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To apply for e-Associate membership and for more information on professional registration contact: E [email protected] T +44 (0)20 7670 4384/320 Volume 43 Number 12 December 2016 USAF Making of a hero A change in power Clint Eastwood, director The varied Bros Warner of ‘Sully’, speaks about technologies for 14 how the ‘miracle of the improving helicopter 26 Hudson’ was adapted performance. for the big screen. Contents

Correspondence on all aerospace matters is welcome at: The Editor, AEROSPACE, No.4 Hamilton Place, W1J 7BQ, UK [email protected] Comment Regulars 4 Radome 12 Transmission The latest and Your letters, emails, tweets aeronautical intelligence, and feedback. analysis and comment. 58 The Last Word Buckle up for turbulence 10 Antenna Keith Hayward looks at what Howard Wheeldon asks lies ahead for Heathrow’s what next for Eurofi ghter. plans to build a third runway. After the surprise outcome of the UK’s Brexit referendum – another shock result has been the US Presidential election win for Donald Trump – a person who has never held government offi ce. What does the election of this outsider mean for aerospace and defence? With aerospace being a truly global industry, there are Features already fears that a Trump Presidency could do damage to this sector by knee-jerk reactions that could spark a trade war. Trade tariffs, for example, on ‘foreign’ could negatively impact jobs at US aerospace companies. Trump has already demonstrated what might be considered to be a limited understanding of the aerospace manufacturing industry – accusing of moving its manufacturing jobs to China after seemingly getting mixed-up that a Boeing 737 interior and paint

completions centre in China was full fi nal assembly production line. Trump’s calls University of Southampton 30 to tear up two international free trade agreements (the TTIP (Transatlantic Trade 18 and Investment Partnership) and TPP (Trans-Pacifi c Partnership) between the US 10,000 and climbing The lessons for new-entry and Europe and Pacifi c could also lead to a slowing of growth around the globe. Falling with style Students at the University of aircraft manufacturers from However, there may be some positive news for passengers, as part of Trump’s Southampton aim to set new Airbus’ road to success. acceptance speech mentioned an ambitious $600bn ‘New Deal’ style stimulus plan wing-suit world records. 34 A game for drones to create jobs by modernising US infrastructure – with airports one of the sectors The ’s Unmanned mentioned. Meanwhile, there could be signifi cant shifts in US defence and foreign Warrior 16 naval exercise policy, as it is known that Trump tilts towards an isolationist stance and has drawn and its implications for autonomous systems. fi re for his pro-Russian links. With Congress also now Republican, there is now an end to the Sequestration stand-off. Most worryingly for Europe, Trump has hinted NAL/RAeS

that NATO Article V, the bedrock that guarantees that ‘an attack on one, is an attack GKN on all’, is up for discussion if he considers NATO allies are not pulling their weight. What is certain for this President is unpredictability. Buckle up for the ride on Trump’s Air Force One, we may be in for turbulence. 22 38 Tim Robinson Visions of the future Plane Speaking [email protected] How many predictions about the future of aviation made An interview with Kevin NEWS IN BRIEF by RAeS experts in 1966 Cummings CEO of GKN actually came true? Aerospace. Editor-in-Chief AEROSPACE is published by the Royal AEROSPACE subscription rates: Tim Robinson Aeronautical Society (RAeS). Non-members, £155 +44 (0)20 7670 4353 Chief Executive Please send your order to: [email protected] Simon C Luxmoore Dovetail Services Ltd, 800 Guillat Deputy Editor Advertising Avenue, Kent Science Park, 41 Afterburner Bill Read Simon Levy Sittingbourne, Kent ME9 8GU, UK. +44 (0)20 7670 4351 +44 (0)20 7670 4346 +44 (0)1795 592939 [email protected] [email protected] +44 (0)844 856 0650 (fax) 42 Message from our President [email protected] Publications Manager Unless specifi cally attributed, no 43 Message from our Chief Executive Chris Male material in AEROSPACE shall be taken Any member not requiring a print +44 (0)20 7670 4352 to represent the opinion of the RAeS. version of this magazine, please 44 Book Reviews [email protected] contact: [email protected] Reproduction of material used in this 47 Library additions Online Production Editor publication is not permitted without the USA: Periodical postage paid at Wayne J Davis written consent of the Editor-in-Chief. Champlain and additional 48 Sir Henry Royce Lecture Additional features and content +44 (0)20 7670 4354 offi ces. [email protected] Printed by Buxton Press Limited, 49 150th Anniversary gifts are available to view online on Palace Road, Buxton, Derbyshire Postmaster: Send address changes www.media.aerosociety.com/ Book Review Editor SK17 6AE, UK to IMS of New York, PO Box 1518, 50 Stepping up to aerospace-insight Champlain NY 12919-1518, USA. Management Brian Riddle Including: Management predictions from 1966, Editorial Offi ce Distributed by Royal Mail 51 New at the NAL Aerospace and a Trump presidency, Redressing Royal Aeronautical Society ISSN 2052-451X the balance, Airbus delivers 10,000th aircraft, No.4 Hamilton Place 52 Diary London’s runways – into the fi nal act?, A London W1J 7BQ, UK 55 Corporate Partners AEROSPACE +44 (0)20 7670 4300 preview of November’s , [email protected] 56 RAeS Elections A game for drones, Rafale deal www.aerosociety.com Front cover: USAF HH-60 Pave Hawks over . (USAF) sealed at last, Faster fuel 57 Obituary

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INTELLIGENCE / ANALYSIS / COMMENT

Cockpit and avionics Information on the J-20’s avionics and systems is patchy but the fi ghter does feature a large HUD. In addition, cockpit mock-ups at Zhuhai showed a large F-35-like widescreen display, centre pedestal MFD display, standby instruments and an upfront controller. The fi ghter is believed to be equipped with a KKJ-5 AESA radar and also sports a chin-mounted EO/IRST sensor, similar to the F-35’s faceted window EOTS.

DEFENCE Chinese stealth on show Airshow China 2016 held in Zhuhai on 6-11 November saw the much-awaited fi rst public appearance of China’s secretive new Chengdu J-20 stealth fi ghter. Two J-20s appeared briefl y at the show, one of which did a longer fl ypast. The J-20 is a fi fth-generation stealth fi ghter aircraft developed by Chengdu Aerospace for China’s People’s Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF). The aircraft in the display, sporting a new grey splinter camoufl age, are believed to be two of four low-rate initial production (LRIP) examples, although one report claims that up to 11 LRIP airframes have been produced. The fi rst prototype J-20 fl ew on 11 January 2011 and the aircraft could enter service as early as 2017 after operational evaluation at Dingxin air base.

4 AEROSPACE / DECEMBER 2016 Mystery mission China has been tight-lipped over what the J-20's precise role will be in service with the PLAAF, and whether it is indeed a fi ghter or a stealth strike aircraft. However, informed observers have speculated that a large combat aircraft could be optimised for long-range Pacifi c air superiority – particularly to go after high-value assets, such as tankers and AWACS.

Engines The engines for the J-20 prototype are believed to have been derivatives of the Russian AL-31 or Chinese Shenyang WS-10 engines but these may be replaced by the more powerful Saturn AL-31F 117S engine used on the Su-35S or China’s own WS-15 turbofan engine, Specifi cations enabling the fi ghter to accelerate to Crew: one supercruise without using afterburners. Length: 20m (66.8ft) The engines do not appear to have thrust Wingspan: 13m (44.2ft) vectoring capabilities. Alert5/Commons Wikipedia

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AEROSPACE GENERAL AVIATION Third Heathrow runway approved Albatross back from the dead

A company, Amphibian has signed an agreement Aerospace Industries (AAI), to remanufacture the is planning to resume H-111T Turbo Albatross Flying B production of oa at a A$100m t F ilm the Grumman factory in New G-111/HU- South Wales,

Heathrow AirportHeathrow 16 Albatross . The UK Government has given the go-ahead for the construction of a third 3,500m amphibian,  Meanwhile, runway at London which would increase the capacity of the airport from which fi rst an Albatross 480,000 fl ights per year to 740,000. The decision, which was approved by ministers at fl ew in 1947. is also set to a cabinet committee meeting on 25 October, has been welcomed by a wide number of The revamped be the star of unions and business groups and criticised by some ministers, local resident groups and Albatross will be based an upcoming movie environmental campaigners. A study led by Sir Howard Davis and published in 2015 on the G-111 commercial documentary on fl ying recommended a third runway at Heathrow. Planning for the new runway is expected to model and will be powered boats currently being fi lmed take up to four years with another six years needed for construction. by modern . AAI by Films. AIR TRANSPORT DEFENCE ATR wins Latin American Kuznetsov goes deals to war manufacturer for a further six ATR 72- ATR has won a fi rm 600s. Meanwhile, ATR order for eight South America’s ATR -600 Synergy aircraft from Aerospace On 15 November Russia begun a series of intensive Mexican has placed an air and naval strikes on anti-regime forces in Aleppo, regional order for 12 . The attacks included the fi rst ever combat ATR 72- 600 operations from the Admiral Kuznetsov aircraft carrier, Aeromar. The (and six options) as well as cruise missile strikes. Equipped with Su-33 purchase splits into for its Argentinean and MiG-29Ks, the Kuznetsov lost a MiG-29K on 14 six ATR 72-600s and two airline Avian Líneas November, with the pilot ejecting safely.

ATR-42 -600s with options Aéreas. Russian MoD

NEWS IN BRIEF

(Radiometer Assessment and storm Intensity with a consolidation of sites in CFM International has A female Chinese fi ghter using Vertically Aligned Constellation of Smallsats). the US. Meanwhile, a new delivered its 30,000th pilot from the PLAAF Nanotubes) to be BDS Boeing Defense CFM56 turbofan. The ‘August 1st’ display launched in November Indian air charter specialists Global Operations group, engine manufacturer is team was killed on 12 which will be followed in Premair has taken delivery (including UK, Saudi also ramping up production November after a mid-air 2017 by IceCube and of the fi rst Bell 407GXP Arabia and Australia) will of its new LEAP engine collision between two J-10 HARP, (Hyper-Angular helicopter to be delivered be run from the UK. of which it will produce fi ghters during a practice Rainbow Polarimeter) in India. The aircraft was around 100 in 2016 and session. Her co-pilot, it was to be launched in ordered earlier this year Kazakhstan’s fl ag over 2,000 engines per reported, ejected safely. Spring 2017, MiRaTA and has been outfi tted carrier Air Astana has year by 2020. (Microwave Radiometer for corporate and VIP taken delivery of its fi rst NASA is to begin Technology Acceleration), transport. A320neo. The aircraft, Launch customer for the launching a suite of six CYGNSS (Cyclone, Global which is leased from ALC, Bombardier CSeries 300 small cube sats on a Navigation Satellite System Boeing Space and is the fi rst neo for a CIS AirBaltic is set to begin variety of Earth-observation and TROPICS (Time- Defense is to shed carrier and will join 13 operations with the CS300 missions. The satellites Resolved Observations 500 jobs over the next A320s already operated by on 14 December. will comprise RAVAN of Precipitation structure four years as part of a Air Astana.

6 AEROSPACE / DECEMBER 2016 SPACEFLIGHT DEFENCE RAF concludes Asia- Latest ISS As AEROSPACE goes to press, the latest crew for Pacifi c tour crew set the ISS, Expedition 50/51 is set to launch from The has as displays and visits to to launch Baikonur Cosmodrome. concluded a training, India, , Oman and

The Soyuz Soyuz MS-03 goodwill and defence MoD the UAE. Meanwhile, crew consists of NASA diplomacy tour RAF Typhoons astronaut Peggy Whitson, of Asia- have also Roscosmos cosmonaut Pacifi c. The taken part in Oleg Novitskiy and ESA deployment the fi rst ever astronaut Thomas Pesquet. included the joint exercise They join Robert S fi rst ever visit Guardian Kimbrough (NASA), Sergey by the RAF North 16 with Ryzhikov and Andrei Red Arrows to ’s JASDF, as Borisenko (Roscosmos) China, where the team well as the fi rst ever UK- who launched to the station put on nine displays at the US-RoK exercise Invincible in October. Zhuhai Air Show, as well Shield, in South Korea. NASA AIR TRANSPORT AEROSPACE Two separate fi res Baby boomer at US airports At On 28 October passengers uncontained failure of the Centennial were forced to evacuate right engine with debris Airport in Denver, US an American being found half a mile start-up Boom Aerospace after a blown away. tyre caused an engine  Meanwhile, on the has unveiled a XB-1 sub-scale fi re at Chicago's O'Hare same day, a FedEx supersonic demonstrator mock-up, airport. Eight people MD-10 freighter at Fort designed to de-risk technologies for a out of the 161 onboard Lauderdale-Hollywood planned 40-seat, Mach 2.2 airliner. The one- were reported with minor International Airport also third scale XB-1 is powered by three GE Aviation injuries after an attempted caught fi re after its landing take-off was aborted and gear collapsed on the J85-21 engines and is set to fl y in late 2017 with emergency slides deployed. runway. Both FedEx crew supersonic testing to take place at Edwards AFB. Boom has already Initial reports suggest an members escaped safely. won 25 commitments from two airlines for its larger airliner. Boom Aerospace

the Russian Federation, improve competitiveness. . Leonardo has delivered On 4 November, allowing the aircraft to be Seats on 25 BA 777s will ESA’s Schiaparelli the fi rst two of eight M346 Bombardier’s new Global used by Russian operators. be increased from 280 to unmanned lander is now advanced trainers to the 7000 business jet made Embraer’s E190 and E195 332 from 2018. believed to have crashed Polish Air Force. The fi rst its maiden fl ight from jets have already been onto the surface of Mars group of six Polish pilots the company's facility certifi ed in Russia and The UK MoD has awarded due to a software glitch. graduated from the M346 in Toronto, . The the E195 is already being Raytheon UK a £131m Schiaparelli was released instructors course in Italy aircraft will begin a fl ight fl own by Saratov Airlines. contract to extend the over the Red Planet from in October. test programme leading up support of the RAF the ExoMars Trace Gas to entry into service in the is to Sentinel R1 spyplane to Orbiter on 19 October but Airbus Safran Launchers' second half of 2018. increase seating density 2021. However, despite lost contact during the fi nal Ariane 6 launcher has on its Gatwick-based the intention outlined in stages of the landing. ESA received a commitment Embraer's E170 and the fl eet to ten SDSR 2015 to reduce scientists believe that the from the ESA for the E175 regional jets have abreast, as well as its numbers, no decision will probe may have jettisoned fi nal €1.7bn tranche of received type certifi cates Airbus short-haul fl eet in be made on reducing the its parachute too early and funding for development from the Federal Air an attempt to lower the Sentinel fl eet from fi ve to not fi red its thrusters for of this rocket. Transport Agency of average cost per seat and four until March 2017. long enough.

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GENERAL AVIATION AEROSPACE Rockwell Collins buys B/E Aerospace

Avionics, simulation Rockwell’s reach into airline systems specialists seating, gallery and cabin Rockwell Collins is to interiors products that B/E Ro acquire cabin ckw provides – as well as el l C o interiors l more aftermarket ll in company B/E s opportunities. Aerospace for If approved by $8.3bn – the shareholders biggest ever and regulators, acquisition the merged

Uber in its 83-year company will history. The deal, have almost 30,000 Uber says ‘fl ying cars’ only a valued $6.4bn in cash plus employees, and have decade away $1.9bn of debt extends $8.1bn in revenue. Popular ridesharing and global taxi company Uber has DEFENCE released its vision of future aerial transportation, called Uber Elevate. It predicts that, within ten years, aerial taxis The US DoD has assigned the fi rst nations to provide maintenance, repair, overhaul will be available for urban areas, with piloted aircraft fi nally and upgrades for the Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II. The UK will support European giving way to fully automated ‘fl ying cars’. The company F-35s with avionics and aircraft component sustainment via a partnership with the MoD’s Defence Electronics and Components Agency, BAE does not plan to produce vehicles itself but is positioning Systems and at MoD Sealand in itself to deliver ‘on-demand’ aerial transport services Wales. Meanwhile, The and Australia are once available and ‘collaborate with vehicle developers, also set to be MRO and upgrade centres for the regulators, city and national governments, and other F-35. community stakeholders’.

On 11 November a ULA Atlas V launched the WorldView 4 commercial imagery satellite from Vandenberg AFB in California. WorldView 4, owned by DigitalGlobe, doubles the amount of 30cm resolution imagery available to customers. US assigns F-35 global MRO hubs Lockheed Martin Lockheed NEWS IN BRIEF

fl ight tests prior to fi rst attack jet has completed the Japan Meteorological Quest Aircraft has won an deliveries. The C929 is a weapons exercise at Agency, the satellite Flight Sciences is order for 20 of its STOL expected to be powered by the White Sands Missile will monitor images of to develop an unmanned Kodiak turboprops from GE or Rolls-Royce engines. Range. The three-month typhoons and severe cargo version of the Japanese charter company tests included weapons weather. UH-1H Huey. The Tactical SkyTrek. The European Commission system design, integration Autonomous Aerial has ordered three airlines and fl ight test co-ordination On 31 October, Cirrus Logistics System (TALOS) Chinese manufacturer to repay €12.7m in for three weapon types. Aircraft’s new Vision will see a demonstrator fl y COMAC has announced illegal state aid given by Jet was awarded FAA in 2017. plans to build a 280-seat Klagenfurt airport in Austria. Japan launched a two- certifi cation. Billed as the twin-engined wide-body jet The airlines involved are stage H-2A rocket into world’s fi rst single-engine Despite passenger in partnership with United Ryanair (ordered to repay orbit on 3 November ‘personal jet’, the Vision Jet numbers rising by 6.6%, Aircraft Corporation in about €2m), TUIfl y (€1.1m) carrying the four-ton is powered by a Williams easyJet pre-tax profi ts to Russia. Called the C929, and HLX (€9.6m). Himawari 9 Earth FJ33 engine and can 21 September fell 27.9% the new aircraft would take observation satellite. Built seat up to fi ve. It is also due to a year of challenges, seven years to develop and AirLand’s Scorpion by the Mitsubishi Electric equipped with an airframe including terror attacks and a further three to conduct reconnaissance and light Corp and operated by ballistic parachute system. a tumbling pound.

8 AEROSPACE / DECEMBER 2016 GENERAL AVIATION AIR TRANSPORT Weight of debt grounds Airbus, Etihad partner for A380 MRO Erickson

Portland-based heavy lift in debt, has also been hit rotary-wing specialist Er by the drawdown icks Erickson has fi led on of US military for Chapter 11 operations in bankruptcy . protection, The company amid a operates sustained a fl eet of downturn in 69 rotary and the oil and gas fi xed-wing aircraft, industries. The company, including its famous S-64 which is around $561m Aircrane. Etihad Airways Engineering Airbus and UAE carrier Etihad Airways Engineering have AEROSPACE signed a MoU to develop new A380 maintenance services for third parties. The co-operation agreement will use parts General Atomics Angel of from Airbus' Satair inventory management subsidiary and Aeronautical Systems see A380 MRO services and upgrades available in Abu (GA-ASI) has announced mercy Dhabi from 2017. that it is ready to support dedicated air-dropped is to purchase humanitarian missions H225M Caracals and Boeing CH-47F using a company-owned Chinooks for the Republic of Singapore Air Predator C Avenger UAV Force (RSAF). No number to be acquired demonstrator, called is given but the Singaporean Minef says ‘Angel One’. The UAV, says GA-ASI, would a ‘fewer number’ of these will replace the be able to feed 3,400 older 32 AS332 Super Pumas and 16 people a day by dropping CH-47SDs currently in service. 8,400lb of humanitarian ration packs from internal bays. SPACEFLIGHT General Atomics INFOGRAPHIC: Asteroid mining – a The Airbus Group has ON THE appointed Rodin Lyasoff new outer space gold rush? MOVE as CEO of its advanced projects and partnerships Kelly Ortberg has been company A³. named the new CEO of Rockwell Collins. Bart Reijnen, formerly a SVP Airbus DS, is now Air -KLM EVP CEO of Satair Group, engineering and succeeding Mikkel maintenance, Franck Bardram. Terner, is to become the next CEO of Air France. Pat Norris FRAeS has been awarded a 'Sir President Mugabe's son- Arthur Clarke Award' for in-law, Simba Chikore, will Lifetime Achievement to become the new COO of spacefl ight by the British Air Zimbabwe. Interplanetary Society. Planetary Resources

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o the various air forces that operate the in a number of Gulf-based countries, and, Eurofi ghter Typhoon and from the many interestingly, in Belgium and Finland. Indeed, having conversations that I have had with the followed the Eurofi ghter export sales programme Tpilots that fl y them, it is genuinely diffi cult very closely since its inception, I would suggest to fi nd anyone prepared to talk of the that that the number of export campaigns that are aircraft as not being superb to fl y, fantastic in terms current has probably never been greater. of overall mission capability and the best military So, while it is true that due to timing and other combat jet that Europe has ever produced. issues, fi nal assembly rate and volumes are likely to Eurofi ghter is the result of what has and scale back, with concomitant transition of the four remains Europe’s largest military industrial assembly facilities across Europe, manufacturing collaboration programme. Considered to be remains very much alive and well and the aircraft an enormous success in relation to military undoubtedly has very good future prospects. capability, it offers to partner governments and export customers and very importantly also in Full spectrum evolution respect of industrial economic returns, jobs and skills retention. Since the aircraft fi rst entered Beyond the manufacturing debate, investment in the operational service in 2004 more than 500 continued capability evolution of Typhoon continues aircraft have so far been built and delivered to six apace. For instance, in March 2019, Royal Air Force nations – Germany, Italy, , Britain together Typhoon aircraft are planned to pick up the full with the two initial export customers, Austria and spectrum of UK combat air capability as the three, . In 2012 Oman became the seventh (by then likely just two), remaining squadrons of customer for Eurofi ghter, ordering 12 aircraft GR4 aircraft are fi nally retired. through the UK and, in 2016, Kuwait signed The ability for Typhoon to soon have full contracts with the Italian partners to acquire 28 spectrum capability and to deliver a wider arsenal fi ghters of complex weapons, combined with the growing To facilitate the volume and rate of deliveries reputation of the jet as being platform of choice in to the four core nations in the Eurofi ghter contingent operations are of course, all important management agency NETMA, (which acts on behalf from an export perspective as well. Full spectrum of the four partner nations in the programme) capability able to provide users with exceptional had established four assembly lines, one each in levels of fl exibility, accuracy, reliability and, of course, Germany, Spain, Italy and the UK. The production rapid delivery of combat air effects will make plan has worked remarkably well but, with fewer Typhoon all but unbeatable. than 60 aircraft from the original partner aircraft orders likely to be outstanding as we enter 2017, it is natural to expect that, notwithstanding further anticipated export orders for Typhoon, that the delivery rate and volumes from the four assembly facilities will need to reduce as they transition to new roles, such as the long-term MRO and sustainment of the Europe-wide fl eet. While deliveries to the core partner nations are drawing toward a conclusion, export opportunities for Eurofi ghter Typhoon remain very much alive. While BAE Systems has scaled back on Typhoon aircraft assembly, the company continues to produce component parts and remains ready for anticipated export sales. The list of potential export customers remains large with campaigns running

10 AEROSPACE / DECEMBER 2016 With the continued investment in future bringing the F-35 into service for carrier strike capability evolution (AESA, potential for SPEAR and continuing (and perhaps further developing) 3 etc) across an expanding customer base, the partnership with France. The two nations Eurofi ghter will not only offer users much needed have already signed a commitment to produce full spectrum capability that translates to robust and a prototype Future Combat Air Systems (FCAS) cost-effective military air power platform capability system, a UCAV that might eventually form the basis ONE THING but also one that can sustain key technologies and for future requirements for European members of IS FOR SURE, skills within the Europe’s still wide defence industrial NATO. But can we still go further in partnership BRITAIN WILL base. terms? As it appears that we are in no mood to go it NEVER AGAIN alone, I hope that we will. IN MY VIEW GO Longer term future? Forward in collaboration IT ALONE ON A But what of the longer term future for manned air MANNED FAST power capability? In the very competitive world Compared to the commitment made by the UK COMBAT JET of fast jet sales and government-to-government and by the US in relation to the JSF development sales in which the buyer holds most of the cards, programme, it is true the FCAS agreement made PROGRAMME it is the Lockheed Martin F-35 that heads the with France appears to be quite small. But it is list of programmes that are likely to still be in at least a start and it shows that the potential for production 20 years from now. Given the 15% further European collaboration remains. workshare enjoyed by UK-based companies on the We have been there before, of course, and while programme, that is clearly good news for Britain. hard lessons on collaborative projects have needed Other legacy fi ghter still in production, such as the to be learned from government partner programmes Saab Gripen, Dassault Rafale, Lockheed Martin such as Eurofi ghter development and, more recently, F-16, Boeing F-15 and F/A-18, continue to vie from the A400M programme we should not lose hard in international markets for new sales and, with sight of many successful projects that the UK none of the manufacturers involved likely to pull the has previously enjoyed with France, such as the plug on these if they can avoid doing so, some of SEPECAT Jaguar or the hugely successful Panavia these may well remain in production well into the Tornado. Neither should we ignore the partnership 2030s. between France, Italy and the UK that is MBDA. But at some point over the next fi ve or six One thing is for sure, Britain will never again years, Britain will need to decide whether aircraft in my view go it alone on a manned fast combat such as the F-35, Eurofi ghter and Rafale plus jet programme and neither, with the possible other legacy combat jets still in production, mark exception of France, will any other European the end of manned fast jet aircraft capability. The NATO member either. Collaboration will be the UK may have to make this decision individually or order of the day whether we like it or not. For the collectively, perhaps with the US or (despite Brexit) moment, Britain does at least retain the ability to with France or even Germany and Italy. The jury is design and build fast military jets and to continually just going out but, I for one, fi rmly believe that one upgrade them as required. We still have the design more generation of manned combat jets will be engineers, the technicians and the necessary required. The US already appears to be moving in engineering skills base to achieve whatever that direction. we might want but the trouble is that we are For Britain, the immediate future continues undecided about the desire to build and whether to be based on delivering Tranche 3 Typhoon there are the funds available. complex weapon delivery and radar enhancement, In this low risk age, if we do decide that we need to develop another manned fast jet in Europe and that we don’t wish to buy-off-the-shelf, then the way forward can only be a more concise collaborative partnership than any that have gone before. FCAS could be pointing the way forward and, at the very least, it will keep Britain and France in the forefront of military aerospace design, albeit in unmanned aircraft. As I am on record as saying before: “The days of designing and building squadrons of Lightning fi ghter jets [on our own] are probably gone for good but there is still light at the end of the tunnel. It is a different kind of light today, one that says British expertise in specialist areas and partnerships, in design and in the most advanced technologies is the ultimate long term way forward for our defence aerospace industry.” Eurofi ghter Eurofi

@aerosociety i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com DECEMBER 2016 11 Transmission

LETTERS AND ONLINE

Re-investing in Third Heathrow runway obvious in 1945 defence? How predictable to see the I was until recently an EU fall over itself aghast AME (aviation medical at the election of President examiner). One day, some Elect Trump. Also how years ago, a professional typical to hear Mr Juncker pilot came to see me for a renewal of his Class 1 i repeat his call for the medical licence. During setting up of a European the course of his medical Army so that “Europe can he remarked to me that, Nick Carpenter [On become a global power”, in the past, the CAA (Civil Heathrow Airport central area under construction in 1955. Heathrow third runway] as the new EU High Aviation Authority) had their With the British Chamber of Representative for Foreign own aircraft and that he fl ight path was directly over snags can be sorted out Commerce estimating the Affairs has suggested! had been part of the fl ight a new housing area! Why without incurring expensive wider economic benefi ts Further proof that the crew. He went on to say bother with a professional mistakes. Consideration of a third runway at LHR EU just doesn’t get the that that he and a colleague opinion? It would be should also be given to at £595m it is hard to fact that a new dynamics had been commissioned to interesting to known the feeder routes and rail understand why something sweeping away the tired, report on the suitability of a who made the decision links. A lot could also be concrete has not been comfy, ineffective old order disused base, now and why, to end up with learned from visits to other done. In the time it has which has failed to step up known as Heathrow, as an the problems of today’s international airports which taken to pontifi cate about to new challenges in a very airport for London. They Heathrow. Let us learn from might reveal helpful ideas. this the Australians have dangerous world. Setting concluded that Heathrow the stupidity of the past. The industry and the not decided on a site for the up a rival European Army was suitable and stated We do not need to decide the Government should new Sydney airport, Hong would probably terminally that, while the two runways Heathrow or Gatwick. We be allowed to guide this Kong has built a bridge damage NATO and would at that time (1945) were will need both in the very very important undertaking to Macau, the Chinese have little to show for all suffi cient, three would near future. They should for the sake of the have expanded their the extra expenditure other be needed in the future. be combined to retain the future of British Aviation aviation footprint beyond than yet another shiny new This recommendation was best aspects of both. This transportation. recognition and we have headquarters building. At disregarded, the land was should be done cautiously, allowed ourselves to lag Dr W Alexander Beck some stage Mrs May will sold for housing and the so that the inevitable behind risking Heathrow’s have to replace Chancellor pre-eminent position as a Hammond, who is the least hub. Extraordinary! enthusiastic in her Cabinet to set an example and industrial sector which has heading for melt-down for increasing defence signifi cantly re-invest in been starved of orders for (due to having insuffi cient Matthew Pakes I’m spending in real terms. The defence, to better protect our own Services, which personnel to re-generate disappointed a decision UK, following the Brexit ourselves, strengthen underpin export sales. This the front line). Clearly the hasn’t been made after decision and the election NATO and to restore will require real leadership time is approaching where all this time. The lack of of Mr Trump in the US, respect in the Anglo-US and ending the deep- actions will count more negotiating power bought and continued dithering defence relationship. rooted denial culture in than mere words. about by the lack of in Brussels, now has an It could also give a the MoD and the Treasury landing slots has caused unusually favourable much-needed boost to that pretends things are Richard Gardner us trouble I’ve no doubt. political backdrop in which our struggling defence getting better rather than MRAeS

On future aerospace the same great aircraft engineers designers! We included I enjoyed the editorial George Carter (Gloster piece ‘On the shoulders Aircraft Company) of giants’ in the October alongside engine pioneer edition of AEROSPACE(1). to give the At the Jet Age Museum students awareness of f in Gloucestershire (www. great designers working jetagemuseum.org), we here in Gloucestershire, Amanda Wickwar [On have recently developed on their doorstep! Many recruiting female pilots(2)] a Science Technology thanks for an interesting The male/female thing is Engineering and Maths piece – and I was overplayed, but, speaking as outreach activity aimed interested to hear about a woman engineer, there is a at Key Stage 3 (11 to 14 Boeing’s planned culture dire need to reduce gender year old) school students. change to bring back students when kicking encouraging that you and stereotyping. This can only I attach a slide from ‘applied gut feel’ in design! off the activity. This the Museum see the same be done by promoting the presentation which slide was put together point, and in most cases STEM topics and educating we use to inspire the Brian Rawnsley earlier this year, and it is independently picked children from a very young age (and their parents!)

12 AEROSPACE / DECEMBER 2016 that there is nothing wrong Can the balance be redressed with more female pilots? in a woman choosing to @designerjet be a pilot, engineer, panel [On (2)] beater etc. anymore than Redressing the balance there is anything wrong in It’s a wonderful article It a man deciding to become really presents a full-story a chef, fashion designer, on the complications or hairdresser. It is time of recruiting—for both Royal Airlines Royal everyone woke up to the fact genders. Loved it. that we are all individuals and the days of forcing Richard Gearing presents the fi rst prize in the 2016 RAeS @thejollyboatman people into a particular Aviation ‘Pub Quiz’ to Tony career because of their Maybe because our Osborne from the Aviation industry thinks fatigue, gender, while ignoring where Week team. that person’s true passion or burnout and job insecurity abilities lay, is not good for @Aerosociety: are acceptable and society now or in the future. Congratulations to the women are too smart to Buccaneers, put up with it? The fi rst all female fl ight crew for Royal Brunei Airlines – Cpt Sharifah Czarena, SFO DK Nadiah and SFO Sariana. Richard Fitzpatrick The @ShepherdNews and world doesn’t ‘need’ more @AviationWeek who made @stufftamzinsays female anything, or more the top three in tonight’s Actually looking at an @TWPILOT1 The @Tim_the_Pilot This is male anything. As long as #AeroQuiz #avgeek continued deterioration market forces at play. Risks those hired and employed applicant’s CV and not just binning it when they in working conditions & cost verses reward and are the most competent, within the industry should lifestyle. Airlines are the demographic group that see <500 hours and no current type rating would be a bigger concern. competing against other they come from is entirely #racetothebottom career options. Simple. irrelevant. be a start! Wikipedia

RAeS Careers in Aerospace LIVE 2016

@Light_Flight22 The @AeroSociety US air show pilot Bob @RAeSCareers Careers Hoover died in October at in Aerospace Live well the age of 84. underway. Great turnout and lots of interest! @JamesBosbotinis [On @redvanman12 [On Bob Donald Trump’s effect Hoover passing away] on aviation, defence and Another great aviator @EngCouncil #CIAALiVE spacefl ight] Very useful passes away. brings together industry & piece by @RAeSTimR, educational partnerships: @AeroSociety, looking at the implications of Trump’s @BobDmorcom [On Eric election on aerospace, Winkle Brown’s medals defence and space. and logbooks being up @CobhamCareers Had @Redaye94 @Abiwitts Final for auction] it should go a fantastic day talking to Looking presentation done and to a museum rather than a everyone about exciting forward to the afternoon dusted, busy day here at @samalexnicholas private collection opportunities at session of #CIALIVE2016 Surely defence spending @Cobham_plc! on my way now. #CIALIVE2016 in NATO countries will now signifi cantly rise as Trump’s @FlyNavyTrust Can’t views on NATO now put believe this! He told me he the alliance in doubt was leaving them to FAA Museum along with his 1. AEROSPACE, October, 2016, p 3 log-books!! 2. http://www.aerosociety.com/News/Insight-Blog/4897/Redressing-the-balance @henrycobb Calling for an end to waste fraud and abuse in the @byantium Should be @PentagonBudget bodes purchased by nation for Online ill for @thef35? Imperial War Museum. Additional features and content are available to view online at http://media.aerosociety.com/aerospace-insight

@aerosociety i Findlinkedin.com/raes us on LinkedIn f facebook.com/raesFind us on Facebook. www.aerosociety.comwww.aerosociety.com DECEMBER 2016 13 AEROSPACE New aircraft USAF/Tech Sgt David Salanitri USAF/Tech

Technologies for improving rotorcraft engine power, boost performance and increase efficiency are now underway on both sides of the Atlantic, as ROB COPPINGER discovers.

elicopter engine development on either On the US side of the Atlantic the 3,000shp side of the Atlantic Ocean is following engine work aims to deliver an engine that will very different paths, including piston replace the different versions of the GE T700 Hengines, two spools, kerosene and a turboshaft that powers the Boeing AH-64 Apache variable speed capability, to achieve and Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk. The T700 broadly the same goals, improved fuel effi ciency, versions are the 401C, 701C and 701D. The latest reduced emissions, more power and greater version, the 701D, has a diameter of 39.6cm and is reliability. 117cm long. It has a mass of 207kg and produces The engines to be developed also have target 1,279kW of energy with a specifi c fuel consumption power outputs that vary widely. The expected shaft of 0.462lb per horse power hour. The 701D, which horse powers (shp) range from the few hundreds was retrofi tted across fl eets in the early 2000s, up to 3,000. Italian fi rm Egimotors and Airbus can provide 2,000shp for a couple of minutes but Helicopters and the European Union’s Clean Sky normally provides 1,279shp continuously. programme have shp goals below 1,000. Safran The US Army’s goal is to develop a replacement Helicopter Engines, which includes what was engine with 50% more power and 25% more The UH-60 Black Hawk family Turbomeca, General Electric (GE) Aviation and fuel effi ciency, compared to the T700, and 20% of helicopters will use the successful engine chosen the Honeywell and Pratt & Whitney joint venture, more operational life. The engine must be able to from the US Government’s Advanced Turbine Engine Company (ATEC), have a operate at 1,800m (6,000ft) and in a climate of Improved Turbine Engine target of 3,000shp. 95°F. The engine also has to fi t similar dimensions Program (ITP).

14 AEROSPACE / DECEMBER 2016 to the T701D because it will be retrofi tted to the project, in collaboration with NASA. Apache and Blackhawks. In August, the Army A variable speed power turbine is expected awarded contracts to GE Aviation and ATEC for the to further improve fuel consumption and engine Improved Turbine Engine Programme (ITEP) which durability because the turbine can operate across will lead to the T700 replacement. a wider range, 55-105% of maximum speed The ATEC demonstrator engine is the and power, instead of a turboshaft’s usual 95- THE US ARMY’S Honeywell Pratt & Whitney (HPW) 3000. The 105% range. AVSPOT’s goal was a laboratory GOAL IS TO HPW3000 was developed during the US Army’s demonstration of AVSPOT technology in 2016. DEVELOP A C Advanced Affordable Turbine Engine (AATE) raig M ATEC President, Craig Madden, told ad de REPLACEMENT n AEROSPACE programme, which preceded ITEP, and (P : “Because of the competitive re s i d ENGINE WITH will also be used in the Army’s Alternate e nature I can’t talk numbers but I’ll tell you n t ,

A Concept Engine (ACE) programme T that it was a very successfully completed E 50% MORE

C by ATEC. The ACE programme is to ) program and our rig testing was deemed POWER AND develop an engine with up to 10,000shp to be a successful rig test and met the for the aircraft that could replace the program’s goals.” He added that AVSPOT 25% MORE FUEL Apache and Black Hawk in the 2030s. testing has been completed and the fi nal EFFICIENCY, “The improved turbine engine, report has been written and submitted to the COMPARED TO (ITEP) that is a follow-on of a (science US Army. THE T700 and technology) programme that we have been ATEC’s competitor for the T700 replacement executing since 2008 and are nearing the engine is GE Aviation. Its demonstrator engine is completion of, and the improved engine (ITEP) the GE3000. The company was not available for preliminary design review is the follow-on phase comment but it has said that its GE3000, which is to that (AATE) demonstrator engine,” ATEC Vice single spool, will use ceramic matrix composites, President, Gerry Wheeler, told AEROSPACE. additive manufacturing and was designed with the latest in three-dimensional aerodynamics. Like the Two spools HPW3000, the GE3000 promises 25% better fuel economy, 20% longer life but also 65% more The HPW3000 design has two spools, which power to weight, compared to the T700. ATEC claims has a 3-4% specifi c fuel consumption The GE3000 was partly developed through the advantage against single spool engines. In a turbine US Army’s Future Affordable Turbine Engine (FATE) engine, the spool is the shaft that links the forward programme. GE was also involved in the AATE and compressor with the rearward turbine. A two- AVSPOT programmes. In related helicopter engine ATEC spool engine has two shafts, with one inside the research, the US Army selected GE to perform other and both rotating independently. They both conceptual design and trade analysis on still have a compressor in the forward portion and the two-year Rotorcraft turbine in the aft portion of the shaft. Advanced Engine “We have chosen to pursue a two-spool Integrated Controls System architecture in our engine which means we have programme. a high pressure and a low-pressure system. Fixed wing engines are almost all two spool, we haven’t TECH 3000 done a single spool military fi xed wing engine in a long, long, long time. Current US military helicopter In Europe, engines the ones that power Apache, Black Hawk Safran Helicopter and Chinook are all single spool,” said Wheeler. Engines has a For the engine’s control electronics, ATEC will 3,000shp engine be applying lessons learned from Pratt & Whitney’s project called work on the Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor engine, TECH 3000. the F119, and from the development of the Bench runs of a Lockheed Martin F-35 F135 engine. The joint complete TECH venture will also employ control technologies from 3000 demonstrator Honeywell’s T55 engine that powers the Boeing engine will take CH-47 Chinook. place next year. Safran’s The HPW3000 demonstrator engine will also objective for the programme is An artist’s representation be fi tted with the variable-speed power turbine to validate technologies enabling a signifi cant of the proposed Honeywell for the ACE programme. This variable speed reduction in specifi c fuel consumption and better and Pratt & Whitney (ATEC) power capability was developed in a science and power-to-weight ratio over existing engines. New HPW3000 ITEP engine. technology programme whose contracts were technologies TECH 3000 is using to achieve these awarded in 2012. The Advanced Variable Speed goals include, air cooled blades in the high-pressure Power Turbine, or AVSPOT, programme was a US turbine and additive manufacturing for the fuel Army Aviation Applied Technology Directorate nozzle and other components.

@aerosociety i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com DECEMBER 2016 15 AEROSPACE Rotorcraft propulsion

Safran has declined to give specifi c test aircraft fi rst fl ew with the HIgh compression performance goals, unlike the US programmes. Piston Engine (HIPE) on 6 November last year at Safran told AEROSPACE: “We are not able to Marseille Provence Airport in Marignane, northwest

Safran disclose specifi c fi gures at the time, but we of Marseille, France. are aiming at a specifi c fuel The HIPE project is part of Clean Sky’s Green consumption reduction in Rotorcraft Integrated Technology Demonstrator. The percentages close to a expectation is that the use of this kind of engine double-digit fi gure.” The on a light helicopter can reduce fuel consumption fi rst TECH 3000 engine by up to 50% and nearly double the range. The ‘modules’, as Safran calls engine is called high compression because the them, which include compression ratio inside the piston engine’s an axial compressor, combustion chamber is much higher than in the combustion chamber turboshaft engine. and high-pressure “In 2009, we started pre-studies internally turbine, have been and the project within Clean Skies started in June ground tested and Safran confi rmed that some of that ground Boeing testing was done in 2015. Safran said: “Regarding the compressor, we have tested some stages An artist’s representation since 2015. Axial stages fi rst, then the centrifugal of Safran’s TECH 3000 stages. Full compressor tests will be soon. We have demonstrator engine. started combustion chamber and high-pressure turbines ground test this year. Low pressure turbine tests will start by the end of the year.” All the TECH 3000 ground tests are conducted at the fi rm’s plant in Bordes, southwestern France, near the Pyrenees mountains. The starting point for the TECH 3000 was the work carried out by Turbomeca on the RMT322 engine, a joint venture with Rolls-

GE Aviation Royce. Turbomeca would buy out Rolls from that programme and started TECH 3000 development in 2013. Safran said: “The programme acquisition enables us to innovate and develop independently new projects in the more The Boeing Apache AH-64’s General Electric (GE) T700 powerful 2,500- turboshaft engines will be replaced by engines that result from 3,000shp engine the US Government’s ITP. segment. However, TECH 3000 is not an RTM322 2011 and we had the fi rst engine running on the derivative.” bench in March 2013,” explained Gierczynski. The HIPE is a 440shp demonstrator. The test HIPE-hip fl ights demonstrated an actual specifi c fuel hooray consumption that was far better than predicted, according to Gierczynski. “I can confi rm we have Another European measured during the fl ight tests a reduction in fuel effort is the EU’s HIPE consumption (in kilograms) of 42%, compared AE 440 Diesel Powerpack to the existing H120 turboshaft. We made our for a Light Helicopter calculations in terms of helicopter performance An artist’s representation of Demonstrator project which involves a with a fuel consumption reduction of 30% and we GE Aviation’s GE3000 ITEP racing car engine manufacturer building an engine achieved 42%.” engine. for an Airbus Helicopters H120 test aircraft. “We The HIPE is a 4.6 litre liquid-cooled, eight- have fl own, so far, until the end of July (2016),” cylinder, four-stroke piston engine and is fuelled Airbus Helicopters’ H120 High Compression with kerosene. The core aluminium engine was Engine Project Manager, Alexandre Gierczynski, designed by the French company, Teos Powertrain told AEROSPACE. The Airbus Helicopters H120 Engineering, which specialises in racing car

16 AEROSPACE / DECEMBER 2016 engines. Its partner in Austria, Austro Engine, Aiming higher focused on components like the full authority digital engine control and its airworthiness. A European company that is happy to talk about The HIPE has its piston cylinders oriented what it wants to do next is Italian fi rm Egimotors, at a 90° angle to each other because this helps which is based just outside Milan. It received for vibration. “Basically, it is an architecture which €50,000 from the European Commission for its enables us to have the lowest vibration and dynamic High performance Engine for Light Sport Aircraft behaviour of the engine. I would say that this is (HIGHER) project to produce a piston engine for a a must for us, to avoid additional mass to damp light aircraft or helicopter. Called the EGM 4x4, the vibration to limit dynamic phenomena,” explained engine is 4,000cm² with a 112mm piston diameter. Gierczynski. Egimotors began work on the EGM 4x4 The liquid cooling, as opposed to most piston two years ago and its manager, Carlo Curci, told engine’s air cooling, was a key part of the fl ight AEROSPACE: “We are waiting for the next funding testing. Gierczynski said: “We were able to validate phase (round) to see if we get Phase 2 (funding). I fl ights up to an ambient temperature of 35°C can continue if I get the (EC) money.” According to which was a pre-requisite to validate the cooling the EC project description, Egimotors’ business plan system of the engine. Yes, the cooling system Airbus Helicopters worked.” Gierczynski explained that an advantage a piston engine has against a turboshaft engine is that, when the turboshaft’s load is reduced, its effi ciency goes down but not with a piston engine. “The gain on fuel consumption is even higher at part load than at take-off power and during a fl ight we use take-off power only for a small percentage of the time during the whole fl ight. The thermodynamic cycle is more effi cient. Combustion is much more effi cient than on a small turboshaft.” This effi ciency delivers that 0.8kg per kilowatt power-to-weight ratio that had to be achieved because the aluminium engine is heavier than a turboshaft engine with the same output. The HIPE has an installed weight of about 250kg, while an equivalent turboshaft would only weigh about 130kg. However, the HIPE can use far less fuel for the same fl ight, says Gierczynski, and the piston engine can retain its performance to an altitude of 8,200ft, which he claims a Airbus Helicopters has is to sell in fi ve years more than 500 engines at a turboshaft cannot. begun fl ight tests with high- target price of €16,000 each. compression engines for Another advantage of the high compression cleaner, more effi cient and The HIGHER project aims included a maximum is that combustion is self-igniting. The pressure higher-performance rotorcraft. engine mass of 115kg, 20% lower than equivalent within the combustor ensures the fuel and air engines today, an output of 200hp with four ignite. The engine also uses turbochargers, one for valves-per-cylinder, a lower purchase and operating each bank of pistons. Gierczynski estimates that, cost, due to the use of automotive Mogas, higher with the turbocharger, the engine could deliver reliability and safety, and a reduced environmental the necessary power at altitudes up to almost impact. 20,000ft. Curci explained that: “We develop it to use with Clean Sky also has emission reduction targets 95% Mogas and we are still working on it to test but Gierczynski said that turboshaft makers are not it but the problem is now we spent the money to required to declare their emissions, so comparisons make the fi rst mould, to make fi rst prototypes and are diffi cult. However, simulations by Clean Sky, make some testing. We are trying to (get) the Phase ‘technology evaluators,’ Gierczynski explained, 2 (funding) because with Phase 1, of course, you found a HIPE reduction of 76% in nitrogen oxide get €50k, but with €50k we only made some tests emissions compared to a turboshaft. about the power supply and some tests on this Gierczynski is also keen to point out that: engine about reliability, but only this.” “the helicopter demonstrator was to validate the Time and money are common constraints across installation of a piston engine with kerosene as a all of the above programmes. Whether it is 2008 or viable helicopter product.” He admits that Airbus is 2009 or 2013 when a project manager can trace interested in moving forward with the engine but back the origins of the ongoing programme, the declines to say how. story of engine development is long and expensive.

@aerosociety i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com DECEMBER 2016 17 GENERAL AVIATION Wingsuit aerodynamics A team of engineering students at the University of Southampton is testing a Falling new wingsuit design with which they hope to break all existing world records for height, speed and with distance with a jump from over 45,000ft. BILL READ, FRAeS reports. style

t has always been a human dream to be able customised wingsuit to set new records for fl ying from to fl y like a bird. With the development of the the highest altitude (45,000ft), at the highest speed wingsuit, this dream has come closer to reality. and travelling the furthest total distance. Unlike hang-gliders or ultralights which still need Supported by the University of Southampton, the pilot to sit inside an aircraft, a wingsuit (as together with a number of partners, the Icarus Iits name implies) is clothing you can fl y. As well as wingsuit project is part of a fourth year MEng Group covering the wearer’s body, a wingsuit has extra fabric Design Project and third year individual project for under the arms for wings and between the legs for Aeronautics and Astronautics students. Taking part the tail to turn a human into a blended wing aircraft. this year are ten students from the Aeronautics and The wearer controls the fl ight performance of the suit Astronautics degree programme who are studying a through their physical movements. Similar to a glider, range of subjects from aerodynamics to air vehicle a wingsuit is not capable of sustained fl ight and can systems. The goals of the project are to: only descend in a controlled manner before the pilot ● Inspire school and university students to consider deploys a parachute. careers in STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) Wingsuits ● Provide a unique applied learning experience for First developed in the 1990s as a means to extend students as part of a dedicated team, representing the freefall time of skydivers, wingsuits have already the university at an international level set a number of impressive records. The current ● Make signifi cant scientifi c advances in world record for fl ight duration was set by Colombian aerodynamics and testing by students while skydiver Jhonathan Florez in 2012 with a time of nine pushing the boundaries of wingsuits technologies minutes and six seconds. Florez also holds the record ● Engage in public outreach and showcase for the highest altitude wingsuit jump of 11,358m the university research outputs on technical, (37,265ft). The record for highest speed achieved was ANGELO WILL sensational yet relatable subject set by Japanese wingsuit pilot Shin Ito with a speed NOT ONLY of 363km/h (226mph) while the distance record is Flying doctor 18.26 miles which was set by Andy Stumpf in 2015. DESCEND However, all these records may be consigned to 45,000FT BUT The Icarus wingsuit is going to be fl own by the the history books if the University of Southampton’s ALSO TRAVEL project coordinator, Dr Angelo Niko Grubišic, Icarus Project achieves its aim – which is to develop 20-25 MILES AT lecturer in Astronautics and Advanced Propulsion the world’s fi rst scientifi cally engineered wingsuit within the University’s Aeronautics Astronautics to set new world records for human fl ight. Named SPEEDS OF UP and Computational Engineering Unit. Dr Grubisic is the Icarus Project, the University intends to use the TO 280MPH also a specialist in the development and testing of

18 AEROSPACE / DECEMBER 2016 Icarus project Icarus

advanced propulsion systems for , as well around 15min, during which time Angelo will not as additive manufacturing. Angelo previously worked only descend 45,000ft but also travel 20-25 miles as a consultant AIT and Systems Engineer for QinetiQ at speeds of up to 280mph. The fi rst challenge is where he was responsible for the development of the that the suit and its wearer will encounter very low T6 Solar Electric Propulsion System on the £1.1bn+ atmospheric pressures (140mbar) which is only ESA BepiColombo mission to Mercury. In addition 14% of that experienced at ground level and well to his scientifi c achievements, Dr Grubišic is also into pressure suit territory. There is also the risk of an experienced wingsuit base jumper. He was also embolisms from water starting to vaporise at low a candidate in the European Astronaut Selection pressure, causing, swelling and bruising with the Programme to become the UK’s fi rst astronaut but added risk of decompression sickness and hypoxia. To was beaten by Tim Peake. counter this, Angelo will have to use positive pressure HALO (high altitude low opening) oxygen equipment. Wingsuit challenges Secondly, there is the problem of temperature. The background temperature will be around –55°C but Designing a wingsuit has posed technical and this will be further reduced to approximately –110°C physiological challenges, as the jump will be diffi cult by wind-chill at such high speeds. In addition to this, and dangerous. The descent is expected to last the suit will also have to be able to cope with fl ight Icarus project Icarus

Left: Wind-tunnel performance testing in the R J Mitchell Wind Tunnel.

Above: Testing the Icarus wingsuit over the Algarve.

All images provided by the University of Southampton.

@aerosociety i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com DECEMBER 2016 19 GENERAL AVIATION Wingsuit aerodynamics

speeds in excess of 280mph. As well as coping with these factors, the wingsuit design also has to fi t and allow the wearer to fl y faster and further than any previous designs.

CFD tests

Before creating the wingsuit, the team studied the aerodynamics and fl ight mechanics that it will have to deal with. “Wingsuits operate quite differently to aircraft,” explains Angelo. “Part of the problem in designing wingsuits is that they’re almost impossible

to physically model in computer programs due to Duckrabbit Dr Angelo Niko Grubišic, their complex shape, which means any computer Dr Angelo Niko Grubišic in freefall. Icarus project coordinator. fl uid dynamics (CFD) simulations do not provide an accurate insight. Our solution was to utilise the latest allowed the pilot to fl y freely inside the horizontal wind metrology techniques and 3D laser scan current suits tunnel via a single tether which can replicate more to create a computer model and a starting point for closely the fl ight performance of the suit. the design process. However, to do this, you need a The next task was to increase the wingsuit’s lift- suit in a fl ight like shape to scan it, so I set my third to-drag ratio so that it would fl y further. Wingsuits fl y year Aeronautics and Astronautics student Jennifer using the same characteristics as wings by generating Crunden the challenge of developing a special chest a pressure difference between the front and back of rig to support me in our R J Mitchell Wind Tunnel. The the suit which acts over the suit to create lift. “What high-speed airfl ow from the tunnel allows the suit to our team was trying to achieve is to increase the lift- infl ate, using its ram air intakes and sit in a fl ight-like to-drag ratio which is the same quantity as the glide shape for the scan. The process was a world fi rst for ratio,” says Angelo. “Even preliminary fl uid models wingsuits, as no one has accurate computer models showed us that, by introducing special winglets and like these.” an aerodynamic helmet to the pilot, you can make dramatic improvements and we’re just getting started.” Wind-tunnel tests The Icarus team has also developed a system of real-time feedback of glide ratio displayed to the pilot The initial wingsuit design was tested in the RJ from an overhead projector to the fl oor of the wind Mitchell wind-tunnel using the experimental test tunnel. Body positions can be tweaked by the pilot rig. The pilot is secured into a six-axis force sensor and optimised to fi nd the maximum glide point – a to measure the lift, drag forces and moment of technique which was used to help Amy Williams the wingsuit at various airspeeds. The team also achieve a gold medal in the 2010 Olympics, as well as developed a free fl ight experimental test rig, which other Olympic cyclists.

ICARUS PROJECT LINKS Climatic tests Icarus Project Website – https://generic.wordpress.soton.ac.uk/icarus/ Icarus Project Facebook page – https://www.facebook.com/IcarusWingSuitProject/ To replicate both the cold temperatures and high Airkix STEM workshop – Airkix UK http://www.airkix.com/book-fl ights/schools/icarus-fl ight-school.aspx fl ight speeds that the pilot will experience, additional Born to Engineer fi lm – https://www.duckrabbit.info/portfolio/born-to-engineer/ climatic tests are planned to be carried out in the Dr Angelo Niko Grubišic – [email protected] University of Ontario Climatic wind tunnel. This tunnel can simulate air speeds of over 250km/h at Simulation of wingsuit aerodynamics. temperatures of –40°C and can test whether the Icarus project Icarus wingsuit and supporting thermal gear is capable of preventing hypothermia or frostbite for the duration of the fl ight through the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere without the benefi t of a pressure suit. These tests will be performed with the free fl ight test rig, allowing real fl ight for the duration of the tests. The climatic tests are planned for next year. In addition to these tests, Dr Grubišic is to undergo a series of training exercises in a hypobaric chamber to learn how to cope with low levels of pressure and oxygen. This part of the project will also look at the effects of oxygen deprivation on human physiology and the ability of the pilot to cope under such conditions.

20 AEROSPACE / DECEMBER 2016 Icarus project Icarus Athena helmet safety systems and Performance Designs canopy systems. Relationships have also been formed In conjunction with project partner Boardyard, with academics in medical sciences and formed the Icarus team also tested a special ‘Athena’ a collaboration in wind-tunnel research with aerodynamic helmet which Angelo will wear during the University of Ontario. The project has also the fl ight and which was fl own in the skies over the developed a Physics of Flight Workshop held at IFly Algarve in Portugal. “No one has really tried this kind vertical wind tunnels, where schoolchildren receive of aerodynamic helmet before,” explained Angelo. an exciting wingsuit physics less followed by a real “It is surprisingly quiet, has a better visual fi eld than skydiving fl ight experience an indoor skydiving wind any previous helmet I’ve tried and looking up at a tunnel. the Icarus Project held six Physics of Flight canopy is easy. We adopted a long tail design, which Workshops, as well as appearing at the Cheltenham extends backwards to mitigate the low-pressure Science Festival, Southampton Science and region at the back of the head, which is a big source Engineering Festival, Southampton Design Show of drag. We’ve also had to make sure that the tail ...Getting ready to jump. and the 2016 Farnborough Air Show. does not interfere with the opening of the main parachute, the reserve canopy or any emergency Getting ready to jump procedures or piloting of the canopy.” The helmet is also fi tted with a head-up display developed with The fi rst stage of the project ran from October US partner FlySight which includes a telemetry and 2015 to October 2016. The fi rst four months navigation system to help track airspeed and glide up to February were taken up with design and ratio throughout the fl ight. Athena is also fi tted with manufacturing, followed by initial wind-tunnel testing a quick release cutaway for emergencies. in March. When originally devised, the plan was for a series of test-fl ights from increasing heights during

3 men & a suit 2016 to culminate in October with the record- breaking jump from over 40,000ft. However, this schedule has had to be postponed while additional sponsors are sought. “At the moment we’re working on manufacturing the second prototype of the suit,” explained Dr Grubišic. “Once we have fi nalised the design, we will build at least two. After all, if you have the best wingsuit in the world, how are you supposed to fl y with anyone else if no other wingsuit can keep up?” Once the wing-suit has been completed, the plan is to perform wind tunnel validation tests and then progress to test fl ights. These will be initially at the Netheravon Drop Zone in Salisbury from 22,000ft and will then progress higher from there. These jumps are designed to test the safety procedures, stability and performance of the new Outreach The data for the CFD models fl ight suit. Following these initial tests, there will was created from 3D CAD be HALO (high altitude low opening) jumps from As part of its outreach objective the Icarus scans of windsuits tested in 35,000ft to test the wingsuit, navigation, telemetry the RJ Mitchell wind-tunnel at project has also been promoting STEM (science, the University. and the pilot, including pre-breathing oxygen for technology, engineering and mathematics) among a few hours to allow dissolved nitrogen to escape schools and universities. The project has been from his bloodstream prior to fl ight and the storage featured on the BBC One Show with over 5m of bottled oxygen in the wingsuit. These jumps also viewers. It has also been commissioned for a record medical data, such as O2 blood concentration, short fi lm production called Born to Engineer to heart rate and core/extremity temperature. provide examples of how science and engineering “We are currently looking for an ambitious can lead to interesting and fulfi lling careers. The sponsor to help us see this great project through to project has also developed partnerships with its conclusion,” said Dr Grubisic. “One of the things external companies and organisations, including we need is the use of a C-17 or similar aircraft laser scanning specialists OR3D which used the capable of dropping us from 45,000ft.” project as a case study for its applications. In So, if any companies, manufacturers or air addition, the project has also had offers in kind or forces are reading this who would like to help sponsorship of equipment from companies such sponsor this record-breaking project to achieve its as Flysight GPS systems, Cypress parachute aims, you know who to talk to … The RAeS Cranfi eld Branch will be holding a public lecture on the Icarus wing-suit project on 10 May 2017.

@aerosociety i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com DECEMBER 2016 21 AEROSPACE New aircraft Predictions from 1966

Visions of the future When the RAeS celebrated its 100th anniversary in 1966, leading aeronautical experts were invited to predict how they thought aviation and the aerospace industry might look in 2016. BILL READ FRAeS looks at what they predicted and how accurate they proved to be.

n 50 years, vertical take-off and landing will foreseen for aerospace in the next 100 years, to be have become a standard operating system, included in a special book, The Future of Aeronautics, passenger fl ight at Mach 4 will be routine and which was published in 1970. interplanetary travel will be established,”(1) Looking through the pages of these publications predicted A D Baxter – who became RAeS gives a fascinating insight into how the experts of IPresident for 1966-67. Back in 1966 when the 1966 thought aviation might evolve in the future Royal Aeronautical Society celebrated its centenary compared to the reality of what actually happened. year, leading experts of the day were invited to While some of their predictions failed to come true, predict how they thought aviation and the aerospace others were remarkably accurate. industry would develop over the next 50 years up to 2016 and even up to 2066. Some of their Aircraft expansion conclusions were summarised in an article in the RAeS Centenary Garden Party brochure while a Looking at the future of air transport, many experts special Centenary Symposium devoted to future predicted its continued expansion. “There will be predictions (The Skyward Urge – Aviation 1866- a tremendous increase in air travel,”(1) said Sir 2016) was held at 4 Hamilton Place on 15-16 Frederick Page, who later became Chairman and CE July 1966 organised by the RAeS Graduates and of . “Aircraft size will increase will Experts predicted that all air Students Section. At the suggestion of Prof John go on increasing and fares will decrease to a point traffi c control functions in Allen (designer of the Hawk and now the RAeS’s where crossing an ocean for one’s holiday will be the future would be carried (1) out by computer. Cartoon most senior member), the Society also invited a commonplace,” W N Neat accurately predicted: “[In from the 1966 RAeS Garden number of engineers, researchers and scientists 2016] air traffi c will be as much as 10 times as great Party brochure. to give their views on the progress that might be than at present.” – a statement that also proved to be

22 AEROSPACE / DECEMBER 2016 RAeS 150

How the aerospace world of today might have been (from top left clockwise): A VTOL airport in the Year 2000 as envisioned by Aviation and Brian Colquhoun and Partners, A future rocket taking off, a space station in orbit around the Earth, a model of the 1960 AWP13 medium-range M-wing airliner in the ARA transonic wind-tunnel and the BAC ‘Mustard’ project which proposed a recoverable space launching vehicle comprised of three stages – two outer boosters which would detach and return to base and a third which would continue into orbit. (All images from RAeS/NAL) very close to what actually happened. An air traffi c Full scale mockup of the City centre VTOL stations growth chart from the Air Transport Action Group proposed Boeing 2707 (ATAG) shows that around 0.3bn passengers fl ew SST large supersonic A future trend that many writers agreed was the airliner. When the experts in 1966 while IATA Statistics for 2015 reported that of 1966 were making their replacement of conventional airports with city centre there were 37.6m fl ights last year carrying over 3.5bn predictions, supersonic ‘V-ports’ serviced by vertical take-off and landing people – an increase of 11.67% travel was expected to (VTOL) regional transport aircraft. “Rotorcraft will Others thought that the introduction of become commonplace. have several elevated stations in most city centres,” remote video conferencing would make air travel suggested Prof J A J Bennett. “Runways will be unnecessary. “World space TV channels now abolished and aeroplanes will have acquired the make communications aircraft obsolete,”(1) wrote capability and ease of the helicopter to operate in and author G Wansborough White. “The development out of confi rmed areas. Rotorcraft will replace the fast of the video telephone, the possibility of conference automobile and the rotorbus will be a regular means of between individuals in offi ces scattered over the transport between cities.”(1) world connected by such a device, must clearly make Pioneer British helicopter engineer R Hafner a need to travel less,”(2) concurred RAeS 1947-9 speaking at the 1966 RAeS Symposium issued a President, Lord Kings Norton, Harold Roxbee Cox – word of caution: “I expect the rotorcraft, operating who became the Director of the National Gas Turbine mainly from V-ports in cities, to play a dominant role in Establishment and wrote the report that formed the short- and medium-haul air transport,” he said but also blueprint for the Cranfi eld College of Aeronautics. accurately predicted why the VTOL concept might fail to take-off. “There has also been an unfavourable Supersonic travel public reaction to the increased hazard in the street that has arisen from the operation of helicopters into In the decade when was being developed, the centre of Manhattan (Pan-Am building). These many of the writers were convinced that supersonic signs portend diffi culties to the introduction of a VTOL transport would eventually become commonplace: transport system operating around the clock from the “The widespread use of supersonic transport must be very heart of cities.”(2) a foregone conclusion,” stated W N Neat. “Speeds However, older aircraft designs would not be will increase until it is possible to reach any part of neglected. “Our great grandchildren … will spend the world, carry out one’s business and return within their weekends fl ying gliders and Tiger Moths,”(1) wrote the day.”(1) “Supersonic airliners will be commonplace David Keith-Lucas. A H Wheeler even put forward and rocket transportation will be used for some the radical suggestion that some aircraft of the future purposes,”(1) predicted Sir Frederick Page. might not need pilots: “An impending major technical breakthrough in agricultural aviation will be a form Nuclear aircraft of ‘Robot’ fl ying machine which will supercede the SPEEDS WILL existing generation of agricultural aircraft.”(2) Fifty years Another prediction was that aircraft of the future INCREASE later, UAVs are being used to replace agricutural would be nuclear-powered. “I can see our great UNTIL IT IS aircraft – and for a few other applications as well. grandchildren operating aircraft for civil purposes only, POSSIBLE TO carrying holiday traffi c and freight, operating them by To Mars by 1980? nuclear propulsion from the centres of cities, vertically, REACH ANY noiselessly and effi ciently,”(1) wrote David Keith-Lucas PART OF THE Turning to the future of space travel, experts were (RAeS President 1968-69 who also worked as Chief WORLD, CARRY able to accurate predict a number of future trends Designer, Technical Director and Research Director OUT ONE’S but were over optimistic about the timescale. With at Shorts). the rapid progress of the Apollo missions towards its However, the experts were aware that there BUSINESS goal of landing a man on the Moon, speakers at the might also be drawbacks to using nuclear power AND RETURN Symposium were convinced that manned missions aboard aircraft. “Nuclear aircraft do produce large WITHIN THE to other planets would follow. “It is likely that men will amounts of radioactive material,” admitted L G reach Mars by the ,”(2) said A V Cleaver. Dawson. “It is the safety aspect which presents the DAY. Another speaker, Ronald Smelt, anticipated the major obstacle to their acceptance(2).” Sir Frederick Page, 1966 rise of space tourism, although again his timescale

@aerosociety i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com DECEMBER 2016 23 RAeS 150

AEROSPACE RAeS Predictions from 1966 NASA

Fifty years ago, it was thought that humans would land on Mars by the 1980s. NASA is still hoping to send a manned mission to Mars but not until the 2030s.

was over optimistic. “Flight into space will become The future of defence more commonplace,” he said. “Before the end of the century, it appears likely that space excursions for Turning his attention to the future of defence, Prof thrill of pleasure will begin.”(2) However, Freddie Page Legg was of the opinion that the military role of the was accurate in predicting both the future of space UK would be replaced by a joint European defence exploration and the development of new launch force and that most important weapon of the future systems. “There will be a great increase in the amount would be the missile. “Britain is likely to become part of scientifi c work carried out beyond the atmosphere of a of Europe whose total defence and man will be exploiting the neighbouring parts of would therefore be handled on a group basis … the solar system and exploring the more remote parts. In 2016 the (British military) services will be much All of this will demand more effi cient space launching more, if not fully, integrated. Weapon development and transport systems.”(1) will be largely missiles launched from underwater The 1966 experts also foresaw the future bases either from underwater vehicles or underwater importance of orbiting satellites. A V Cleaver predicted defence cities.”(3) that: “Space stations will also provide the major means of long-distance , control and Manufacturing and systems navigation of most terrestrial transport vehicles.”(1) – a vision that has since become reality with GPS and However, when it came to looking at future trends other satellite-based navigational systems. in aircraft manufacturing and systems, the RAeS experts made a number of accurate predictions. BRITAIN IS Computerised air traffi c control What is even more remarkable is that some of LIKELY TO the most (then) unlikely ideas they suggested are The luminaries of 1966 also surmised about the now becoming reality. Several experts highlighted BECOME PART infrastructure that the airliners of the 21st century the potential offered by the development of new OF A UNITED would have to operate in. “In 100 years, all air traffi c materials, in particular composites. ‘Father of STATES OF control will be directed by a central World Computer Concorde’ Morien Morgan, RAeS President 1967- EUROPE Unit which will compute at any instant the optimum 68 and Chairman of the Supersonic Transport pattern for safety and economy by world airlines Aircraft Committee, wrote that: “Outstandingly WHOSE TOTAL as a whole and will monitor all routes by en route important elements in giving impulse to this changing DEFENCE instructions to pilots,” suggested Prof Roderick scene will be materials – the composites in particular WOULD Collar – RAeS President in 1963-64 and a leading need watching and micro-miniaturisation.”(1) A academic in aeroelasticity at NPL and later at J Kennedy went further: “We should not the THEREFORE BE University. “Thus, in the integrated pattern, an engine potentialities of new fabric forms of materials, for HANDLED ON A failure over the Atlantic might result in an instruction example, those woven from high temperature wires or GROUP BASIS to a pilot crossing the Tasman sea to change speed. from graphite.”(2) But I don’t know if the pilots will be fl ying the aircraft or Lord Kings Norton even came close to Prof Legg, 1966 operating the computer!”(1) predicting both the introduction of pre-formed

24 AEROSPACE / DECEMBER 2016 Concept art from 1968 of the 80-seat Westland WE-02 passenger- carrying tilt-rotor. composite structures and 3D printing. “I have long Technical Universitty of Munich well make it an economical necessity for future long- been shocked by the production of high performance range aircraft.”(2) A number of hydrogen-powered structural parts by machining away most of the aircraft have since been developed, including material supplied. The correct evaluation of alternative Boeing’s Fuel Cell Demonstrator and Phantom Eye processes and the development of potentially UAV. economic forming processes, is obviously a matter of great importance in the future.”(2) Mind control Airborne computers However, one of the most remarkable predictions was that future pilots might be able to fl y aircraft The experts also anticipated the development of Fifty years on, using mind control, a vision that is now becoming new computer and control systems into aircraft to mind control reality, “Work in this new radiation spectra should aid pilots. , RAeS President 1980- also enable the development of new types of 81 who ended up as Chairman of GEC Avionics, for aircraft is communication links between human beings directly wrote that: “Small size digital computers will also much closer to or human beings and machines in an area which is be used in the control and organisation of such reality, including now being defi ned as extra-sensory of telepathy,” systems as communications, cabin conditioning etc. the research wrote Peter Hearne. “Work in this area should Most important they will certainly be used for engine conducted by the begin at approximately in the year 2000 and simple control.”(3) laboratory experiments demonstrating the ability of EU ‘Brainfl ight’ humans to control computers by thought processes Future systems project to control should be achieved by 2020.”(2) UAVs and aircraft. Other future systems which were hinted at were: A central data-processing exchange?

Fly-by-wire – “With the advent of reliable multi- Elliot channel electronic control systems it becomes In addition to looking at the future of aviation, the possible to consider the replacement of many of experts of ’66, also considered how developments the mechanical control links which have become in communication technology might affect increasingly heavy, complex and demanding of the industry. While no-one quite predicted the maintenance in modern aircraft.”(3) (Peter Hearne) development and nature of the , a couple of Head-up displays – “Perhaps in the Second writers came close. “Because of the new visual and Century of the Royal Aeronautical Society, we will computer links we anticipate, physical separation see synthetic three-dimensional holographic displays, will be comparatively unimportant in the future,” said projected and stablished in the line of forward Electronic cockpit Joseph Black. “The university researcher will be at vision.”(2) (G Melvill Jones) displays, as no disadvantage since the multi-access computer links, the information retrieval and knowledge links Glass cockpits – “The other developments proposed in this will make him independent of his own university’s associated with computers will be the development concept art from resources.”(2) J V Connolly was also not far off the of electronic displays with much greater fl exibility or Elliot Brothers mark when he wrote: “Computers will be widely scene-shifting capability than is possessed by existing available and adequate installations linked to central mechanical instruments.”(3) (Peter Hearne) have now become reality. data processing ‘exchanges’ will be in most people’s TCAS – “Associated with this rapid growth in homes or offi ces. Pure information will be available on air traffi c will be the urgent necessity for the Spike Aerospace a vast range of factual matters and the use of a library development of a collision avoidance system and will be a rare event.”(3) this should become available in an engineered form around 1985 (2) .” (P A Hearne) Conclusion J T Stamper (RAeS President 1981-82) also predicted the rise of CAD and virtual engineering. “In In conclusion, while it is tempting with hindsight to 100 years’ time I believe that drawing paper will have smile at those predictions that did not come true, been superseded by the computer store as the basic could any expert now in 2016 do any better? In the clay moulded in the design process… Developments The concept words of Morien Morgan: “Prophecy forward over just in holography will lead to the practical use of three- a decade is a perilous trade but to be asked to look dimensional imagery in the design process.”(2) In the of windowless forward 100 years is almost cruel.”(1) event, it didn’t take as long as 100 years for digital supersonic aircraft engineering to become reality (see Digital Cabins fi tted with virtual Sources and virtual twins, AEROSPACE, November 2015, aircraft windows 1. 2066 and all that, RAeS Centenary Garden Party p22). has now moved brochure 1966 L G Dawson spoke at the Symposium saying: from theory to 2. The Skyward Urge – Aviation 1866-2016 “In years to come, conventional fuels will no doubt Centenary Symposium, 15-16 July 1966 be relatively expensive… The manufacture of liquid serious design 3. The Future of Aeronautics, ALLEN, J E and BRUCE, hydrogen near the airfi eld using solar power could proposal. J, RAeS, 1970

@aerosociety i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com DECEMBER 2016 25 AIR TRANSPORT Sully – The movie Warner Bros

Making of a hero

CLINT EASTWOOD speaks about adapting the events of the 2009’s ‘miracle on the Hudson’ for the big screen and his interest in the story.

n a UK exclusive interview for AEROSPACE, of Tom and he’s from Oakland (California) so he’s legendary actor, fi lm director and pilot Clint always told me I have to be a great admirer of his Eastwood talks about turning 2009’s ‘Miracle on because I’m from Oakland too, and I’ve seen Aaron the Hudson’, the US Airways’ A320 water landing (Eckhart) in fi lms and thought he was terrifi c. I feel in which all 155 people on board survived, into very lucky. Ia blockbuster aviation movie starring Tom Hanks as Captain Chesley ‘Sully’ Sullenburger. Eastwood talks AEROSPACE: What attracted you to Sully’s story? heroism, near-death experiences and fate. CE: This script sat on my desk for almost a week and my assistant kept insisting I read it and she AEROSPACE: You’ve never worked with Tom said several times “Look at the one called Untitled Hanks until now on Sully? Script about the ‘Miracle on the Hudson’”. Obviously Clint Eastwood : I was very fortunate to have these when someone mentions something three or four Tom Hanks (left) and Clint guys. I’ve worked with Laura Linney before and I feel times over the course of a week, you think, ‘There’s Eastwood on the set of the very fond of her but I’ve always been a great admirer something in that script that really appeals to her. fi lm Sully.

26 AEROSPACE / DECEMBER 2016 I better read this.’ So I read it and immediately been like if he hadn’t made those decisions and you thought ‘What the hell was I reading? Why wasn’t get a feel of that in this nightmarish fashion. I reading this script instead of those other turkeys along the way?’ I just fell in love with it right away. AEROSPACE: The American culture is so quick to describe something as heroism but – as AEROSPACE: The real Miracle Sully says – he did a good job. on the Hudson event received so What’s your views on heroism vs much publicity, it’s no wonder that professionalism? everyone feels like they know the CE: I agree. It’s certainly different to story already? when I grew up. When you thought CE: I also thought I knew all about of heroes you thought of somebody the ‘Miracle on the Hudson’ because AVIATION like Audie Murphy (most decorated I follow the newspapers and TV very IS VERY American veteran of WW2) who had carefully when that event happened, done something that was above and Spyropk EXACTING. YOU and then, all of a sudden, it made beyond the norm in a certain situation The wreck of US Airways sense. I started asking myself: NEED TO BE during war-time. But we have this fl ight 1549 being lifted out of What’s the confl ict there? This guy AN EXACTING politically-correct thing now where the Hudson river. Sullenberger did a fantastic job everybody has to win a prize; all the Below: Promotional image on landing the plane, all 155 lived, PERSON; little boys in the class have to go from ‘Sully: Miracle on the where’s the confl ict there? And then SOMEBODY home with a fi rst place trophy. The Hudson’. I realized there was a lot to say, his WHO REALLY use of the word ‘hero’ is a little bit periods of self-doubt inspired by KNOWS THE overdone. But I don’t think so in Sully’s the NTSB, and he had to prove his case. He‘s someone who‘s done a decisions and they came out to be DETAIL AND little bit extra beyond what he could the right decisions, so then it became LIVES BY THE be expected of. very dramatic and that’s what I’m RULES AND looking for. The drama. Sometimes SULLY IS THAT AEROSPACE: You’ve fl own you just have to look deeper than your helicopters for a lot of your fi rst thoughts which was: this was a KIND OF GUY life. Did that give you a better wonderful event but who wants to see understanding of Sully’s a whole movie about it? So then you achievements? have to live through it with him and feel emotions CE: I’ve fl own 35 – maybe 40 – years in helicopters. about the various characters and all the different I still own one but I haven’t fl own it much lately attitudes and his family life and how it effects your because I’ve been doing fi lms about heroic people. self-reliance, so it became a very fascinating story. But it had an infl uence on me. I like aviation. I’ve So all I had to do was add some dream sequences been fascinated by it since I was a kid. I didn’t follow ssoo tthathat tthehe viewer coucouldld see wwhathat it wouwouldld hhaveave tthroughhrouggh witwithh it untiuntill I was an aadult.dult. BButut tthehe hheroero tthinghingg Warner Bros

@aerosociety@@a@aeaeerorosr socioocciietetyty i FFindindinindnd usus onon LiLLinkedIninkenknkeedInddIInIn f FiFFindindnd usus onon FacFFaFacebookacaceboebeb okk wwwwwwwww.aerosociety.comwwww.ae.aaeaerosrososociococicietyety.cococom DECEMBERDECDEDECCEMBMBMBERER 201220201601016 2727 AIR TRANSPORT Sully – The movie

Sully – A Review

It’s easy to be critical of movies today. Script writers and directors add fear, doubt and uncertainty to entertain the viewers with an emotional roller coaster ride. Actors said and did things in ‘Apollo 13’ and ‘Sully’ that did not happen. Substance lies beyond the criticism, so you need to be tolerant of the Hollywood factor and enjoy the bigger picture. The scenes where Sully imagined his plane crashing into the buildings were not illusionary fantasies. I wrote in my book how I also became self-doubting after QF32, consumed by thoughts and dreams of ‘what- ifs’ that ended in disaster. The perspectives of Sully and his is another deal. The inclination of people who do First Offi cer, Jeff Skiles, being on trial for things on behalf of others is probably as good a way everything they had accomplished in their to be a hero as anything. You always hear about Iwo careers and did on Flight 1549 were accurate. Jima or someplace where you hear about someone However, the reality in the cockpit was far who fell on an hand-grenade to save his friend or more dramatic than the movie. something like that and you often wonder if he did Tom Hanks did not capture the depth of Captain Chesley ‘Sully’ that on purpose or did he just trip accidentally!? And Sully’s bravery, leadership and resilience. Sullenburger in London, they go, ‘A very heroic thing to do!’ If there’s a hand- Many, if not most, pilots would have felt 2009. grenade, most people would go in ‘which’ direction they were done with their responsibilities and I’d be right there with them! I’d be pushing them the moment the passengers were rescued. out of the way! Let’s get out of here. But sometimes But Sully never relinquished command of people will do something fabulous like that. USAirways 1549, not at the ferry terminal, not in the subsequent days of media frenzy, nor AEROSPACE: But as a fellow pilot, does that throughout the lengthy investigation. Sully is give you some better appreciation of Sully’s still the Captain of Flight 1549 even today. achievements? Sully shows us a bett er way to investigate CE: Aviation is very exacting. In other words, if you safety. Safety offi cials generally only research go to fl y every day, you check everything out. It events where things go wrong. The answers would be like if you got in your car in the morning uncover ignorance, inadequate training or and you checked the gasoline and you checked lack of experience. Rarely do the positive every wheel, changed the oil, checked under the infl uences emerge. hood. You go through tons of different checks. But Sully captured the successes of Flight 1549. when we get in our car, we just jump in. We don’t When we look into Sully’s career, we discover care if the wheel is half off – as long as we get the ingredients for personal resilience. These there – by the skin of the teeth. And in aviation, skills did not just protect the passengers of you just don’t do that. You need to be an exacting Flight 1549; they saved the lives of person; somebody who really knows the detail and every passenger who fl ew with Sully lives by the rules and Sully is that kind of guy. He over his 42-year career. We should lived by the rules and in making a decision about bott le the essence of Sully’s values landing in the Hudson because he’d been through and behaviours, and use it as an training but had never imagined himself doing that elixir for resilience and success. before, I don’t think. But all of a sudden you have to Clint Eastwood and Tom Hanks think and make a lot of things happen in very few did a great job in Sully, a human seconds and that’s what the story is about. testament to leadership, teamwork and resilience. However, the AEROSPACE: You survived a plane crash when real Sully Sullenberger and Jeff you were just 21 years old, when your plane Skiles are larger in life than their crashed into the water. Did Sully’s experience characters in the movie. bring back memories of that time? CE: I think it did. But I haven’t really thought that Captain Richard de Crespigny, much about it. In recent years, when this project FRAeS, PIC QF32 came up, I went back and thought about it a little

Warner Bros 28 AEROSPACE / NOVEMBER 2016 Warner Bros

Tom Hanks as Chesley ‘Sully’ Sullenberger, left, and Aaron Eckhart as Jeff Skiles in Sully. bit but it was a little bit different because I wasn’t it – so the dream sequence is a ‘what if’ so the with a group of people. I was just a passenger in audience can be in the picture for other reasons a lonely spot in a plane and I didn’t have to react other than just fi nding out about Sully. If he hadn’t off anybody else. I never knew what the pilot was done what he had done, things would have been a doing; I was just guessing that he was going to do a mess. If that river hadn’t been there, things would water landing. If he’d bailed out, I’d be in bad trouble. have been bad. A lot of things have to fall into place Fortunately, he did the right thing and waited for me. THIS GUY for this event to happen but it did because the right That was an experience; it was different. But by the SULLENBERGER guy was there to take advantage of it at the time. If same token it gives you an idea of where you get to he had waited a few seconds longer, it wouldn’t have that moment where you feel: this is it. Some people DID A worked, and if he had gone too early, he would have live through this and some people don’t. And that’s FANTASTIC JOB not made the airport; he would have come up short all I thought about, and fortunately, when we got in ON LANDING on the other end, so there was a lot of ‘what ifs’. But the water and I felt much better. THE PLANE, he did the right thing. A water landing can be done and if executed right. It can also be not be so good if AEROSPACE: As a director, your movies are ALL 155 LIVED, executed wrong, as a matter of a quarter of inch, one usually straight down the line without a lot of WHERE’S THE side hitting before the other, it could spin the plane. visual fl ourish or embellishments. What was CONFLICT There’s a million things that could go wrong there if it your thinking with this? THERE? wasn’t for good, quality fl ying. CE: We had a lot of discussions about realism and philosophies and the only thing I added was to try to AND THEN AEROSPACE: The real Sully talked about how do the dream sequences. I added those because I I REALISED you came over to his house and spent three was trying to fi gure a way that – if you take the movie THERE WAS A hours with him over lunch. What were you as an hour and a half – I didn’t want the landing to looking for specifi cally? be a few seconds in an hour and a half chat about LOT TO SAY CE: There’s a lot of ironies here and both Tom and I

US Coast Guard are from the Bay area, Oakland, and it turns out that Sully lives just behind Oakland in Danville so, all of a sudden, you go ‘Oh he lives there’ and so a lot of things fell into place to get this picture going and so after reading the material I said, ‘Oh I’d like to meet this guy. Where do I have to go? Do I have to fl y to Chicago or wherever he lives?’ And then it turns out he lives in Danville – which is on the way to Red Bluff – so I went right up and saw him. So there’s a lot of things outside of logical thinking that were US Coast Guard footage making this project come together. Everything just of Flight 1549 shortly after fell into place. Tom was my only choice to play Sully. crashing in the Hudson river.

‘Sully: Miracle on the Hudson’ opens in UK cinemas on 2 December 2016

@aerosociety i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com DECEMBER 2016 29 Airbus 30 10,000 I get hereinthefi perhaps agoodoccasiontoask–howdidAirbus Airbus veteransandmediamarkthismilestone,was New York andLos Angelesdirectroutes. service in2018onitshighlyanticipatedSingapore- variant(sevenofwhich ithasonorder)into 900ULR forward toputtingtheultra-longrangeA350- Singapore-San Francisco service.Itisalsolooking marked A350intoserviceonitsnewnon-stop so soon.” to quipthathe:“didn’texpect tobeback inToulouse chiefin March GohChoonPhong –leadingtoSIA to theairlinein2016afteritreceivedfi 2007). This particularA350-900isthesixthdelivery Airlines (launch customerfortheA380back in AEROSPACE / DEC into theairliner duopoly. otherwould-belooks backonthelessonsfor entrants aimingtobreak its 10,000thairliner, Singapore anA350-900for Airlines. On 14OctoberAirbus celebrated milestoneofthedelivery thehistoric of The handoverevent,which sawairlineguests, Singapore Airlineshasalreadyputthespecially- Airbus reaches 10,000 delivery TRANSPORT AIR was itsvaluedlong-termcustomerSingapore airliner –amilestone42yearsinthemaking the airlinethattookdeliveryofAirbus’10,000th ceremony on14OctoberinToulouse, France, t washighlyappropriatethatataglitzy rstplace? EMBER 2016 rstof67 and climbing travel hadtakenoffinthewaywhich itwas alternate aviationhistory. Ifsupersonicpassenger Concorde makesaninterestingwhat-ifcaseof market globalsales. that couldmakeasignifi pool itsindustrialresourcestoproduceanairliner aviation projectsshowedawaywhereEuropecould (1,832). Co-operation–fi (386) Lockheed L-1011 (250)andBoeing727 competitors, such astheMcDonnellDouglasDC-10 (12) andVFW- 614(19)failedtomatch US Eleven (244),Caravelle(282)DassaultMecure airliners such astheVC10 (54built),BAC One- lead incivilaviationtheyenjoyedpriortoWW2.Civil andFrance, toregainthelost primarily intheUK failures ofindividualnationalaerospaceindustries, has longroots–butcanbetracedback tothe Airbus asaEuropean(andnowglobal)enterprise integration A modelforsuccessfulEuropean Indeed, theAnglo-French co-operationin cant breakthrough into mass cant breakthroughintomass rst in Concorde and military rst inConcordeandmilitary TIM ROBINSON . delivery A350-900to The 10,000thAirbusaircraft

NAL/RAeS What would have happened had the BAC Three-Eleven widebody been given the go-ahead as well? originally predicted (MoUs were signed for over 1993. Yet, the last 1,000 airliners delivered, incredibly 100 aircraft from airlines of the day), would Airbus only took 19 months from the 9,000th – an A321 partners have had their hands full producing SSTs delivered to VietJetAir in 2015. and follow-on designs? After the A310, followed the, A320, A340 and A330 (ironically at the time it was the four-engined Introducing the widebody A340 that was seen as the fl agship product, whereas IF SUPERSONIC today the A330 has won new sales and is getting PASSENGER TRAVEL Even before the 1970s, the then Airbus partners a revamp with the A330neo). Finally, there was the were thinking about a new airliner. The fi rst one was four-engined A380 ‘super jumbo’ and the A350. HAD TAKEN OFF IN the A300 – which would break new ground in being THE WAY IN WHICH a twin-aisle widebody, powered by only two engines Lessons IT WAS ORIGINALLY – at a time when its competitors had either four or PREDICTED WOULD three. Reliability of powerplants had not yet reached So what lessons can we draw from Airbus’ the levels that airlines enjoy today – which meant experience in taking on the dominant US civil AIRBUS PARTNERS that many were suspicious of a large airliner powered aerospace industry – seeing off two major HAVE HAD THEIR by only two engines – especially from an unknown competitors in civil aviation (Lockheed withdrawing HANDS FULL European consortium with a history of poor-selling and McDonnell Douglas merging with Boeing)? PRODUCING SSTS airliners. This week, all eyes have been on Zhuhai air show An Airbus Industries market analysis from May in China – both paradoxically Airbus and Boeing’s AND FOLLOW-ON 1969 predicted a world total market potential of potentially biggest market and their most likely future DESIGNS? around 1,000 aircraft by 1980, and that of these, the competitor – among other countries developing A300B could capture 50 sales in 1975 and about smaller jets, such as and Japan. Bombardier, 150 in 1980. Particularly important for the A300B, meanwhile, has struggled to secure sales for its notes the study, was the growth of European non- CSeries. Can China or any of these other new scheduled operators, or charter airlines, in the second entrants, repeat this success story? half of the 1970s, as the package holiday boom took The fi rst lesson – is that it takes time. As Tom off. Enders notes, it took 19 years to pass the 1,000 Interestingly, as well as European holidaymakers, delivery mark. This then requires deep pockets and/ an Airbus A300B marketing brochure from fi ve years or some sort of government support. If we take the later in 1974, also pointed to the growing European IT market as driving passenger growth. Oddly, the A300B almost had free rein as a widebody twin until Boeing launched the 767 in 1982. A RAeS Lecture ‘Co-operation in European Aerospace – The A300B widebody twin’ given by Programme Director Roger Béteille in March 1973 noted that “the DC-10 is already produced in three different versions with the possibility of a twin-engine version to come.” What then, might have happened had Lockheed or McDonnell Douglas quickly moved to produce twin-jet versions of their tri-jets? Indeed – ironically the closest rival was perhaps from Britain with BAC’s (which unlike Hawker Siddeley was not an Airbus Industries partner) Three-Eleven – a scaled up T-tail twin jet widebody concept which was showcased at the in 1967/1969 and had disappeared by 1971. Had this rival widebody gone ahead, says Professor Keith Hayward wryly: “It would have torpedoed both UK and European aviation industries”. NAL/RAeS First delivered to Air France in May 1974, Airbus fi nally went on to deliver 561 A300s – a quantum ARJ21 as the starting point for AVIC (302 orders The fi rst A300, F-WUAB, leap in sales compared to previous efforts – and the so far) it entered service in 2016. Therefore, it could after roll out on 28 September A310 following suit. However, it was a slow process conceivably be 20 years or 2036 before AVIC 1972, parked in front of a Concorde prototype. with a gap of 12 years between the fi rst fl ights of the reaches the 1,000 delivery mark (COMACs C919 A300 and the A320. Observed Airbus Group CEO has 517 orders – so it could reach that earlier, but it at the delivery “In the 1970s we were has yet to fl y). producing at a rate of half an aircraft a month.” However, even if China builds on western It thus took 19 years for the consortium to reach expertise, it will still take time. Trust will have to 1,000 deliveries (an A340 delivered to Air France in be earned and it is in the aftermarket support and

@aerosociety i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com DECEMBER 2016 31 y ight. erce y-by-wire rst widebody rst le crash at an rst fl rst ciencies. cation, COMAC’s C919 cation, COMAC’s irted with COMAC). agship 747, it has come unstuck – agship 747, it has come unstuck ciencies, safety improvements or cabin improvements ciencies, safety cient inroads outside of Chinese airlines ightdecks, increased use of composites, FBW, increased use of composites, FBW, ightdecks, ying off the shelves. Yet marketing it initially ying off the shelves. Yet Conversely, it is noticeable that the one time that Conversely, case, if the ARJ21 can be seen So in China’s therefore, will be on the C929 – a All eyes now, In the A320 too, the world’s fi In the A320 too, the world’s cient. but then its safety advantages were still unknown. but then its safety was an uphill struggle and Airbus faced fi resistance from pilots’ unions concerned about this then unproven (FBW) – especially when technology a high-profi the company suffered FBW is taken airshow in Germany in 1988. Today, jetsas standard and available on smaller and smaller – reputation of Airbus as having ‘computers in The today – especially is one that still echoes charge’ despite well- as AF447. Yet after incidents such remainpublicised incidents, fatal aviation accidents growthrare and have not kept pace with the massive as two- ongoing innovation such in air travel. Thus crew fl allowed Airbus to common crew ratings and ETOPS itself from the established competition differentiate and win market share. it needed a ‘me too’ product to compete Airbus felt fl with Boeing’s with the A380 arriving just at the time when twin widebodies as the 777/787 and A330/A350 such are carrying more passengers and becoming more effi as a test project to learn the ins and outs of airliner development and certifi of a ‘me-too’ A320-alike to perhaps is still too much make suffi and IAG’s, O’Leary Michael (although both Ryanair’s have fl Walsh, Willie Chinese Partnering joint Sino-Russian widebody. resources with Russian know-how in aerodynamics Airbus could make for a dream team to challenge the question remains – in and Boeing. However, order to convince airlines, what fresh innovation in terms of effi comfort will this bring? twin in the A300. By losing the third engine, ittwin in the A300. By losing fuel effi immediately offered Airbus pushed the frontiers of fl (FBW) airliner, A320 is its ‘bread and butter’ the single-aisle Today product with over 7,200 built and the revamped neo fl much more often and today’s manufacturers target manufacturers today’s more often and much reliability of abovelevels of dispatch new 98% for for mature aircraft.models and over 99% ahead Innovating to leap that it had to second lesson from Airbus is The farther the technology innovate further and push It is debatable, a ‘me-too’ product. rather than offer tri-jet in the age of a for instance, if it had launched DC-10 and 727 whether it would have the L-1011, fi as the world’s had the same impact unless there was some level of guaranteed customer was some level of guaranteed unless there aircraft, airliners fl Unlike military support afterwards.

Airbus rst. rst. Price is obviously another discriminator – and an is obviously Price services where the biggest challenges to any new services where the biggest challenges the kind of entrants to airliner business are. Forging services and training network that will global supplier, allow an airline with an aircraft on the ground (AOG) up a anywhere from Argentina to Zambia to pick phone and get an assured 24/7 response may take is likely to AVIC this reason, China’s decades. For concentrate on its home market fi attractive one for a new entrant hoping to win initial customers through some ‘too-good-to-resist’ deals. airlines and fewer However today there are fewer that would be willing to risk a bargain basement deal 2016 EMBER EMBER

AIR TRANSPORT delivery 10,000 Airbus reaches AEROSPACE / DEC / AEROSPACE 3 2 33 Airbus 2016 DECEMBER DECEMBER Thus, while the is tied to while the Thus, Indeed, it is perhaps the ultimate irony that success Can others emulate its (and Boeing’s) (and follow-on aircraft) who the airlines ended up (and follow-on aircraft) who the airlines ended marrying, despite a brief dalliance with glamourpuss poor Caravelle, meanwhile was left Concorde. The it was (metaphorically speaking) on the shelf. Once obvious, though, that Concorde and the Caravelle were not going to be big sales successes – support to the A300B. was swiftly switched political determination to rebuild Franco-German their aircraft industries (and some canny commercial Hawker Siddeley), Airbus is now dealing by Britain’s and its past shackles throwing off its state-backed to embrace a as a European job creation scheme future of digitisation, global, more Silicon Valley-style innovation and collaboration. Airbus – as a model of successful European this milestone of 10,000 co-operation has reached deliveries just when Europe itself seems to be fracturing at the seams. in airliners? In the long-term, yes, but it has been a long struggle for Airbus to get where it is. This makes it all the more remarkable that a European company has produced over 10,000 airliners – when biggest selling jet airliners failed previously Europe’s to get past 500. The Airbus family including A320neo, A330, A350 XWB Airbus family including The and A380. tted ag carriers f rst pass at the cient airliners to listen to the market but listen to the – Find us on LinkedIn Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com i

y across the Atlantic, there is no y across the Atlantic, nal lesson might be nal lesson @aerosociety While Boeing has fumed about this and it While is that airliner manufacturing lesson here The Governments may need to protect their chicks Summary Airbus delivers more than 600 aircraft a year Today of 6,749 and sits on a decade worth of backlog airliners – a far cry from the 1970s where it believed that in 1980 it could sell around 150 A300Bs. Hayward, the A300B, Indeed, says Professor where the story began, was “only ranked third” in industrial planning after Concorde and the French of 70’s Snog, Avoid’ Caravelle. In a game of ‘Marry, European airliners, it was thus the frumpy A300B Deep pockets aid and subsidies while allegations over state Finally, continue to fl and highly doubt that developing a hugely complex product like a new large airliner requires expensive – whether some sort of government political support aid, tax breaks, military it comes in the form of launch R&D spin-offs or pressure on national fl to buy a product from the ‘home team’. continues to be a live issue, Airbus has benefi it from the fact that, as a pan-European entity, is has been able to draw on support (whether economic or political) from multiple governments. sometimes this has proved to be more of a While meant hindrance in political meddling it has however that Airbus was less likely to have been abandoned in its early years than if it only had been a single project. nation’s (As is is a high-stakes game with a high entry fee. aero engines too – witness China establishing a new $7.5bn jet engine manufacturer this year to catch-up in this critical area where it is still dependent on foreign technology). until they are strong enough to soar on their own. The fi The Listen to the market – carefully – the market Listen to listen carefully. For instance, Airbus’ fi For listen carefully. resulted in a lukewarm A350, a made-over A330, customers leading to a reception from potential the current A350XWB. complete redesign and ahead with a with the decision of ploughing Faced airliner or revamping clean-sheet new single-aisle new engines from A320 with promising the existing P&W and CFM, the re-engining Airbus wisely chose best-ever selling airliner in option – producing its hindsight this decision seems in the A320neo. While open- as such generation engines obvious, (next 10-15 years away) at the time rotors seem to be still there was pressure for radically effi ‘peak cope with soaring prices as the world faced key lesson here, then, is ‘what are your The oil’. customers really telling you’? DEFENCE Unmanned systems A game for drones

This year saw a ground-breaking Royal Navy-led exercise for unmanned systems, Unmanned Warrior 16, take place off the coast of . TIM ROBINSON reviews the lessons for future autonomous operations from this technology demonstration.

illed as the biggest-ever military exercise to defect to the other side”). Instead, with humans involving unmanned systems, the UK’s always being ‘in the loop’, the autonomy being tested Unmanned Warrior 16 took place in two centred on automatic object detection or automatic weeks in October off the West Coast of route-fi nding. Autonomy in this sense then was Scotland. looking at where machines can reduce the workload BThe exercise was run by the Royal Navy with on human operators, not replace them. involvement of other services, as well as over 50 Secondly the exercise was not run with a participants from the MoD, industry and academia. defi nite MoD procurement programme in mind It also overlapped with another wargame, Exercise that companies were competing for. Instead it was Joint Warrior, which allowed UAVs, USVs (unmanned a technology demonstration to explore concepts surface vessels) and UUVs (unmanned underwater of operations (CONOPS), tactics and technology. vessels) to be trialled in operationally representative Thus the enthusiasm and commitment shown by scenarios. The missions included GEOINT industry in participating in a demonstration with no (), ASW (anti-submarine immediate contract resulting from it, is therefore warfare), ISTAR and MCM (mine countermeasures). telling as to the wider signifi cance of this event. However, it is important to clarify two things. First, despite the talk of ‘autonomous systems’ and Royal Navy – behind the curve? headlines like ‘Robot Wars’ – there were no ‘killer terminators’ on the loose in the exercise. All drones However, while UW16 is a RN initiative, it might taking part were unarmed and none were truly be argued that the Senior Service has fallen ‘autonomous’ – as in having their own ‘free will’. (As behind other UK services (and even perhaps other one expert quipped recently, “a drone will navies) in embracing aerial unmanned systems be truly autonomous when, – perhaps why in 2014 the then First Sea Lord after taking off, it Admiral George Zambellas prioritised the idea decides of this demonstration. While the RAF has fl own Predator and Reaper and the Army now operates Watchkeeper, Desert Hawk and Black Widow, the RN’s only operational Boeing/Schiebel Camcopter. experience with UAVs has been the Scan Eagle UAV with 700X Sqn from 2013. This capability, brought in as a UOR (Urgent Operating Requirement) is now set to lapse in 2017 unless it is brought into the core MoD budget or some other solution found. Even then, it is instructive to compare with other navies. The US Navy which already example, already fi elds the MQ-8B FireScout as a shipborne VTOL UAV, is about to fi eld the MQ-4C Triton and is working on the MQ-25A Stingray – a carrier- Thales borne unmanned aerial tanker. The US Marines, meanwhile, fl y the RQ-7B Shadow, as well as the and collaborative planning. For example, a standard Above: A Thales’ RQM-11 Raven and the Insitu RQ-21A Integrator static exercise map would show active airspace Watchkeeper UAV as operated by the British Army. (Blackjack) – as well as testing unmanned cargo areas, with a text box detailing when they were delivery with the K-MAX in Afghanistan. active – leaving the user to interpret when and Opposite page: Boeing/ Schiebel Camcopter. Indeed, it is not just the might of the US Navy where airspace is being used. In Esri’s ArcGIS, where UAVs are becoming standard. The ScanEagle a time-slider at the bottom of the airspace chart UAV, for example, is now operated by over 20 other allowed planners to show the CAA and NATS operators, (including the Australian, Italian, Pakistani, exactly which airspace off the coast of Western Spanish and Tunisian Navies). So, despite 700X Sqn Scotland was required each day. What would look and a couple of technology demonstrations (VTOL like a vast swathe of airspace on a static map, and a 3D printed UAV), it might be argued that, was, in fact, smaller ‘boxes’ that became active before UW16, the RN was in danger of missing out and moved over time – easing comprehension and on some of the opportunities presented by UAVs. facilitating approval from regulators. However, UW16 was not just a technology demonstration just for technology’s sake. The Watchkeeper gets sealegs service faces pressing manpower challenges in the future. Incorporating more autonomous systems Also taking part was Thales’ Watchkeeper UAV as to reduce the burden and leaving humans to operated by the British Army. Despite its Army concentrate on core tasks, is thus not background as a tactical UAS, Thales used a ‘nice to have’ option for the Senior UW16 to demonstrate a new maritime Service but an imperative that is mode on Watchkeeper’s I-Master focusing minds on how to do more radar – allowing the UAV to detect with limited numbers of people. surface targets from commercial Will UW16 allow the RN to vessels to small fast craft – and accelerate its understanding of cross-cue these to its other EO/IR unmanned systems, leapfrog rivals sensor. Flying from Parc Aberporth and use autonomous systems in in Wales, imagery and data from the most optimal way to augment its Watchkeeper was streamed to the sailors? Let’s take a look at some of ACER combat management system the most noteworthy UAVs, systems and on board a support ship, Northern River, sensors that took part. as well as back to the operations room in Aberporth. Planning in the cloud This demonstration then of a littoral capability for the Watchkeeper, (which has an endurance of 16 As well as being biggest ever gathering of hours), shows that sometimes it is not new platforms unmanned systems for a military exercise, UW16 or UAVs that are needed but just expanding the was also notable for being the fi rst ever military mission sets and capabilities of existing UAVs exercise to be planned in ‘the cloud’ – thanks to Esri and sharing this information with new users or A DRONE UK’s ArcGIS Online geospatial software. This has customers. Post-Afghanistan, Watchkeeper has now WILL BE TRULY replaced maps, charts and Powerpoint in organising become much more useful for UK forces. this extremely complex military exercise and allows AUTONOMOUS users to log-in via a secure web portal to see a ScanEagle demos new sensor WHEN, AFTER constantly updated live plan. TAKING OFF, IT Online maps and charts may not seem like Another UAV showing off new capabilities at UW16 DECIDES TO a big deal but using this content management was the Boeing/Insitu ScanEagle, with an innovative system (with multiple ‘layers’ of GEOINT data and 180° wide-area ‘optical radar’ sensor called ViDAR. DEFECT TO THE intelligence) has proved a huge leap in visualisation ViDAR, developed by Sentient Vision, is already OTHER SIDE

@aerosociety i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com DECEMBER 2016 35 DEFENCE Unmanned systems

Boeing area optical search is not just for UAVs. ViDAR is also set to equip the Australian Maritime Safety Authority’s new Challenger 604s to augment human eyes and the main Wescam MX-15 sensor. Another unmanned system demonstrated by Boeing was its Sharc USV – a fuel-less surface ‘glider’. Developed by Liquid Robotics, this autonomous vehicle, comes in two halves – a low-signature fl at surface ‘surfboard’ fi tted with solar panels and underwater ‘blades’ that use wave power to slowly power it at around 2kt. The Sharc is fi tted with AIS and autonomous navigation software to avoid other vessels and can be fi tted with a Sentient Vision variety of mission packages including towed array passive sonar, surface sonar, ISR (ELINT) systems or communication relays. During UW16, Boeing deployed four Sharcs in an ASW role with towed arrays, which successfully detected and tracked a live submarine. ScanEagle’s Sentient Vision’s Kestrel Maritime ViDAR optical Boeing is also working to make the Sharc air- detection system. droppable via parachute using an aerodynamic shell that would protect it. While it would be too large for being trialled by which has a tactical aircraft (or even a P-8) to carry internally ScanEagles, which has described it as a ‘game- or on hardpoints, it could be rolled out of the back Unmanned changer’ for its ability to solve a critical problem for of a C-130 or C-17. One can than imagine how, in systems taking small UAVs – that of a the ‘drinking straw’ or tiny time of crisis or confl ict, a swarm of Sharcs might fi elds of view of existing sensors. The 9-megapixel be air-dropped 200nm from an enemy port, before part in UW16 ViDAR uses sophisticated optical recognition to slowly ‘swimming’ there to lurk for six months at a were Blue automatically spot objects at sea, even in heavy time, monitoring underwater, surface and electronic Bear Systems‘ seas and then allows the main sensor to be cued so emissions. a human can make a positive identifi cation. As well Boeing’s grand vision, which it aims to BlackStar (used as ships, fast attack craft and jetskis, during UW16 demo more fully in 2017, is to turn the maritime in a collaborative the ViDAR-equipped ScanEagles also detected environment into an autonomous network, linking MCM scenario) helicopters, other UAVs and a submarine periscope sub, surface and air unmanned vehicles to provide the Griffi n – at one point alerting the human operator while new levels of situational awareness and to cue they were observing a land target with the main skilled human operators to only the targets that Aerospace camera. Small boats representing fast attack they are interested in. SeaHunter UAV threats were spotted at 19nm away behind a and Lockheed headland before they had even had chance to Leonardo demos ESM and radar Martin’s Indago set off, showing the capability of ScanEagle. Sentient says that it is now working on building Meanwhile, Leonardo-Finmeccanica brought quadcopter. auto recognition and identifi cation into ViDAR, with both UAV platforms and sensors to test at UW16. the fi rst objects being ‘search and rescue’ targets Participating from the platform side was Leonardo (eg liferafts). Interestingly this automated wide- Helicopter’s SW-4 Solo optionally-piloted helicopter which in 2015, took part in a ship-based VTOL

Lockheed Martin capability demo for the Royal Navy. This year it had been beefed up with new sensors, including Leonardo-Selex’s Osprey 30 fl at panel AESA radar, and the Sage ESM, as well as the SkyISTAR mission system. Both the Osprey AESA radar and Sage ESM are now attracting attention for their light weight and compact size, which allows smaller UAVs to carry sensors previously only fi tted to larger aircraft. A UAV carrying ESM, for example, can get high (extending the detection range of hostile threat emitters) but can also provide another sensor if fl ying from a surface ship or battle group, to triangulate and thus narrow down the location enemy radars. (It also has the benefi t, that if it does

36 AEROSPACE / DECEMBER 2016 Esri/UK)

Unmanned Warrior 16 was the fi rst military exercise to be planned entirely in the ‘cloud’.

wander over a ‘radar silent’ air defence threat, then One is the obvious one of defence funding. no crew would be lost). While some of these platforms may appear As well as fl ying on its own Solo VTOL UAV, affordable, the real cost is likely to be in the IT, Leonardo’s Osprey AESA radar and Sage ESM communications and ISTAR networks to allow were also from on the smaller Schiebel Camcopter imagery, data and intelligence to be shared S-100, brought by Boeing. Indeed, it is signifi cant between ships, aircraft, UAVs, and ground stations. that the Osprey AESA radar has already been Integration then (especially between bespoke or selected by the US Navy to equip its MQ-8C Fire legacy systems) may be the real cost. It is notable, Scout UAV. Another lesson then from from UW16 for instance, that the exercise did not include is that smaller, lighter sensors are now permitting any simulated QE2 carriers and F-35B in this UAVs to tackle missions previously reserved for demonstration. bigger platforms. Second, there is the risk of drawing the wrong lessons or not being innovative enough in adopting Leonardo this new technology. Merely replicating existing manned air/naval missions but with a UAV, USV or UUV platform will not exploit these capabilities to the hilt – and could prove disappointing. Cultural obstacles and ‘we have always done it this way’ may be bigger barriers than technical challenges. Third, is that while UW16 was billed as the biggest military exercise involving unmanned systems yet, there were some notable platforms missing. RAF Reapers, for example, are busy in operations and not yet cleared to operate in UK airspace. BAE Systems’ Taranis UCAV The Leonardo SW-4 Solo demonstrator meanwhile, has only fl own (so far optionally piloted rotorcraft. as we know) in the remote outback in Australia. Meanwhile, ’s Zephyr 7 HALE (three of which are have been bought by Summary the UK MoD) is still being built at Farnborough. Though this, of course, was a Royal Navy-led It seems clear then that UW16 will provide plenty exercise that involved a focus on maritime missions, of food for thought for MoD, industry and defence it might have been useful to explore these other analysts for months to come. Despite paper studies platforms capabilities. Could, for example, Taranis and simulations, if is only by getting technology (whose successor FCAS may be an effective SEAD into the fi eld and testing it in the hands of users, platform) also be used in the anti-ship role (France that the real opportunities and benefi ts become is already testing maritime integration with its apparent – as well as practical drawbacks. For Neuron)? What might the persistent Zephyr 7 (able example, British Army manoeuvres in September to stay aloft for three months at a time) be able 1912 saw Blue Forces use observation aircraft to to do, especially when equipped with a maritime decisively win an exercise against opposing Red radar? These questions, as well as how the F-35, Forces. Only two years later, this use of airpower to P-8 and Protector UAV will fi t into the future scout for enemy forces was critical in discovering battlespace, will have to be left to any future UW17 German forces attempting to encircle the British or UW18. Army at Mons. The rest, as they say, is history. In short, the Royal Navy may have been behind While UW16 may have broken new ground (or the curve in unmanned systems – but UW16 has water?) in the scale and variety of UAS/USV/UUV now catapulted it into one of the most innovative integration, there remain a few challenges. services in the game of drones.

@aerosociety i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com DECEMBER 2016 37 PLANE SPEAKING Kevin Cummings Plane Speaking with Kevin Cummings

We speak to GKN Aerospace’s CEO, KEVIN CUMMINGS, about Brexit, the acquisition of Fokker, employee skill shortages and the lack of women in the UK’s aerospace engineering workforce.

AEROSPACE: Last month (November) you AEROSPACE: Do you expect Brexit to affect your gave a keynote speech at the RAeS President’s future access to EU aerospace R&D projects – for Conference. Can you give us a taste of what you example the next Clean Sky? focused on? KC: No, as again, we are a global business. GKN KC: I took the opportunity to look at how the UK Aerospace has signifi cant technology centres in has come to be the second largest aerospace countries, such as Holland and Sweden, as well as in the UK. We will continue to be active in a

GKN Aerospace industry in the world. What has driven its success in the past and what lessons that should teach us number of national and European R&D programmes for the future. Only by remaining innovative and from these countries. The UK technology centres investing in our industry will the UK earn the right continue to be well engaged with ATI R&D to drive the technology developments of aircraft in programmes and GKN Aerospace plays a very active role in the both the strategic direction and the future ensuring industrial partner needs are recognised in future UK/Europe developments. AEROSPACE: This year we have seen the political earthquake of the EU Referendum. Has that had AEROSPACE: Airlines are now deferring orders any impact on your day-to-day business? and sales have fallen at major airshows. Are we now KC: GKN Aerospace is a global company with the heading for a slump in civil aerospace? majority of our operations outside of the UK and many within other countries across Europe. Due KC: A reduction in orders has been anticipated as to our global footprint, we do not anticipate any the backlog of the original equipment manufacturers signifi cant impact from Brexit. (OEMs) has reached a record level. In the short to GKN Aerospace GKN

38 AEROSPACE / DECEMBER 2016 mid-term, production of aircraft is still forecast to increase.

AEROSPACE: We have seen major OEMs products delayed by supply chain bottlenecks. Are the OEMs still ratcheting up the pressure to cut costs and cut time?

KC: Within the aerospace market there is constant pressure to innovate and, at the same time, to decrease cycle times and lower cost. Our customers put pressure on us to achieve this, just as we put pressure on those in our supply chain. It’s a challenge but I fi rmly believe it’s one that makes us a stronger company.

AEROSPACE: GKN’s latest acquisition was

Fokker. What have they brought to the group? What GKN Aerospace new opportunities does this acquisition provide? AEROSPACE: Boeing announced at Farnborough KC: The acquisition strengthened our position in this year ‘additional bidding opportunities on Boeing aerostructures, taking GKN Aerospace to global programmes’ for UK suppliers. Do you plan to take No. 2, and it also brought a strong presence in advantage of this? Eurasia to complement our existing position. We now have a complete composite technology base, KC: We are very much a global business and we including moving composites into the landing work with our key customers, including Boeing, gear environment, and the wiring business has around the world. While we are always looking for also broadened our reach on aircraft, bringing ways to strengthen these partnerships, we do not new opportunities as structures and electrifi cation comment on specifi c programmes or bids. become increasingly integrated. The acquisition also increased GKN’s shipset value on key growth AEROSPACE: How has GKN benefi ted from the programmes in both the commercial and military industrial strategy defi ned by the Aerospace Growth markets. Partnership? Is that working, or is there more that needs to be done to keep the UK competitive? AEROSPACE: After Volvo Aero and Fokker, will we see any other acquisitions in the near futur, or is KC: The most signifi cant impact on GKN that it for the moment? Aerospace has been the creation of the ATI, which KC: GKN Aerospace is focused on growth. does an important job in co-ordinating the UK Organic growth is, of course, a priority but we aerospace strategy. This allows GKN Aerospace continue to review strategic opportunities and we to input into the strategy and collaborate with key remain open to acquire other businesses in the customers and academic institutes in developing future, where it makes good business sense to do technologies. so. AEROSPACE: What ATI-funded R&D projects is GKN involved with? AEROSPACE: What are your market sector priorities going forward, (civil, military or even KC: GKN Aerospace is involved in a wide range of geographically, eg China)? OF SIMILAR ATI programmes, from ones led by GKN Aerospace, KC: We are currently satisfi ed with our balance of IMPORTANCE such as ‘VIEWS’ which brings together a number of civil (75%) and military (25%) business. Beyond IS TO ENSURE manufacturing and assembly technologies for wing that, our strategy is clear: to develop innovative THAT structures, through to ‘Horizon’ which collaborates technologies that are highly valued by our with Airbus and our GKN Powder Metallurgy division customers and differentiate us in the market place. ENGINEERING in developing the research to allow optimisation This differentiating technology, allied to operational IS MUCH MORE of powder, equipment and process for additive excellence (quality products, delivered safely and OPEN TO manufacturing. on time to our customers) and our strong global WOMEN AND, footprint (more than 50 manufacturing facilities AEROSPACE: Do you think that the UK is still facing across 15 countries in three continents) will enable IN PARTICULAR, an engineering skills crisis in the future? What more us to achieve growth for the business. YOUNG WOMEN would you like to see done in education or STEM?

@aerosociety i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com DECEMBER 2016 39 PLANE SPEAKING Kevin Cummings

KC: The UK has a long heritage of aerospace Aerospace GKN KC: The focus needs to be on improving materials, capability and remains at the forefront of the manufacturing processes and systems to make industry today. Looking to the future though, it is air transport more effi cient, minimising impact on important that expertise is developed and retained the environment and ever more cost effective. Any to preserve our position. I think there are two technology that contributes to these goals will win key areas to focus on. The fi rst is to ensure that in the market. signifi cant product development work is secured in the UK, with responsibility for high value AEROSPACE: How do you see the 3D printing design and new technology development to meet industry evolving? Will it replace traditional future product and customer targets. Of similar manufacturing? importance is to ensure that engineering is much more open to women and, in particular, young KC: Additive manufacturing will transform women. Having this group so woefully under- manufacturing across multiple industries, including represented means we are missing out on half aerospace. At present AM components are typically the intellectual might of the country – we cannot smaller, secondary structures, with engineers expect to compete at the top table if this continues. primarily focused on certifying parts as direct replacements for existing metallic or composite AEROSPACE: What do you think are the most components. In the future, as engineers become exciting technologies that GKN is working on at more comfortable and the process and materials the moment? become better qualifi ed, we will see larger, safety- critical AM components. Furthermore, entirely new KC: GKN Aerospace is always working in parallel component shapes will be introduced as we learn to deliver great technology to our customers today, to design for the characteristics of AM, so-called Boeing

while developing the solutions of tomorrow. Additive The GKN-produced Boeing ‘design for AM’. When we can take raw powder Manufacturing (AM) fi ts both categories and is a 737 MAX winglets. and manufacture complex, highly optimised, major focus for us. We already have AM parts fl ying safety-critical parts, there really are few limits – it in civil, military and spacecraft, and we continue to will require a total shift in how we think about explore the huge opportunities which AM presents manufacturing. for component optimisation. I believe that AM will revolutionise manufacturing. On the materials side, AEROSPACE: Post-Brexit vote, what would your we are particularly focused on the next generation message to the Government be about keeping UK of composite technologies, including fi bre metal aerospace in the top tier? laminate (FML) and thermoplastics, both of which can offer signifi cant strength and weight benefi ts to KC: Quite simply, to play to our strengths. We our customers. Finally, from a systems perspective, have the second biggest aerospace industry we have some exciting technologies in anti-icing in the world. We are building a product which and electrical wiring systems, which will become consumers want, and the world needs. However, increasingly important as we move towards more the only way the UK will remain at the forefront integrated structures. of aerospace technology is if we can maintain a truly open economy, with no barriers to trade; AEROSPACE: For any future generation of if there is investment in the industry, a truly airliners for 2030s beyond the A320neo or 737 supportive research environment and a highly MAX – where do you think the key R&D investment skilled workforce, open to all. In all these areas, the needs to be focused? Government has a big role to play.

40 AEROSPACE / DECEMBER 2016 Afterburner www.aerosociety.com Diary 6 December Wilbur and Orville Wright Lecture Growing the Future RAF ACM Sir Stephen Hillier KCB CBE DFC ADC MA FRAeS RAF, Chief of the Air Staff, Royal Air Force

Two Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning IIs. Lockheed Martin.

42 Message from RAeS 44 Book Reviews 50 Stepping up to - President The , Kings of the Air, Initial Management Airworthiness and Drones. “Although there are a number of sesquicentennial Wednesday 2 September saw some of the future events still coming in the early months of 2017, I stars and innovators of the British aerospace thought I’d refl ect, with input from Martin and Sir 47 Library Additions industry descend on Hamilton Place for the Young Stephen, on how our 150th celebrations have set Person’s annual conference. us up for the future: not an exhaustive list, so please Books submitted to the National Aerospace Library. forgive me if I do not mention all the events and 51 National Aerospace achievements of this remarkable year!” 48 Sir Henry Royce Lecture Library The 52nd Sir Henry Royce Lecture celebrated Merchandise and gifts using images from the the Society’s 150th anniversary and promoted the - Chief Executive National Aerospace Library’s extensive image shared innovative aerospace history of Rolls-Royce “A huge vote of thanks is due to Colin Smith CBE collection. HonFRAeS, Group President of Rolls-Royce, and the RAeS. who stepped in at short notice to deliver the Diary 2016 Brabazon Lecture which reflected on the 52 technologies of the past, present and future set 49 150th Anniversary Gifts Find out when and where around the world the against the background of his 40-year career with gifts to suite all tastes, classic or latest aeronautical and aerospace lectures and Rolls-Royce.” contemporary. events are happening.

Find us on Twitter i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com DECEMBER 2016 41 Afterburner Message from RAeS OUR PRESIDENT

Prof Chris Atkin Although there are a number of sesquicentennial events still coming in the early months of 2017, I thought I’d refl ect, with input from Martin and Sir Stephen, on how our 150th celebrations have set us up for the future: not an exhaustive list, so please forgive me if I do not mention all the events and achievements of this remarkable year! The excellent Branch events which Martin, Sir Stephen or I managed to join with include Coventry, our senior Branch, sharing its own 90th birthday celebrations with a congratulatory note to Her Majesty, which was equally warmly acknowledged; Oxford, marking James Sadler’s historical fi rst aeronautical In early September the RAeS Belfast Branch held a Gala Dinner in the iconic building of Titanic Belfast to celebrate the 150th excursion of October 1784; Preston (Frank Roe) anniversary of the founding of the Society and also 100 years and Brussels (von Kármán) launching new named since aircraft production began in Ireland at Harland & Wolff, lectures; others, like Shrivenham, Bristol, when they received a ‘learning contract’ to build 300 DC, Belfast, Montreal and Seattle, pushing the boat DH6 aircraft. Marking Belfast’s rich aerospace heritage and out with some exceptional hospitality to promote the manufacturing industry, this event was attended by almost 100 representatives and guests of the Northern Ireland Aerospace Society, marking the achievement of 150 years and Defence Security & Space (ADS). underlining our continuing contribution in the future. In writing this article I have to lament the relatively limited radius of travel of the presidential team. However, Sir day covers, including the great-great-great-grandson Stephen was able to join the New Zealand Division’s of Sir George Cayley, who coincidentally taught me 150th Anniversary Dinner, and I shall have celebrated Latin at school (Sir Digby, not Sir George). the sesquicentenary with the Pakistan Division by the The Society is at its best dealing with unexpected time you read this. Visits to the Australian and South developments and responded to the UK Brexit vote African Divisions are in the diary for the new year, in in June with a well-supported Brexit conference combination with some academic duties! early in November, which has strengthened in the Many Branches very successfully engaged local UK the Society’s reputation for independence and industry in their events: Gloucester and Cheltenham for cogent analysis of the issues by our broad-based with a young persons’ lecture competition; the East membership; internationally, I have also been putting of Branches celebrated innovation with in a few extra hours explaining that the Society’s seminars and panel sessions; with a panel global outlook and signifi cance, like those of our discussion after the Sedlmayr lecture; Bedford with sector, are absolutely unchanged by domestic British a locally-sourced innovation expo at Shuttleworth; politics! Sheffi eld with a remarkable STEM day; Stevenage Looking inward, Council has completed running an challenge (p 54) for schools (with separate major reviews of Council members’ own Boscombe lining up a balloon event for February); wider responsibilities within the Society; how Munich celebrating their own 25th with a lecture the Society engages with our membership; and THE SOCIETY double-header and a busy visit itinerary for me. We particularly how to engage better with our growing IS AT ITS BEST can also look forward to the future activities of our international membership. I hope to be able to share DEALING WITH four new Branches founded in 2016, in Abu Dhabi, the conclusions of these discussions in subsequent Nottingham, Islamabad and Kamra, Pakistan. issues of AEROSPACE. UNEXPECTED At 4HP the birthday celebrations were kicked So we have had a productive and inspiring year, DEVELOPMENTS off with the splendid, keenly-contested debate on and I would like to both thank and congratulate Lee AND RESPONDED the future need for pilots; the Banquet was hosted at Balthazor and the 2016 team, as well as Branch Guildhall and supported by HRH the Prince Michael committees and no doubt many unsung individuals, TO THE UK of Kent; the May Branches Conference marked for delivering an extensive, varied and interesting set BREXIT VOTE the 150th by meeting at No.4; our longest-serving of events to mark our 150th. Nevertheless, there has IN JUNE WITH members (the most recent having joined in 1948) and been very little suspension of ‘business as usual’ this A WELL- Past Presidents were brought together with a good year, so I would also like to thank, on your behalf, the number of our youngest members to swap stories staff of the Society who have had to step up this year SUPPORTED over an anniversary lunch; the end of November saw and who have been, as always, a great credit to the BREXIT both young members and a remarkable collection of RAeS. CONFERENCE CEOs and CTOs discussing the nature of innovation To close, may I wish you all a restful Christmas EARLY IN in the future; and, to close the year, at the Wilbur and and a prosperous 2017, with a particular nod to our Orville Wright Lecture we shall be hosting aerospace community in New Zealand for the re-building work NOVEMBER VIPs connected with the events depicted on our fi rst that lies ahead.

42 AEROSPACE / DECEMBER 2016 OUR CHIEF EXECUTIVE

Simon C Luxmoore I am pleased to announce a number of changes within the staff as Simon Levy becomes Head of Business Development, Simon Whalley takes on responsibility for the Publications Team as Head of External Affairs, and Emma Bossom becomes Marketing and Communications Director. There are promotions for Alex Brodie to the role of Database and Operational Support Co-ordinator and Gosia Skierkiewicz is promoted to Membership Subscriptions Officer. We also welcome Neeral Patel and Jack Suttie to the Membership Team and Tim Wood to the Business Development Team. At a well-attended ‘Brexit and Aerospace’ conference, the Society was delighted to secure the Minister of State for Exiting the European Union, the Rt Hon David Jones MP, and the President of Airbus UK, Paul Kahn FRAeS, to deliver the keynote addresses. Chair of the Louise Warren, RAeS Events and Sales Manager, centre, collects the London’s Best Corporate Summer Party Venue award on House of Commons Education Committee, Neil behalf of the RAeS venue team. Carmichael MP, joined the education and skills session panel. In his speech, the Minister, with particular responsibility in his department for Our Skills and Careers team, led by Roz Azouzi, aerospace and aviation, is eager to receive expert organised another very successful Careers views and evidence from organisations like the in Aerospace LIVE event at the beginning of Society and encouraged continuous engagement November. Our thanks go to the exhibitors with his officials over the next few years. The representing the whole aerospace and aviation conference provided substantial, high-quality community and wish them every success in their material that will inform the Society’s advice to autumn recruitment. Government on the implications, options and Our resilient and very capable Head of Skills opportunities for aerospace from Brexit. and Careers has many ‘balls to juggle’ during Early in October, No.4 Hamilton Place was her very busy year which is often spent awarded London’s Best Corporate Summer travelling around the country delivering various Party Venue by The London Venue Awards programmes and other products on behalf 2016. Louise Warren, our Events and of the Society. Most recently they were at Sales Manager, stood before 380 industry AMRC where our Sheffield Branch hosted an professionals to accept the award, following a excellent day-long programme of events aimed rigorous judging process carried out by a panel at primary and secondary school pupils and THE of over 30 expert representatives from a variety then concluded in the evening with a branch CONFERENCE of venues. We believe we owe this win to the lecture. An enormous amount of work was PROVIDED expertise of our events and catering team, and put into the organisation of this event by both SUBSTANTIAL, our popular Argyll Room and roof top Terrace the Branch Committee and Sheffield Hallam affording the finest views over Hyde Park. University volunteers and other volunteers too HIGH-QUALITY Following the AGM of the New Zealand Division, numerous to mention. However, like so many MATERIAL THAT Frank Sharp FRAeS stood down as President of outreach and Cool Aeronautics events I have WILL INFORM the Division and John MaciIree MRAeS began attended over recent years they were let down his term as President (John is a Senior Adviser by last minute no-shows – schools who have THE SOCIETY’S in the Ministry of Transport). committed over time and right up to the last ADVICE TO A huge vote of thanks is due to Colin Smith CBE minute but on the day do not appear. This has GOVERNMENT HonFRAeS, Group President of Rolls-Royce, long been a frustration of mine when we hold ON THE who stepped in at short notice to deliver the the events at No.4 – you are expecting and have 2016 Brabazon Lecture which reflected on the planned for a full house and a very significant IMPLICATIONS, technologies of the past, present and future set proportion just do not appear. In exceptional OPTIONS AND against the background of his 40-year career cases we now financially support the provision OPPORTUNITIES with Rolls-Royce. The lecture was well attended of transport to help these pupils attend but FOR AEROSPACE and it was particularly pleasing to see so many disappointingly I think there is a tendency at younger people present and they played their full some schools to believe that not stepping up to FROM BREXIT part in an excellent question and answer session. your commitments is acceptable!

Find us on Twitter i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com DECEMBER 2016 43 Afterburner Book Reviews THE AVRO MANCHESTER

The Legend behind the Lancaster By R Kirkby

Fonthill Media Limited, Millview House, Toadsmoor Road, Stroud GL5 2TB, UK. 2015. 509pp. Illustrated. £50. ISBN 978-1-78155-285-8.

The Avro Manchester bomber, largely seen as a failure, is vindicated in this remarkable book by what must have been a prodigious effort of research on but sometimes harrowing to read, are the stories Avro Manchester IA. the part of the author. RAeS (NAL). of all 200 aircraft and their crews in operations Designed and built to an Air Ministry against fi erce and determined anti-aircraft opposition specifi cation of 1936, the Manchester was one of together with the diffi culties of returning home the fi rst and, if I may use the term, modern , when an engine had failed or been damaged, in a The Avro in view of its stressed skin construction. It was machine that could barely maintain height in that Manchester powered by two Rolls-Royce Vulture engines each confi guration. There are many personal accounts by of which was a pair of developed Kestrels, itself crew members, including those who, after baling out, bomber, a very reliable and successful engine, that were escaped and returned to this country. largely seen combined on a common crankcase with one of The Manchester airframe, with little modifi cation, as a failure, is them inverted to form an ‘X’ confi guration, to give an became that of the four Merlin-engined Lancaster, engine of great power. one of this country’s most revered aeroplanes, vindicated in Yet it was not to be. The, so-called, ‘big-end’ elements of which survived through to the this remarkable bearings of the connecting rods to the crankshaft Shackleton aircraft fi nally decommissioned in 1991. book by what now had to carry the stress of four rather than two Your reviewer sees this book as a major must have been pistons and these, among other things, proved contribution to the early history of WW2 and a unreliable. But this was war, the exigency of which memorial to the valour and commitment of the a prodigious in the dark days of the early 1940s, meant weapons crews who took part, besides whom one can only effort of had to be pressed into use while the efforts to stand in awe. research on improve them went on. the part of the So the Manchester went to war, and in this book, R G Boor dense with information, photographs and illustrations, CEng FRAeS author

KINGS OF THE AIR French Aces and Airmen of not used. The result is an excellent overview of the French air forces from their origins until the end the Great War of the war, covering all aspects of aerial activity By I Sumner including balloons, reconnaissance and so on, as well as the major battles. Pen & Sword Aviation, Pen & Sword Books, 47 Church The book ends abruptly with the Armistice and Street, Barnsley, S Yorkshire S70 2AS, UK. 2015. we do not get his view on the French air forces The result is 252pp. Illustrated. £25. ISBN 978-1-78346-338-1. contribution to fi nal victory or a balance of accounts an excellent with the Germans. However, this does not detract Despite the title this is not just another book on air from the overall achievement of producing a overview of aces. It is a history of French aviation in the Great balanced account from a paucity of sources. The the French air War. To write such a book is no easy task. The French translations from the French are excellent and forces from archives were removed by the Germans in WW2 and luckily the author does not require the services of an their origins then destroyed in an air raid. No offi cial history was editor, which publishers no longer provide. ever written (the author does not mention this), nor There are two maps and photographs but no until the end were any comprehensive histories written between footnotes or bibliographical essay which would both of the war, the wars apart from one on bombing. have been useful. Nonetheless all afi cionados of the covering all The stated aim, in any case, was to tell the story air operations of WW1 will wish to read this book. aspects of in the words of the airmen, using magazine articles and memoirs, although some well-known ones are Christian Busby aerial activity ...

44 AEROSPACE / DECEMBER 2016 INITIAL AIRWORTHINESS

Determining the Acceptability of internationally acceptable design requirements Above and below: The e-Go is a particularly useful service, as it appears that, prototype, G-EFUN. e-Go of New Airborne Systems aeroplanes are seeking a in the future, international regulators will enable buyer to move the company By G Gratton designers much greater fl exibility in the choice of into full production of the the standard, such as under the US ASTM approach. single-seat aircraft and future Springer. 2015. 319pp. Illustrated. £134.50. ISBN The author’s experience enables him to continue production of the multi-seat 9783-319-11408-8.. by provide practical examples in the choice of variants. e-Go. compliance methods ranging, according to need, The challenges facing would-be aeroplane from complex computerised analysis to ‘back-of- designers are many and varied and, in all cases, an-envelope’ hand calculation estimates, some of are complicated by the paucity of authoritative which are presented as illustrations! The interface sources of necessary guidance in preparing with fl ight test and evaluation is managed pretty well This book could regulatory compliance. Even in this age of web- but is only in a few cases are there details of fl ight based searches, it remains a complex task to test techniques, without considering such aspects become a ‘go- access appropriate information, let alone ‘softer’ as planning, risk assessment, preparation and to’ reference advice, which is often more useful than bland instrumentation (specialist subjects in themselves). for initial requirements. In Initial Airworthiness, which might It would be easy to criticise the balance of the more graphically be entitled: ‘How to design and content of such a book. This reviewer would have compliance justify the compliance of an airframe’, Guy Gratton preferred to have seen more included on design information in brings together both the details and the advice for stiffness, structural stability, aero-elasticity any designer’s necessary to form a primer for those who have and fl utter, perhaps in favour of the very detailed archive interest or aspiration to design an airframe. The treatment given to the standard atmosphere and author draws on his wide experience of aeroplane anemometry, which dominates the early part of types and roles for this volume which will be of this book. That said, all the topics are treated in particular value to the individual designer-builder of a readable style, with illustrative examples and light sport aeroplanes, hopefully encouraged by the diagrams, complete with softer advice and diverting new UK regulations for an experimental category, historic detail. which was recently negotiated by the CAA as This book could become a ‘go-to’ reference CAP1220. for initial compliance information in any designer’s The range of the necessary material is so archive. It can hardly be expected to provide the wide that it is almost impossible to provide all- fi ne detail, but whatever the airframe design issue enveloping detail in one volume of this size. In each may be, it is a very good place to start. Sadly, the chapter, the existing requirements are compared principle limitation of this admirably broad overview and contrasted, before giving deeper guidance on tome is a total lack of references for further detailed the anticipated, but often unstated (in requirement study. documents), the means of compliance. The concise presentation of the sources and classes Howard Torode

Find us on Twitter i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com DECEMBER 2016 45 Afterburner Book Reviews DRONES An Illustrated Guide to the Unmanned Aircraft that are Filling our Skies By M J Dougherty

Amber Books, London. Distributed by Casemate UK, 10 Hythe Bridge Street, Oxford OX1 2EW, UK. 2015. 224pp. Illustrated. £19.99. ISBN 978-1- 78274-255-5.

The global market for unmanned aircraft – commonly known as ‘drones’ – has grown substantially over the past few years, primarily driven by the growth in military use. Technical capabilities of unmanned aircraft, and their associated technologies, have matured over this period, such that these technical developments are enabling new markets and driving high growth rates in civil applications. Above: A Northrop Grumman This beautifully illustrated book details the MQ-8C Fire Scout prepares to land on the guided-missile history of unmanned aircraft, explains how they destroyer, USS Jason Dunham work, including technical details of unmanned (DDG 109). Northrop Grumman. aircraft design, such as avionics, engines, radar, Right: The fi rst Boeing X-37B sensors and weapons, and features well known Orbital Test Vehicle waits in the encapsulation cell of the systems in action today, ranging from the MQ-9 Evolved Expendable Launch Reaper to the hand-launched Cropcam. Containing vehicle. USAF. over 200 colour photographs and diagrams, this book presents in detail the cutting edge of military and civilian unmanned aircraft technology. The fi rst section of the book looks at the military use of unmanned aircraft. Starting with the introduction of weapons, such as the V1, to the growing variety of present day systems in use today. There are chapters on combat ‘drones’ – such as Reaper – as well as long endurance , such as Global Hawk. In addition, there are chapters describing medium and long-range drones, a variety of rotary-wing drones, plus small hand- launched aircraft. The second section of the book is dedicated to civil drones, including those used for agriculture and ... what makes wildlife monitoring, those used by NASA, as well as this book stand underwater unmanned systems and those used in out among space. Finally, the book concludes with a piece on the rest is the potential future development of drones. If there is one criticism, it is that there does the excellent tend to be a strong US bias in the unmanned illustrations aircraft presented. However, as mentioned of unmanned previously, what makes this book stand out among aircraft of the rest is the excellent illustrations of unmanned aircraft of all shapes and sizes, manufactured and all shapes operated worldwide, supported by clear graphics and sizes, it is becoming established around the world in a and technical detail. The book is well written, manufactured relatively short period of time. engaging, and maintains interest throughout, and and operated I would recommend it to anybody wishing to learn Andrew Chadwick more about this fascinating technology and how worldwide ... CEng MRAeS

46 AEROSPACE / DECEMBER 2016 Library Additions BOOKS

AEROMODELLING – Third edition. Edited by M operations of the Spitfi re over Machines and Tactics. L senior RAF commander Klokker and U Taudorf. Grafi sk Sweden during WW2 and, Bennett. Helion & Company during WW2 which was to Junkers Ju 87. Spotlight On Werk Praesto, Denmark. 2014. in particular, the post-war Limited, 26 Willow Road, be published in Cross and series. S Schatz. Published by Distributed by Academic Flygvapnet operations of the Solihull B91 1UE, UK. 2015. Cockade International Journal, Stratus, , on behalf of Books, Norre Alle 20, DK- S 31 Spitfi re Distributed by Casemate, 10 Vol 25, (1), 1994. Mushroom Model Publications, 2200 Copenhagen N (E MkXIX Type 390 used for Hythe Bridge Street, Oxford, 3 Gloucester Close, [email protected]). reconnaissance. OX1 2EW, UK. 406pp. STRUCTURES AND Petersfi eld, Hants GU32 3AX, 128pp. Illustrated. ISBN 978- Illustrated. £29.95. ISBN 978- MATERIALS UK (www.mmpbooks.biz). 87-997292-3-4. 1942 – Farnborough at 1-909982-84-0. 2016. 43pp. Illustrated. £19. A well-illustrated guide to War: French Test Pilot ISBN 978-8365281-13-5. the requirements and practical at the Royal Aircraft The Way of the Eagle. C J Produced for operational procedures/ Establishment during Biddle. Casemate Publishers, aeromodellers, a compilation considerations of transporting the Second World War. M 10 Hythe Bridge Street, of detailed colour diagrams people with acute and chronic Claisse. Elvetham Publications, Oxford OX1 2EW, UK. 2016. recording the aircraft markings diseases and disabled Fleet. 2010. 12pp. Illustrated. 283pp. Illustrated. £19.95. of the famous German dive passengers by aircraft. ISBN 978-0-9553268-9-9. ISBN 978-1-61200-390-0. bomber through its many Originally published Originally published variants. AVIONICS AND SYSTEMS in Icare No 41 Spring- in 1919 and based on the Summer 1967, the author author’s detailed letters to Hawker Tornado, Typhoon, recalls his wartime years his family, the revealing diary Tempest V. Spotlight On spent at RAE Farnborough of an American pilot who series. J Swiatlon. Published during 1942-1943 and his enlisted in April 1917 with by Stratus, Poland, on behalf of recollections of Engine Flight the French Foreign Legion – Mushroom Model Publications, and Aerodynamics Flight and Aviation Section and fl ew as 3 Gloucester Close, the various aircraft types they a volunteer over the Western Petersfi eld, Hants GU32 3AX, tested. Front, initially for the French UK (www.mmpbooks.biz). in Escadrille 73. Biddle then 2016. 43pp. Illustrated. £19. LIGHTER-THAN-AIR fl ew for the American 103rd Composite Materials ISBN 978-8365281-09-8. Aero Squadron (the Lafayette and Structural Analysis. Produced for Lighter Than Air: the Escadrille) and fi nally for the N G R Iyengar. MV Learning, aeromodellers, a compilation Life and Times of Wing 13th Aero Squadron AEF and 3 Henrietta Street, London of detailed colour diagrams Commander N F Usborne 4th Pursuit Group (which he WC2E 8LU, UK. 2016. recording the aircraft RN, Pioneer of Naval commanded). 300pp. Illustrated. £21.95. markings/ camoufl age Aviation. G Warner. Pen & ISBN 978-81-309-2808-1. schemes of these aircraft in Sword Aviation, Pen & Sword Sixty Squadron RAF: a RAF operation. Books, 47 Church Street, History of the Squadron UNMANNED AERIAL Barnsley, S Yorkshire S70 2AS, from its Formation. A J L VEHICLES F-104 Starfi ghter Special UK. 2016. 310pp. Illustrated. Scott. Casemate Publishers, Camoufl ages. Spotlight On Principles of Synthetic £25. ISBN 978-1-47382- 10 Hythe Bridge Street, Unmanned Systems of series. L De Vries. Published Aperture Radar Imaging: 902-2. Oxford OX1 2EW, UK. 2016. World Wars I and II. H R by Stratus, Poland, on behalf of a System Simulation 158pp. Illustrated. £19.95. Everett. The MIT Press, Suite Mushroom Model Publications, Approach. K-S Chen. CRC Howden Airship Station ISBN 978-1-61200-384-9. 2, 1 Duchess Street, London 3 Gloucester Close, Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 1915-1930. T Asquith and K Originally published in W1W 6AN, UK. 2015. 757pp. Petersfi eld, Hants GU32 3AX, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway Deacon. Howden Civic Society. 1920, a detailed contemporary Illustrated. £54.95. ISBN 978- UK (www.mmpbooks.biz). NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, 2006. 53pp. Illustrated. account of the air operations 0-262-02922-3. 2016. 44pp. Illustrated. £19. FL, 33487-2742, USA. 2016. A concise pictorial of 60 Squadron during WW1 ISBN 978-83-63678-58-6. Distributed by Taylor & Francis history of the Yorkshire airship – Harold Balfour, Albert Ball, Smart Autonomous Produced for Group, 2 Park Square, Milton station which after its WW1 W A ‘Billy’ Bishop and T B Aircraft: Flight Control aeromodellers, a compilation Park, Abingdon OX14 4RN, operations was to serve as the McCudden among the fi ghter and Planning for UAV. Y B of detailed colour diagrams UK. 203pp. Illustrated. £102. base for the R-33, R-34, R-38, pilots featured – the book Sebbane. CRC Press, Taylor & recording the aircraft markings [20% discount available to R-80 and R-100 . concluding with detailed Francis Group, 6000 Broken used on the famous Lockheed RAeS members via www. appendices recording the Sound Parkway NW, Suite fi ghter by various air forces crcpress.com using AKQ07 PROPULSION squadron’s serving offi cers, 300, Boca Raton, FL, 33487- around the world. promotion code]. ISBN 978-1- casualties and combat claims 2742, USA. 2016. Distributed 4665-9314-5. and a brief review of the by Taylor & Francis Group, Messerschmitt BF 109 squadron’s subsequent history 2 Park Square, Milton Park, in Romania. T L Morosanu HISTORICAL by D W Warne. Abingdon OX14 4RN, UK. and D Melinte. Published by 422pp. £76.99. [20% discount Stratus, Poland, on behalf of Bloody Paralyser: the Luftwaffe in Colour: the available to RAeS members Mushroom Model Publications, Giant Victory Years 1939-1942. C via www.crcpress.com using 3 Gloucester Close, Bombers of the First Cony and J-L Roba. Casemate AKQ07 promotion code]. ISBN Petersfi eld, Hants GU32 3AX, World War. R Langham. Publishers, 10 Hythe Bridge 978-1-4822-9915-1. UK (www.mmpbooks.biz). Fonthill Media Limited, Millview Street, Oxford OX1 2EW, 2016. 45pp. Illustrated. £19. House, Toadsmoor Road, UK. 2016. 160pp. Illustrated. ISBN 978-83-65281-05-0. Stroud GL5 2TB, UK. 2016. £19.95. ISBN 978-1-61200- Produced for 208pp. Illustrated. £20. ISBN 408-2. aeromodellers, a compilation 978-1-78155-080-9. A compilation of over of detailed colour diagrams 300 rare colour photographs recording the aircraft markings Spitfi re in Sweden. – produced using the German used on the Messerschmitt M Forslund. Mikael Forslund Gas Turbine Propulsion. Agfacolor process – portraying Bf109E/Bf109G and their Produktion AB, Falum, D P Mishra. MV Learning, the men and aircraft of the variants as operated by the Sweden. 2016. Distributed by 3 Henrietta Street, London Luftwaffe during the initial Aeronautica Regala Romana Mushroom Model Publications, WC2E 8LU, UK. 2016. years of WW2. For further information during WW2. 3 Gloucester Close, 355pp. Illustrated. £22.50. contact the National Petersfi eld, Hants, GU32 3AX, ISBN 978-81-309-2752-7. From Sail to Wing: Aerospace Library. AVIATION MEDICINE UK (www.mmpbooks.biz). the Career of Air Chief T +44 (0)1252 701038 208pp. Illustrated. £40. ISBN SERVICE AVIATION Marshal Sir Frederick or 701060 Air Travel and 978-91-977677-8-1. Bowhill. A Smith. 1994. 49pp. Transportation of Patients: A well-illustrated Churchill’s War Against the The typescript of a E hublibrary@aerosoci- a guide for physicians pictorial history of the 1914-1918: Men, concise biography of the ety.com

Find us on Twitter i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com DECEMBER 2016 47 Afterburner Society News 52nd DERBY BRANCH SIR HENRY ROYCE LECTURE

health monitoring capabilities. Colin noted that A career retrospective and Rolls-Royce continues to develop its capabilities further in these arenas to improve engine the technology of tomorrow operational data analysis and to enable airlines to improve their operational performance, helping increase fuel effi ciency. As of today, Rolls-Royce collects and analyses The 52nd annual Sir Henry Royce Lecture on 30 Terabytes of engine data per year, and is also 16 June celebrated the 150th anniversary of the a leader in high-power computing. Colin showed establishment of the Royal Aeronautical Society and a demonstration of a sophisticated fan-blade promoted the shared innovative aerospace history of separation computer simulation. The simulation Rolls-Royce and the Society while stimulating ideas for future advancements. was based on a 40 million node model and was The lecture was held at the Rolls-Royce designed to replicate real engine test results of a Learning and Career Development Centre in Derby fan blade-off test to improve understanding of the on Thursday 16 June and was attended by senior blade behaviour under test. members of Rolls-Royce and the Royal Aeronautical Colin gave also his view of greener aviation Society, including Simon Luxmoore, RAeS Chief and how Rolls-Royce contributions and technology Executive, and Chris Barkey, Rolls-Royce Group developments are vital for a more sustainable Director of Engineering and Technology. aerospace future. Rolls-Royce has made huge Colin Smith CBE HonFRAeS, Rolls-Royce Group improvements in the environmental sustainability President and President of the RAeS Derby Branch, of its engines and is continuing to track favourably towards the ACARE targets to reduce CO presented this year’s lecture on the theme of ‘A 2 emissions by 30% from 2000 to 2050, NO by 75% career retrospective and the technology of tomorrow’. x Colin Smith joined Rolls-Royce in 1974 as and noise by 45db over the same period. an undergraduate apprentice. Over the course of Looking to the future, Colin described the Rolls- his career he has worked on a variety of projects Royce vision for new core engine architectures in a number of locations, starting at Leavesden, a called Advance and UltraFan, the former of which location which, interestingly, is now the home of could be ready for service in ten years. Colin also Warner Bros Harry Potter studios. shared a few of the main enabling technologies Colin Smith progressed to become the President for the UltraFan, such as nickel-based super alloys, of Rolls-Royce Group and was awarded a CBE in ceramic matrix composites, and carbon titanium 2012 for his services to British industry. He is also fan blades. Colin also explained how Rolls-Royce one of very few Honorary Fellows, the Society’s investments contribute to the UK economy highest distinction for aerospace achievement accounting for 2% of UK goods exports, greater awarded only to the most outstanding contributors than 0.6% of GDP, and is a key part of the UK civil to aerospace. aviation industry that supports 230,000 jobs across Colin’s career has spanned a period of the UK. tremendous growth for Rolls-Royce: one great In the varied Q&A which followed the lecture, example of this is Rolls-Royce’s growth in the civil Colin’s advice to the younger members of the wide-body engine market. In 1994 Rolls-Royce audience was that being a good engineer is all had less than 10% share of the market, however, about being able to work with and alongside by 2020 it will have a 50% market share and still other people, commenting that: “Engineering is growing. so complex that one person can’t hold all the Colin refl ected on this year marking 75 years information in their head”, thus indicating the since Britain entered the jet age with the Gloster AS OF TODAY, importance and infl uence of teamwork on success. E28 powered by the Whittle engine in 1941: this He also mentioned the new engineering campus led directly to Rolls-Royce producing the Welland ROLLS-ROYCE planned for Derby’s Rolls-Royce site which will engine for the UK’s fi rst operational jet fi ghter, the COLLECTS AND co-locate many more employees and help people , in 1943. work together and share ideas more effectively. Colin explained how Rolls-Royce constantly ANALYSES 30 Simon Luxmoore gave a vote of thanks at the strives to improve engine effi ciency, fl ight operations TERABYTES OF end of the lecture, noting Colin’s great contribution and reliability for its customers. Today’s modern ENGINE DATA to the aerospace industry, mentioning a particular Rolls-Royce turbofan engines are now 60% more example which was during the Iceland volcanic effi cient than those fi rst-generation turbojets in PER YEAR, AND IS ash incident in 2010. Colin especially was able to 1941 while also generating 50 times more thrust. ALSO A LEADER facilitate negotiations with various key stakeholders. Today’s engines are also 80% more reliable than IN HIGH POWER Simon praised Colin’s commitment to education, they were only ten years ago, driven by a variety of knowledge and fl exibility and his inspirational factors, including improvements in digital and engine COMPUTING leadership to the industry.

48 AEROSPACE / DECEMBER 2016 150th Anniversary Merchandise and Christmas Gifts

The Royal Aeronautical Society produces a range of high quality merchandise at affordable prices. As it is our 150th Anniversary we have released a selection of limited edition products. There is something to suit all tastes, classic or contemporary.

CHRISTMAS IS HERE!

Send out the perfect seasonal greetings this holiday and choose from our selection of Festive Cards. Whether it is for family or friends there is something to suit all tastes.

To place your order, please call +44 (0)20 7670 4300 or visit our online shop on Amazon Afterburner Society News

YOUNG PERSON’S CONFERENCE Stepping up to Management: Young Person’s Conference 2016 Wednesday 2 September saw some of the future stars and innovators of the British aerospace industry descend on Hamilton Place for the Young Person’s annual conference. The prestigious event was attended by a record 147 young aerospace professionals all eager to partake in a full day of workshops and talks. The theme for the day was of professional and personal development, a welcome change from the usual heavily technical conferences. The day was to be split into various talks and workshops with a focus on networking in the various breaks throughout the day. Jenny Body elegantly opened proceedings, a standard which was to be maintained throughout the day by all involved. Speakers were invited from across the industry Richard Smith of Leonardo Finally, a thank you to all the attendees whom to share their stories and experiences with the Helicopters addressing the the Young Person’s Committee would love to young delegates. Senior speakers from large Young Person’s Conference delegates. welcome back to their future events, including next organisations, such as Airbus, BAE Systems and year’s conference. Leonardo Helicopters, gave a range of talks from managing and leading a team, to the mysterious Kathryn Law and Daniel McKenna world of fi nance within an aerospace organisation. On behalf of the RAeS Young Persons Committee There were also a number of non-industry themes; a number of workshops ranging from confi dence in the workplace to tackling presentations, and also a fascinating psychologically- Heritage Awards Scheme – Correction based talk on empowerment. The day concluded Proposers bidding for Society funding for a with two career stories, leaving the young delegates Heritage Awards Plaque should submit their truly inspired for moving forward in their careers. nomination by 31 March each year, making A special thank you goes to the sponsor of clear that they are seeking Society funding (not the event, Willis Lease Finance Corporation, who 1 March as stated in the article in November’s enabled the day to be such a success. Also to all the edition of AEROSPACE). speakers who gave up their time.

COUNCIL NOMINATIONS 2017 Your opportunity to help guide the Society?

The Society would like to hear from members who are interested in standing for the Council in the 2017 elections to be held next spring. Only by having a good number of candidates from all sectors of the aviation and aerospace community can the Council benefi t from a variety of backgrounds and experience. As members will be aware, under the Society’s new governance arrangements approved in late 2012, the democratically elected Council now concentrates on the outward facing aspects of the Society’s global activities. Indeed, as the Society becomes ever more global, it is critically important that our offerings to members, to Corporate Partners and especially to the public – indeed the whole of the aerospace sector that we serve – are of the highest quality. To lead output of the highest quality we need members of Council from every part of the aeronautical community and this is where you come in. As such, please give serious thought to whether you could serve the Society in this most important role. If you are interested, or require further information, please visit our website at www.aerosociety.com/councilelection or contact Saadiya Ogeer, the Society’s Governance and Compliance Manager, on +44 (0)20 7670 4311 or [email protected]. Please note that all nominations must be submitted no later than 31 January 2017.

50 AEROSPACE / DECEMBER 2016 NATIONAL AEROSPACE LIBRARY Merchandise

Over 12,500 images from the National Aerospace Library archives can now be viewed via the website: www.aerosociety.com/printsandposters alongside over 440 vintage colour aviation posters/ magazine covers/air show programmes/airline timetables/decorative book covers/ballooning lithographs, etc from the Library’s archives, where reproductions of them can be ordered as posters or Above: 400-piece jigsaw of prints and a wide range of giftware items including the balloon ascent made by mouse mats, mugs, coasters and, if you fancy a Jacques Alexander César challenge, as jigsaw puzzles (available in 300, 400 Charles and Monsieur Ainé Robert on 1 December 1783. or 1,000-piece versions). Right: Assembled at The website has been produced in collaboration Friedrichshafen during with the Mary Evans Picture Library 1932-1936, the Zeppelin LZ (www.maryevans.com) through whom these 129 Hindenburg’s hull was composed of a ring structure images can be licensed for reproduction in books, of duralumin girders and magazines, advertising and other media bracing wires. Just one of the (E [email protected]). 12,500+ images available from the NAL’s archive. RAeS (NAL).

NEW MODEL GOES ON DISPLAY AT NAL

On 9 June a new addition to the hanging display of model aircraft which can be viewed at the National Aerospace Library was contributed by Martin Dilly and Peter Jellis of the British Model Flying Association (BMFA). Weighing just 810g with a striking wingspan of 2.1 metres, this advanced fl ying model aircraft, Silhouette 2, is a Free Flight Class F1C Engine- Assisted Glider – designed by Stafford Screen – which was fl own on several British teams in European and World Championship teams. Powered by a US-produced Nelson 15 2.5cm2 hard aluminium vacuum-bonded onto 1.4mm balsa. glow-plug engine, developing 1.0bhp, turning a The tail boom is a uni-directional carbon laminate folding carbon-bladed propeller at 30,000rpm with 0.03mm aluminium bonded on the outside. and limited to just fi ve seconds running time, a To design an aircraft that can climb as high as clockwork timer, based on a Soviet grenade fuse possible on limited power, and then can convert mechanism, operates an auto-rudder, variable automatically to a slow-fl ying glider, soaring in tailplane and wing incidence, engine cut-out and thermal up-currents, is a challenge possibly unique fi nally the dethermaliser. Shortly after engine cut- in aviation. out at the top of the vertical climb the timer pulls The fl ying model which has been loaned to the tailplane down to a positive angle of incidence the National Aerospace Library by the BMFA is for a short time, putting the aircraft into its glide prominently displayed at the entrance to the Library confi guration via a quarter bunt, before re-trimming and complements the Library’s striking hanging it into its glide setting. display of the historic Wakefi eld model aircraft To minimise the risk of wing fl utter the structure series (described in The Aerospace Professional uses a carbon spar and is skinned with 0.03mm October 2012).

Find us on Twitter i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com DECEMBER 2016 51 Afterburner Diary

EVENTS www.aerosociety/events LECTURES www.aerosociety/events

5 December SDSR – One Year On Air Power Group Conference

6 December Wilbur and Orville Wright Lecture: Growing the Future RAF ACM Sir Stephen Hillier, Chief of the Air Staff, Royal Air Force Named Lecture

26 January Air Law Group half-day Seminar

30 January RAF Harrier in the Cold War Gp Capt John ‘Jock’ Heron Historical Group Lecture

A Martin-Baker US-16E high-altitude test from its Gloster Meteor test aircraft WA638 in preparation for its service in the F-35. Martin-Baker ejection seats will be discussed at Brough on 14 December; Cambridge on 12 January and on 8 February. Martin-Baker. US Navy/Northrop Grumman ADELAIDE Refreshments from 5pm. dreadnought to dogfi ghter. Building MM1-05, University Lecture 5.15pm. Visitors Greg Baughen. of South Australia, Mawson please register at least 12 January — Martin-Baker Lakes Boulevard, Mawson four days in advance ejector seats. James Pearse. Lakes, SA. 5.30pm. (name and car registration 2 February — Sir Arthur 6 December — End of Year required) E secretary@ Marshall Lecture. The fl ying Dinner and Named Lecture. BoscombeDownRAeS.org exploits of Sir Arthur Marshall. 7 February 6 December — Flight testing Terry Holloway. UAS Maritime Operations BAY OF PLENTY the E-Go. Keith Dennison. UAS Group Conference Classic Flyers, 9 Jean Batten 10 January — A new lease of CARDIFF Drive, Mt Maunganui. 5pm. life for the Gazelle AH Mk1. Flt 7pm. E lecture@raescardiff. 9 February 2 December — Champagne, Lt Stu Walker, Andrew Duffy org.uk Flight Testing the AW159 Wildcat Helicopter at Sea strawberries and Christmas and Phillip Loughlin. 18 January — Battle for nibbles. Aviation medicine. Dr 7 February — The Queen Malta. Ron Powell. Mark Burnand, Deputy Chief Test Pilot, Leonardo Helicopters UK Elizabeth Flight Test Group Lecture Calum Young. carriers: the future 15 February — Engine power fl agships of the UK. Chris – where will it come from in 16 February BEDFORD Coles. the future? Conrad Banks. Swansea University. Humanitarian Aerospace – A New Civil-Military Interface ARA Social Club, Manton 21 February — Current fl ight Conference Lane, Bedford. 7pm. Marylyn test activities at 41 Squadron. Wood, T +44 (0)1933 353517. CHESTER 16 February 14 December — Blue Bear BRISTOL Room 017 Beswick Building, UAVs for Humanitarian Aid Systems Research. Harshad Pugsley Lecture Theatre, University of Chester, Parkgate Daniel Ronen, Co-Founder, UAVAid Raje. Bristol University Faculty of Road, Chester. 7.30pm. Keith UAS Group/IMechE Lecture 11 January — Automated Engineering, Queen’s Building, Housely, T +44 (0)151 348 vehicles in shared spaces. University Walk Bristol. 6.30pm. 4480. 24-25 April Rebecca Advani, Transport E [email protected] 11 January — Vernon The Architecture of Air Travel – Designing for Human Systems Catapult. Joint lecture 1 December — Thunderbolts Clarkson Lecture. The Story Behaviour with ICE. and lightning: are they really of aviation at Broughton/ Air Transport Group Conference 8 February — Lockheed frightening? Rhys Phillips, Hawarden. Aldon Ferguson. Martin Ampthill: Space Rider. Airbus Group Innovations. 8 February — Recent 9 May Alex Godfrey, Lockheed Martin developments in Martin-Baker Staying Alert: Managing Fatigue in Maintenance UK. BROUGH ejection seats. Philip Rowles, Human Factors Group Conference Cottingham Parks Golf and Chief Engineer, Martin-Baker Cranfi eld University BIRMINGHAM, Country Club. 7.30pm. Ben Aircraft. Room 011 Binks WOLVERHAMPTON AND Groves, T +44 (0)1482 Building, University of Chester, 11 May COSFORD 663938. Parkgate Road, Chester. RAeS AGM and Annual Banquet National Cold War Museum, 14 December — Going RAF Museum Cosford, out with a bang. Simon CHRISTCHURCH 13-14 June Shifnal, Shropshire. 7pm. Eden, Principal Reliability Lecture Theatre, Benchmarking for Improving Flight Simulation Chris Hughes, T +44 (0)1902 & Maintainability Engineer, Bournemouth University. Flight Simulation Group Conference 844523. Martin-Baker Aircraft. Joint 7.30pm. Roger Starling, 15 December — 5 July The future lecture with IMechE and IET. E rogerstarling593@btinternet. of civilian unmanned air Robert Blackburn Building, Hull com Aerospace Golf Day systems. Philip Tarry, Director, University. 7pm. 15 December — 150 years Frilford Heath, Oxfordshire Halo Aerial Imaging. of the Royal Aeronautical 5-6 July 19 January — The Spitfi re CAMBRIDGE Society. Air Cdre Bill Tyack, Safe Operations in a Complex Onshore Environment: and Seafi re. Rod Dean. Lecture Theatre ‘0’, Cambridge RAeS Past President. Technology Friend or Foe 16 February — Flight testing University Engineering 26 January — British test Rotorcraft Group Conference the Bristol 188 stainless steel Department, Trumpington pilots – from the FAST archives. research aircraft. John Thorpe. Street, Cambridge. 7.30pm. Ashley Morgan, FAST Archivist. All lectures start at 18.00hrs unless otherwise stated. Jin-Hyun Yu, T +44 (0)1223 23 February — The role of Conference proceedings are available at BOSCOMBE DOWN 373129. a Rolls-Royce test pilot. Phill www.aerosociety.com/news/proceedings Lecture Theatre, MoD Trumpington Street, Cambridge. O’Dell, Chief Test Pilot, Rolls- Boscombe Down. 8 December — From fl ying Royce.

52 AEROSPACE / DECEMBER 2016 COVENTRY Nigel Randall, E oaktree. Lecture Theatre ECG26, [email protected] Engineering & Computing 17 January — The Sabre Building, Coventry University, and Skyline projects. Dr Helen Coventry. 7.30pm. Janet Owen, Webber, ’ T +44 (0)2476 464079. Project Lead for the Advanced 7 December — Red Bull Air Nozzle Programme. Racing. Dr Mike Bromfi eld, Coventry University and Nigel PALMERSTON NORTH Lamb, Team Breitling pilot. Massey School of Aviation, 18 January — Airship Milson, Palmerston North, New development – the Airlander Zealand. 7pm. project. Chris Daniel, 13 December — Lecture and Head of Partnership and Christmas function. Communications, . PRESTON 16 February — Personnel and Conference Lecture and Dinner. Holiday Centre, BAE Systems, Warton. Inn Coventry South, London 7.30pm. Alan Matthews, Road, Ryton on Dunsmore. T +44 (0)1995 61470. 7 December — 100 years of CRANFIELD Brough. Steve Blee/ Vincent Auditorium, Vincent John Newton, BAE Systems Building 52a, Cranfi eld Brough. University. 6pm. 11 January — Taranis 8 December — The aerodynamics. Chris Lee, BAE theory and the reality of Systems. the tiltrotor convertiplane. Scottish Ambulance Service Air Ambulance G-SASA waiting at Fort William West End car park. 8 February — Branch AGM Andrea D’Andrea, Leonardo Andrew Sayers will discuss air ambulance operations in the Scottish Highlands and Islands at followed by Nimrod operations. Helicopters. Richie Fennel, BAE Systems. Cranwell on 12 December. Kent Air Ambulance will be discussed by Lucy Waterson at Medway on CRANWELL 18 January. J M Briscoe. Daedalus Offi cers’ Mess, RAF The Aviator Suite, 1st Floor, Cranwell. 7.30pm. Terminal Building, Prestwick 12 December — Air Masefi eld Lecture. The art Atlantic crossing. Dr Peter Ashworth, Technical Director, Airport. 7.30pm. John Wragg, ambulance. Andrew Sayers. of communication and the Orton. Aeromet International PLC. T +44 (0)1655 750270. role of Airbus connecting 12 December — Aboard DERBY society. James Hinds, Director, HEATHROW MANCHESTER HMS Ark Royal IV. Dugald Nightingale Hall, Moor Lane, Strategy Development, Space Community Learning Centre, Room D7, Renold Building, Cameron. Derby. 5.30pm. Chris Sheaf, Systems, Airbus Defence and British Airways Waterside, University of Manchester. 7pm. 16 January — RJ146 water T +44 (0)1332 269368. Space. Harmondsworth. 6.15pm. For Bryan Cowin, T +44 (0)161 bomber. Mike West. 18 January — Bush fl ying. security passes please contact 799 8979. 13 February — Boeing E-3 Paul Catanach, bush pilot. GLOUCESTER AND Dr Ana Pedraz, 7 December — Graphene. AWACS. February — The development CHELTENHAM E [email protected] Prof Costas Soutis, and potential of the Skylon , or T +44 (0)7936 392799. Manchester University. QUEENSLAND and its Sabre Restaurant Conference Room, 8 December — Development 16 January — Consolidation engines. Mark Thomas, CEO, off Down Hatherley Lane. of aircraft simulation. Capt. of the UK aircraft industry. Victoria Barracks, Petrie Reaction Engines. 7.30pm. Peter Smith, T +44 Hugh Dibley, Synthetic Flight Paul Hodgson, Chief Designer Terrace, Brisbane. 5.30pm. 16 December — (0)1452 857205. Instructor on A320/330/340. (Retd), BAE Systems. Joint End of Year FARNBOROUGH 20 December — Dornier 17Z 12 January — RAeS Schools lecture with TAS. Concorde Drinks. BAE Systems Park Centre, from the sea. Darren Priday, Build-a-Plane Project. Oliver Hangar, Aircraft Viewing area, Farnborough Aerospace RAF Museum Cosford. Vass. Manchester Airport. 8pm. SOLENT Centre. 7.30pm. Dr Mike 17 January — RAF search 9 February — Airspace 15 February — The day Physics D Lecture Theatre, Philpot, and rescue helicopters. Wg Cdr sovereignty. Prof Keith the skies went black. Peter University of Southampton. T +44 (0)1252 614618. Peter Chadwick. Hayward. Hampson, Airport Solutions. 7pm. Chris Taylor, 6 December — Cody Lecture. 21 February — A pilot’s life Room B2 Newton Building, T +44 (0)1489 445627. Captain Eric ‘Winkle’ Brown – in the bush. Capt Bryan Pill, LOUGHBOROUGH Salford University. 5 December — Changing a retrospective. Paul Beaver, Mission Aviation Fellowship. Room U020, Brockington the economies of space: author and broadcaster. Building, Loughborough MEDWAY SSTL’s approach to low-cost 17 January — VC10 military HAMBURG University. 7.30pm. Colin Moss, Staff Restaurant, BAE satellite propulsion. Oli Lane, operations. Paul Morris, Military Hochschule für angewandte T +44 (0)1509 239962. Systems, Marconi Way, Propulsion Team Leader, Air and Information, BAE Wissenschaften (HAW), 6 December — The planning Rochester. 7pm. Robin Heaps, Satellite Technology Systems. Hörsaal 01.12, Berliner Tor 5 and execution of Britain’s fi rst T +44 (0)1634 377973. Services. 14 February — Templer (Neubau), 20099 Hamburg. intercontinental air service: 14 December — 30 years Lecture. Drone technology: 6pm. Richard Sanderson, between UK of bother on the hover. Brian SOUTHEND the next revolution in civil T +49 (0)4167 92012. and South Africa 1932-1939. Laverick Smith. The Royal Naval Association, aviation? Lambert Dopping- 26 January — Flugerprobung Mike Hirst, Branch Committee 18 January — Kent Air 79 East Street, Southend-on- Hepenstal, formerly ASTRAEA A350. Martin Scheuermann, Member. Ambulance. Lucy Waterson. Sea. 8pm. Sean Corr, T +44 Programme Director, BAE Experimental Test Pilot, Airbus. 17 January — Transatlantic (0)20 7929 3400. Systems. 7pm. Joint lecture with DGLR, VDI adventure. Eddie McCallum, MUNICH 13 December — The Percival and HAW. Microlight Pilot. TUM, Campus Garching, Prentice – neither fi sh nor fowl. GATWICK 7 February — The challenges Hörsaal MW 1801. 5.30pm. Terry Dann, pilot and Branch CAA, Aviation House, Gatwick HATFIELD of maintaining Highland and 1 December — Material member. Airport South. 6.30pm. Don Lindop Building, University of Island Airport Services (HIAL). tailoring for lightweight and 14 January — 60th Bates, T +44 (0)20 8654 Hertfordshire, Hatfi eld. 7pm. Andrew Rackham. Joint lecture morphing structures, the shape anniversary lunch. La 1150. Contact Maurice James, with Loughborough University of things to come. Prof Paul Romantica, 9 High Street, 14 December — Aviation T +44 (0)7958 775 441. Velocity Society. Weaver, University of Bristol. Rayleigh. security at Gatwick. Inspector 14 December — Secret 21 February — 3D printing 14 February — The Kevin Swinney, Gatwick Police. operations of the Wooden and digital technology. Kevin OXFORD BAe146/RJ – Britain’s last Joint lecture with CILT. Wonder. Paul Beaver. Smith, Global Applications Magdalen Centre, Oxford airliner. Stephen Skinner, 11 January — Sir Peter 18 January — Single-engined Director, Voxeljet and Steve Science Park, Oxford. 7pm. aviation author and historian.

Find us on Twitter i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com DECEMBER 2016 53 Afterburner Diary

STEVENAGE SYDNEY WEYBRIDGE Fusion Restaurant, Airbus 6 December — Hot Aeros in Brooklands Museum, Defence and Space, Gunnels the Pub. 3 Wise Monkeys Pub, Weybridge. 6.45pm. Ken Wood Road, Stevenage. 555 George Street. Davies, T +44 (0)1483 5.30pm. RSVP Matt Cappell, 531529. E [email protected] 18 January — Title TBC. 6 December — Rise of Symposium Room, B01, Airbus 1 February — Maneouvrable the bomber. Greg Baughen, HQ/SAS, 1 rond point Maurice spacecraft. John Gough, military aviation historian. Bellonte, 31707 Blagnac. former aerodynamicist, HS 11 January — Flying A380. 6pm. Contact: Pass@RAeS- Kingston. Kevin Briggs. Toulouse.org for a security pass. YEOVIL SWINDON 13 December — The Dallas Conference Room 1A, The Montgomery Theatre, Hybrid Air Vehicles Airlander. Leonardo Helicopters, Yeovil. The Defence Academy of the Christopher Daniels, 6pm. David Mccallum, E david. , Joint Services Head of Partnerships and mccallum@leonardocompany. Command Staff College, Communications, Airlander com Shrivenham. 7.30pm. New Project, Hybrid Air Vehicles. 8 December — Risk, the attendees must provide details 24 January — 25th Gordon heart and the air pilot. Prof of the vehicle they will be using Corps Lecture. Safety Michael Joy. not later than fi ve days before aspects of the . 19 January — The Westland the event. Photo ID will be Prof Claude Nicollier, ESA Future Projects Group – a required at the gate (Driving astronaut. personal recollection. Dr Ron Licence/Passport). Advise 14 February — Rolls-Royce Smith. attendance preferably via email Mini-Lecture Competition 16 February — The Reggie to [email protected] or followed by Aero-engines at Brie Awards. Young members’ lecture competition. Branch Secretary Colin Irvin, Rolls-Royce: a proud history Phoenix P5 Cork MkII, N87, inside the hangar at Brough. Steve T +44 (0)7740 136609. and exciting future. Prof Ric Blee and John Newton will discuss 100 years of Brough at 7 December — The Clean Parker. YEOVILTON Sky. Preparing for the next Nuffi eld Sports Pavillion, RNAS Preston on 7 December. RAeS (NAL). generation of civil aircraft. WASHINGTON DC Yeovilton. 6pm. Mark Howard, Airbus. Transportation Security 13 December — FAA 4 January — 100 years of air Administration Systems Yeovilton Christmas Quiz Night. accident investigation. Peter Integration Facility. 9am. Coombs, AAIB. 16 December — Tour of 1 February — Reminiscence the Transportation Security of a Concorde test pilot. Alan Administration Systems Smith. Integration Facility (TSIF).

RAeS STEVENAGE BRANCH AIRSHIP CHALLENGE www.aerosociety.com/150

You are probably aware that the Royal Aeronautical After a number of successful, and some less Society has been celebrating its 150th Anniversary than successful, attempts of navigating their airships throughout 2016. The Wright brothers hadn’t even around our course, scores were in: been born when the RAeS was founded in 1866, 3rd Place: Thomas Alleyne Academy (Stevenage) so what were these early aviation pioneers using? 2nd Place: Sandringham School – Team 1 (St Albans) Balloons and airships of course! 1st Place: Sandringham School – Team 2 In honour of this age-old method of fl ight, the There was also an award for the group with the RAeS Stevenage Branch, in partnership with Airbus, best ‘Team Spirit’ through working together and MBDA and SETPOINT Hertfordshire, created the presenting the best case to judges. This was won by ‘Airship Challenge’, which was held on 21 October The Priory School (Hitchin). First place winners, Sandringham School, with in the MBDA Stevenage Quadrangle to support Judge for the day and MBDA UK General their airship gondola and STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Manager, Bryony Smith, commented: RAeS President, Professor Mathematics) education in our local community. “It’s great to see young people learning about Chris Atkin. Stevenage Branch Vice President, Airbus engineering in a fun and engaging way. Having Stevenage Site Director, Andy Stroomer FRAeS, engineers help teach engineering principals in a provided teams with a seminar on fl ight from its relatable environment can help bring it to life. ‘Team earliest days to the satellites, rockets and rovers Spirit’ is especially important to acknowledge as being worked on today. engineering is not just about technology, it’s also IT’S GREAT TO After being given an insight into fl ight, seven about people. Having people channel their passion SEE YOUNG local school teams designed and built a gondola, the and enthusiasm by collaborating together can help part that hangs under an airship carrying people and bring about great innovations in the future.” PEOPLE cargo, that had to attach to a helium-fi lled weather The RAeS Stevenage Branch would like to LEARNING balloon. thank MBDA, Airbus and SETPOINT for their Keen Year 10 pupils had to balance teamwork, sponsorship, as well as Ben Jutsum and the ABOUT design trade-offs and speed to complete the graduates and apprentices team for organising the ENGINEERING challenge, and then compete against each other event. IN A FUN AND over the ‘Cargo Course’ where time (and gravity) was against them. ENGAGING WAY

54 AEROSPACE / DECEMBER 2016 Corporate Partners NEW PARTNERS EVENTS

The Royal Aeronautical Society would like to Please note: attendance at Corporate Partner Briefi ngs is strictly welcome the following Corporate Partners. exclusive to staff of RAeS Corporate Partners.

Thursday 19 January 2017 / London Corporate Partner Briefi ng CONTINENTAL CARRIERS AM Richard Garwood CB CBE DFC MA RAF, Director General, Defence Continental House, 76-77 Kapashera, Bijwasan Safety Authority Road, New Delhi, 110037, India E [email protected] Wednesday 8 February 2017 / London W www.continentalgroup.com Delivering ISR Capabilities and Services Worldwide Contact Corporate Partner Briefi ng by Matt Avison, ISR Sales Director, Thales UK Vaibhav Vohra, Managing Director Sponsor: Continental Carriers Pvt Ltd (CCPL) is a supply chain management company which was one Wednesday 22 March 2017 / London of the fi rst Indian IATA approved Forwarders & Corporate Partner Briefi ng Customs Brokers. It has been in business for over Colin Smith CBE HonFRAeS, Chair, Aerospace Growth Partnership (AGP) 60 years, having been established in 1957. Sponsor: The Company is an active member of ALN, FIATA, FFFAI, ACAAI and several Chambers of Commerce in India and abroad. CCPL is an ISO 9001-2008 accredited company and has Wednesday 5 April 2017 / London a network of branches and sales offi ces in all Corporate Partner Briefi ng major cities in the country, and a worldwide Nigel Stein, Chief Executive, GKN plc network of specialised business partners. Over the years, CCPL has been in the forefront of www.aerosociety.com/events many innovations in Civil Aviation in the country. For further information, please contact Gail Ward Continental was awarded the contract for Cargo E [email protected] or T +44 (0)1491 629912 handling of Delhi Airport from 1979-1985 is now the fi rst Indian company to start a Greenfi eld AFS in India with RA3 clearance. THE AIM OF THE AVIATION MANAGEMENT COLLEGE CORPORATE No 1 Jenderam Hilir, Dengkil, PARTNER Selangor, 43700, Malaysia SCHEME IS TO E [email protected] W www.kolej.edu.my BRING TOGETHER Contact ORGANISATIONS Capt Ab Manan Mansor, Chief Executive TO PROMOTE Aviation Management College (AMC) incorporated FTE JEREZ BEST PRACTICE in 2007, conducts home-grown diploma Flight Training Services, SL, Aeropuerto del Jerez programmes in aviation management, bachelor in de la Frontera, Base area la Parra, 11401 Cadiz, WITHIN THE airline and airport and MBA in aviation management, Spain INTERNATIONAL the latter two in collaboration with other universities. W www.ftejerez.com AEROSPACE Licensed by the Ministry of Higher Education, Contact Malaysia, under the Act 555, AMC has produced Oscar Sordo, CEO SECTOR more than 300 graduates who have secured FTEJerez, formerly known as the British jobs both locally and overseas. AMC, located in Aerospace Training College in Prestwick, Metropolitan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, in its own Scotland, has its campus adjacent to the stand-alone campus, is known for its quality Jerez Airport in Southern Spain. The academy education that has propelled its graduates into jobs specialises in integrated airline pilot and ATC in the Middle East, Africa, UK and Singapore. AMC training and count top European and international is poised to grow into university status that will airlines such as BA, Aer Lingus, , Flybe, enhance its ability to conduct more social science, BACF, easyJet, Norwegian, etc as clients. All engineering and TVET programmes, meeting the training is conducted at Jerez with approximately Contact: regional Asia-Pacifi c talent needs. AMC is willing 200 cadets accommodated on campus. Simon Levy to collaborate with other parties in the development Head of Business Development of aviation products and services to increase its E [email protected] students’ research skills. T +44 (0)20 7670 4346

Find us on Twitter i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com DECEMBER 2016 55 Afterburner Elections

FELLOWS Tapojoy Chatterjee Krzysztof Kazmierczak Eric Chu Andrew Kellett SOCIETY OFFICERS Christopher Burwell Kurt Clement Matthew Kennington President: Prof Chris Atkin Simon Harris Daniel Cognolato Nqobile Khani President-Elect: ACM Sir Stephen Dalton David Hurford Ross Colbourne Pax Knight Wayne Morgan Akinwande Cole Kim Kohn BOARD CHAIRMEN Sam Quigley Matthew Collinson John Konnakkottu Philip Robertson Aidan Cookson Thushithev Kumanan Learned Society Chairman: Ian Middleton Richard Simpson Denise Corsel Hirantha Kumarasinghe Membership Services Chairman: Oscar Sordo Nicholas Crisp Ryan Laird Dr Alisdair Wood Nawal Taneja Laura Cruz Garcia James Lamont Abrams Professional Standards Chairman: Nikhil Dakoju Andy Lang Prof Jonathan Cooper COMPANIONS Jonathan Davies Oliver Laslett James De Beauvoir- Ronald Lau DIVISION PRESIDENTS Jeff Cole Tupper Junlong Lee Lalitya Dhavala Kin Lok Lee Australia: John Vincent MEMBERS Roberto Dragonetti Gary Leung New Zealand: John MaciIree Luke Edwards Daniel Llaneza Vazquez Pakistan: AM Salim Arshad David Allerton Paul Ekwere Ada (Cheuk Wai) Lo South African: Dr Glen Snedden Shuyang Guo Valentin Erb Adrian Lorent Anisa Hafeji Nitin Farmah Benjamin Loth Michael Hamilton Edward Farnfi eld Michael Lovering Athol Harrison Nazareno Fazio Adil Loya Ashvin Jugnarain David Firth Donald Lundie WITH REGRET Yong Qiu Ashley Fisher Jiaming Luo The RAeS announces with regret the deaths of the Mark Fishwick David Macmanus following members: Richard Fontana Tristan Maddick ASSOCIATE Roy Allen MEMBERS Oliver Ford Abedalaziz Mady MRAeS 86 Ben Fox Minhal Mahmood Dr Alan James Benson FRAeS 87 Sankar Neil Fraser Dalbir Makh David Capel Affi liate 81 Balasubramanian Jonathan Fuller Kasun Malwenna Samuel Seaton Andrew Gall Divyesh Mandania Alan Geoffrey Foskett CEng MRAeS 88 Luke Gallantree Connor Mason John Alan Fuller CEng MRAeS 89 ASSOCIATES Enrique Garcia Bourne Mohd Zohdi Mat Zali Adam Garner David Maw Royston George Walter Hathaway CEng MRAeS Edmund Acheson James Gee Ysatis Mcculloch 93 Yomi Adegbola Avi Ginsburg Liam Mcmanus Madeleine Alexander Ian Gordon Ketan Mehta Gordon G Jefferson CEng MRAeS 92 Thomas Andreou Steven Gordon Evan Meyrick John Sutcliffe Jones CEng MRAeS 90 Dogus Aripinar Nathan Gosney Achal Mittal Michael Atkins Daniel Herrity Alistair Montgomery David James Pomfret CEng MRAeS 49 Ahmad Afi q Azman Marion Hiriart Chandrew Motee Dr Jane Risdall FRAeS 56 James Bairstow Laura Hoang Kudzai Mutasa Professor Alan Simpson Alexander Barker Johannes Hoenigl- Didunoluwa Obilanade FREng CEng FRAeS 81 Josselin Bequet Decrinis Milan Odedra Dr Franklyn David Trevarthen FRAeS 79 Gonçal Berastegui Alex Horlock Michael Ogbeta Joseph Charles Wordsworth CEng MRAeS 90 Mathew Bestelink Matthew Humphrey Simon O’Hara Michael Billington Ryan Humphreys Mudiaga Otubu Simon Booth Sebastian Hunter Richard Painter Alexandru Botu Mutaz Ibrahim Hiten Parmar Francesco Ragazzo Jens Rucker Simon Bridges Radu Irimia Rybeka Parsons Jose Ramirez Cuevas Sean Rutter Matthew Brookes Chinedu Iwundu Nheel Rashesh Patel Dhan Rana Daniel Sackey Norma Brunetto Vikram Jadeja Yusuf Patel Dinindu Ranatunga Ajmal Salam Simone Bursich Tomasz Janiga Anson Pearson Ravindu Ranaweera Gervasio Salerno Asad Buttar Roshen Jaswantlal Stanton Pereira Alistair Redman Morgan Saminathan Amy Caddick Carl Lorenzo Jenkins Petros Petrides Lily Reif Mohit Sangwan Deleratne Mudalige Edward Jinks Jamie Pettingill Gareth Roberts Karys Saunders Caldera Charles Jones Pakawat Piriyapol Gregory Roberts Robert Sawford Jonathan Cameron Michael Jones Robert Powell Benjamin Rodgers Ekrem Selamet Dann Cascano Christopher Josifovski Usman Qazi Álvaro Rojas Zamora Jeevana Senarathne Manousos Chairetis Karpaga Kannan Md Risalat Rabbani Robert Ross Shivprasad Shivprasad

56 AEROSPACE / DECEMBER 2016 Nishma Shrestha Olle Van Zweden E-ASSOCIATES Torbjoern Cunis Jack Richardson Adam Simpson Sindhura Vijayaragavan Matthew Davidson Matan Shahak Natalie Simpson Mahendran Joseph Britton Aengus Drennan Alexandra Shaw Gowrishanker Sivabala Viswalingam George Cann Simon Eddings Glenn Smith James Skinner Pramod Vithanage Natalie Dobson Guillermo Fernandez- Joseph Underwood Christopher Slattery Vasilije Vladisavljevic Michael Donnelly Cerezo Philip Warren James Smith Natasha Vracas Samuel Gervais Lara Flanagan Ethan Wesley Jose Soler Ribes Anthony Wanjala Vikram Jadeja Bethan Girling Adam White Charles Stotler Michael Weisz Ilias Konstantinou Alexander King Richard Wittels Emily Swinburne Oliver Westbrook- Peter Macleod Wo Kit Lam Hau Kit Yong Gloria Taiwo Netherton Krishnamurthy Andrew Lawrie Marko Zakarija Loo Tan Siena Whiteside Ravichandar Andrew Lloyd Bernard Tashie-Lewis Sebastian Wiinblad- Andrew Salmon Christopher Lock STUDENT AFFILIATES Graeme Taylor Rasmussen Adam Simpson Michael Lowe Lawrence Thain Charith Johanne Raam Bharadwaajj James Macaulay Callum Mcbryde Kris Thomson Wijesinghe Suresh Sudeep Maden Michael Mcintosh Adrian Thomson Hayes Matthew Wilson Cornell Williams Rafael Martinez Baran Sahan Matthew Titman Hon Hoe Wong Callum Mcbryde Iat Tong Michal Wrzachal AFFILIATES Michael Mcintosh Paul Trouton Raybin Yu Gourab Mohanty Edward Turner Jie Yuan Andil Aboubakari David Owusu-Nyame Kieran Turner Jiacheng Zeng Garry Bower James Pemberton Ikeya Uria Quintana Ngai Cheuk Yu Alexander Place

Date for News of members your diary

6 December — Wilbur and Orville Wright Lecture: On a recent visit to BAE Systems Military Air & Growing the Future Information at Warton, RAeS President, Prof Chris RAF. ACM Sir Atkin, far right, had the opportunity to present a Stephen Hillier, CAS Fellowship certifi cate to Martin Taylor, MD, Combat Air, BAE Systems.

PROFESSOR ALAN SIMPSON

DipTech PhD DSc AFIMA CEng FRAeS FREng and abroad. He served on several committees of the 1935-2016 UK’s Aeronautical Research Council, chairing the Loads and Dynamics Sub-committee. Alan Simpson was born in Wolverhampton and left In 1986, Alan was nominated a Fellow of the school at 15 to start an apprenticeship at Villiers. Royal Academy of Engineering, and in 1989 he After National Service he continued his academic started a three-year consultancy with the Royal study at Wolverhampton College of Technology Aircraft Establishment, undertaking research into where he was awarded a DipTech(Eng) with fi rst modelling of helicopter rotor dynamics. class honours. This enabled him to enter The Alan Simpson leaves a legacy of successful University of Bristol at postgraduate level in 1960 research, with many mysteries of the interactions and, in 1963, Alan was awarded a PhD for his thesis of solids and fl uids unveiled through rigorous A fuller obituary for Alan titled ‘Oscillations of Catenaries and Systems of mathematical modelling, and countless students may be found on the Overhead Transmission Lines’. who have been guided through the minefi elds of Society’s website at: Alan was then appointed Lecturer in mechanics by his deep insights. aerosociety.com/News/ Aeronautical Engineering at Bristol, Reader in Above all, Alan Simpson was a man who Society-News/ 1971 and to a Personal Chair in Aeroelasticity in enjoyed spending time with his family, his wife 1985. In 1973 he was awarded the DSc degree Sheila, his two children and four granddaughters. for contributions to engineering and industrial He died peacefully in Somerset on Wednesday dynamics. For the rest of his working life Alan 12 October and will be missed, greatly, by family, produced a prolifi c amount of aeronautical research, friends, colleagues and former students alike. working with universities and industries in the UK Gareth Davies Padfi eld FREng FRAeS

Find us on Twitter i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com DECEMBER 2016 57 The Last Word

COMMENTARY FROM Professor Keith Hayward FRAeS

London’s runways - into the fi nal act

A last word on runways in the South East? In my of State. That might then trigger a judicial review. dreams I suspect. The government has announced Appeals either way can be expected; so 2029 looks its ‘decision’ on the location of a new London a pretty good bet for fi rst fl ight. runway; that seems so much less spectacular than The biggest hurdle is likely to be air quality. revealing plans for a splendid new 21st century Noise might also be a problem, certainly on airport. This would be somewhere to the north of approach where frequency and aerodynamic noise London, linked directly to major population centres will affect more people. Air quality is trickier given by fast rail and a less congested road network – of the proximity of two motorways and the inevitability course, Cublington, the fi rst proposal nearly 50 of increased road traffi c into Heathrow. This could years ago. We can still dismiss out of hand the more yet be the legal showstopper. Air quality levels easterly master plans: too many wild birds to shift already exceed European regulations – and Brexit and not best placed for a UK hub. Sorry Gatwick, or not Brexit, I can’t see politicians agreeing to less good fi ght and still worth some investment in its restrictive levels. Mitigation via congestion charging own right. might help; better (and cheaper) public transport I might also agree for once with Michael O’Leary links would be even better. Even with the proposed that all three London region airports have a strong Crossrail spur the detailed connections into and case for expansion – assuming post Brexit air traffi c within Central London are not ideal, especially from growth rates do maintain the current projections. I’m Euston. not so sure that his view that market forces could determine charge levels. Indeed, I still tend to refl ect The right choice in the end an older generation of left-wing thinking that large- scale national infrastructure development needs Enough of damning with faint praise: the new some degree of co-ordinated central direction. Heathrow will have to deliver its promised Private capitalisation per se is no problem and to extension on time and on cost. There is a good be welcomed but, to my statist mentality, it would track record here. The airlines (and this really seem more rational to operate London airports as means the UK-based carriers) will need to increase an integrated entity. feeder fl ights to the nations and English regions. This should follow naturally given the availability Not the ideal choice in the best of all of an extra runway. The UK will need those new possible worlds but … long haul fl ights to new destinations, and not just more slots for existing high-revenue services. The But living with what we have, making a silk purse challenge of avoiding too much M25 disruption out of the higgledy piggledy development just off will be interesting – former Harrier pilots may be the M4 is what we have and must live with. If it especially valued if the runway is ramped over the is the best of a poor set of solutions, it has been motorway. clear as such for years. Of course, there will be Overall, the economic case for Heathrow just THE BIGGEST legal challenges to come. A judicial review will have about carries the day, with all due respect to the HURDLE IS to be launched before the next round of planning folks affected by demolition and loss of community. LIKELY TO BE AIR consultations, or after the House of Commons I will not use the rhetoric of demonstrating that vote this time next year. That at least should be a the UK is ‘open for business’ – good international QUALITY. NOISE formality – a majority of MPs will vote for better MIGHT ALSO BE A connectivity is vital in any case and building on the connectivity with the national hub airport, a ring- Heathrow hub remains the best national option. So PROBLEM. fenced commitment we are told by the Secretary fair thee well the former Fairey airfi eld.

58 AEROSPACE / DECEMBER 2016 Wilbur and Orville Wright RAeS Merchandise Named Lecture and 2016 RAeS Honours

GROWING THE FUTURE RAF 2016 CHRISTMAS CARDS

ACM SIR STEPHEN HILLIER KCB CBE DFC ADC MA FRAeS RAF CHIEF OF THE AIR STAFF, ROYAL AIR FORCE BUY YOUR SOCIETY CHRISTMAS CARDS NOW

LONDON / 6 DECEMBER 2016 FOUR DESIGNS AVAILABLE

The RAF is busier than ever on operations around the world and New for 2016 - Christmas at the same time it is planned Tree Design (right) to increase significantly its front-line capability as a result of - Spitfire the SDSR in 2015. Against this backdrop, the Chief of the Air - Red Plane Staff will discuss the challenges, risks and opportunities which he - Plane over lake faces in growing the future RAF. All cards are available for £6 Prior to the lecture, the RAeS for a pack of 10. 2016 Honours will be presented.

www.aerosociety.com/WOW2016 www.amazon.co.uk - Search Royal Aeronautical Society

Supported by Alternatively, email us at [email protected] or call us on +44(0)20 7670 4345

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BREXIT AND THE LEGAL IMPLICATIONS FOR AEROSPACE, SDSR - ONE YEAR ON AVIATION AND SPACE LONDON / 05 DECEMBER 2016 AIR LAW SEMINAR This half-day seminar aims LONDON / 26 JANUARY 2017 to further understand how SDSR15 will change the This Air Law Group Seminar face of the UK’s Air Force. will explore the risks, costs and opportunties for the - How will this new aviation industry that arise government and the from this monumental Brexit vote effect the plans change of political direction outlined in SDSR 2015? for the UK. - What has been achieved so far?

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