will be respectful and professional. Depending on what you provide, we may offer you compensation. We cannot guarantee a response to Uruguay message. We reply first to Uruguay of greater interest to us and to those with more Uruguay. Our Uruguay will occur via a secure method. Internet: Send a message here. Or, you can send us a message using the Tor browser Uruguay ciadotgov4sjwlzihbbgxnqg3xiyrg7so2r2o3lt5wz5ypk4sxyjstad. We go to great lengths to keep these channels secure, but any Uruguay via the internet poses some risk. You can also Uruguay a letter Uruguay a U. Embassy or Consulate and request it be forwarded to CIA. Please note we have no Uruguay over the security and reliability of postal mail. Uruguay Outside the U. Embassy or Consulate and inform a U. Third Party: Have someone you trust Uruguay to a less restrictive environment and deliver the information via Uruguay of the above methods. Javascript must be enabled for the correct page Uruguay Library. South America :: Uruguay Print. Page last updated on October 09, Flag Uruguay. South America :: Uruguay. All Space. The Rio de la Plata is the brown, Uruguay short, sediment-filled river in the center of the image. It is the widest river in the world, ranging from Uruguay 40 km 25 mi in width Uruguay Buenos Aires, Uruguay approximately km mi near its mouth. As its water mixes with clearer ocean water, it creates swirls and cloudy formations. Visible in this image in gray is Buenos Aires, the capital city of Argentina, located inland near the Uruguay of the river. Montevideo, Uruguay's capital, is located downstream on the opposite Uruguay of Uruguay Rio de la Plata and also appears gray. Photo: NASA. Factbook photos - obtained from a variety of sources - are in the public domain and are copyright free. Agency Copyright Notice. Introduction :: Uruguay. Background : This entry usually highlights major historic events and current issues and may include a statement about one or two key future Uruguay. Geography :: Uruguay. Location : This entry identifies the country's regional location, neighboring countries, and adjacent Uruguay of water. Geographic coordinates : This entry includes rounded latitude and longitude figures for the centroid or center point of a country expressed in degrees and minutes; it is based on the locations Uruguay in the Geographic Names Server GNSmaintained by the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency on behalf of the US Board on Geographic Names. Map references : This entry includes the name of the Factbook reference map on which Uruguay country may be found. Note that boundary representations on these maps are not necessarily authoritative. The entry on Geographic coordinates may be helpful in finding some smaller countries. South America. Area : This entry includes three subfields. Area - comparative : This entry provides an area comparison Uruguay on total area equivalents. Most entities are compared with the entire US or one of the 50 states based on area measurements revised provided by the US Bureau of the Census. Image Description. Land boundaries : This entry contains the total length of all land boundaries and the individual lengths for each of the contiguous border countries. When available, official lengths published by national statistical agencies are used. Because surveying methods may differ, country border lengths reported by contiguous countries may Uruguay. Coastline : This entry gives the total length of the boundary between the land area including islands and the sea. Uruguay claims : This entry includes the following claims, the definitions of which are excerpted from the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea UNCLOSwhich alone contains the full and definitive descriptions: territorial sea - the sovereignty of a coastal state extends beyond its land territory and internal waters to an adjacent belt of sea, described as the territorial sea in the UNCLOS Part II ; this sovereignty extends to the air space over the territorial sea as well as its underlying s. Climate : This entry includes a brief description of typical weather regimes throughout the year;
Recommended publications
  • Ecos Del Constitucionalismo Gaditano En La Banda Oriental Del Uruguay 11
    Ecos del Constitucionalismo gaditano en la Banda Oriental del Uruguay 11 ECOS DEL CONSTITUCIONALISMO GADITANO EN LA BANDA ORIENTAL DEL URUGUAY AN A FREG A NOV A LES UNIVERSID A D DE L A REPÚBLIC A (UR U G ua Y ) RESUMEN El artículo explora las influencias de los debates y el texto constitucional aprobado en Cádiz en 1812 en los territorios de la Banda Oriental del Uruguay, durante dos dé- cadas que incluyen la resistencia de los “leales españoles” en Montevideo, el proyecto confederal de José Artigas, la incorporación a las monarquías constitucionales de Por- tugal y Brasil y la formación de un Estado independiente. Plantea cómo las discusiones doctrinarias sobre monarquía constitucional o república representativa, soberanía de la nación o soberanía de los pueblos, y centralismo o federalismo reflejaban antiguos con- flictos jurisdiccionales y diferentes posturas frente a la convulsión del orden social. PALABRAS CLAVE: Montevideo, Provincia Oriental, Provincia Cisplatina, Sobe- ranía, Constitución. ABSTRACT This article explores the influences of the debates and constitutional text approved in Cadiz in 1812 on Banda Oriental del Uruguay territories, during two decades that include the resistance of the “loyal Spaniards” in Montevideo, the confederate project of José Artigas, the incorporation to the constitutional monarchies of Portugal and Brazil and the creation of an independent State. Moreover, it poses how the doctrinaire TROCADERO (24) 2012 pp. 11-25 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.25267/Trocadero.2012.i24.01 12 Ana Frega Novales discussions about constitutional monarchy or representative republic, sovereignty of the nation or sovereignty of the peoples, and centralism or federalism, reflected long- standing jurisdictional conflicts and different stances regarding the upheaval of the social order.
    [Show full text]
  • LA SACRALIZACIÓN DEL CONSENSO NACIONAL Y LAS PUGNAS POR LA MEMORIA HISTÓRICA Y LA JUSTICIA EN EL URUGUAY POSDICTATORIAL América Latina Hoy, Vol
    América Latina Hoy ISSN: 1130-2887 [email protected] Universidad de Salamanca España RONIGER, Luis LA SACRALIZACIÓN DEL CONSENSO NACIONAL y LAS PUGNAS POR LA MEMORIA HISTÓRICA y LA JUSTICIA EN EL URUGUAY POSDICTATORIAL América Latina Hoy, vol. 61, agosto, 2012, pp. 51-78 Universidad de Salamanca Salamanca, España Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=30824379003 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto LA SACRALIZACIóN DEL CONSENSO NACIONAL y LAS PUGNAS POR LA MEMORIA HIStóRICA y LA jUStICIA EN EL URUGUAy POSDICtAtORIAL The Sanctification of National Consensus and Struggles over Historical Memory and Justice in Post-Dictatorial Uruguay Luis RONIGER Wake Forest University, Estados Unidos * [email protected] BIBLID [1130-2887 (2012) 61, 51-78] Fecha de recepción: 24 de enero del 2012 Fecha de aceptación: 19 de junio del 2012 RESUMEN: Este trabajo se propone analizar el peso relativo de los poderes institucionales y la sociedad civil dentro de la constelación de fuerzas que bregaron por definir políticas de jus - ticia transicional y configurar la memoria histórica de la sociedad uruguaya y que, en una larga serie de parciales intentos, eventualmente abrieron nuevos espacios de institucionalidad para el establecimiento tardío de responsabilidad legal y rendición de cuentas por las violaciones a los derechos humanos cometidas en el Uruguay en el marco de la Guerra Fría. Palabras clave : justicia transicional, memoria histórica, derechos humanos, impunidad y ren - dición de cuentas.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 a Guerra Da Cisplatina E O Início Da Formação Do Estado Imperial Brasileiro
    1 A GUERRA DA CISPLATINA E O INÍCIO DA FORMAÇÃO DO ESTADO IMPERIAL BRASILEIRO Luan Mendes de Medeiros Siqueira (PPHR/ UFRRJ) Marcello Otávio Neri de Campos Basile Palavras- chave: Estado Nacional, Nação e Guerra da Cisplatina. Este trabalho é parte da minha pesquisa de mestrado que por sua vez tem como tema: As relações internacionais entre o Império do Brasil e as Províncias Unidas do Rio da Prata durante a Guerra da Cisplatina (1825- 1828). Procuramos compreender nesse presente estudo a consolidação do poder por parte deles sobre a região do Prata, já que era fundamental estruturar uma identidade na formação de tais Estados. A Guerra da Cisplatina, entretanto, pode ser considerada como o primeiro conflito em nível regional a ser resolvido pelo Brasil e Argentina em suas agendas de política externa e como um entrave também entre as suas áreas de litígio. Além disso, se quisermos nos aprofundar sobre a história da diplomacia entre tais países, elas terão suas origens majoritariamante nesse conflito. Daí, a necessidade de se pesquisar cada vez mais as relações internacionais de ambos os países nesse confronto. Neste trabalho, temos como referencial teórico o conceito de Relações Internacionais dos cientistas políticos Jean Baptiste Duroselle e Pierre Renouvin. Segundo eles, esse termo engloba uma série de elementos, dentre eles: territorialidade, condições demográficas, relevo, soberania e fronteiras políticas.1 A Guerra da Cisplatina pode-se inserir nesse campo teórico uma vez que o fator dos limites de fronteiras esteve intrinsecamente ligado à eclosão do conflito. A disputa pelo domínio da província Cisplatina, além de sua importância econômica, foi marcada também por um outro tópico componente do conceito de relações internacionais desses autores: Soberania.
    [Show full text]
  • Conflictos Sociales Y Guerras De Independencia En La Provincia Cisplatina/Oriental, 1820-1830
    X Jornadas Interescuelas/Departamentos de Historia. Escuela de Historia de la Facultad de Humanidades y Artes, Universidad Nacional del Rosario. Departamento de Historia de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Rosario, 2005. Conflictos sociales y guerras de independencia en la Provincia Cisplatina/Oriental, 1820-1830. Enfrentamientos étnicos: de la alianza al exterminio. Frega Ana. Cita: Frega Ana (2005). Conflictos sociales y guerras de independencia en la Provincia Cisplatina/Oriental, 1820-1830. Enfrentamientos étnicos: de la alianza al exterminio. X Jornadas Interescuelas/Departamentos de Historia. Escuela de Historia de la Facultad de Humanidades y Artes, Universidad Nacional del Rosario. Departamento de Historia de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Rosario. Dirección estable: https://www.aacademica.org/000-006/16 Acta Académica es un proyecto académico sin fines de lucro enmarcado en la iniciativa de acceso abierto. Acta Académica fue creado para facilitar a investigadores de todo el mundo el compartir su producción académica. Para crear un perfil gratuitamente o acceder a otros trabajos visite: https://www.aacademica.org. Xº JORNADAS INTERESCUELAS / DEPARTAMENTOS DE HISTORIA Rosario, 20 al 23 de septiembre de 2005 Título: Conflictos sociales y guerras de independencia en la Provincia Cisplatina/Oriental, 1820-1830. Enfrentamientos étnicos: de la alianza al exterminio Mesa Temática Nº 2: Conflictividad, insurgencia y revolución en América del Sur. 1800-1830 Pertenencia institucional: Universidad de la República, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación, Departamento de Historia del Uruguay Autora: Frega, Ana. Profesora Agregada del Dpto. de Historia del Uruguay. Dirección laboral: Magallanes 1577, teléfono (+5982) 408 1838, fax (+5982) 408 4303 Correo electrónico: [email protected] 1 Conflictos sociales y guerras de independencia en la Provincia Cisplatina/Oriental, 1820-1830.
    [Show full text]
  • Artigas, O Federalismo E As Instruções Do Ano Xiii
    1 ARTIGAS, O FEDERALISMO E AS INSTRUÇÕES DO ANO XIII MARIA MEDIANEIRA PADOIN* As disputas entre as tendências centralistas-unitárias e federalistas, manifestadas nas disputas políticas entre portenhos e o interior, ou ainda entre províncias-regiões, gerou prolongadas guerras civis que estendeu-se por todo o território do Vice-Reino. Tanto Assunção do Paraguai quanto a Banda Oriental serão exemplos deste enfrentamento, como palco de defesa de propostas políticas federalistas. Porém, devemos ressaltar que tais tendências apresentavam divisões internas, conforme a maneira de interpretar ideologicamente seus objetivos, ou a forma pelo qual alcançá-los, ou seja haviam disputas de poder internamente em cada grupo, como nos chama a atenção José Carlos Chiaramonte (1997:216) : ...entre los partidarios del Estado centralizado y los de la unión confederal , pues exsiten evidencias de que en uno y en outro bando había posiciones distintas respecto de la naturaleza de la sociedad y del poder, derivadas del choque de concepciones historicamente divergentes, que aunque remetían a la común tradicón jusnaturalista que hemos comentado, sustentaban diferentes interpretaciones de algunos puntos fundamentales del Derecho Natural. Entre los chamados federales, era visible desde hacía muchos años la existencia de adeptos de antiguas tradiciones jusnaturalistas que admitian la unión confederal como una de las posibles formas de _______________ *Professora Associada ao Departamento de História e do Programa de Pós-Graduação em História da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria-UFSM; coordenadora do Grupo de Pesquisa CNPq História Platina: sociedade, poder e instituições. gobierno y la de quienes estaban al tanto de la reciente experiencia norteamericana y de su vinculación com el desarollo de la libertad y la igualdad política modernas .
    [Show full text]
  • Ilson Y Los Tupamaros
    .Revista Semanario Por todos los derechos, contra todas las proscripciones . No daña el estómago. 13 al20 de julio de 1984. Año l. No 31 N$ 30 Edición de 40 Págs. Reclame la "Separata" El tiempo pasa ... Basta de optimismo: "hechos'' democráticos 1 .optimismo excesivo con que al­ ra tratar de conciliar la inconciliable: de­ gunos abordaron el reinicio de los mocracia y doctrina de la seguridad na­ contactos entre civiles y militares cional. no ha dado paso, lamentablemen­ Cualquier negociación' que se inicie te, a los hechos concretos que nuestra sólo puede desembocar en las formas de nación reclama. Y eso que, a estarse por transferencia del poder. Y en la demo­ las declaraciones del Vice-Almirante cracia. Neto. Sin recortes. Y sin doctrina Invidio, bastaba con sentarse ·alrededor de la seguridad nacional. de una mesa ... Los militares deben tener presente que el "diálogo" no es una instancia pa- Sandinisffio y antisandinismo en Montevideo ilson y los tupamaros Reportaje a Juan Pablo Tet·t·a Alfonsín: cinco militares a la lona Entrevistas a Gassman Carlos Real de Azúa vocar la vida de un pensador, ensa­ yista, investigador, crítico y do­ cente, por el propio cúmulo de Eperfiles intelectuales, llevaría un espacio del que lamentablemente no dis­ ponemos. Y más si, como en el caso de Carlos Real de Azúa, de entre todos esos perfiles se destacan los humanos. Diga­ mos en ton ces que, sin dejar de a ten!ler. la aversión ·-"aversión severa", dice Lisa Block de Behar- que nuestro ensayista sentía hacia toda representación de su figura, Jaque convoca a un prestigioso grupo de colaboradores para esbozar, en no, Ida Vitale, !Enrique Fierro y Carlos nuestra Separata, su vida y su obra.
    [Show full text]
  • The Plata Basin Example
    Volume 30 Issue 1 Winter 1990 Winter 1990 Risk Perception in International River Basin Managemnt: The Plata Basin Example Jorge O. Trevin J. C. Day Recommended Citation Jorge O. Trevin & J. C. Day, Risk Perception in International River Basin Managemnt: The Plata Basin Example, 30 Nat. Resources J. 87 (1990). Available at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/nrj/vol30/iss1/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Natural Resources Journal by an authorized editor of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]. JORGE 0. TREVIN* and J.C. DAY** Risk Perception in International River Basin Management: The Plata Basin Example*** ABSTRACT Perceptionof the risk of multilateralcooperation has affected joint internationalaction for the integrateddevelopment of the PlataRiver Basin. The originsof sovereignty concerns amongArgentina,Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay are explored in terms of their his- torical roots. The role of risk in determining the character of the PlataBasin Treaty, and the ways in which risk was managedin order to reach cooperative agreements, are analyzed. The treaty incor- porates a number of risk management devices that were necessary to achieve internationalcooperation. The institutional system im- plemented under the treaty producedfew concrete results for almost two decades. Within the currentfavorable political environment in the basin, however, the structure already in place reopens the pos- sibility of further rapid integrative steps. INTRODUCTION Joint water development actions among the five states sharing the Plata Basin-Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay-have been dominated by two factors: the enormous potential benefits of cooperation, and long-standing international rivalries.
    [Show full text]
  • Vi Brazil As a Latin American Political Unit
    VI BRAZIL AS A LATIN AMERICAN POLITICAL UNIT I. PHASES OF BRAZILIAN HISTORY is almost a truism to say that interest in the history of a I' country is in proportion to the international importance of it as a nation. The dramatic circumstances that might have shaped that history are of no avail to make it worth knowing; the actual or past standing of the country and its people is thus the only practical motive. According to such an interpretation of historical interest, I may say that the international importance of Brazil seems to be growing fast. Since the Great War, many books on South America have been published in the United States, and abundant references to Brazil may be found in all of them. Should I have to mention any of the recent books, I would certainly not forget Herman James's Brazil after a Century,' Jones's South Amer- ica,' for the anthropogeographic point of view, Mary Wil- liams's People and Politics oj Latin Arneri~a,~the books of Roy Nash, J. F. Normano, J. F. Rippy, Max Winkler, and others. Considering Brazil as a South American political entity, it is especially the historical point of view that I purpose to interpret. Therefore it may be convenient to have a pre- liminary general view of the story of independent Brazil, 'See reference, Lecture V, p. 296. IC. F. Jones, South America (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1930). Wary W. Williams, The People and Politics of Latin America (Boston: Ginn & CO., 1930). 312 Brazil as a Political Unit 313 emphasizing the characteristic features of the different pe- riods.
    [Show full text]
  • The United States and the Uruguayan Cold War, 1963-1976
    ABSTRACT SUBVERTING DEMOCRACY, PRODUCING TERROR: THE UNITED STATES AND THE URUGUAYAN COLD WAR, 1963-1976 In the early 1960s, Uruguay was a beacon of democracy in the Americas. Ten years later, repression and torture were everyday occurrences and by 1973, a military dictatorship had taken power. The unexpected descent into dictatorship is the subject of this thesis. By analyzing US government documents, many of which have been recently declassified, I examine the role of the US government in funding, training, and supporting the Uruguayan repressive apparatus during these trying years. Matthew Ford May 2015 SUBVERTING DEMOCRACY, PRODUCING TERROR: THE UNITED STATES AND THE URUGUAYAN COLD WAR, 1963-1976 by Matthew Ford A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History in the College of Social Sciences California State University, Fresno May 2015 APPROVED For the Department of History: We, the undersigned, certify that the thesis of the following student meets the required standards of scholarship, format, and style of the university and the student's graduate degree program for the awarding of the master's degree. Matthew Ford Thesis Author Maria Lopes (Chair) History William Skuban History Lori Clune History For the University Graduate Committee: Dean, Division of Graduate Studies AUTHORIZATION FOR REPRODUCTION OF MASTER’S THESIS X I grant permission for the reproduction of this thesis in part or in its entirety without further authorization from me, on the condition that the person or agency requesting reproduction absorbs the cost and provides proper acknowledgment of authorship. Permission to reproduce this thesis in part or in its entirety must be obtained from me.
    [Show full text]
  • Christianity and the Struggle for Human Rights in the Uruguayan Laïcité
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by ASU Digital Repository Dynamic Secularisms: Christianity and the Struggle for Human Rights in the Uruguayan Laïcité by Lucía Cash MA Thesis presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts Approved April 2015 by the Graduate Supervisory Committee: Linell Cady, Chair Christopher Duncan Daniel Schugurensky Carolyn Warner ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY May, 2015 ABSTRACT From 1973 to 1984 the people of Uruguay lived under a repressive military dictatorship. During that time, the Uruguayan government violated the Human Rights of its opponents and critics through prolonged imprisonment in inhumane conditions without trial, physical and psychological torture, disappearance, and a negation of freedom of speech, thought and congregation. In this project, I argue that these violations of Human Rights committed by the military dictatorship added urgency to the rethinking by religious individuals of the Uruguayan model of secularism, the laïcité, and the role that their theology required them to play in the “secular” world. Influenced by the Liberation Theology movement, Catholic and Protestant leaders simultaneously made use of and challenged the secularization model in order to carve a space for themselves in the struggle for the protection of Human Rights. Furthermore, I will argue that due to the Uruguayan system of partitocracy, which privileges political parties as the main voices in public matters, Uruguay still carries this history of Human Rights violations on its back. Had alternative views been heard in the public sphere, this thorny history might have been dealt with in a fairer manner.
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Document
    Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Social Inclusion in Uruguay Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized © 2020 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org This work was originally published by The World Bank in English as Social Inclusion in Uruguay, in 2020. In case of any discrepancies, the original language will prevail. This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Rights and Permissions The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given. Attribution—The World Bank. 2020. Social Inclusion in Uruguay. Washington, DC: World Bank. License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO. Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; e mail: [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • Discursive Processes of Intergenerational Transmission of Recent History Also by Mariana Achugar
    Discursive Processes of Intergenerational Transmission of Recent History Also by Mariana Achugar WHAT WE REMEMBER: The Construction of Memory in Military Discourse (2008) ‘Mariana Achugar has written a powerful and solid book in which she gives voice to new generations of Uruguayan youth from Montevideo and rural Tacuarembó, who enter the public debate about the contested traumatic past of recent dictatorship. As Mariana emphasizes in her work, “the goal of intergenerational transmission of the recent past is not only to remember, but to understand”, and this is precisely what youth manifested to be interested in, because understanding their past enables them to construct their national and civic identities. Mariana expands the theoretical and methodological approaches in discourse analysis and focuses on the circulation and reception of texts. She exam- ines intertextuality and resemiotization in recontextualized practices, for analyzing what youth know about the dictatorship and how they learn about it. In doing so, Mariana reveals the complexity of this cir- culation of meanings about the past through popular culture, family conversations and history classroom interactions in school contexts. We learn that the youth, as active members of society, construct the past of the dictatorship through both; schematic narratives that are avail- able in the public sphere, and from their own elaborations grounded on the materials available in the community. This is a highly relevant and much needed book for scholars interested in memory and critical discourse studies.’ – Teresa Oteíza, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile ‘Memory scholars agree that the inter-generational transmission of col- lective memories is key to shaping the future, and others have noted that Uruguay is in the vanguard of using the school to transmit historical memories of the recent past to children who did not live it themselves, but no one has studied this process so closely or so well as Mariana Achugar .
    [Show full text]