Zusammenwachsen Von Telefonie Und Internet – Marktentwicklungen Und Herausforderungen Der Implementierung Von ENUM

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Zusammenwachsen Von Telefonie Und Internet – Marktentwicklungen Und Herausforderungen Der Implementierung Von ENUM Zusammenwachsen von Telefonie und Internet – Marktentwicklungen und Herausforderungen der Implementierung von ENUM Dieter Elixmann Annette Hillebrand Ralf G. Schäfer Martin O. Wengler Nr. 253 Juni 2004 WIK Wissenschaftliches Institut für Infrastruktur und Kommunikationsdienste GmbH Rhöndorfer Str. 68, 53604 Bad Honnef Postfach 20 00, 53588 Bad Honnef Tel 02224-9225-0 Fax 02224-9225-63 Internet: http://www.wik.org eMail [email protected] Impressum In den vom WIK herausgegebenen Diskussionsbeiträgen erscheinen in loser Folge Auf- sätze und Vorträge von Mitarbeitern des Instituts sowie ausgewählte Zwischen- und Ab- schlussberichte von durchgeführten Forschungsprojekten. Mit der Herausgabe dieser Reihe bezweckt das WIK, über seine Tätigkeit zu informieren, Diskussionsanstöße zu geben, aber auch Anregungen von außen zu empfangen. Kritik und Kommentare sind deshalb jederzeit willkommen. Die in den verschiedenen Beiträgen zum Ausdruck kom- menden Ansichten geben ausschließlich die Meinung der jeweiligen Autoren wieder. WIK behält sich alle Rechte vor. Ohne ausdrückliche schriftliche Genehmigung des WIK ist es auch nicht gestattet, das Werk oder Teile daraus in irgendeiner Form (Fotokopie, Mikrofilm oder einem anderen Verfahren) zu vervielfältigen oder unter Verwendung elektronischer Systeme zu verarbeiten oder zu verbreiten. ISSN 1865-8997 Marktentwicklungen und Herausforderungen der Implementierung von ENUM I Inhaltsverzeichnis Abbildungsverzeichnis V Tabellenverzeichnis VI Abkürzungsverzeichnis VII Zusammenfassung XI Summary XII 1 Einleitung 1 2 Grundlagen der Analyse: Was ist ENUM? Was kann ENUM? Wie funktioniert es? 4 3 Österreich 14 3.1 Skizzierung der Internet-Nutzung und Domain-Verwaltung 14 3.2 Zeitlicher Ablauf des ENUM-Trials 16 3.3 Zuständige Organisation für die Verwaltung des ENUM-Namensbaumes 17 3.3.1 Rolle der nationalen Regulierungsbehörde 17 3.3.2 Rolle bestehender Registries und Registrare 19 3.4 Beteiligte Akteure 20 3.5 Gestaltung des Feldversuchs 22 3.5.1 Ziele 22 3.5.2 Organisatorische Gestaltung 23 3.5.3 Finanzierung 25 3.6 Dienstepotenzial 26 3.7 Sicherheitsmaßnahmen 28 3.8 Datenschutzproblematik 29 3.9 Zusammenfassung und Bewertung 30 3.9.1 Trialspezifische Besonderheiten 30 3.9.2 Wettbewerbliche Auswirkungen 32 4 Großbritannien 34 4.1 Skizzierung der Internet-Nutzung und Domain-Verwaltung 34 4.2 Zeitlicher Ablauf des ENUM-Trials 35 4.3 Zuständige Organisation für die Verwaltung des nationalen ENUM-Namensbaumes 37 4.4 Beteiligte Akteure 37 II Diskussionsbeitrag Nr. 253 4.5 Gestaltung des Feldversuchs 39 4.5.1 Ziele 39 4.5.2 Organisatorische Gestaltung 40 4.6 Geplantes Betreibermodell für ENUM-Regelbetrieb 44 4.6.1 Darstellung des Betreibermodells 44 4.6.2 Rolle der nationalen TK-Regulierungsbehörde 46 4.7 Sicherheitsmaßnahmen 47 4.8 Datenschutzproblematik 49 4.9 Zusammenfassung und Bewertung 49 5 Schweden 51 5.1 Skizzierung der Internet-Nutzung und Domain-Verwaltung 51 5.2 Zeitlicher Ablauf des ENUM-Trials 52 5.3 Zuständige Organisation für die Verwaltung des nationalen ENUM-Namensbaumes 53 5.4 Beteiligte Akteure 53 5.5 Gestaltung des Feldversuchs 54 5.5.1 Ziele 54 5.5.2 Organisatorische Gestaltung 55 5.6 Geplantes Betreibermodell für ENUM-Regelbetrieb 58 5.6.1 Darstellung des Betreibermodells 58 5.6.2 Rolle der nationalen Regulierungsbehörde 60 5.6.3 Rolle bestehender Registries und Registrar 60 5.7 Dienstepotenzial 61 5.8 Sicherheitsmaßnahmen 61 5.9 Datenschutzproblematik 62 5.10 Zusammenfassung und Bewertung 63 6 Frankreich 64 6.1 Skizzierung der Internet-Nutzung und Domain-Verwaltung 64 6.2 Zeitlicher Ablauf des ENUM-Trials 66 6.3 Zuständige Organisation für die Verwaltung des nationalen ENUM-Namensbaumes 69 6.4 Beteiligte Akteure 69 Marktentwicklungen und Herausforderungen der Implementierung von ENUM III 6.5 Gestaltung des Feldversuchs 69 6.5.1 Ziele 70 6.5.2 Organisatorische Gestaltung 75 6.6 Dienstepotenzial 76 6.7 Zusammenfassung und Bewertung 78 7 Deutschland 79 7.1 Skizzierung der Internet-Nutzung und Domain-Verwaltung 79 7.2 Zeitlicher Ablauf des ENUM-Trials 81 7.3 Zuständige Organisation für die Verwaltung des nationalen ENUM-Namensbaumes 82 7.3.1 Vertragsgestaltung zwischen RegTP und DENIC 83 7.3.2 Regelungen zur Nummerierung im TKG-E 84 7.3.3 Planungen zu Nationalen Teilnehmerrufnummern 85 7.4 Beteiligte Akteure 86 7.5 Gestaltung des Feldversuchs 90 7.5.1 Ziele 90 7.5.2 Organisatorische Gestaltung 90 7.5.3 Technische Gestaltung 91 7.6 Geplantes Betreibermodell für ENUM-Regelbetrieb 92 7.7 Dienstepotenzial 93 7.8 Sicherheitsmaßnahmen 95 7.9 Datenschutzproblematik 98 7.10 Zusammenfassung und Bewertung 98 8 USA 100 8.1 Skizzierung der Internet-Nutzung und Domain-Verwaltung 100 8.2 Zeitlicher Ablauf des ENUM-Trials 102 8.3 Zuständige Organisation für die Verwaltung des nationalen ENUM-Namensbaumes 105 8.4 An der ENUM-Debatte und am ENUM Forum beteiligte Akteure 106 8.5 Gestaltung der ENUM-Debatte durch das ENUM Forum 108 8.5.1 Ziele 108 8.5.2 Organisatorische Gestaltung 109 IV Diskussionsbeitrag Nr. 253 8.6 Betreibermodell für ENUM – Vorschlag des ENUM-Forums 111 8.6.1 Darstellung des Betreibermodells 111 8.6.2 Rolle der nationalen Regulierungsbehörde (bzw. der zuständigen Number Authority) 112 8.6.3 Rolle von Registries und Registrar 113 8.7 Sicherheitsmaßnahmen 114 8.8 Validierung und Datenschutzproblematik 115 8.8.1 Validierung 115 8.8.2 Datenschutz 117 8.9 Zusammenfassung und Bewertung 118 9 Weitere nationale ENUM-Trials 119 9.1 Übersicht über die weltweit stattfindenden ENUM-Trials 119 9.2 Taiwan 121 9.3 Republik Korea 123 10 Zusammenfassung und Schlussfolgerungen 125 Literatur 134 Marktentwicklungen und Herausforderungen der Implementierung von ENUM V Abbildungsverzeichnis Abbildung 2-1: Das grundlegende Gateway-Modell 6 Abbildung 2-2: Verbindung von VoIP-Inseln über das PSTN 7 Abbildung 2-3: Verbindung von VoIP-Inseln ohne PSTN 8 Abbildung 2-4: Funktionsweise von ENUM 9 Abbildung 2-5: NAPTR Resource Records 10 Abbildung 3-1: Anzahl der unter .at registrierten Domains (1997 – 2003) 15 Abbildung 3-2: Anteil der Internetnutzer an der Bevölkerung Österreichs (1997 – 2003) 15 Abbildung 3-3: Meilensteine des österreichischen Feldversuchs 17 Abbildung 3-4: Rolle der RTR im ENUM-Feldversuch 18 Abbildung 3-5: Aktiv Beteiligte am österreichischen ENUM-Feldversuch 21 Abbildung 3-6: Ziele des österreichischen Feldversuchs 22 Abbildung 3-7: Österreichisches ENUM-Rollenmodell im Überblick 24 Abbildung 3-8: ENUM-Portal von Telekom Austria 27 Abbildung 4-1: ENUM-Akteure in Großbritannien 44 Abbildung 4-2: Mögliche betriebliche Einheiten auf der zweiten ENUM-Ebene in Großbritannien 45 Abbildung 5-1: Registrierte Domains unter der schwedischen ccTLD .SE von 1994-2003 (jeweils zum Jahreswechsel; in 2003 zum 30.06.) 52 Abbildung 5-2: Verwaltung der ENUM Domain Names in Schweden 57 Abbildung 5-3: Rechnungsstellung im ENUM-Regelbetrieb in Schweden 59 Abbildung 6-1: Internet- und E-Business-Nutzung durch Unternehmen in Frankreich im Vergleich zu Deutschland 65 Abbildung 6-2: Beteiligte Akteure im ENUM-Trial in Frankreich 67 Abbildung 6-3: Zeitplan des ENUM-Trials in Frankreich 68 Abbildung 6-4: Validierungsoption I in Frankreich: Getrennte Validierung durch Dritte 73 Abbildung 6-5: Validierungsoption II in Frankreich: Validierung durch den Telefondienste- Anbieter 74 Abbildung 6-6: Rolle der fünf Partner im französischen „Numérobis“-Trial 76 Abbildung 7-1: Entwicklung der Anzahl der .DE-Domains von 1994 bis 2004 80 Abbildung 7-2: Zeitplan und Meilensteine des ENUM-Trials in Deutschland 82 Abbildung 7-3: Beteiligte Akteure im ENUM-Trial in Deutschland 86 VI Diskussionsbeitrag Nr. 253 Abbildung 7-4: Rolle der Partner im deutschen ENUM-Trial 91 Abbildung 7-5: Prinzip der Validierung von Rufnummern in Deutschland 95 Abbildung 7-6: Validierungsagency T-Com – Prozessablauf 97 Abbildung 8-1: Registrierungen unter der .US-Domain im Vergleich zu gTLDs 101 Abbildung 8-2: Meilensteine der Diskussion um die Implementation von ENUM in den USA104 Abbildung 8-3: An der ENUM-Diskussion beteiligte Akteure in den USA 106 Abbildung 8-4: Organisationsstruktur des ENUM Forums in den USA 110 Abbildung 8-5: Prozessabläufe zwischen Registry, Registrar und Registrant in den USA 114 Tabellenverzeichnis Tabelle 3-1: Verteilung von registrierten Domains unter der österreichischen ccTLD .at sowie Second Level Domains unter .at 14 Tabelle 4-1: Verteilung von registrierten privaten SLD unter der TLD .UK 35 Tabelle 6-1: Verteilung von registrierten Domains unter der französischen ccTLD .FR sowie Second Level Domains unter .FR 64 Tabelle 6-2: In Zukunft denkbare ENUM-gestützte Services in Frankreich 77 Tabelle 7-1: Methoden zur initialen Validierung 96 Tabelle 8-1: ENUM Forum Mitglieder in den USA 107 Tabelle 8-2: Vor- und Nachteile der vom ENUM Forum in den USA vorgeschlagenen Betreibermodelle 112 Tabelle 9-1: Anträge auf Delegation von internationalen Landesvorwahlen bei RIPE NCC (Stand Januar 2004) 120 Tabelle 10-1: Beteiligung von verschiedenen Interessengruppen an den ENUM- Feldversuchen 127 Marktentwicklungen und Herausforderungen der Implementierung von ENUM VII Abkürzungsverzeichnis AFA Association des Fournisseurs d’accès à Internet AFNIC Association Française pour le Nommage Internet en Coopération AFUTT Association Française des Utilisateurs de Téléphone et de Télématique API Application Progamming Interface ART Autorité de Régulation des Télécommunications ASP Application Service Provider Bitkom Bundesverband Informationswirtschaft, Telekommunikation und neue Medien e.V. BMVIT Bundesministerium für Verkehr, Innovation und Technologie
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