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Bedfordshire Archives Berkshire Record Office Birmingham Archives Bodleian Library, Oxford Bristol Record Office Bristol University Library British Library, Additional Manuscripts Cheshire Archives Coventry City Archives Cumbria Archives, Carlisle Devon County Record Office Essex Record Office Gloucestershire Archives Hampshire Archives Herefordshire County Record Office Hertfordshire Archives and Local Studies Huntingdonshire Archives Kent History Centre

Lancashire Archives Lichfield Joint Record Office Lincolnshire Archives Liverpool Record Office London Metropolitan Archives Magdalen College, Oxford, Archives Manchester Royal Infirmary Archives Norfolk County Record Office Nottinghamshire Archives Royal College of Physicians Archives Shakespeare Birthplace Trust Shropshire Archives Somerset Heritage Centre Staffordshire County Record Office Surrey History Centre The National Archives Warwickshire County Record Office Westminster Archives Wiltshire and Swindon History Centre York City Archives

Acts of Parliament 1774. 14 Geo. III. Cap. XLIX. An Act for Regulating Madhouses.

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Robinson, Elizabeth, Lost Hackney (London: Hackney Society, 1989). Roe, Nicholas, English Romantic Writers and the West Country (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010). Schmidt, Jeremy, Melancholy and the Care of the Soul: Religion, Moral Philosophy and Madness in Early Modern England (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2007). Scull, Andrew, The Most Solitary of Afflictions: Madness and Society in Britain, 1700–1900 (London and New Haven: Yale University Press, 1993). Scull, Andrew, Charlotte MacKenzie and Nicholas Hervey, Masters of Bedlam: The Transformation of the Mad-Doctoring Trade (Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1996). Smith, Leonard, ‘Cure, Comfort and Safe Custody’: Public Lunatic Asylums in Early Nineteenth-Century England (London: Leicester University Press, 1999). Smith, Leonard, Lunatic Hospitals in Georgian England, 1750–1830 (Abingdon: Routledge, 2007). Stott, Anne, Hannah More: The First Victorian (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003). Suzuki, Akihito, Madness at Home: The Psychiatrist, the Patient, and the Family in England, 1820–1860 (London and Berkeley: University of California Press, 2006). Thompson, E.P., The Making of the English Working Class (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1968). Waddington, Ivan, The Medical Profession in the Industrial Revolution (Dublin: Gill and Macmillan, 1984). Watson, Isobel, Hackney and Stoke Newington Past; A Visual History of Hackney and Stoke Newington (London: Historical Publications, 1998).

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Online Resources

The National Archives, Currency Converter, 1270–2017. General Index1

A Advertisements, 23–24, 26, 27, 29, Abuses, 2, 9, 12, 25, 89–92, 245–252, 32, 46–48, 57, 60, 61, 71n8, 257–263, 278, 279 92–94, 101, 104, 105, 188, Acts of parliament 190–192, 211, 215, 240 1714, Vagrancy Act, 278 Agar, Joseph, 98 1744, Vagrancy Act, 278 Airing courts, 101, 161, 248 1774, Regulation of Madhouses Alderson, Dr. John, 117, 181, Act, 8–10, 45, 90–92, 99, 118, 188, 219 135, 153, 154, 239, 241, 251, Allen, Dr. Thomas, 26, 28, 46, 179, 257, 259, 278 183, 245, 260 1808, County Asylums Act, Allwright, Joseph, 49, 94, 179, 256 89, 92, 239 Alsop, Vincent, 25 Adams, C, 29 America, 143, 217 Addington, Dr. Anthony, 60, 175, Andrews, Jonathan, 5, 90, 180, 183, 181, 184 207, 250, 253, 256 Admissions, 11, 21, 46, 58, 90, Ankers, Mrs S., 61, 115 100, 103–108, 113–117, Annandale, Jess, 95 135, 136, 139, 143, 162, Apothecaries, 47–48, 61, 64, 91, 99, 192, 193 103, 105, 112, 148, 178–180, certificates, 116, 153, 154, 183, 188, 192, 213, 243, 251, 254 251, 268n91 See also Surgeon-apothecaries

1 Note: Page numbers followed by ‘n’ refer to notes.

Archbishop of Canterbury, 179 Beckwith, Dr., 117 Archer, John, 23–24, 179, 214 Bedfordshire, 22, 61, 142, 154 Arnold, Dr. Thomas, 6, 63, 107–112, Beechy, Sir William, 151, 168n92 130n194, 143, 145, 152, 156, Beevor, Dr. John, 47, 63, 106, 181, 157, 159, 175, 181, 187, 186, 240 208–214, 217–219, 222–223, Belcher, William, 245, 261 225, 226, 263 Belgium, 217 Arnold, Robert, 63 Berkshire, 142 Arnold, William, 63 Best, Dr. Charles, 117 Ascendancy, 217, 221 Bethlem, see Lunatic hospitals Ashbourne, 64 Bignall, William, 98 Ashburne, Mrs. Abigail, Bilston, 67–68, 113 33–34, 62, 183 Birmingham, 113, 114, 145, 176, 177 Ashburne, Rev. John, 6, 33–35, 62, Bishops Stortford, 106 174, 179, 191 Blair, Patrick, 215 Ashton-under-Lyne, 69 Blount, Dr., 114 Assender, Joseph, 56 Blunt, John, 108, 112, 130n209, 157, Aston, Elizabeth, 28 181, 190, 208–211 Attendants, see Keepers Bolingbroke, Lord, 93 Authority, 11, 209, 211, 220, 226 Bombay, 8 Aylesbury, 106, 156 Borman, Allen, 98 Borman, Mrs. Rachel, 98, 123n80 Boswell, James, 117, 259 B Boswell, John, 117, 259 Backhouse, James, 117 Bradley, Thomas, 93 Bakewell, Samuel, 112 Brandreth, Dr. Joseph Pilkington, 116 Bakewell, Thomas, 6, 113, 135, 143, Bridewell, 27 152, 155, 161, 177, 181, 191, Bridgen, John, 99, 180, 213 208, 212, 215, 219–221, Bridgwater, 153, 156 223–225, 227, 241–243 Bristol, 6, 32, 58, 59, 100–101, 104, Baldwin, Thomas, 106, 128n169 141–143, 149, 153, 187–188, Balmes House, 56 223, 253 Banks Ferrand, 95 Infirmary, 101 Bardsley, Dr., 116 St Peter’s Hospital, 100, 149 Bastable, Mary, 93 Bromley and Jaques, Messrs, 95 Bath, 32, 101, 143 Brothers, Richard, 95, 150, 151, 160, Battie, Dr. William, 47, 51–53, 95, 184, 261, 262 119n13, 157, 175, 180, 183, Brown, Richard, 61, 104, 105, 184, 194, 208, 209, 211–214, 142, 190 220, 256, 276 Browne, Dr. Charles, 61, 176 Beal, Jane, 117 Bruckshaw, Samuel, 69, 115, 155, Beal, John, 117, 181 218, 241, 245, 257, 261 GENERAL INDEX 307

Buckinghamshire, 61, 62, 139, 142, Chew family, 136, 143, 181, 256 155, 176, 251 Abraham (various), 116, 142, 155, Bucknall, William, 49, 50, 63 156, 158, 175, 192, 241 Burman, Thomas, 112, 130n204, 136, Dr. James, 68, 116, 118, 143, 175, 181, 190 133n258, 246 Burrow, George William, 98, 123n82, Miss, 246 145, 147, 176, 183, Mrs Jane, 116 219, 247–248 Chippenham, 253 Burrow, John, 98 Chorley, 155 Burrow, Mrs. Esther (or Hester), 98, Christchurch, 213 145, 176, 183, 194, Clapton, 46 247–248, 257 Clarendon and Rochester, Earl of, 50 Burrows, Dr. George Man, 93, Clarke, John, 54, 98, 124n85 123n82, 180 Clarke, William, 52, 255, 256 Burton, Robert, 20 Classification, 101, 104, 226, 242, Bury St Edmunds, 33 247, 248 Clerkenwell, 24 Coleridge, Samuel, 152 C College of Physicians, 51, 90–91, 93, Calcutta, 8 94, 100, 117, 120n18, 135, 183, Cambridge, 143, 151, 152 244, 246, 254, 256, 278 Carkesse, James, 2, 26, 245, 260 commissioners, 90, 91, 135, 244, Carlisle, 158 248, 261 Carpenter, Peter, 6 Collins, William, 51 Carpenter, Sarah, 100 Collinson, George, 145 Carter, Dr., 7, 22, 146, 216, 223–224 Conolly, John, 207 Carter, Mrs., 223 Conveyance, 136, 154–156, 163 Casey, Stephen, 99 Cope, Mrs, 245, 257 Cells, 101, 161, 243, 246, 250, 253 Cope, Robert, 54, 98, 144, 157, Chadwick, George, 64, 67, 112, 245, 257 136–139, 142, 175, 242, Cope, Robert junior, 54 247, 266n27 Cope, Sir John, 51 Chadwick, John, 64, 112, 113, 191 Cornwall, 58, 144, 252 Chaises, 155, 156 Cotes, Mr., 114 Chains, see Mechanical restraint Cotes, Mrs. Anna (or Hannah), 98 Chancery, Court of, 151, 180, Cotes, Samuel, 98 278, 279 Cotton, Dr. Nathaniel, 62, 106, 148, Changeling, The, 21 153, 160, 175, 181, 184, 185, Chawner, Rev., 258 224, 227 Chelsea, 10, 29, 50 Country Register, 100, 107, 108, Cheshire, 143 113–117, 135–136, 139–141, Chester, 8, 115, 142 143, 181 308 GENERAL INDEX

Coventry, 142 Devon, 31, 57–58, 141, 174, 179, 208 Cowper, William, 62, 148, 153, 160, Dorset, 58 223, 227 Dublin, 8, 94 Cox, Dr. Joseph Mason, 6, 100–101, Duck, James, 104 118, 135, 136, 143, 148, 152, Duck, Nehemiah, 104 161, 181, 187, 208–226, 240, Duffield, Michael (various), 50–51, 247, 263 93, 141, 168n94, 175, 180, Cox, Elizabeth, 100, 177 199n83, 212, 255, 259–261, Cox, John, 100, 177 269n111, 277 Craven, Jane, 98, 124n86 Duke of Kent, 94 Crawley, Dr. Thomas, 61, 62, 181, Duke of Sussex, 94 184–185, 212, 216, 222 Dunston, Thomas, 120n18, Crib beds, 248 192, 205n166 Critics, 12, 250, 264, 279 Durham, 142, 144, 158 Crook, William, 103 D’Vebre, Mrs. Deborah, 51, 254 Crooke, Dr. Helkiah, 7, 21–22, 46, 146, 154, 174, 183 Cruden, Alexander, 51, 53, 54, 155, E 156, 161, 211, 214, 216, 218, East Anglia, 29, 34, 62, 143 224–226, 260–261 East Midlands, 107, 143 Cumberland, 142, 158, 175 Ebden, John, 106, 181 Currie, Dr. James, 215 Edinburgh, 8 Curtoys, Charles, 102, 181 Edinburgh University, 63, 100, 101, 133n258, 187 Edwards, John, 115, 144, 241 D Ellis, William, 117, 219, 240 Daintree, Mrs., 257 Enlightenment, 3 Dalton, Christopher, 48, 147, 179 Epping, 155 Darwin, Dr. Erasmus, 131n211, Ernst, Waltraud, 8 233n99, 242 Essex, 106, 143 Davies, George, 50, 177, 191, Ewbank, Mrs., 245, 257 255, 256 Exeter, 30, 253 Day, Peter, 51, 257 Decoy, 156–157, 251, 254–256, 260 Defoe, Daniel, 45, 47, 239, F 251–252, 258 Fabricius, ‘Dr.’ Theodore, 57 Delahoyde, Charles, 94, 215 Fallowes, Thomas, 48, 49, 177, 179, Delusions, 146, 150–151, 158, 159, 208, 209, 215–216, 221, 224 220, 251–252 Derbyshire, 49, 50, 63, 64, 258 Faulkner, Benjamin, 93, 182, 191, Despenser, Lord, 64 208, 223 Devey, Roger, 56 Faux, Thomas, 98, 123n81 GENERAL INDEX 309

Fawconer, Peter, 60, 159 Gentleman’s Magazine, 255–256 Fawssett, Dr. John, 107, 143, 181 Germany, 217 Fear, 211, 221–224, 227, 247 Gibbs, Benjamin, 112 Fellowes, Dorothea, 150, 156, 160 Gibbs, Mrs. Mary, 112, 130n207 Ferguson, Robert, 25 Gibraltar, 143 Ferrers, Earl, 50 Gibson, H., 69 Fessler, A., 35 Gilbert, William, 101, 151, 159 Finch, Charles, 104, 118, 157, Giles, William, 93 177, 178 Gillart, Claudius, 47, 179 Finch, Mrs. Caroline, 102, 103, 178 Gilles Briand, Peter, 94 Finch, Mrs. Sarah, 59, 102 Gillett, Elizabeth, 103, 249 Finch, William (various), 59, 102, Gillett, William, 103, 215, 249 104, 118, 136, 154, 161, 176, Glanville, Mrs. Mary, 98, 249 178, 181, 189, 194, 204n145, Glanville, Thomas, 56, 98 210, 213, 217, 219, 224, 226, Gloucestershire, 29, 59, 141–142, 247 242–243, 249, 277 Goldney, Edward, 218, 253, 262 Finnes-bury, 24 Gollop, Mrs, 30, 35, 183, Fitzherbert, Dionys, 7, 22, 146, 213, 223–224 216, 223–224 Goward, Angus, 20 Fleet Prison, 151 Goward, John, 107 Fletcher, Henry, 115 Greene, John, 151–153 Fletcher, Martha, 115 Gunston, Charles, 157 Foulkes, Mary, 120n18 Fowler, Dr. Richard, 242–243, 250, 266n29 H Fowles, Susanna, 27 Habeas Corpus, 90, 91, 253, Fox, Dr. Edward Long, 6, 100–103, 255, 278 143, 188, 194, 209, 225, 226, Haigh, David, 116, 241 240, 249, 277 Hale, Dr. Richard, 7, 46, 48, 50, 53, Fox, Mrs., 99, 162, 243 180, 214, 275 Fox, Samuel, 99, 162, 180, 243 Hall, Dr. John, 47, 69, 117, 181, 186, Foyster, Elizabeth, 251, 255 209, 259 France, 8, 217 Hall, Jonas, 93, 177 Francklin, Edmund, 7, 22, 146, Hall, Rev. Robert, 151, 153, 156, 154, 174 218, 223, 263 Fulham, 29, 224 Hallaran, Dr. William Sanders, 8, 217 Halliday, Andrew, 107 Hallucinations, 150, 152, 159, 212, G 214, 221, 224 Gallop, George, 179 Hammond, George, 106 Gardens, 47–51, 53, 64, 67, 102, 104, Hampshire, 60, 104, 142, 143, 156 114, 177, 178, 224, 244 Harris, James, 112, 181 310 GENERAL INDEX

Harris, Joanna, 64, 112, 181, I 183, 191 India, 8 Harris, Mrs. Eliza, 112 Ingle, William, 108 Harris, William, 256 Insanity, 61, 64, 100, 112, 113, 147, Harrison, Dr. Edward, 107 188, 192, 241, 260 Harrison, Robert, 56, 95, 145, 150 Inskip, Mrs. Hannah, 51, 93, 260 Haslam, John, 162, 192 Inskip, Peter, 51, 155, 214, 216, 218, Haywood, Eliza, 253 260, 261 Hebrews, see Jews Ireland, 8, 49, 141, 143 Helston, 144 Irish, David, 32–33, 35, 60–61, 177, Henderson, Mrs. Mary, 101 179, 208, 213 Henderson, Richard, 100, 101, 150, Irish, Mrs. Frances, 61, 104, 142, 151, 159, 175, 188, 222, 181, 190 223, 227 Irish, Robert Stracey, 104, 181, 190 Hereford Infirmary, 114 Isle of Ely, 62, 179 Herefordshire, 142 Islington, 57 Hertfordshire, 6, 61, 62, 106, 142 Hill, George Nesse, 8, 115, 132n247 Hindon, 58, 179 J Hodgkin, Katharine, 7, 22 Jacob, Robert, 106, 181, 200n96 Holborn, 7, 147 James, Dr. Robert, 151, 168n94 Holmes, Mr., 95, 150 James, Mrs., 93 Holmes, Mrs. Ann, 95, 180, 201n107, Jefferys, James, 58, 158–160, 176 225, 261 Jefferys, Jane, 103 Holt, Richard, 94 Jefferys, Zachariah, 58, 103, 145, 154, Home treatment, 58 175–176, 249 Honiton, 253 Jelleyman, Mary, 61, 104, 142 Hoppit, Julian, 98 Jervoise, Thomas, 48, 53, 158, 218 Hornby, Dr. James, 68 Jews, 150, 160 Hornby, Preston, 117, 155, 181 Johnson, Dr. James Proud, 113, Houston, Rab, 8 118, 131n228 Hoxton, 10, 24–25 Johnson, James, 113, 143, Hughes, Catherine, 147 158, 181 Hull, 117, 188 Jollye, Guyton, 106, 107, Hungerford, Mrs Letitia, 48 143, 145, 190 Hunt, Anne, 255 Jones, David, 93 Hunter, Dr. Alexander, 117, 181, 187 Jones, Hugh, 61 Hunter, Richard, 5, 6, 90, 135 Jones, Jane, 93 Huskisson, William, 242 Jones, Lady Catherine, 50 Hyde, Jonathan, 115, 241, 246 Justices of the peace (J.Ps), 90–91, Hyde, Stephen, 68, 115, 176, 100, 241 179, 210 See also Magistrates GENERAL INDEX 311

K Lincolnshire, 69, 107, 143, 150, 154, Keen, William, 49, 156, 157, 257 186, 257 Keenlyside, W., 69 Liverpool, Lord, 116, 215, 225, 242 Keepers, 7, 22, 51, 95, 97, 114, 117, London, 2, 4–6, 9–11, 20–29, 155, 157–159, 162, 243, 244, 34, 35, 45–58, 61, 70, 249, 250, 253, 256, 257, 260, 89–99, 102, 104–106, 261, 263 116, 118, 139–144, 147–148, See also Proprietors; Servants 150–151, 153, 155, 162, Kent, 6, 61, 105, 143, 188 175–177, 179–180, 182–184, Kinchin, Daniel, 60, 176 188, 192, 194–195, 240, 243, Kinchin, Mrs. Sarah, 61 244, 247, 249, 251–254, King George III, 107, 184, 186, 209 262, 275–277 Kingston, 157 Long Fox, Dr. Edward, 101, 102 Lord Chief Justice, 251, 255 Lord Keeper, 251 L Lord, Rev. John, 62, 106, 139, 142, Lamb, Charles, 147, 152 155–157, 175, 191 Lamb, Mary, 95, 147, 152, 225 Loughborough, 108 Lambert, R., 69, 181 Louisa, Lady of the Haystack, 101, Lancashire, 68, 115–116, 142–144, 148–150, 159, 175, 223 155, 241, 246, 256, 261 Lowther, Frances, 51 Langdon, William, 94 Lucett, James, 94, 215 Langworthy, Dr., 103, 249 Lunacy, 63, 146, 251, 256 Latham, Edward, 162, 244 commissions of, 4, 50, 54, 67, Lavender, John, 62, 179 75n53, 164n14, 251, 278 Le Neve, Sir William, 25 See also Insanity Leadbeater, Rosamond, 115 Lunatic asylums, 9 Leeds, 143 Cork, 8, 217 Leggatt, Mary, 157, 257 county, 9, 20, 89, 92, 118, 280; Leicester, 63, 187 Bedford, 92; Middlesex, 117; Leicester Infirmary, 108, 187 Norfolk, 92; Nottingham, 92, Leicestershire, 6, 63, 108, 112, 142 101, 107, 120n25; Leigh of Stoneleigh, Lord, 52, West Riding, 117 64, 176 Exeter, 17n54, 89, 100, 103, L’Holme, James, 98 217, 249 Licences/licenses, 8, 52–56, Hereford, 89, 107, 114 58, 59, 62–64, 67, 90, 91, Leicester, 6, 17n54, 89, 107, 93–99, 103, 106, 112, 108, 187 115, 141, 180, 181, Liverpool, 17n54, 89, 114, 116 183, 247 York, 17n54, 46, 47, 89, 92, 114, Lichfield, 112, 242, 266n27 117, 187, 259 Lincoln, 64, 186 See also Lunatic hospitals 312 GENERAL INDEX

Lunatic hospitals, 4, 9, 70, 91, 118, Magistrates, 279 141, 153, 173, 183, visiting, 115, 136, 161, 217, 218, 272n153, 275 225, 241, 246, 247, 249, 250 Bethel, Norwich, 17n54, 45, 47, See also Justices of the Peace 62, 63, 91, 106, 186 Managers, 56, 70, 95, 97, 98 Bethlem (also, Bedlam), 2, 4, 5, 7, See also Keepers 10, 21, 23, 24, 26–28, 34, 35, Manchester, 114, 142, 144, 158 45–48, 51, 53, 60, 61, 69, 91, Mania, 151–153 92, 95, 103, 124n96, 141, Mansfield, Lord, 255–257 162, 180, 183, 184, 192, Market Harborough, 63 208, 214, 215, 249, 251, Marriott, Samuel, 108 275, 276 Marvell, Andrew, 24 Guy’s, 17n54, 45, 46 Mason, Joseph, 6, 59, 60, 100, 141, Manchester, 17n54, 45, 47, 145, 153–156, 177–179, 187, 114–116, 258 193, 218, 224–227, 240, Newcastle, 17n54, 45, 47, 69, 114, 253, 262 117, 186 Massingberd, Rev. Francis, 155, 159, St Luke’s, 10, 45–47, 51, 52, 54, 171n174, 222 69, 89, 91–95, 116, 120n18, Matthews, James Tilley, 162, 244 122n56, 139, 141, 147, 150, Mauger, Alice, 8 164n13, 180, 184, 192, 208, Mead, Dr. Richard, 48 275, 276 Mechanical restraint, 216–219, 227, See also Lunatic asylums 242, 243, 248, 250, 277, 279 Lupton, Donald, 21 chains, 159, 217–219, 221, Lyttelton, William, 243, 266n29 234n124, 245, 246, 248, 250, 253, 260–261 hand-cuffs, 159, 217–219, 246, M 251, 253 Macalpine, Ida, 5, 6, 90, 135 leg locks, 217–219 Macdonald, Michael, 3, 19, 20, restraint chair, 216, 218 190, 207 strait waistcoat, 153, 155, 216–219, Macdonald, Mr., 50, 255, 256 221, 245, 250, 253, 260, 261 Macgennis, Constantine, 147 straps, 217–219 Mackenzie, Charlotte, 5 Medbourn, 63 Mackenzie, Hannah, 51, 257 Medical market-place, 4, 46 Mad-doctors, 46, 57, 95, 100, 101, Medicines, 29, 48, 112, 173, 175, 115, 182–186, 252, 254 180, 193, 207, 211–214, 262 clerical, 33, 35, 57, 62, 190, 208 antimony tartar, 212 Maddox, Mr., 57 calomel, 212 Madras, 8 digitalis, 213 GENERAL INDEX 313

emetics, 212, 213 More, Hannah, 150, 175 hellebore, 212 Morison, Sir Alexander, 7–8 jalop, 212 Morris, Arthur, 24 opiates, 213 Mortimer, Ian, 19 purgatives, 212–213, 216, 251, Moyses, William, 94 258, 261 Murphy, Elaine, 5 St John’s Wort, 216, 232n92 Muskett, Edmond, 33 Melancholy, 3, 49, 50, 59, 62–64, 113, 151–152, 241 Mercer, Justinian, 58, 103 N Meux, Richard, 151 Nash, John, 114 Middle classes, 4, 10, 35, 144, 180, Nelson, Mr., 62, 106, 181 240, 258, 277 Newcastle, 69, 117, 143, 186 Middleton, Dr. Edward, 104, New Forest, 178 178, 181 Newgate Prison, 147, 148 Midlands, the, 10, 92 Newington, Samuel, 105, 106, 143, Miles, Sir Jonathan (or John), 10, 181, 190 54–56, 90, 92, 95, 97, 136, 145, New South Wales, 8 151, 158–159, 161, 162, 176, Newton, James (various), 26–28, 47, 180, 192, 194, 219, 244, 52, 61, 84n176, 158, 176, 179, 247–248, 255–257 191, 208, 218, 245, 251, 252, Miller, Sanderson, 56, 64, 93, 260, 262 121n35, 151, 153, Norfolk, 25, 106, 143, 150 168n94, 262 Norman, Thomas, 27, 179 Mills, Elizabeth, 157, 245, 257 Norris, Robert, 47–48, 148, 177, 179, Mills, Mary, 257 269n100, 269n105 Minchin, Mr., 64 Northamptonshire, 142 Minchin, Mrs. Sarah, 64, 183 Northumberland, 144 Monro, Dr. James, 5, 7, 46, 50, 51, Norton, 33 53, 180, 196n10, 212, 231n67, Norwich, 62, 63, 106, 186 260, 275 Nottinghamshire, 143 Monro, Dr. John, 5, 46, 49–52, 54, 56, 95, 119n13, 180, 183, 192, 194, 199n83, 208, 209, O 211–215, 220, 254–256, Old Bailey, 147 261, 276 Oldham, John, 24 Monro, Dr. Thomas, 95, 151, 180, Overcrowding, 20, 248 184, 194, 200n96, 276 Oxford, 23, 155–156 Moorfields, 21, 24, 45, 46 Oxfordshire, 64, 112, 141, 142 Moran, James, 4, 278 Oxford University, 61, 64, 184, 185 314 GENERAL INDEX

P Pauper lunatics, 4, 8, 27, 35, 45, 91, Paddington, 150 100, 104, 118, 140, 141, Panton, William, 115 144–145, 149, 153, 176, 177, Pargeter, William, 181, 182, 191, 259 219, 263, 277, 280 Parish, London, 100 See also Patients, paupers St Andrew Undershaft, 56, 176 Payment rates, 53, 58, 60, 62, St Benet Paul’s Wharf, 53 84n176, 108, 115, 174–177, 248 St Botolph Aldgate, 28, 144 Peak District, 64 St Botolph Bishopsgate, 28, 57, Pearson, George, 94 144, 176 Pearson, John, 94, 122n56, 155, 177 St Brides Fleet Street, 28 Pearson, Martha, 94 St Clement Danes, 145 Peel, Sir Robert, 242 St Dionis Backchurch, 53, 61, 176 Peirson, Mr., 106 St Martin-in-the-Fields, 28, Pell, James, 95 53, 54, 144 Pellet, Dr. Stephen, 106, 185 Parkinson, James, 116, 246 Penbury, Nancy, 155, 159, 161, Parry-Jones, William, 5, 6, 22, 28, 99, 193–194, 214, 222, 225 118, 135, 139, 178, 241, Pennyman, Mrs., 50 250, 280 Pepys, Sir Lucas, 246, 248, 249 Patients Perfect, George, 105 charitable, 107, 108 Perfect, William, 6, 61, 105–106, convalescent, 246, 247, 260 135, 143, 148, 152–153, 179, dirty, 161, 226 181, 188, 189, 208, incurable, 36, 45, 48, 63, 108, 211–217, 220 115, 116, 157, 158, Perry, Edward, 113 208–209, 276 Perry, Joseph, 68, 113, 241 naval, 248, 249, 268n72 Philo, Chris, 6, 28, 58, 70, 99, 177 noisy, 101, 226, 249 Physic, 63, 184, 216, 245, 255 numbers, 9, 11, 60, 61, 95, 97–101, See also Medicines 103, 112–113, 116, 135–143, Physicians, 5–7, 10, 11, 35, 46, 145, 247, 264 47, 51, 60–63, 68, 69, paupers, 10–11, 32, 52–54, 58, 60, 90–91, 95, 99, 101, 108, 61, 70, 92, 98, 103, 106–108, 113, 114, 116–118, 143, 112–115, 135, 139, 140, 156, 154, 175, 178–191, 194, 158, 160–162, 164n13, 216, 220, 246, 250, 251, 176–177, 194, 224, 225, 261, 275, 276 247–248, 250, 277 Pierce, Thomas, 93 private, 10, 21, 53, 54, 62, 69, 92, Pile, John, 94, 95 107, 117, 144, 153, 187, 224, Pinel, Philippe, 190 225, 244, 248 Pitt, William, 160, 256 quiet, 101, 226, 249 Pope, Ann, 94, 121n46 refractory, 101, 226, 246 Pope, Mr., 93, 121n46 GENERAL INDEX 315

Porter, Roy, 5–6, 8, 9, 20, 22, 33, 34, R 46, 47, 90, 173, 178, 207, 220, Radcliffe, George, 259 250, 256 Radcliffe, John, 259 Portsmouth, 142 Radford, Elizabeth, 93, 121n39 Potter, Christopher, 271n129 Read, William, 48, 179, 269n105 Potter, George, 54 Reading, 60 Potter, Mrs., 255–256 Rees, Dr. George, 99, 180 Powell, Dr. Richard, 91, 135, 136, Reform, reformers, 7, 92, 94, 161, 139, 162, 244, 248 239, 263 Powell, Sarah, 56 Religion, 35, 160, 190 Price, Edward, 112, 177 Retreat, York, The, 104, 114, 117, Proprietors, 2, 6, 9–11, 45, 46, 188, 220 51, 53, 54, 58, 59, 64, 69, Reynolds, Frederick, 221 70, 89, 92–95, 97–100, 103, Ricketts, William, 114, 136, 140, 145, 112, 113, 118, 135, 143–145, 154, 175, 177, 181, 190, 194, 154, 155, 157, 162, 173–195, 211–213, 216, 219, 220, 225, 208, 215, 217, 219, 221, 226, 242, 243 223–225, 227, 240, 242, Rigby, Edward, 106, 143, 240 246, 253, 256–259, Roadknight, Mrs Mary, 112, 261–264, 275–279 130n207 See also Keepers Roadknight, William, 64, 112, 142 Protest, 12, 239 Rodon, Robert, 28, 57, 144, 176, 179 Proud, Joseph, 67, 241 Rodon, Thomas, 57 Proud, Mrs. Catherine, 113, Rogers, William, 158, 245, 251, 262 155, 193 Rose, George, 242, 258 Proud, Samuel (various), 6, Rundle, John, 158–160 67–68, 113, 143, 159, Rushton, Peter, 35 161, 181, 191, 193–194, 214, 215, 222, 225, 241, 242 S Provinces (the), 6, 9–10, 29–34, 45, St Albans, 184 57–70, 89, 90, 118, 139, 140, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, 48 144, 145, 162–163, 175–177, Salisbury, 59, 102 179–182, 184, 193–195, Salmon, Robert, 93 247, 275 Scarborough, 156 Prowting, William, 47, 177, 179 Schmidt, Jeremy, 20 Pybus, Mrs., 50, 214 Schomberg, Dr. Meyer, 56, 151 Scotland, 8, 117, 143–144 Scot’s Magazine, 255–256 Q Scott, Rev. James, 259 Quackery, 27, 33, 46, 48, 191, 262 Scull, Andrew, 3, 5, 9, 90, 180, 183, Quarter sessions, 90, 246 250, 253, 256 316 GENERAL INDEX

Select committees South Molton, 57 1763, Committee on Madhouses, Southwark, 49, 251 45, 52, 184, 251, 256, 278 Spencer, Arthur, 103, 158, 219, 1807, Select Committee on Pauper 249, 250 and Criminal Lunatics, 92, 239 Spencer, Jane, 59 1815, Select Committee on Spitalfields, 147 Madhouses, 7, 32, 92, 93, 95, Spreag, Dr., 58 113, 118, 135, 145, 181, 190, Squires, John, 116, 181 192, 212, 216, 217, 219, 239, Stafford, Thomas, 108, 143, 154, 242–244, 247, 249, 280 157, 181 1816, Select Committee on Staffordshire, 64, 112–113, 142, 143, Madhouses, 92, 140, 145, 190, 241, 266n27 192, 216, 219, 239, 244, 247 Stamford, 69, 107, 155, 261 Senhouse, George, 205n168 Stapleton, 58 Servants, 22, 101, 155, 156, 209, 256 Steavenson, Dr. Robert, 117, 144 See also Keepers Stillwell, James, 104 Sherratt, John, 255–256, 258, Stoddart, R., 69 270n127, 271n129 Stratten (or Stratton), James, 54, Shotgrave, Priscilla, 50, 156, 174 97–98, 123n75, 123n81, Shrewsbury, 113, 193 267n53 Shropshire, 113, 142, 143 Stratten, Mrs. Elizabeth, 54 Silverton, 58 Straw, 247–250 Silvester, Dr. John, 56 Street, Mary, 61, 104, 142 Simmons, Dr. Samuel Foart, 95, Stretton, (or Stratton) James, 97 119n13, 150, 151, 180, 184, Suffolk, 6, 33, 34, 107, 143, 179 194, 201n105, 261, 262, 276 Suicide, or attempted suicide, Skelton, John, 24 147–150, 159, 162 Smart, Christopher, 54, 255, 270n127 Surgeon-apothecaries, 156 Smith, John, 28, 29, 144, 176, 179 Surgeons, 6, 8, 11, 30, 47, 49, 59, 61, Smith, Mrs., 29, 35 62, 67, 69, 91, 94, 99, 102, Smollett, Tobias, 256 104–106, 108, 112–118, Social class, 4, 5, 11, 45, 48, 50, 64, 178–181, 183, 188–190, 69, 70, 92, 99, 101, 103–107, 194, 209 113, 114, 116–118, 183, 225, Surrey, 61, 104, 142–144, 218, 226, 240, 248, 249, 277 241, 246 See also Middle classes; Pauper Sussex, 58, 106, 142–144 lunatics Sutherland, Dr. Alexander, 93, 95, Somerset, 30, 58, 60, 103, 141, 143, 123n66, 180, 184, 276 144, 174, 249 Suzuki, Akihito, 5, 28 South Brent, 32 Sweden, 217 Southcomb, Rev. Lewis, 57, 58, 179, Sykes, James, 93 191, 208, 214, 222 Symcotts, Dr. John, 61, 62 GENERAL INDEX 317

T Tyson, Dr. Edward, 46, 47, Talfourd, Edward, 94 251, 269n100 Tardy, Elias, 99 Tyson, Dr. Richard, 53 Temple-Phillips, H., 6 Terry, William, 112 Thornton, Mary, 106 V Thurstan, John, 67 Vernon, John, 67 Tiverton, 32 Vicars, John, 23 Town Register, 135, 136, 139 Violence, 146–147, 152, 155, 158–162, Treatment, 191, 207–227, 277–279 193, 217, 250, 258, 260, 262 humane, 61, 62, 67, 69, 101, 102, Visitors, see Magistrates, visiting 108, 190, 209, 211, 222, 223, Voss, Jenny, 25 227, 241–243 management, 11, 208, 209, 227, 279 W medical, 11, 220, 226, 227, 278, Wakefield, Edward, 94, 95, 98, 99, 279 (see also medicines) 103, 121n40, 161, 204n145, moral, 11, 190, 207, 220, 226, 240, 242–244, 249 227, 279; amusements, 224, Wales, 8, 94, 141, 143–144 225; occupation, 224–225, Walk, Alexander, 220 242, 243 Wallett, George, 99, 124n96 physical, 279; baths, 67, 94, 211, Walpole, Horace, 52 215, 227; bleeding, 211, 214, Warburton, Thomas, 10, 90, 92, 95, 216, 245, 258, 262; blisters, 97, 103, 123n72, 136, 145, 151, 214–215, 245, 258, 262; 155, 164n13, 176, 180, 192, circular swing chair, 12, 188, 194, 199n83, 205n166, 219, 216–222, 226; dietary 244, 247–248, 257, 258 regulation, 213; force feeding, Ward, Samuel, 34 216, 253, 260, 261; fumes, Warminster, 156 216; setons, 214, 231n80 Wars Trevor, Edward, 25, 218, 245, English Civil War, 3, 23, 25 251, 260 Napoleonic, 7 Trevor, Sir John, 25 Warwick, 151, 153 Trosse, George, 30, 150, 154, Warwickshire, 52, 56, 64, 93, 112, 158–159, 179, 213, 142, 143, 151, 177, 262 218, 223–224 Wateridge, William, 245, 252 Trowbridge, 58, 160, 161, 176 Watts, Edward, 58, 179, 218 Tuke, Daniel Hack, 207 Wesley, John, 101, 159, 223 Tuke, Samuel, 242 Westbury, 31, 32 Turlington, Robert, 51, 254–256 West Country, 10, 29, 32, 59, 92, Turney, George, 98, 123n76 100, 141, 143, 244, 249 Tyburn, 148 West Midlands, 64, 142, 143 318 GENERAL INDEX

Westmoreland, Earl of, 175 Wood, Francis, 256 Westover, John, 30, 35, 58, 141, 144, Woodford, Mrs., 25, 26, 35, 183, 218, 174, 176, 179, 195n6, 240 245, 251, 260 Whalley, 68 Worcester, 49 Willis, Dr. John, 107 Worcestershire, 114, 142, 143, 243 Willis, Dr. Robert Darling, 107, 150, Workhouses, 4, 53, 100, 144, 149, 199n82, 199n83 176, 213, 248 Willis, Dr. Thomas, 20 Wright, Matthew, 53, 144, 156–161, Willis, Rev. Dr. Francis, 6, 64, 107, 174, 176, 179, 180, 183, 194, 121n35, 143, 150, 155, 168n94, 216, 218–219, 240, 245, 171n174, 175, 176, 181, 185, 252, 260–261 186, 191, 209, 214, 218, Wright, Mrs. Elianor, 54, 183, 194, 221–227, 262, 263, 277 195n8, 256, 260, 271n129 Willoughby, Honoria Lady, 27, 260 Wrongful confinement, 12, 51, 52, 56, Wilson, John, 69, 115, 142, 155, 157, 69, 91, 156, 239, 250–258, 264, 218, 241, 245, 257, 261 278, 279 Wilson, Mrs., 245, 261 Wiltshire, 32, 58–60, 103, 141, 143, 145, 218, 250 Y Winchester, 176 Yatton, 32, 176 Windsor, 94, 254 York, 117, 187 Wolverhampton, 67 Yorkshire, 116, 142, 143, 155 Wood, Dr., 117 Young, Samuel, 32 Index of Private Madhouses1

A Billington, 68, 116, 118, 136–139, Abbots Bromley, 67, 112, 191 142, 145, 155, 156, 158, 175, 181, 192, 241, 246, 256 B Bilston, 6, 67, 68, 113, 114, 136, Basingstoske, 60, 176 193, 222, 241, 242 Bethnal Green, 52–54, 97–99, 103, Joseph Proud, 67, 113, 191, 241 123n76, 123n80, 139, 141, 144, Samuel Proud, 67, 113, 136–139, 145, 156–158, 161, 164n14, 143, 145, 155, 159, 175, 176, 174, 176, 179, 180, 183, 213, 181, 191, 214–215, 241 216, 218–219, 224, 226, Blakeley, 115, 144, 241 231n67, 245, 247, 252, Box, 32, 58, 103, 143, 145, 154, 255–258, 260, 277 158–161, 175, 176, 249 Bonner Street, 56 Brislington House, 6, 101, 102, 118, Middlesex House, Hackney 143, 145, 188, 194, 225, 226, Road, 98 240, 244, 277 Red House, 53, 97, 145, 240, 248 Brompton, 50 Rhodes’s, 97, 258 Brooke House, Clapton, 46, 52, 95, Talbot’s, 97, 248 106, 155, 169n124, 184, White House, 53, 54, 97, 98, 144, 200n96, 255, 256 145, 164n13, 240, 247–248 Bushey, 61

1 Note: Page numbers followed by ‘n’ refer to notes.

C Dunstable, 61, 62, 181, 184, 212, 215 Chatterice, 179 Dunston, 64, 107, 121n35, 168n94, Chelsea, 49–51, 93, 123n82, 141, 176, 181, 186, 262, 277 147, 155, 156, 164n14, 168n94, 174, 177, 180, 182, 191, 199n83, 208, 214, 216, 218, 223–226, E 254–256, 259, 261, 277 Ealing, 94, 99, 215 Beaufort Row, 93 Egham, 33, 61, 181, 246 Blacklands House, 93, 95, Great Foster House, 61, 104, 105, 123n66, 184 142, 145, 190, 218, 241, 246 Cheyne Row, 50 Enfield, Four Tree Hill, 99 Kings Road, 93 Little Chelsea, 93, 260 Paradise-Row, 50 F Chertsey, Weston House, 94 Finsbury, 2, 26, 28, 144, 179, Cheshunt, 106, 129n169 245, 260 Chester, 68, 115, 132n247, 141, 176, Fishponds, 6, 60, 100, 101, 118, 136, 179, 210 141, 143, 148, 152, 161, 177, Foregate Street, 115 181, 187, 216, 218, 223, 225, Watergate Street, 115 240, 247, 263 Clerkenwell, 24, 144, 158, 164n14, Fivehead House, near Taunton, 103, 176, 179, 208, 218, 245, 251, 141, 215, 249 260, 262 Fonthill Gifford, 58, 59, 103, 141, Clerkenwell Close, 27 145, 158, 218–219, 249, 250 Wood’s Close, 26, 47, 52, 95, Framlingham, 107 175, 191 Frimley Lodge, near Bagshot, 104, Cleve Hill, 100–101, 143, 188 181, 218, 241, 246 Cleve House Retreat, 104 Cork, 8 G Gate Helmsley, 117, 134n266, 181 D Glastonbury, 29–31, 35, 150, 154, Dalston, 52, 54, 98 158, 179, 183, 213, 218, 223 Datchet, 94 Gosport, Berry House, 104, 145, Davis Street, Mayfair, 49 157, 176–178 Dog Row, Mile End, 57 Greatford, 6, 64, 107, 118, 129n183, Drayton Parslow, 62, 106, 139, 142, 143, 150, 155, 171n174, 175, 155–157, 175 186, 209, 214, 218, 221, 223, Droitwich, 90, 114, 136, 140, 145, 225, 277 154, 175, 177, 181, 190, 194, Grindon, 64 211–213, 215, 216, 219, 226, Grove Place, near Southampton, 104, 242, 243 178, 181 INDEX OF PRIVATE MADHOUSES 321

H Kingsland Road, 56, 98, 249 Hackney, 28, 29, 35, 52, 98–99, Whitmore House, 56, 97, 123n73, 123n75, 144, 164n14, 176, 179, 141, 151, 199n83, 244, 248, 180, 245, 261 258, 277 London House, 99, 162, 243 Mare Street, 54, 267n53 Hadham Palace, Much Hadham, I 106, 181 Islington, 147, 150, 159, 164n14, 225 Halstock, 58, 103 Fisher House, 95, 147, 151, 156, Hanham, 101, 150, 151, 159, 160, 180, 184, 258, 261 175, 222 Hanover Park, Carlow, 8 Harrow, 61 K Hathern, 108 Kennington, 49, 94, 157, 257 Henley-in-Arden, 64, 112, 136, 142, Kensington Gore, 94 143, 145, 175, 181, 190 King’s Newton, 49, 63 Hereford, 114, 141, 145, 157 Hertford, 106 Holborn, 22, 46, 48, 179, 216 L Eagle Street, 48, 147 Lakenham, Norwich, 63, 106, 143, Gray’s-Inn Lane, 48 181, 186, 240 Hatton Garden, 48, 177, 252 Lambeth Marsh, 48, 49, 177, 179, Orange Street, Red Lion Square, 48 208, 215, 251 Snow Hill, 47, 148, 177 Laverstock House, 90, 102–104, 118, Hollingreave, near Burnley, 116, 136, 140, 143, 145, 154, 161, 133n261, 145, 246 176–178, 181, 189, 190, 194, Homerton, 52, 56 210, 213, 217, 219, 224, 226, Hook Norton, 64, 112, 181, 183, 191 242–244, 266n29, 277 Horncastle, 107, 143, 181 Laycock, 103, 145 Hoxton, 35, 47, 52–56, 95, 97, Leicester, 63, 108, 143, 145, 152, 120n18, 139, 141, 144, 145, 156–157, 175, 181, 187, 208, 150, 151, 155, 158, 159, 161, 218, 222, 263 162, 164n14, 176–177, Belle Grove, 130n194, 187 179–180, 192, 219, 226, 248, Bond Street, 108 256, 258, 277 Lewisham, 94, 99 Charles Square, 98 Lichfield, 64, 67, 112, 124n100, 136, Hare Street, 98 141, 142, 175, 242, 247 Holly House, 98, 145, 147, 183, Lisson Green, Marylebone, 94 248, 257 Loddon, 62, 106, 143, 145, 181, 190 Hoxton House, 25, 54, 95, 141, Long Bennington, 108, 143, 154, 145, 151, 215, 219, 244, 157, 181 247–249, 255, 257 Lower Tooting, 94 322 INDEX OF PRIVATE MADHOUSES

M S Milford, 59, 102, 210 St Albans, 62, 148, 181, 184–185 Moorfields, 24, 25, 35, 144, 176, Collegium Insanorum, 62, 179, 183, 218, 245, 251, 260 106, 153, 175, 185, White Cross Alley, 28, 57 224, 227 Morton, near Stonehurst, 68 St Luke’s House, 186 Scout Mill, Mossley, 69, 115, 142, 155, 157, 218, 241, 245, N 257, 261 Newcastle, 69, 144, 181 Sculcoates Refuge, 117, 181, Belgrove House, 117 188, 219 Bensham, 117 Shadwell, 57, 81n137 Carr’s Hill House, 69 Well Close Square, 53 St Luke’s House, 69, 209, 259 Shillingthorpe, 107, Newington Butts, Southwark, 49 129n183, 129n184 Newington Green, 52, 56 Shoreditch, 52, 56 Newport Pagnell, 61, 176 Shrewsbury, The Hermitage, 113, Newton Heath, 116, 241 118, 143, 145, 158, 181 Normand House, Fulham, 29, 93, Sion Vale, Brentford, 94, 215 156–157, 177, 243 Somers Town, 94, 244 Northaw, 106 Weston House, 95 Norton, 33–34, 174, 179, 183 Southam, 112, 145, 177 Spring Vale, 6, 113, 143, 145, 152, 155, 161, 177, 181, 191–192, O 208, 216, 219, 221, 223, 225, Osbaldwick, 117, 155, 181 241, 243 Standrick Hill, Ashton-under-Lyne, 115, 241, 246 P Stapleton, 6, 59, 145, 179, 193, 218, Paddington, 51, 257 225, 240, 253 Prospect Place, 94 Stockwell, 94 Plaistow, 99, 180 Stoke, near Guildford, 32, 60–61, Essex House, 99 104, 142, 177, 179, 208, 213, 241 Sutton Coldfield, 112 R Reading, 60, 159, 175, 181, 184 Ringwood, Moortown House, 104, T 145, 178 Ticehurst, 5, 105, 106, 143, 145, Rose Ash, 57, 179 181, 190 INDEX OF PRIVATE MADHOUSES 323

W Westminster, 177, 256 Waltham Cross, 106 Gloucester Street, 50, 51, Walton Lodge, near Liverpool, 116, 181 253, 269n111 Wandsworth Common, Carlisle Petty France, 50 House, 94, 155, 177 Wickwar, 59, 179 Warwick, 108, 112, 181, 190, 211 Wigston Magna, 108, 157, 190, 208 Wedmore, 30–32, 58, 141, 144, 174, 179, 240 West Malling, 61, 105, 143, 148, 179, Y 181, 188, 208 York, 116, 133n262, 181, 187