CAKE AND COCKHORSE Banbury Historical Society Spring 1974 BANBURY HISTORICAL SOCIETY President: The Lord Saye and Sele Chairman and Magazine Editor: F. Willy, B.A., Raymond House, Bloxham School, Banbury Hon. Secretary : Assistant Secretary Hon. Treasurer: Miss C.G. Bloxham, B.A. and Records Series Editor: Dr. G.E. Gardam Banbury Museum J.S.W. Gibson, F.S.A. 11 Denbigh Close Marlborough Road 11 Westgate Broughton Road Banbury OX 16 8DF Chichester PO19 3ET Banbury OX16 OBQ (Tel. Banbury 2282) (Chichester 84048) (Tel. Banbury 2841) Hon. Research Adviser: Hon. Archaeological Adviser: E.R.C. Brinkworth,M.A., F.R.Hist.S. J.H. Fearon, B.Sc. Committee Members J.B. Barbour, A. Donaldson, J.F. Roberts ************** The Society was founded in 1957 to encourage interest in the history of the town of Banbury and neighbouring parts of Oxfordshire, Northamptonshire and Warwickshire. The Magazine Cake & Cockhorse is issued to members three times a year. This includes illustrated articles based on original local historical research, as well as recording the Society’s activities. Publications include Old Banbury - a short popular history by E.R.C. Brinkworth (2nd edition), New Light on Banbur.v’s Crosses, Roman Banburyshire, Banbury’s Poor in 1850, Banbury Castle - a summary of excavations in 1972, The Building and Furnishing of St. Mary’s Church, Banbury, and Sanderson Miller of Radway and his work at Wroxton, and a pamphlet History of Banbury Cross. The Society also publishes records volumes. These have included Clockmaking in Oxfordshire, 1400- 18.50; South Newington Churchwardens’ Accounts 1553-1 684; Banbury Marriage Register, 1558-1837 (3 parts) and Baptism and Burial Register, 1558-1723 (2 parts); A Victorian M.P. and his Constituents: The Correspondence of H. W. Tancred, 1841 - 1850; a new edition of Shoemaker’s Window; and Wiggin ton Constables’ Books, 1691 - 1836. Banbury Wills and Inventories, 1591 -1650, Bodicote Churchwardens’ Accounts, 1700- 1822 and Banbury Politics, 1830-1880 are all well advanced. Meetings are held during the autumn and winter, normally at 7.30 p.m. in the Large Lecture Theatre, Banbury Upper School. Talks on general and local archaeological, historical and architectural subjects are given by invited lecturers. In the summer, excursions to local country houses and churches are arranged. Archaeological excavations and special exhibitions are arranged from time to time. Membership of the society is open to all, no proposer or seconder being needed. The annual subscription is 23.00 including any records volumes published, or 21.50 if these are excluded. Junior membership is 50p. Application forms can be obtained from the Hon. Secretary or the Hon. Treasurer. 141 CAKE AND COCKHORSE The magazine of the Banbury Historical Society. Issued to members three times a year. Volume Five Number Eight Spring 1974 NEWS Society Activities 142 Kirsty Rodwell Banbury Castle 142 AS THEY SAW IT J. S. W. Gibson Travellers’ Tales, Pt. 2 143 BOOK REVIEWS Victoria County History, Banbury Hundred G. J. Fothergill Banbury 156 D. G. Loveday Cropredy 159 F. D. Price Swalcliffe 160 Christine Bloxham Working the Halls 16 1 Britain’s Inland Waterways 16 1 E. R. Stevenson Oxfordshire. A Handbook for Students of History 162 J. S. W. Gibson Perspectives in English Urban History 162 Warwickshire in I790 163 In Honour of Shakespeare 163 Northamptonshire Past and Present. 1974 164 EXHIBITION J. F. Roberts ‘Banburv-A Victorian ScraDbook’ 164 The current economic situation, and the petrol shortage in particular, has led many people to think again about their holidays. For most people, up to about 1950, a holiday meant a week or two by a British beach, with all the hazards of the weather, the food and so on, included. Then the trek to the Continent began in earnest, as people became better off, and British holidaymakers were seen at least as far afield as North Africa and the Indian Ocean. Thus, over the last twenty years, our knowledge of Western Europe has grown and we have come to know less and less about our own country; television has redressed the balance to some extent, but its impression is necessarily less immediate than that provided by a personal visit. Now, with the costs of foreign travel rising beyond the means of some who previously enjoyed it, many are thinking of taking a holiday in a part of Britain unknown to them. These thoughts on travelling about Britain are prompted by Jeremy Gibson’s article ‘Travellers’ Tales’, the second part of which is published in this issue. From Leland onwards, these inquisitive men (and women) jogged or bumped from town to town, taking in mansions and spas, fairs and prehistoric monuments on the way, and then scribbling down their impres- sions each night in their diaries. Similarly, today, some families make a special point of keeping a detailed diary of each of their holidays, with drawings, photos. and ticket stubs supplement- ing the careful accounts of each day, written up in the hotel lounge after dinner. These diaries will, in time, become an invaluable record of the face of Britain and Europe in the twentieth century-and of the attitudes and assumptions of British travellers today. However, though you can see more of the countryside from the back of a horse than from the car-seat, we are able to travel with a keener eye than our predecessors. This is because of developments in British local historical studies in our time. W. G. Hoskins’ works have caused us to look at landscapes with a new insight into the stages of their creation, so that we can now appreciate that, in Hoskins’ words, ‘the English landscape is the richest historical record we possess’. Much of England is still unknown and unexplored, to most of us. Fuller’s words still apply: ‘Know most of the rooms of thy native country before thou goest over the threshold thereof. Especially seeing England presents thee with so many observables.’ Our cover: shows the ‘sweet little chapel at Steane’ visited by Horace Walpole in 1753, which still stands in the grounds of Steane Park. 142 SOCIETY NEWS AND ACTIVITIES Talks this year have already been heard on ‘The Banbury Gas Industry’ by Mr. G. C. J. Hartland and on ‘The Mordaunt Papers’ by Lady Elizabeth Hamilton. Thursday, 4th April. Barrie Trinder will talk on ‘The Impact of the Railways on Victorian Banbury’. Before the coming of the railways the only methods of long distance travel and transport were by canal and road, so the rapid transportation allowed by the railways induced profound changes in the way of life. Thursday, 25th April. Village meeting at Sibford, in the village hall. Leslie Baily, the broad- caster, who is doing research for a history of Sibford, will tell us about the village, and Geoffrey Forsyth Lawson will comment on the architecture, illustrated with slides. From 1st March on. An exhibition in Banbury Museum, ‘Banbury Borough-Past and Present’. The Victorian Scrapbook exhibition is still on show in the main gallery, and a catalogue has been published in conjunction with this, price 12p. It contains background information on Victorian Banbury including sections on Banbury Cakes, plush, fairs and markets, Sir Bernhard Samuelson and Banbury Cross. Available at the Museum. Saturday, 29th June. Annual General Meeting, at Canons Ashby House, by kind permission of Mr. Louis Osman. A History of Sibford For some time Leslie Baily has been preparing a history of the Sibford area, with Barrie Trinder as research consultant. They would be glad to hear from anyone who has unpublished material that may have escaped their notice. The Sibford villages together with the Friends’ School are the centre of the embryo book’s field, but it will also trace historical connections with other places (Hook Norton, Brailes, Compton Wynyates, the villages between Sibford and Banbury, etc.). Leslie Baily, who was a pupil at the Friends’ School and lived at Sibford Gower after the last war, is spending extensive periods on fieldwork in the area. His present address is 29 Saxon Way, Saffron Walden, Essex. Banbury Castle For the past three months the Oxfordshire Archaeological Unit has been excavating on the site of Banbury castle prior to its redevelopment as a shopping centre. Much has been learnt about the plan of the castle, which was formerly known only from a seventeenth-century estate map, hut excavations have confirmed that it consisted of two roughly rectangular concentric enclo- sures defined by ditches over 30 feet wide and in excess of 20 feet deep. The demolition after the civil war appears to have been very thorough. As a result the curtain wall in the outer bailey survived only as a foundation trench fdl of seventeenth-century rubbish, which included items like scissors, thimbles, buckles, window lead and glass, musket- balls and a cannon ball, as well as large quantities of pottery. A large square tower which formed the western half of the castle gate had received similar treatment. The most unexpected discovery was a small rectangular stone building which was found in the south-western corner of the castle. At some time in the medieval period it had been buried in the outer bank and consequently the walls stood over 4 feet high in places. It had an earth floor; a doorway in the east wall led out to a yard and on the western side a second doorway, with dressed stone jambs, gave access to a garderobe chamber equipped with a stone-lined pit. Little pottery was associated with this building but it must certainly date to the thirteenth century and is possibly earlier, making it one of the oldest buildings yet found in Banbury.