6 X 10.5 Three Line Title.P65

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76685-2 - The Architect of Victory: The Military Career of Lieutenant-General Sir Frank Horton Berryman Peter J. Dean Index More information

Index

1st (First) Australian Army, 163–70, 2/2nd Anti-Tank Regiment, 117, 121, 177, 211, 279, 280, 287, 292–303, 127 310, 312 2/2nd Pioneer Battalion, 127–34, 140, 1st (I) Australian Corps, 77, 127, 155, 145, 151 156–69, 182, 184, 195, 222, 224, at Col’s ridge, 138 236, 243, 246, 250, 251, 254, 255, landing in Java, 159 256, 257, 266, 302, 310, 313 2/3rd Battalion, 140 1944–45, 279–99 2/3rd Independent Company, 202 decision to move to the Far East, 2/3rd Machine Gun Battalion, 121, 157 138 plans for defence of Java, 157 2/4th Field Regiment, 117, 121, 124, I Anzac Corps, 29, 33 141, 145 1st Armoured Brigade, 205 2/5th Battalion, 94, 95, 102, 129, 131, 1st Australian Imperial Force (1st 140, 145 AIF), 9, 24, 27, 33, 48 at Bardia, 102 1st Brigade, 42 at Wau, 202 1st Division, 29, 42, 165 2/5th Field Regiment, 117, 121, 129, 1st Military District, 65 135, 141 1st Motor Division, 165 at Damour, 145 1st Survey Regiment, 141 2/5th Independent Company, 200 1st Tactical Air Force, 291 2/6th Battalion, 94 at Bardia, 95, 98 2nd (Second) Australian Army, 165, at Mount Tambu, 240 310 surrender of Post 11, 103 2nd (II) Australian Corps, 221, 225, 2/6th Field Regiment, 117, 121, 129, 227, 236, 246, 298, 309, 317 134, 135 defence of Australia, 1942, at Damour, 140 165–9 2/6th Independent Company New Guinea, 1943, 255–60 secures Kaiapit, 246 New Guinea, 1944, 267–71 2/7th Battalion, 94, 202, 205 2nd Australian Imperial Force (2nd at Wau, 202 AIF), 72, 91, 114, 117, 119 2/7th Cavalry Regiment, 195 2nd Division, 29, 33, 36, 43, 44, 2/7th Independent Company, 200 165 2/9th Army Field Regiment, 141 2nd Field Ambulance, 41 2/12th Battalion 2nd Infantry Brigade, 42 Goodenough Island Operation, 2nd Infantry Division, 31 179 2nd Military District, 50 2/14th Battalion, 145 2/1st Field Company, 92 2/16th Battalion, 144–7

379

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76685-2 - The Architect of Victory: The Military Career of Lieutenant-General Sir Frank Horton Berryman Peter J. Dean Index More information

380 INDEX

2/17th Battalion, 263 7th Brigade, 30–3, 42, 43, 44 2/24th Battalion, 248 7th Division, 73, 83, 115, 117, 120, 2/25th Battalion, 129, 130, 133, 135, 123, 127, 128, 135–43, 148–51, 247 155, 162, 165, 168, 169, 184, 185, at Merdjayoun, 132 232, 243–8, 257, 259, 260, 289, 2/27th Battalion, 145 295 2/31st Battalion, 121, 127 at beachhead battles, 190–8 Green Hill, Syria, 124 Berryman’s relations with ofﬁcers, 2/33rd Battalion, 127, 129, 138 117 assault on Pimple, 135 importance of artillery at Damour, 141 3rd Division, 73, 165, 236, 296 planning for Operation Postern, assault on Salamaua, 222, 243 228 Berryman as GS01, 71 reorganisation of, 1943, 221 converted to Jungle Division, 221 in Syria, 120, 141 in New Guinea, 222–8 8th Brigade 4th Brigade in Huon Peninsula, 264 in Huon Peninsula with 9th Division, 263 9th Division, 208, 243–51, 260, 285, 4th Division, 36 289, 294, 299, 300 4th Field Artillery Brigade, 27, 29, 30, in Huon Peninsula, 260–70 59 plans for Operation Postern, 219–34 5th Brigade, 43 5th Division, 36, 165, 239, 263, 267, 10th Division, 165 298 converted to Jungle Division, 11th Brigade, 33 221 11th Division in Huon Peninsula, 260, 268 converted to Jungle Division, 5th Field Artillery Brigade, 40, 42 221 14th Battery, 40, 41, 42 14th Battalion, 74 6th (Army) Field Artillery Brigade, 33, 14th Brigade, 61–2, 66, 167 40 part of 7th Division, New Guinea, 18th Battery, 33–43 193 6th Cavalry Regiment, 120, 127, 135, 145 16th Brigade, 78–80, 83–4, 95, 6th Division, 4, 94, 95, 96, 97, 101, 99–101, 106, 108, 193 117, 118, 129, 171, 172, 190, 237, brigade major, 114 266, 283, 309, 325 at Tobruk, 111–13 at Bardia and Tobruk, 102–16 equipment shortages 1940–41, 83, 17th Brigade, 78, 94–112, 140, 143, 86 145–8, 200, 202, 227, 237 preparations for Bardia, 71–84, at Bardia, 90–112 91 at Damour, 140 relations among senior ofﬁcers 1940–41, 81 18th Brigade, 120, 169, 190, 195, reorganistion 1943, 221 197, 199, 205 training, 1940, 82 part of 7th Division, New Guinea, at Wewak, 294–300 193

INDEX 381

19th Brigade, 78, 81, 82, 88, 92, General George Brett commands, 97–112, 115 212 at Tobruk, 111–13 withdrawal from Java, 159 Air Force, United States, 295 20th Brigade, 253, 262 Air Force, Vichy French superiority over battlefield in Syria, 21st Brigade, 169, 172, 183, 246, 247 152 at Damour, 139–43 air photos in Syria, 118–27 coordination of by Forland, 291 used to create model of New 24th Brigade, 262 Guinea, 222 air power 25th Brigade, 140, 143, 173, 247 advantanges over Italian forces, in Syria, 120–8 Libya 1940–41, 104 use of in SWPA 1943, 234 26th Brigade, 261, 262, 263, 268, 292 air support, 270 Blamey’s assessment of during 30th Brigade, 193 battle for Bismark Sea, 218 coordination of in New Guinea, 34th Militia Battery, 33 224 requirements for Operation Adachi, Lieutenant General Hatazo, Postern, 227 185, 199, 200, 261 airfields, 260 Admiralty, 290 Balikpapan, 295 Advanced Headquarters Allied Land Bena Bena, 227 Forces (Adv LHQ), 167, 168, Buna, 198 172–80, 186, 195, 196, 205, 209, Dobodura, 198 234, 235, 277, 279, 280, 281, 292, Finschhafen, 253 297–303, 307, 317, 325 Kiriwina Island, 218 planning Operation Postern, Labuan Is, 294 213–34 Marilinan (Tsili Tsili), 227, 243 Advanced New Guinea Force Nadzab, 224, 227, 228 Headquarters (Adv NGF HQ), 185 Tarakan, 290, 293, 294 Afrika Korps, 119 Tawi Tawi Island, 294 Air Force, Australian, 176, 259 Tuguegarao, 282 and Berryman, 186, 205, 268 Wau, 201 Blamey’s lack of control over in Woodlark Island, 218 New Guinea, 234 airstrips British officers in charge of, 64 see also airfields coordination with I Corps Aparri, 228, 282, 283, 294 Operations 1945, 291 Kaiapit, 246 defence budget 1929, 48 Wau, 200 General Richard Sutherland’s Allen, Major General Arthur (Tubby), opinion of, 1942, 212 64, 75, 76, 82, 92, 99–112, 116, hostile attitude towards by GHQ, 127, 156, 160, 161, 162, 165, 205, 213 210, 237, 323 support for 6th Division at Bardia, and Berryman, 64, 79–82, 135, 86 148, 185 United States, 295 Herring ends career, 237 Air Force, Allied (SWPA), 218, 223, relationship with Herring, 243 237

382 INDEX

Allen, Major General Arthur (cont.) victory at Milne Bay, 183 removed from command at American–British–Dutch–Australian Kokoda, 184–8 Command, 157, 158, 181 in Syria, 132–49 amphibious beach assault groups, 287 Allied Combined Chiefs, 218 amphibious operations Allied command structure at see also 2nd Engineering Special Finschhafen, 250 Brigade Allied forces attachment of forces to New air superiority, Operation Postern, Guinea Force, 221 243 Australian Army doctrine, 292 SWPA 1943, 216 Balikpapan, 295 in Syria, 119, 126 cancellation of Japanese attack on Allied HQ SWPA, Brisbane, 213 Port Moresby, 181 Allied Land Forces, 175, 212, 224, establishment of 7th Amphibious 230, 231, 279, 287 Fleet, SWPA, 218 Allied Land Forces HQ, SWPA.See establishment of Joint Overseas Advanced Headquarters Allied Operational Training School, Land Forces (Adv LHQ) 178 Allied offensives at Finschhafen, 249, 251, 268 plans for 1943, 208 Japanese assault on Milne Bay, Allied Supreme Command, 181 173 Allied war effort need for coordination in SWPA, in Mediterranean and Middle East, 178 119 need for in SPWA, 177 Allies, 168, 271 planning for Operation Postern, after loss of Singapore, 165 232 bypassing Japanese in SWPA, 289 plans for landing at Lae, 221 Japanese surrender document, 309 problems in preparations for lack of a counter weapon to Vichy Operation Postern, 226 French tanks in Syria, 152 ruled out for beachhead battles, political and strategic situation, 197 January 1943 SWPA, 204 training priority for 9th Division, powers at Japanese surrender, 307 208 relations between Australian and vehicles to cross Markham River, United States forces, 214 219 split in high command, August Wewak, 298 1943, 249 anti-aircraft, 62 strategic assets, 1943, 218 Italian defences, Tobruk, 110 strategic situtation in Paciﬁc, anti-aircraft regiment, Syria, 120 March 1942, 181 Armistice, 11 November 1918, 44 strategy in Paciﬁc 1944–45, 289 Army Headquarters, Australia, 50, 64, superiority of at Saidor, 1944, 265 65, 67, 162, 163, 168, 169, 185 use of combined amphibious and artillery, 23, 27 parachute troops SWPA, 234 in 1st AIF, 28 use of strategic advantages in 1943, 6th Division, Bardia, 86 234 7th Division, Syria, 120 Allies, in New Guinea assessment of in Syria, 149 advance along north coast, 200 at battle of Damour, 140 forces, 192 in beachhead battles, 197, 198, offensive, 168 203 problems defeating Japanese at Berryman’s command of, 7th Buna, 190 Division, 83

INDEX 383

casualties, Australian Army Balikpapan, 295, 300 1914–18, 45 barbed wire difficulties in Syria, 144 Italian defences, Bardia, 88 Duntroon officers training, 1915, US troops use of in Cape 25 Gloucester, 265 German, 37 Barbey, Vice Admiral Daniel, 213–23, in Huon Peninsula campaign, 225–34, 235, 249, 251–7, 268 261 Bardia, 1, 2, 4, 79, 84, 118, 119, 148, Italian at Bardia, 92 170, 317, 327 Italian effectiveness at Tobruk, analysis of victory, 114–16 108 battle of, 85–116 learning curve, World War I, 40 Berryman’s lectures on battle, lessons learned from New Guinea, 118 293 delay between phase 1 and 2, 92 at Mouquet Farm, 29 Italian defence, 88, 101 plan, Bardia, 89 plans for capture of, 86–91 at Saidor, 266 battalion.See unit and formation list support 7th Division, Syria, battlefield, 98, 205, 242 121 battlefield tours support battle of Damour, 141 by Staff College students, 55 support in Balikpapan operation, battlefields 295 see also beachhead battles support, Berryforce, 129 Berryman assesses officers on, in Syria, 124, 141 323 tactics, 31 Berryman visits, 260 tactics, 1916, 30 Blamey visits, 195 third battle of Ypres, 38 Italian air superiority over, 88 use at Wau, 202 lack of a joint commander in New use of Divisional HQ as Fwd Guinea, 255 Observation Post, 123 battleship, 277 and Vichy French supply lines, Baxter-Cox, Brigadier Alfred, 120–8 Merdjayoun, 134 assesment of capabilities, Syria, artillery units.See individual units. e.g. 123 2/4th Field Regiment beachhead, 198, 215, 248, 268, 295 Australian Army beachhead battles, 189 see also individual units and Allied casualties, 204 formations e.g. 21st Brigade Allied resources, 197 effect of Great Depression, 61 Allies’ confidence before, 190 major reorganisation of, 1942, assessment of, 204 165 battle of (Buna, Gona, Sanananda), Ordnance Department, 50 185–207 preparation of offensive in New Berryman assesses advantages of Guinea, 167 Allies at, 195 Australian High Command, 213, 248, Beaufighters, 189 296 Beavis, Major General Leslie, 23, 54, Australian High Commission, 165, 313 London, 57, 60 at RMC, 17, 18, 24 Australian Military Police, 212 Bennett, Major General Gordon, 55, Australian New Guinea 67 Administration Unit (ANGAU), corps command, Western Australia, 193 165 Australian War Memorial, 321 criticism of Staff Corps, 67

384 INDEX

Bergonzoli, Lieutenant General Chief of Staff, Australian Military Annibale, 83, 110 Forces, 309 Berryforce, 128–39, 141, 150, 155 Chief of Staff, cements position as, anti-aircraft, 150 205 first assault on Merdjayoun, 130 Chief of Staff, Commonwealth second assault on Merdjayoun, 133 Army (Darwin), 273 third assault on Merdjayoun, 135 Chief of Staff, New Guinea Force, units under command 15 June 309 1941, 129 childhood, 9–13 and Vichy French supply lines into command, 14th Battery, 40–2 Merdjayoun, 134 command, 18th Battery, 33–9 Berryman, Ann, 60, 61, 74 command, Eastern Command, Berryman, Lieutenant-General Sir 313–15 Frank command, Forward Echelon Adv as Adjutant 4th FAB, 28 LHQ (Forland), 279, 295, appointment to 7th Division, 117 300–3 appointment to command command, II Corps, 257, 271 Berryforce, 128 Commander Royal Artillery, 117, appointment, Chief of Staff Adv 149 LHQ, 272 commander, 7th Division artillery, Arthur Allen’s assessment of, 63 83 assessment by MacArthur, 273 criticism of in Java, 161 assessment of fellow officers, 76 Deputy Chief of General Staff assessment of performance at (DCGS), 168–80, 185–9, 200–7, Bardia, 106 221–35, 243–57 assessment of performance in Syria, Deputy Chief of the General Staff, 149–52 309 assessment of Savige, 6th Division, Director and CEO, Royal 78 Agricultural Society, 317 attempts to become Chief of Director-General, Commonwealth General Staff, 311–13 Jubilee, 315 at Bardia, 99, 101 Director-General, Royal Tour, at battle of Damour, 139–49 315–16 as BGS I Australian Corps, 155 final assessment of, 325–6 as brigade major, 40, 42–4, 63 First World War service, 27–46 as Brigade Major, 14th Infantry high school education, 13–16 Brigade, 61, 66 interviews Lt Col I Stewart in Java, as Chief of Staff, 4, 77, 169 161 as Chief of Staff, Adv NGF, at Japanese surrender, Tokyo Bay, 189–200, 203 307–10 as Chief of Staff, Advance Land Lavarack, support for, 65, HQ, 272–303 158–61 as Chief of Staff, BGS, 155 Lavarack, support from, 164 cements position with Blamey, Lavarack’s opinion of, 1938, 170–1 68 Chief of Staff, 325 lectures on Bardia and Tobruk, Chief of Staff, Adv LHQ, 278, 279, 118 282, 300 loses command in 7th Division, Chief of Staff, Adv NGF, 188 155 Chief of Staff, Allied Land Forces, Mentioned in Despatches (MID), 230, 231 38

INDEX 385

MGGS, First Australian Army, supports Savige at Salamaua, 240 164–9 relationship with senior officers, MGGS, New Guinea Force HQ, 6th Division, 75–82 185–9, 200–7, 243–57 relationship with Stevens, Syria, Morshead’s opinion of, 62 142 offer to join British Army, 60 relationship with Tubby Allen, 63, operations at Jezzine, Syria, 79 126 relationship with Vasey, 77, 168 opposes landing of troops from 6th Division 1940–41, 77–8 Orcades, 160 beachhead battles, 192, 197, 203, personality and relationship with 206 senior officers, 79 relationship with Wilton, 118 plans for capture of Bardia, retirement, 317 86–91 at RMC, 17–26 plans for capture of Merdjayoun, role in victory at Tobruk, 1941, 134 113 plans for Commonwealth Army, Rowell’s opinion of, 68 1944, 277 at Salamaua 1943, 243 plans for Operation Postern, secrecy of, 81 221–35 senior officers’ respect for his posting to Army Headquarters, abilities, 6th Division, 80 1935, 64 service in London, High President, Dr Barnardo’s Australia, Commission, 61 315 Staff College, Camberley, 53–7 President, Regular Defence Forces Staff Corps/militia conflict, Welfare Association, 315 outbreak of war, 71–4 President, Remembrance Driveway staff procedures for orders after Committee, 315 Bardia, 107 reaction under fire, Syria, 122 training of 7th Division artillery, reasons for remaining with I Corps 119 in Java, 163 use of Divisional HQ as foward recommendation for Imperial observation post, 123 Defence College, 68 War Widows Guild, 314 relationship with British officers, at Wau, 200–2 XIII Corps, 85 wounded in action, 37, 41 relationship with family, 74 Berryman, John, 10 relationship with GHQ, 183, 184, Berryman, Muriel, 51, 59, 60, 74, 83, 209–15, 282, 286, 301 310, 315, 324 relationship with Herring, 242 Berryman, Richard, 60, 74 assessment of command New Berryman, William Alfred, 14 Guinea, 255–7 Berryman, William Lee, 10 at Lae, 247 Bismarck Sea, battle of, 218, 243 Finschhafen, 253 Blackforce, 159, 160 Salamaua, 236–7 Blamey, Field Marshal Sir Thomas, 1, relationship with Mackay, 75–6 4, 53, 72, 109, 142, 155, 161, 276, relationship with militia, 63, 74 285, 325–6, 353 relationship with Morshead, 63 and attack on Tobruk, 109 relationship with Muriel Whipp, and Australian Administrative and 51 Instructional Corps, 15 (See also Berryman, Muriel) arrangments for command in relationship with Savige, 115, 148 Pacific 1944, 279

386 INDEX

Blamey (cont.) at surrender ceremony, Tokyo Bay, assessment of Savige after Bardia, 308 104 Vasey’s opinion of, 78 and Berryman, 83, 155, 169, 171, visit to UK and USA, 272 179, 188, 282, 303 visits GHQ in Manila, 288 Berryman’s assessment of Savige Boase, Lieutenant General Allan, 239 and 3rd Div, 240 Borneo, 283–302 command, 2nd AIF, 72 Bostock, Air Vice Marshal William, Commander Allied Land Forces, 291, 308, 317 181 Brand, Major-General Charles, 51 concept of operations for Bren gun reconquest of New Guinea, 208, carrier, 101 221 Brett, General George, 212 corps command, 2nd AIF, 74 Bridges, Major-General William denies Lavarack an operational Throsby, 17, 20, 25 command, 167 brigade major deputises Mackay to command responsibilities of, 31 NGF HQ, 251 Savige demands sacking of, 67 inability to affect Prime Minister’s British Army, 53 view on strategy, 276 2nd Battalion King’s Own Royal in New Guinea 1943, 195 Rifle Corps, 135, 136, 137, 138 Operation Postern, 221–35, 238 4th Indian Division, 84 opposes assault on Balikpapan, 7th Armoured Division, 83, 86, 290, 294 102, 107, 108 orders I Corps to New Guinea, 169 7th Battalion Royal Tank plans for capture of Gona, Buna Regiment, 101, 103, 104, 108 and Sanananda, 190 battle of Bardia, 86–94 plans for Commonwealth Army in 13th (XIII) Corps, 93, 101, 104, Darwin, 278 111 plans for invasion of Japan, 300 see also Western Desert Force plans for post-war army, 311 16th Brigade, 102 predicts Japanese advance on Wau, 23rd Brigade, 139 200 212th Medium Battery, Royal questions Herring over changes to Artillery, 141 Operation Postern, 239 British Empire, 14, 52, 53, 83, 85 relationship with Chifley, 276 Task Force in the South-West relationship with GHQ, 211 Pacific, 278 relationship with Herring, 239, 247 British Field Service Regulations, 56 relationship with MacArthur, 211, British High Command, 36, 119, 120 212, 213, 233, 235, 250, 272, British Indian Army, 60 274, 277, 278, 285, 287, 288, 294 British Pacific Fleet, 277, 290 relationship with Savige, 78 Broadbent, Major-General John, 188, relieves Arnold Potts of command, 257, 323 184 Brooke, General Sir Alan, 56 reorganisation of Army, 1942, 165 Bruche, Major-General Julius, 165, retirement, 311 166 returns to Australia after capture of Australian Military Liasion Officer, Lae, 236 London, 57–61 role in capture of Finschhafen, 257 Chief of the General Staff, 61 sent to New Guinea, 175, 183 Brunei Bay, 289 strategy for 1945, 296 Bulldog Road, 224, 225, 228, 243

INDEX 387

Buna, 168, 169, 182, 185, 189, 214, Coral Sea, battle of, 166, 181 228, 229, 248, 264, 350 corps.See unit and formation list Japanese landing at, 168 Council of Defence, 48, 65 Burston, Major-General Sir Samuel Curtin, John, 65, 160, 175, 181, 211, on dismissal of Rowell, 183 277, 279, 285, 286, 294, 312 andreturnofAIFtoAustralia, Campbell, Major Ian, 92 159 Carpenter, Vice Admiral Arthur, 215, Cutler VC, Lieutenant Roden, 133, 234, 235, 249, 252, 253, 255 137, 150, 323 Chamberlin, Lieutenant-General Stephen, 174, 214, 230, 231, 249, Damour, 139 283, 284, 287, 288, 290, 300, battle of, 139–49 302 plan for capture, 142 Chief of Staff, GHQ SWPA, 230 Daniel, Rear-Admiral C.S., 215, 218, and Operation Postern, 230, 231, 255, 277 233 Darwin, 165, 272, 273, 277, 278, outsider at GHQ, 215 297, 321 relationship with Berryman, 211, Darwin Mobile Force, 67 215, 226, 228, 231, 232, 287, Dawkins, Lieutenant, William H, 17, 290, 301, 302 25 success in working with de Gaulle, Charles, 119 Australians, 235, 246 Defence, Department of 60, 64 Chauvel, General Henry (Harry), 48, Deputy Chief General Staff (DCGS), 49, 66 155, 168–78, 185–9, 193, 205, Chief of Staff, GHQ SWPA, 166, 168, 224, 239, 255, 257, 258 212, 215, 282 division.See list of units and Chief of the General Staff, 59, 168, formations 175, 186, 311, 312, 313, 315, 317, Dobodura air base, 204 322, 326 Dominion, 53, 57 Chiefs of Staff, 118, 272, 296 Drake-Brockman, Major-General Chiﬂey, Ben, 295 E.A., 71 declines Blamey’s recommendations Duntroon.See Royal Military College, for knighthoods, 313 Duntroon denies Berryman position of CGS, 312 Eastern Command, 313, 314, 315, dislike of Blamey, 276 316, 317 orders Berryman to use troops to Eather, Major-General Ken, 66, 173, break coal strike, 315 174, 175, 187, 205, 227 Churchill, Winston, 159 Egypt, 33, 79, 83, 116 citizen soldier, 62, 72 Eichelberger, General Robert, Coan Force, 239 190–207, 212, 279, 301 Col’s Ridge, 138, 151 32nd Division in New Guinea, Combined Chiefs of Staff, 160, 218, 190 272, 276 Elliott, Brigadier C.M.L., 276 Commander Royal Artillery, 77, 78, 101, 121, 255 Federal Locomotive Engine Drivers Commonwealth Army, 272, 273, 278, Union, 11 285 Federation, 52 Commonwealth Jubilee, 315, 321 Finschhafen Commonwealth Military Forces, 17, operation to capture 1943, 40, 52, 54, 119 249–55

388 INDEX

Finschhafen–Langemak Bay–Greger adopts Berryman’s plan for capture Harbour air base, 268 of Sanananda, 195 firepower assesment of Berryman, 6th Berryman’s use of in Huon Division, 78 Peninsula, 270 assesment of command in New change in use of, beachhead battles, Guinea, 1943, 255–7 192 at Bardia, 99–104 lack of in beachead battles, 190 blames NGF HQ for delay in lessons learned in SWPA, 293 reinforcing Finschhafen, 253 tactical use of in New Guinea, 203 at Buna, Gona and Sanananda use at Wau, 202 battles, 195–207 First World War, 2, 21, 23, 25, 44, command of I Aust Corps, 47, 52, 54, 55, 57, 59, 66, 98, 106, Operation Postern, 224, 243–57 210, 324 command New Guinea Force, Fisher, Andrew, 14 184 Fleay, Lieutenant-Colonel N.L., 200 command Northern Territory Forland.See Forward Echelon Adv Force, 165 LHQ commands NGF for drive on Forward Echelon Adv LHQ (Forland), Salamaua, 236–43 278–303, 325 danger of being sacked over Free French, 119, 120 Salamaua, 243 French Foreign Legion, 133 departs Adv NGF HQ, 196 Fuller, J.F.C., 56, 200 difficulties in coordination of assault on Finschhafen, 251 General Headquarters (SWPA), 4, ends Tubby Allen’s career, 185 167, 169, 171–8, 179, 182–90, importance of beachhead battles, 205, 208, 209, 210–23, 225, 257, 204 262, 272, 277–303, 325, 354 opens Adv NGF HQ at Ghormley, Admiral Robert, 184 Popondetta, 185 Godfrey, Brigadier Arthur, 94, 97, 98, and Operation Postern, 221–35, 99 239 Godley, General Sir Alexander, 17 plan with Kenney to take Hansa Gona, 169, 185, 189, 190, 205, 248 Bay rejected, 249 landing of Japanese troops, July relationship with 6th Division 1942, 182 officers 1940–41, 74–82 Goodenough Island, capture of, 179 relationship with Berryman Graziani, Marshal Rodolfo, 83 6th Division, 78, 80 Great Depression, 60, 67 at Lae, 247 Greece, 119, 120 Finchhafen, 253 Gullett, Sergeant Henry (Jo), 97 New Guinea, 206 Gwynn, Major General Sir C.W., 57 relationship with Savige at Salamaua, 236–7 Haig, Field Marshal Sir Douglas, 38 relationship with Tubby Allen Halsey, Admiral William, 219 6th Division, 81 Hamel, battle of, 41 New Guinea, 184 Harding, Major-General Edwin, relationship with Vasey, 6th 190 Division, 78 Harrison, Sir Eric, 315 and ‘revolt of the generals’, 1942, Herring, Lieutenant-General Sir 164 Edmund, 1, 111, 186, 188, 189, slow to react to Japanese 192, 195, 209, 213, 258 withdrawal at Lae, 247

INDEX 389

visits 3rd Division, June 1943, presses Herring to take Salamaua, 227 239 Hindenburg outpost line, 41 proposes plan to take Hansa Bay, Hocking, Joseph, 13, 14, 15 249 Hopkins, Major General Ronald relationship with Berryman, 211, on Rowell’s dismissal from NGF, 215, 229, 243, 301 183 threatens to withdraw aircraft from Hosking, Brigadier F, 238 New Guinea, 173 Khiam, 128, 129, 135 Imamura, General Hitoshi, 182, 185, Kitchener, Field Marshal Horatio 198, 216, 218, 265, 266 Herbert, 18 Imperial Conference, 1907, 52 Koe, Brigadier A.R.W.S., 277 Imperial General Staff, 53, 55, 59 Kokoda Trail, 5, 172, 182, 325 interwar army, 50, 51, 66 21st Brigade, 183 interwar period, 2, 48, 49, 55, 56, 59, Australian offensive, 174 61, 65, 76, 78, 324 Krueger, General Walter, 214, 265, Irving, Brigadier Ronald, 176, 186, 266, 283, 301 196 Labuan Island, 294 Japanese Army Lae, 163, 167, 199, 200, 204, 216, 2nd Area Army, 266 260, 266–70, 294, 298, 299, 301 8th Area Army, 185, 265 Lavarack, Lieutenant-General Sir 17th Army, 185 John, 71, 164 18th Army, 185, 266, 270 and 104th Howitzer Battery, 30 20th Division, 216, 260, 263, appointment to command 7th 268 Division, 74 51st Division, 218, 260 and Berryman’s plans for the assult 80th Infantry Regiment, 252 on Merdjayoun, 135 237th Infantry Regiment, Chief of the General Staff, 59, 64 252 as corps commander in ABDA, Java, 156–65, 168, 184, 287–99 157 Jerram, Colonel R.M., 89, 93, 99, decisions in Java, 160 104, 109, 111–14 extension of Staff Corps opinion of 6th Division HQ, commands, interwar period, 67 82 at Imperial Defence College, 59 Jezzine, 124–9, 138–44, 147, 150 moves after Vichy French Joint Chiefs of Staff (US), 167, 177, counter-attack, 127 181, 184, 218, 219, 226, 279, 283, opinion of Baxter-Cox, 121 285, 289, 290, 294, 296 plans for capture of Damour, Joint Overseas Operational Training 140 School, 178 rebuke by Minister of Defence, Jungle Warfare School (Canungra), 65 177, 205 relationship with Blamey, 1942, 168 Kanga Force, 167, 200, 202 Libyan Campaign, 76, 78, 114, 119 Kelly Gang, 135 Lingayen Gulf Kenney, General George, 171–5, 211, plan to use 9th Division at, 285 212, 215–19, 225–9, 234, 235, Litani Gorge, 131, 133 239, 243, 249, 253, 256, 301 Litani River, 127, 128, 129, 134 battle of Bismark Sea, 218 Lloyd, Major-General Charles Operation Postern, 234, 243 (Gaffer), 158, 161, 165

390 INDEX

MacArthur, General Douglas, 4, Macarthur-Onslow, Major-General 165–77, 181–90, 193, 198, 200, Denzil, 127, 129, 145, 146, 205, 203, 204, 208–35, 239, 243, 245, 323 249, 250, 252, 253, 255, 260, 265, Mackay, Lieutenant-General Sir Iven, 266, 270, 296, 301, 302, 307, 308, 1, 72, 156, 165, 166, 202, 205, 309 213, 312, 323 advance on Philippines, 279 appoinment to command 6th attitude towards Australian Army, Division, 74 212 assesment of 6th Division officers commends Berryman as GOC II at Bardia, 104 Corps, 268 commands Second Australian considers Berryman for taskforce Army, 165 command, 273 commands NGF, 200 criticises Australian troops in New GOC 6th Division, North Africa, Guinea, 211 75–84, 116 describes conditions in New GOC New Guinea Force, 250–7 Guinea, 189 relationship with Berryman, 75–6 estimation of Japanese forces on retains Berryman as GS01 for Luzon, 283 Bardia, 83 Finschhafen, 250, 252 Malaya, 157, 162 influence over Australian Malayan Emergency, 315 Government, 276, 286 Markham Valley, 219, 221, 222, 223, Operation Postern, 229, 232 245, 246, 249 opinion of Berryman, 273 Marshall, General George, 290 orders Eichelberger to take Buna or Marshall, Major-General Richard, not come back alive, 190 209, 212, 213, 229, 231, 278, 289 philosophy of command, 213, 214, Martin, Brigadier Clarence, 204 233, 235, 250, 255 Master General of the Ordnance, effect on planning operation 313 Postern, 234 Matilda tanks, 89, 93, 102 failure at Finschhafen, 253 See also 7th Royal Tank Regiment plans for SWPA 1942–43, Mattner, Senator Edward, 39, 331 218 McCarthy, Dudley (Official plans to use AIF in Borneo, Historian), 204, 211 286 McNicoll, Lieutenant Walter, 14 pressures Australians on Kokoda Melbourne High School, 12–17 Trail, 184 Menin Road, battle of, 36, 38 pressures Herring to take Menzies, Sir Robert, 71, 72, 73, 315, Salamaua, 239 321 recommends that Blamey be sent to Merauke Force, 178 Port Morsbey, 175 Merdjayoun, 119–44, 149–52, 155 rejects plans for Commonwealth Australian capture of, 11 June Army, 278 1941, 123 relationship with Blamey, 183, 211, Berryforce capture of, 139 212, 275, 276, 278 first Australian assault on, 121 staffatGHQ,213 importance to Australian advance, Supreme Commander SWPA, 165, 124, 126 181 Midway, battle of, 166, 181 under pressure in New Guinea, Milford, Major-General Edward, 27, 189 54, 164, 165, 239, 242, 277, 295, use of AIF in Borneo, 285, 289 298

INDEX 391

militia, Australian, 3, 18, 23, 47, 49, North Africa, 56, 76, 114, 247 55, 61, 65, 72, 78, 104, 115, 118, Northcott, Lieutenant-General Sir 167, 190, 195, 210, 221, 242, 322 John, 165, 168, 171, 210, 229, interwar period, 62, 63 311 Milne Bay, 169, 173, 179, 183, 186, Northern Territory Force, 177, 178, 188, 190, 200, 202, 223–30, 254 190 Monaghan, Brigadier Raymond, 127, 129, 145, 146, 147 O’Brien, Brigadier John, 123, 128, Monash, General Sir John, 41, 43, 72 129, 132, 323 Montgomery, Field Marshal Sir O’Connor, General Sir Richard, 101, Bernard, 56 111, 115 Morotai, 282, 295, 299–303, 307–10 GOC Western Desert Force (XIII Morshead, Lieutenant-General Sir Corps), 82–4 Leslie, 1, 62, 72, 76, 118, 208, 210, Staff College, Camberley, 56 226–8, 256, 267, 268, 278, 302, Oboe, operations, 287–99 310, 317, 321, 323 Official Histories GOC I Aust Corps, 1945, 289, 294 1st AIF, 33 GOC II Aust Corps, 221 2nd AIF, 106, 149, 206, 230 GOC New Guinea Force, 257–63, United States, Second World War, 266 234, 265 interwar period, 62, 63–4 Okabe, Major-General Turo, 200 MacArthur’s opinion of, 1944, 274 Okinawa, invasion of, 288 Moten, Lieutenant-General Murray, Operation Aparri, 282–5 200, 201, 202, 227, 323 Operation Cartwheel, 219, 220, 225, commander 17th Bde, Salamaua, 226, 228, 251, 266 237–43 Operation Chronicle, 226, 227, 228 Mouquet Farm, 29, 33 Operation Dexterity, 261–6 Operation Doublet, 230.SeeSalamaua Nakano, Lieutenant-General Operation Exporter, 117, 119, 120 Hidemitsu, 218 See also Syria, invasion of Navy, Australian.See Royal Australian Operation Love II.See Operation Navy Aparri Navy, British.See Royal Navy Operation Postern, 4, 213, 218, 219, Navy, United States.See Appari, 223, 224, 246, 255, 320, 325 Operation. See United States Navy Owen Stanley campaign.See Kokoda Netherlands East Indies, 157 Trail New Britain, 167, 177, 218, 219, 249, Owen Stanley Range, 168, 184, 185, 250, 253, 259–66, 279, 295, 296, 193, 205 298, 300, 302 New Guinea, 1, 2, 163, 165, 193, Pacific War, 2, 4, 204, 272, 286, 312, 282, 289–96, 300, 302, 309, 317, 323 323, 325 See also specific operations terrain, 189–90 Parkhill, Sir Archdale, 65 New Guinea Force (NGF), 183 Pearl Harbor, attack on, 156 New Guinea Force Headquarters Permanent Military Forces, 15, 27, (NGF HQ), 185–96, 224, 225, 44 226, 228, 235, 249, 251–60, 262 Philippines, 173, 181, 183, 211, 215, New Ireland, 167, 177 290, 297, 300, 301 New South Wales, 311, 315, 321 Polygon Wood, 37, 38 Royal Agricultural Society, 317 Port Moresby, 165–9, 175, 179–80, War Widows Guild, 316 189, 199–206, 224, 228, 229, 232, Nimitz, Admiral Chester, 283, 290 239–45, 246, 251, 257, 258, 263

392 INDEX

Porter, Major-General Selywn, 205, Royal Australian Air Force, 291, 295, 268, 323 301, 317 CO 2/31st Bn, Syria, 121–5 Royal Australian Navy, 92, 301 Pozieres,` 29, 33 Royal Military College (RMC), Prime Minister.See individuals e.g. Duntroon, 17, 20, 22 Curtin, John elitism at, 21 graduates in First World War, 44 Queen Elizabeth II, 315 hazing, 18 Royal Navy, 56, 92 RAAF.See Royal Australian Air Force Royal Tank Regiment, 82, 86, 109 Ramu Valley, 249, 259 Royal Tour, 1952, 315, 316, 321 RAN.See Royal Australian Navy Royle, Vice-Admiral Sir Guy, 277 regiment.See list of units and Ryrie, Major-General Granville, 57 formations Regular Defence Forces Welfare Saidor.See Operation Dexterity Association, 315 Salamaua, 163, 167, 199, 200, 204, Remembrance Driveway, 315 215–25, 230, 236–43, 245, 256 revolt of the generals, 164 raid by 2/5th Independent Richardson, General Robert C Company, 200 report on US Army in Australia, Sanananda, 182, 185, 189–200, 204, 1942, 209–11 205, 248 Roach, Lieutenant-Colonel Len, 74 Sandakan, 289 Robertson, Lieutenant-General Sir Sarangani Horace, 49, 50, 53, 78, 81, 98, plan to land I Australian Corps at, 99–112, 116, 157, 210, 321, 322, 284 336, 351 Savige, Lieutenant General Sir Stanley, commands 19th Brigade, 78–82, 1, 75, 78–82, 92–106, 110–16, 99–103 118, 140, 144–9, 165, 170, 210, Tobruk, 108–14 222, 223, 247, 258, 266, 267, 298, disagreement with Savige at Bardia, 313, 321, 322, 323 102 assessment of, Syria, 148 plan to appoint as C-in-C, 1942, at Bardia, 95, 102, 103–4 164 GOC 3rd Division, 165 support for Berryman as CGS, 312 promotion in interwar period, 66 Rommel, Field Marshal Erwin, 119 relationship with Berryman, 115, Rowell, Lieutenant-General Sydney, 148 50, 56, 71 relationship with Herring at appointment as Deputy Chief of the Salamaua, 236–7 General Staff, 155 relationship with Staff Corps, 67, as BGS, I Corps, 74 78, 104 command of I Corps in New Scots Greys, 120, 127, 129 Guinea, 182 Second World War, 1, 3, 15, 47, 56, commands I Corps, 165 59, 63, 66, 84, 204, 210, 213, 271, opinion of Berryman, 68 315, 318, 320, 322, 324, 326 replaced by Blamey, 183 Shedden, Frederick, 64, 65, 276, 285, at Royal Military College, 17 287, 297 Staff College, 55 shell ﬁre, 107 Royal Agricultural Society (NSW), Sidi Barrani, 83, 84, 114 317, 321 Singapore, 157, 158, 159, 165, 181, Royal Air Force, 56, 92 272 Royal Artillery College, Woolwich, 50 surrenders to the Japanese, 159

INDEX 393

Singapore Strategy, 48, 64, 68, 162 lack of air superiority for invasion, South East Asia Command, 285, 300 120 South Pacific, 218, 219 plans for invasion of, 1941, 120 South West Pacific Area (SWPA), 2, 4, Vichy French counter attack, 126 170, 178, 181, 200, 205, 208–19, 234, 236, 245, 249, 254, 255, 266, Tarakan, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 274, 278, 279, 281, 282, 286, 287, 293, 294 288, 289, 290, 295, 299–303, 309, Timor, 176, 178, 195 317, 325 Tobruk, 1, 2, 4, 79, 86, 88, 101, Spender, Percy, 115 105–16, 120, 148, 170, 317, Squires, Major-General E.K., 66 340 Staff College, Camberley, 2, 51–60, analysis of victory, 1941, 114–16 85 battle of, 1941, 106–13 instuctional staff, 56 Berryman’s plans for capture of, Staff College, Quetta, 53, 54, 85 1941, 107 Staff Corps, 1–5, 18, 48, 49–55, 61, Italian defences, 1941, 107 62, 103, 104, 117, 118, 162, 163, Toddforce, 127 170, 176, 242, 322, 323 see also Scots Greys, conditions and pay, 1919–39, 49 Travers, Captain Basil, 82, 97 lack of opportunities, interwar observations of 6th Division HQ, period, 62 107 Menzies gives command to militia Trumble, Thomas, 60 officers, 72 Tuguegarao, 282 Staff Corps/militia conflict AIF commands given to militia ULTRA officers, 73 intelligence, 215, 270, 274, 282 interwar period, 62, 66–7 United States Army Stevens, Major-General Jack, 124, 2nd Engineer Amphibious Brigade 138–45, 155, 164, 165, 298, 323 (2ESB), 223 assessment of Berryman, 142 2nd Engineering Special Brigade disagrees with Berryman at (2ESB), 221 Damour, 140 5th Air Force, 171, 202, 213, 232, views on Berryman’s lectures on 234, 236, 239, 246, 253 Bardia and Tobruk, 118 Berryman’s relationship with, Sturdee, Lieutenant-General Sir 1943, 215 Vernon, 59, 64, 67, 160, 162, 165, role in Operation Postern, 221–8, 210, 294, 311, 312, 313, 315 229 and Berryman’s plans for Bardia, 32nd Infantry Division, 167, 185, 90 193, 195, 200, 204, 206, 211, Director of Military Operations 264, 265, 266 and Intelligence, 64 advance against Sanananda, GOC First Australian Army, 190 297–303 41st Infantry Division, 167, 192, Sutherland, General Richard, 162, 200, 211, 226, 227, 229, 236, 166, 168, 173, 174, 211, 215, 218, 239, 241, 266 227–34, 255, 284, 285, 301 126th Infantry Regiment, 193, Syria, 2, 5, 76, 118–28, 141–50, 156, 204 167, 170, 184, 206, 227, 240, 247, 163rd Infantry Regiment, 199 317, 323, 376 Eighth Army, 279, 287 assumptions for invasion, 119 Sixth Army, 219, 227, 249, 251, invasion of, 121–52 259, 264, 265, 266, 283

394 INDEX

United States Marine Corps counter-attack in Syria, 126, 127 plans for airstrip on northern forces for defence of Syria, 120 Luzon, 282 surrender in Syria, 149 United States Navy, 181, 257, 263, Victoria Barracks (Melbourne), 50, 268, 289, 295 164, 165, 277, 310, 311 4th Amphibious Force Victoria Barracks (Sydney), 50, 313 landing of 26th Brigade at Victorian railway strike 1903, 11 Tarakan, 292 Vitiaz Strait, 200, 219 7th Amphibious Command, 218 7th Amphibious Fleet, 214, 250 Wackett, Sir Lawrence, 19, 21, 22, 23, 7th Amphibious Force, 213, 215, 24, 25 223 War Cabinet, 160, 162, 164, 165, at Finschhafen, 249–55 175, 176, 180 planning in Operation Postern, War Ofﬁce (UK), 53, 58, 59, 60 225–30 Warren Force, 190 USS Missouri Wavell, General Sir Archibald, 83, 84, and surrender of Japan, 308 115, 119, 120, 139, 157, 158, 160, 161 Vasey, Major-General George, 1, 27, Supreme Commander, ABDA, 157 50, 54, 85, 106, 110, 113, 115, West Point, United States Military 157, 165, 168, 171, 172, 173, 210, Academy, 17 225, 227, 228, 232, 235, 243, 246, Western Desert Force, 56, 83, 85, 106 247, 248, 257, 259, 260, 321 Western Front, 26, 29, 32, 35, 40, 42 assessment of American soldiers, Wharfe, Lieutenant-Colonel, G.R., 210 202 assessment of Savige, 1941, 104, Whipp, Muriel, 51, 324 115 See also Berryman, Muriel departs Middle East for Australia, Willoughby, Major-General Charles, 157 168, 215, 250, 251 Deputy Chief General Staff Wills, Colonel Kenneth, 157, 168, (DCGS), 210 173, 246 GOC 6th Division, 171 intelligence appreciation, I GOC 7th Division Australian Corps Java, 157 Buna, Gona, Sanananda, 190–207 Wilson, General Sir Maitland opinion of 6th Division ofﬁcers, 78 (Jumbo), 120 opinion of Savige after Bardia, 111 Wilton, General Sir John, 118, 122–7, relationship with Berryman, 168 140, 227, 237–43, 281, 322 6th Division 1940–41, 77–8 at Jezzine with Berryman, 125 beachhead battles, 192, 197, 203, BMRA, 7th Division, 118 206 Chief of Staff, 151 relationship with GHQ as DCGS, opinion of Berryman, 118 173 Wimberley, Major-General Douglas, relationships 6th Division, 56 1940–41, 74–82 Windeyer, Major-General Victor, 252, replaced as DCGS, 169 267, 323 and ‘revolt of the generals’, 1942, Wisdom, Brigadier Evan Alexander, 164 31, 33, 42, 165 at RMC, 24 Wootten, Major-General Sir George, Vichy French, 5, 119–28, 134, 135, 1, 190–9, 227–35, 243, 247, 248, 140, 145, 146, 149, 150 261, 262, 263, 267, 294, 313 artillery at Damour, 144 commander 18th Brigade, 190–8

INDEX 395

planning Operation Postern, World War, Second.See Second World 227–35 War rift with Berryman, 261, 267 Wynter, Lieutenant-General Henry, slow to respond to Japanese 59, 64–8, 162, 165 withdrawal at Lae, 248 World War, First.See First World Yamashita, General Tomoyuki, 283 War Ypres, battleﬁeld, 38