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Operational Improvements at Traffic Circles

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Operational Improvements at Traffic Circles FHWA-NJ-2008-012 Operational Improvements at Traffic Circles FINAL REPORT December 2008 Submitted by Kaan Ozbay, Ph.D. Bekir Bartin, Ph.D. Neha Rathi Rutgers University Rutgers University Rutgers University George F. List, Ph.D., P.E. Alixandra Demers, M.S.E., E.I.T. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Jeffrey Wojtowicz, M.S., E.I.T. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute NJDOT Research Project Manager Vincent F. Nichadowicz In cooperation with New Jersey Department of Transportation Division of Research and Technology and U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration DISCLAIMER STATEMENT “The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors who are responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of the New Jersey Department of Transportation or the Federal Highway Administration. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation.” TECHNICAL REPORT STANDARD TITLE PAGE 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient’s Catalog No. FHWA-NJ-2008-012 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date Operational Improvements at Traffic Circles December 2008 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. Kaan Ozbay, Bekir Bartin, Neha Rathi, George List, Alixandra Demers, Jeffrey Wojtowicz 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. Rutgers University CITS / Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Piscataway, New Jersey Albany, New York 11. Contract or Grant No. 13. Type of Report and Period Covered 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address Final Report New Jersey Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration PO 600 U.S. Department of Transportation Trenton, NJ 08625 Washington, D.C. 14. Sponsoring Agency Code 15. Supplementary Notes 16. Abstract This study deals with the development of a credible and valid simulation model of the Collingwood, Brooklawn, and Asbury traffic circles in New Jersey. These simulation models are used to evaluate various geometric and operational improvement alte rnatives. An extensive review of the available simulation packages is presented. PARAMICS microscopic simulation software was selected due to its capability of modeling and simulating complex roadway structures and driver behavior. The simulation models of these circles were developed using PARAMICS. These models were validated and calibrated using the extensive field data collected as part of this project. The specifics of the collected data, and the extraction procedure are also explained in the report. The development of the simulation models and the validation and calibration steps are presented in detail. The study observed that the efficiency of these traffic circles is directly related to the gap acceptance/rejection of vehicles at yield-controlled or stop-controlled intersections, and the interarrival time of vehicles at the approaches. Therefore, at each selected location, gap acceptance/rejection models are developed based on the extracted data. The Application Programming Interface (API) of PARAMICS is used to incorporate site specific gap acceptance/rejection models. Also, to model realistic interarrival times at the approaches, the traffic signals at the vicinity of the circles are modeled using actual signal timing parameters. 17. Key Words 18. Distribution Statement Simulation, Traffic Circles, Roundabouts, PARAMICS, Simulation Network Modeling, Statistics 19. Security Classif (of this report) 20. Security Classif. (of this page) 21. No of Pages 22. Price Unclassified Unclassified 101 Form DOT F 1700.7 (8-69) TABLE OF CONTENTS Page EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................ 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 3 BACKGROUND AND LITERATURE REVIEW .............................................................. 4 Background ................................................................................................................ 4 Literature Review ....................................................................................................... 9 Review of Traffic Simulation Packages ................................................................. 13 MICROSCOPIC SIMULATION APPROACH ................................................................ 29 Model Verification .................................................................................................... 29 Model Validation and Calibration ........................................................................... 29 Output Analysis ....................................................................................................... 30 SIMULATION MODEL DEVELOPMENT IN PARAMICS ............................................. 31 Collingwood Circle .................................................................................................. 32 Brooklawn Circle ..................................................................................................... 52 Asbury Circle ........................................................................................................... 67 CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................................ 81 REFERENCES .............................................................................................................. 85 APPENDIX- THE 2 K FACTORIAL DESIGN .................................................................. 89 ii LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 1. Conflict points of a four-way intersection and a modern roundabout (19) 6 Figure 2. Simulation model of current design .......................................................... 32 Figure 3. Simulation model of proposed design ...................................................... 33 Figure 4. Portable tower video surveillance system (POGO) .................................. 34 Figure 5. Aerial photo of the Brooklawn Circle ........................................................ 52 Figure 6. Alternative 2B – Creek road connection (4) ................................................ 56 Figure 7. Brooklawn simulation model developed in PARAMICS ........................... 56 Figure 8. Locations of traffic signals around Brooklawn circle .............................. 58 Figure 9. Histogram of gap rejection data at location 2 ........................................... 60 Figure 10. Aerial photograph of Asbury circle ......................................................... 68 Figure 11. Aerial photograph of location 3 ............................................................... 69 Figure 12. Aerial photograph of location 4 ............................................................... 69 Figure 13. Aerial photograph of location 5 ............................................................... 69 Figure 14. Aerial photographs of location 1 ............................................................. 70 Figure 15. Asbury circle simulation model developed in PARAMICS .................... 72 iii LIST OF TABLES Page Table 1. Distinct features of roundabouts and traffic circles (20) ............................... 5 Table 2. Advantages and disadvantages of roundabouts (20) .................................... 7 Table 3. The entry capacity equations considered in various studies ................... 11 Table 4. Summary of capacity models used in different countries ......................... 12 Table 5. Software packages for traffic simulation .................................................... 14 Table 6. Chi-Square test of gap rejection data ......................................................... 37 Table 7. Simulated and observed system data between 7 a.m. and 9 a.m. ............ 39 Table 8. Simulated and observed system data between 3 p.m. and 5 p.m. ............ 39 Table 9. Average network travel time results ........................................................... 40 Table 10. Design matrix for a 2 3 factorial design – current design a.m. period ..... 41 Table 11. Design Matrix for a 2 3 factorial design – current design p.m. period ..... 42 Table 12. 2 4 factorial design matrix for the proposed design a.m. period ............. 42 Table 13. 2 4 factorial design matrix for the proposed design p.m. period ............. 43 Table 14. Decision criteria and units ......................................................................... 47 Table 15. Weights of importance for each criterion ................................................. 47 Table 16. Total and weighted normalized score matrices ....................................... 51 Table 17. East Circle Accident Summary (4) .............................................................. 53 Table 18. West circle accident summary (4) ............................................................... 54 Table 19. Traffic volumes in 2000 (4) .......................................................................... 54 Table 20. Chi-Square test of gap rejection data ....................................................... 60 Table 21. Simulated and observed system data between 7 a.m. and 9 a.m. .......... 62 Table 22. Simulated and observed system data between 3:30 p.m. and 5:30 p.m. 63 Table 23. Comparison of average network travel times ........................................... 63 Table 24. 2 4 factorial design matrix for current design a.m. period .......................
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