In Retrospect 2015
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Internet Freedom in China: U.S. Government Activity, Private Sector Initiatives, and Issues of Congressional Interest
Internet Freedom in China: U.S. Government Activity, Private Sector Initiatives, and Issues of Congressional Interest Patricia Moloney Figliola Specialist in Internet and Telecommunications Policy May 18, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R45200 Internet Freedom in China: U.S. Government and Private Sector Activity Summary By the end of 2017, the People’s Republic of China (PRC) had the world’s largest number of internet users, estimated at over 750 million people. At the same time, the country has one of the most sophisticated and aggressive internet censorship and control regimes in the world. PRC officials have argued that internet controls are necessary for social stability, and intended to protect and strengthen Chinese culture. However, in its 2017 Annual Report, Reporters Without Borders (Reporters Sans Frontières, RSF) called China the “world’s biggest prison for journalists” and warned that the country “continues to improve its arsenal of measures for persecuting journalists and bloggers.” China ranks 176th out of 180 countries in RSF’s 2017 World Press Freedom Index, surpassed only by Turkmenistan, Eritrea, and North Korea in the lack of press freedom. At the end of 2017, RSF asserted that China was holding 52 journalists and bloggers in prison. The PRC government employs a variety of methods to control online content and expression, including website blocking and keyword filtering; regulating and monitoring internet service providers; censoring social media; and arresting “cyber dissidents” and bloggers who broach sensitive social or political issues. The government also monitors the popular mobile app WeChat. WeChat began as a secure messaging app, similar to WhatsApp, but it is now used for much more than just messaging and calling, such as mobile payments, and all the data shared through the app is also shared with the Chinese government. -
Human Rights Protocol Considerations Research Group S
Human Rights Protocol Considerations Research Group S. Abraham Internet-Draft CIS India Intended status: Informational MP. Canales Expires: January 16, 2018 Derechos Digitales J. Hall CDT O. Khrustaleva American University N. ten Oever ARTICLE 19 C. Runnegar ISOC S. Sahib Cisco Systems July 15, 2017 Implementation Report for HTTP Status Code 451 (RFC 7725) draft-451-imp-report-00 Abstract This report describes implementation experience between various components working with the HTTP Status Code 451 [RFC7725], a risk assessment and recommendation for improvements. Status of This Memo This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet- Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." This Internet-Draft will expire on January 16, 2018. Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2017 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. Abraham, et al. Expires January 16, 2018 [Page 1] Internet-Draft 451ImpReport July 2017 This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust’s Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. -
Best VPN Services in 2017 (Speed, Cost & Usability Reviews)
10/8/2017 Best VPN Services in 2017 (Speed, Cost & Usability Reviews) Best VPN Services VPN Reviews & In-Depth Comparisons Brad Smith Sep 18, 2017 With the help of John & Andrey (https://thebestvpn.com/contact-us/), we’ve put together a list of best VPNs. We compared their download/upload speed, support, usability, cost, servers, countries and features. We also analyzed their TOS to see if they keep logs or not and whether they allow P2P and work with Netflix. here’s a link to the spreadsheet (https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/11IZdVCBjVvbdaKx2HKz2hKB4F Z_l8nRJXXubX4FaQj4/) You want to start using a VPN, but don’t know which software/service to use? In this page, we’ve reviewed 30+ most popular VPN services (on going process). In order to find out which are best VPNs, we spent some time on research and speed testing: 1. Installed 30+ VPN software on our personal devices, such as Windows, Mac, Android and iOS and compared their usability. 2. Performed Download/Upload speed tests on speedtest.net to see which had best performing servers. 3. Double checked if they work with Netflix and allow P2P. 4. Read their TOS to verify if they keep logs or not. 5. Compared security (encryption and protocols). That means we’ve dug through a large number of privacy policies (on logging), checked their features, speed, customer support and usability. If you know a good VPN provider that is not listed here, please contact us and we’ll test it out as soon as possible. 5 Best VPNs for Online Privacy and Security Here are the top 5 VPN services of 2017 after our research, analysis, monitoring, testing, and verifying. -
Freedom on the Net 2016
FREEDOM ON THE NET 2016 China 2015 2016 Population: 1.371 billion Not Not Internet Freedom Status Internet Penetration 2015 (ITU): 50 percent Free Free Social Media/ICT Apps Blocked: Yes Obstacles to Access (0-25) 18 18 Political/Social Content Blocked: Yes Limits on Content (0-35) 30 30 Bloggers/ICT Users Arrested: Yes Violations of User Rights (0-40) 40 40 TOTAL* (0-100) 88 88 Press Freedom 2016 Status: Not Free * 0=most free, 100=least free Key Developments: June 2015 – May 2016 • A draft cybersecurity law could step up requirements for internet companies to store data in China, censor information, and shut down services for security reasons, under the aus- pices of the Cyberspace Administration of China (see Legal Environment). • An antiterrorism law passed in December 2015 requires technology companies to cooperate with authorities to decrypt data, and introduced content restrictions that could suppress legitimate speech (see Content Removal and Surveillance, Privacy, and Anonymity). • A criminal law amendment effective since November 2015 introduced penalties of up to seven years in prison for posting misinformation on social media (see Legal Environment). • Real-name registration requirements were tightened for internet users, with unregistered mobile phone accounts closed in September 2015, and app providers instructed to regis- ter and store user data in 2016 (see Surveillance, Privacy, and Anonymity). • Websites operated by the South China Morning Post, The Economist and Time magazine were among those newly blocked for reporting perceived as critical of President Xi Jin- ping (see Blocking and Filtering). www.freedomonthenet.org FREEDOM CHINA ON THE NET 2016 Introduction China was the world’s worst abuser of internet freedom in the 2016 Freedom on the Net survey for the second consecutive year. -
The Internet: a New Tool for Law Enforcement Todd Kirchgraber
The Internet: A New Tool for Law Enforcement Todd Kirchgraber Abstract In the past five years personal computers and the Internet have revolutionized how people are now obtaining information they feel is important in their daily lives. With this “on-line” information explosion comes the ability for law enforcement world wide to share information with citizens, local communities and other police agencies. As this ability grows, are law enforcement agencies taking advantage of all that the Internet has to offer? Is this a useful technology or just a passing fad? This research paper will help to identify which law enforcement agencies in the state of Florida are using the Internet to post web sites as well as their perceived benefits (if any), and the agencies’ goal in developing these sites. Introduction On June 21, 1998, a search of the Internet on the single keyword “police” using the INFOseek sm. search engine located 1,126,036 pages relating to that topic. A similar search conducted on June 16, 1998 within the WebLUIS library system on the key words “Police and Internet” produced only 44 citations prior to 1988 and listed 5000 citations from 1988 to 1998. These numbers alone indicate more and more criminal justice and law enforcement agencies are using this technology to some degree. But how effective is it? With more than 40 million users, the World Wide Web offers boundless opportunities. It reaches a limitless audience, providing users with interactive technology and vast resources. No other medium can achieve this as easily or inexpensively (Clayton, 1997). Today, more and more people are getting online. -
CPS December 1994 - Publications - U.S
CPS December 1994 - Publications - U.S. Census Bureau Publications You are here: Census.gov › Publications › Current Population Survey, December 1994: Lead Paint Survey E Publications Main Current Population Survey, December 1994: Lead Paint Survey E TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION - CPS-94 Current Population Survey, December 1994: Lead Paint Survey [machine-readable data file] / conducted by the Bureau of the Census for the Department of Housing and Urban Development. --Washington: Bureau of the Census [producer and distributor], 1997. This file documentation consists of the following materials: Attachment 1 - Abstract Type of File: Microdata; unit of observation is individuals within housing units. Universe Description: The universe consists of all persons in the civilian noninstitutional population of the United States living in households. The probability sample selected to represent the universe consists of approximately 57,000 households. Subject-Matter Description: Data are provided on labor force activity for the week prior to the survey. Comprehensive data are available on the employment status, occupation, and industry of persons 15 years old and over. Also shown are personal characteristics such as age, sex, race, marital status, veteran status, household relationship, educational background, and Hispanic origin. The lead paint questions were asked for the household. They provide information on the current awareness of the health hazards associated with lead-based paint. Geographic Coverage: State of residence is uniquely identified as well as census geographic division and region. The 113 largest metropolitan areas (CMSA's or MSA's), 89 selected MSA's, 66 selected PMSA's, and 30 central cities in multi-central city MSA's or PMSA's also are uniquely identified.1 Within confidentiality restrictions, indicators are provided for MSA-PMSA/non-MSA-PMSA, central city/noncentral city, farm/non-farm, and MSA/CMSA size. -
THE ARMENIAN Ctator Volume LXXXVII, NO
MAY 27, 2017 Mirror-SpeTHE ARMENIAN ctator Volume LXXXVII, NO. 45, Issue 4489 $ 2.00 NEWS The First English Language Armenian Weekly in the United States Since 1932 INBRIEF Flights Launched DC Police Arrest Between Yerevan and Turkish Guards Tel Aviv YEREVAN (Public Radio of Armenia) — The For Attacking Armenia Aircompany carried the first passengers from Yerevan to Tel Aviv this week. Demonstrators The maiden flight was preceded by a presenta- tion at Zvartnots Airport. Attending the event were Sergey Avetisyan, chief Turkey Chides US Envoy of the General Department of Civil Aviation of Over Handling of Brawl at Armenia, Andranik Shkhyan, deputy general man- Washington Protest ager of Armenia International Airports and Robert Oganesyan, CEO of Armenia Aircompany, directors ISTANBUL (New York Times and of tourism agencies and others. Washington Post) — The Turkish Foreign Avetisyan emphasized the importance of Ministry summoned the American ambas- Yerevan-Tel Aviv flights and wished the Air sador in Ankara on Monday, May 22, to Company safe and effective flights. The Yerevan-Tel Aviv flights will run twice a week complain about the detention of two President Trump and First Lady Melania visited the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. Turkish security officers outside the on Thursdays and Sundays. Turkish Embassy in Washington the prior week, a Turkish official said. Trump Visits Church of the Holy Sepulchre in L.A. Chamber Cancels The detentions occurred about two Jerusalem, Meets Armenian Patriarch hours after Turkish government body- Turkey Business Forum guards were filmed assaulting several pro- JERUSALEM (Armenpress) — US President Donald Trump visited the Church After Protest Beating (RUDAW PHOTO) of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem on Monday, May 15. -
VPN Report 2020
VPN Report 2020 www.av-comparatives.org Independent Tests of Anti-Virus Software VPN - Virtual Private Network 35 VPN services put to test LANGUAGE : ENGLISH LAST REVISION : 20 TH MAY 2020 WWW.AV-COMPARATIVES.ORG 1 VPN Report 2020 www.av-comparatives.org Contents Introduction 4 What is a VPN? 4 Why use a VPN? 4 Vague Privacy 5 Potential Risks 5 The Relevance of No-Logs Policies 6 Using VPNs to Spoof Geolocation 6 Test Procedure 7 Lab Setup 7 Test Methodology 7 Leak Test 7 Kill-Switch Test 8 Performance Test 8 Tested Products 9 Additional Product Information 10 Consolidations & Collaborations 10 Supported Protocols 11 Logging 12 Payment Information 14 Test Results 17 Leak & Kill-Switch Tests 17 Performance Test 19 Download speed 20 Upload speed 21 Latency 22 Performance Overview 24 Discussion 25 General Security Observations 25 Test Results 25 Logging & Privacy Policies 26 Further Recommendations 27 2 VPN Report 2020 www.av-comparatives.org Individual VPN Product Reviews 28 Avast SecureLine VPN 29 AVG Secure VPN 31 Avira Phantom VPN 33 Bitdefender VPN 35 BullGuard VPN 37 CyberGhost VPN 39 ExpressVPN 41 F-Secure Freedome 43 hide.me VPN 45 HMA VPN 47 Hotspot Shield 49 IPVanish 51 Ivacy 53 Kaspersky Secure Connection 55 McAfee Safe Connect 57 mySteganos Online Shield VPN 59 Norton Secure VPN 63 Panda Dome VPN 65 Private Internet Access 67 Private Tunnel 69 PrivateVPN 71 ProtonVPN 73 PureVPN 75 SaferVPN 77 StrongVPN 79 Surfshark 81 TorGuard 83 Trust.Zone VPN 85 TunnelBear 87 VPNSecure 89 VPN Unlimited 91 VyprVPN 93 Windscribe 95 ZenMate VPN 97 Copyright and Disclaimer 99 3 VPN Report 2020 www.av-comparatives.org Introduction The aim of this test is to compare VPN services for consumers in a real-world environment by assessing their security and privacy features, along with download speed, upload speed, and latency. -
Law's Haze, Police Ways, and Tech's Maze: Relationships Between
University of Connecticut OpenCommons@UConn Doctoral Dissertations University of Connecticut Graduate School 12-11-2017 Law's Haze, Police Ways, and Tech's Maze: Relationships between American law, crime, and technology Meghan Peterson University of Connecticut - Storrs, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://opencommons.uconn.edu/dissertations Recommended Citation Peterson, Meghan, "Law's Haze, Police Ways, and Tech's Maze: Relationships between American law, crime, and technology" (2017). Doctoral Dissertations. 1687. https://opencommons.uconn.edu/dissertations/1687 Law’s Haze, Police Ways, and Tech’s Maze Relationships between American law, crime, and technology Meghan B. Peterson, PhD University of Connecticut, 2017 In this dissertation, I explore the role of law in policing operations targeting cyber sex offenders in the United States. Specifically, I examine enforcement in this crime arena as part of an ongoing expansion within the carceral, surveillance, risk-based state. I argue that imprecision and lack of clarity within American law – particularly in the evolving world of online interactions – generate hazy, arbitrary applications in law enforcement. On this point, I submit that absence of legal clarity undermines law enforcement efforts to address crimes – both within and beyond the cyber world. Distinctive spaces of online and tech-based socialization, paired with the rapid evolution of technology, produce complex conditions for law enforcement. These components are further nourished – indeed, created – by a pervasive lack of clarity within the law. In short, law is unable to keep pace with the evolving nature of crime, the technologies of crime, and finally, the technologies of crime response, deterrence, and prevention. -
Technical and Legal Overview of the Tor Anonymity Network
Emin Çalışkan, Tomáš Minárik, Anna-Maria Osula Technical and Legal Overview of the Tor Anonymity Network Tallinn 2015 This publication is a product of the NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence (the Centre). It does not necessarily reflect the policy or the opinion of the Centre or NATO. The Centre may not be held responsible for any loss or harm arising from the use of information contained in this publication and is not responsible for the content of the external sources, including external websites referenced in this publication. Digital or hard copies of this publication may be produced for internal use within NATO and for personal or educational use when for non- profit and non-commercial purpose, provided that copies bear a full citation. www.ccdcoe.org [email protected] 1 Technical and Legal Overview of the Tor Anonymity Network 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 3 2. Tor and Internet Filtering Circumvention ....................................................................................... 4 2.1. Technical Methods .................................................................................................................. 4 2.1.1. Proxy ................................................................................................................................ 4 2.1.2. Tunnelling/Virtual Private Networks ............................................................................... 5 -
Child Pornography on the Internet by Richard Wortley Stephen Smallbone
U.S. Department of Justice Office of Community Oriented Policing Services Problem-Oriented Guides for Police Problem-Specific Guides Series No. 41 Child Pornography on the Internet by Richard Wortley Stephen Smallbone www.cops.usdoj.gov Center for Problem-Oriented Policing Got a Problem? We’ve got answers! Log onto the Center for Problem-Oriented Policing website at www.popcenter.org for a wealth of information to help you deal more effectively with crime and disorder in your www.PopCenter.org community, including: • Web-enhanced versions of all currently available Guides • Interactive training exercises • Online access to research and police practices • Online problem analysis module. Designed for police and those who work with them to address community problems, www.popcenter.org is a great resource in problem-oriented policing. Supported by the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, U.S. Department of Justice. Problem-Oriented Guides for Police Problem-Specific Guides Series Guide No. 41 Child Pornography on the Internet Richard Wortley Stephen Smallbone This project was supported by cooperative agreement #2004CKWXK002 by the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, U.S. Department of Justice. The opinions contained herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the official position of the U.S. Department of Justice. References to specific companies, products, or services should not be considered an endorsement of the product by the author or the U.S. Department of Justice. Rather, the references are illustrations to supplement discussion of the issues. www.cops.usdoj.gov ISBN: 1-932582-65-7 May 2006 About the Problem-Specific Guides Series i About the Problem-Specific Guides Series The Problem-Specific Guides summarize knowledge about how police can reduce the harm caused by specific crime and disorder problems. -
July 21, 2021 Ms. Lisa R. Barton Secretary to the Commission U.S
July 21, 2021 Ms. Lisa R. Barton Secretary to the Commission U.S. International Trade Commission 500 E Street SW Washington, D.C. 20436 Re: Investigation No. 332-585 Dear Ms. Barton: Pursuant to the notice issued by the U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC), the Computer & Communications Industry Association (CCIA) submits the following written comments in relation to Investigation No. 332-585: Foreign Censorship Part 1: Policies and Practices Affecting U.S. Businesses. These comments supplement the testimony delivered at the July 1, 2021 public hearing. Respectfully submitted, /s/ Rachael Stelly Rachael Stelly Policy Counsel Computer & Communications Industry Association 25 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Suite 300C Washington, DC 20001 [email protected] Office: (202) 534-3901 Before the Office of the United States International Trade Commission Washington, D.C. In re Foreign Censorship Part 1: Policies and Investigation No. 332-585 Practices Affecting U.S. Businesses WRITTEN COMMENTS OF THE COMPUTER & COMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION (CCIA) Pursuant to the notice issued by the U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC), the Computer & Communications Industry Association (CCIA) submits the following written comments in relation to Investigation No. 332-585: Foreign Censorship Part 1: Policies and Practices Affecting U.S. Businesses.1 CCIA is an international, not-for-profit trade association representing a broad cross section of communications and technology firms. For nearly fifty years, CCIA has promoted open markets, open systems, and open networks. CCIA members employ more than 1.6 million workers, invest more than $100 billion in research and development, and contribute trillions of dollars in productivity to the global economy.2 CCIA welcomes the opportunity to document various regulations and policy frameworks that serve as market access barriers for Internet services.