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INSECTA MUNDI A Journal of World Insect Systematics 0542 Bruchidae of Chile (Insecta: Coleoptera) John M. Kingsolver (deceased) Florida State Collection of Arthropods Gainesville, FL, USA Juan E. Barriga Tuñón Universidad Católica de Maule P.O. Box 139 Curicó, Chile Jesús Romero Nápoles Colegio de Postgraduados Instituto de Fitosanidad-Entomologia y Acarologia Montecillo, Estado de Mexico, Mexico. Michael C. Thomas Florida State Collection of Arthropods Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services P.O. Box 147100 Gainesville, FL 32614-7100 USA Date of Issue: April 28, 2017 CENTER FOR SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY, INC., Gainesville, FL John M. Kingsolver (deceased), Juan E. Barriga Tuñón, Jesús Romero Nápoles, and Michael C. Thomas Bruchidae of Chile (Insecta: Coleoptera) Insecta Mundi 0542: 1-106 ZooBank Registered: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:B08D1E26-0F3B-46B8-855E-4C99F39D0D10 Published in 2017 by Center for Systematic Entomology, Inc. P. O. Box 141874 Gainesville, FL 32614-1874 USA http://www.centerforsystematicentomology.org/ Insecta Mundi is a journal primarily devoted to insect systematics, but articles can be published on any non- marine arthropod. Topics considered for publication include systematics, taxonomy, nomenclature, checklists, faunal works, and natural history. Insecta Mundi will not consider works in the applied sciences (i.e. medical entomology, pest control research, etc.), and no longer publishes book reviews or editorials. Insecta Mundi pub- lishes original research or discoveries in an inexpensive and timely manner, distributing them free via open access on the internet on the date of publication. Insecta Mundi is referenced or abstracted by several sources including the Zoological Record, CAB Abstracts, etc. Insecta Mundi is published irregularly throughout the year, with completed manuscripts assigned an indi- vidual number. Manuscripts must be peer reviewed prior to submission, after which they are reviewed by the editorial board to ensure quality. One author of each submitted manuscript must be a current member of the Center for Systematic Entomology. Manuscript preparation guidelines are availablr at the CSE website. Chief Editor: David Plotkin, e-mail: [email protected] Assistant Editor: Paul E. Skelley, e-mail: [email protected] Head Layout Editor: Eugenio H. Nearns Editorial Board: J. H. Frank, M. J. Paulsen, Michael C. Thomas Review Editors: Listed on the Insecta Mundi webpage Manuscript Preparation Guidelines and Submission Requirements available on the Insecta Mundi web- page at: http://centerforsystematicentomology.org/insectamundi/ Printed copies (ISSN 0749-6737) annually deposited in libraries: CSIRO, Canberra, ACT, Australia Museu de Zoologia, São Paulo, Brazil Agriculture and Agrifood Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada The Natural History Museum, London, Great Britain Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii PAN, Warsaw, Poland National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Gainesville, FL, USA Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia Electronic copies (On-Line ISSN 1942-1354, CDROM ISSN 1942-1362) in PDF format: Printed CD or DVD mailed to all members at end of year. Archived digitally by Portico. Florida Virtual Campus: http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/insectamundi University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Digital Commons: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi/ Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hebis:30:3-135240 Copyright held by the author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons, Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduc- tion in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc/3.0/ Layout Editor for this article: Michael C. Thomas 0542: 1-106 2017 Bruchidae of Chile (Insecta: Coleoptera) John M. Kingsolver (deceased) Florida State Collection of Arthropods Gainesville, FL, USA Juan E. Barriga Tuñón Universidad Católica de Maule P.O. Box 139 Curicó, Chile Jesús Romero Nápoles Colegio de Postgraduados Instituto de Fitosanidad-Entomologia y Acarologia Montecillo, Estado de Mexico, Mexico. Corresponding author: [email protected] Michael C. Thomas Florida State Collection of Arthropods Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services P.O. Box 147100 Gainesville, FL 32614-7100 USA Abstract. Species descriptions, keys to genera and species, and geographical distributions are presented for 43 species of the family Bruchidae (Coleoptera: Chrysomeloidea) for Chile. Of these species, seven are described as new: Acanthoscelides aricae sp. nov., Lithraeus chillan sp. nov., L. comptus sp. nov., L. elguetai sp. nov., L. limari sp. nov., L. lonquimay sp. nov., and L. penai sp. nov. Eight species are endemic to Chile. A list of true host plants and floral records for those with known host associations is presented. Habitus photographs and drawings of pertinent body parts, including male genitalia, are provided. References pertaining to the previously described species are listed. Key Words. Seed beetles, taxonomy, host plants, new species. Introduction Bruchidae is a relatively small family of beetles containing about 102 genera and 1300 species. It belongs in a group of Coleoptera that includes Cerambycidae, Chrysomelidae, Curculionidae sensu lato, Anthribidae, and Scolytidae (the latter now included with the Curculionidae). Members of all of these families are associated with plants both as larvae and as adults. Bruchids are characterized by a configu- ration of five-segmented tarsi with the fourth segment small and nearly hidden in an emargination of the third segment. Contemporary coleopterists generally agree that the Bruchidae are closely related to the Chrysomelidae (leaf beetles) and represent a seed-feeding phyletic branch within the Chrysomeloidea with highly developed characteristics for a spermatophagous mode of life. Some argue that these charac- teristics qualify it for a full family status, as it has been classified for 150 years, whereas others claim that, because the taxon is closely related to the Chrysomelidae, their morphology and habits should place them only as a subfamily of that group. However, bruchids oviposit exclusively on seeds, or seed envelopes, suitable for larval development, their feeding in and pupating entirely within the seed, their use of the feeding cavity for a pupal chamber, and their habit of partly cutting an escape window in the seed wall to permit adult emergence, all point to a mode of life unlike the leaf-feeding Chrysomelidae. Furthermore, the newly hatched (neonate) larva possesses a dorsal thoracic plate that is used by the larva to escape from the egg (Yus Ramos 2009). The common name “seed beetles” is appropriate because the immature life stages are intimately associated with seeds. Eggs are glued to the surface of seeds, or seed envelopes (pods in most instances), and the neonate larvae bore into the seed and complete their development by excavating the cotyledon. Before pupating, the larvae, from inside the seed, cut a circu- 1 2 • INSECTA MUNDI 0542, April 2017 KINGSOLVER ET AL. lar patch in the seed integument, after which the larvae re-enter the feeding cavity and complete the pupal stage. Following eclosion, adults emerge from the seed by pushing through the partly cut patch. Mating occurs outside the seed. Because bruchid immature forms are easily transported in international trade, some species have become economically important because they infest seeds stored for human or domestic animal con- sumption. Six such species are recorded for Chile: Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say), the common bean weevil; Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boheman), the Mexican bean weevil; Bruchus pisorum (Linnaeus), the pea weevil; Bruchus rufimanus Boheman, the broadbean weevil; Callosobruchus chinensis (Linnaeus), the Chinese bean weevil; and Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius), the cowpea weevil. All six have a wide distribution due to human activities. The first two apparently originated in the New World, but the other four are Old World in origin. However, other species can be used as biological control of weeds, e.g. Megacerus Fahraeus on Convolvulaceae or Acanthoscelides macrophthalmus (Schaeffer) on Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit in Australia. Most species of bruchids, although of scientific interest, are of no particular economic interest, but in general can be considered as biological control agents for plant populations. Chile is a long narrow republic, extending over 3,000 miles, and covering a variety of habitats, ranging from desert habitats in the north near the Peruvian border, to glaciers to the south, as well as the Andes Mountain range forming most of the eastern border and Pacific coastline on the western border. These conditions should bring about a certain amount of endemism in the fauna. Of the 43 species treated in this report, eight (16.6%) are known only from Chile. Further collecting will undoubt- edly increase the number of species with the emphasis on furthering the knowledge of the Chilean fauna by the second author and the present paper. The purpose of this paper is to bring together what is known about the Bruchidae of Chile, including keys to
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  • The Vespinae of North America (Vespidae, Hymenoptera) 37 Doi: 10.3897/JHR.28.3514 Research Article

    The Vespinae of North America (Vespidae, Hymenoptera) 37 Doi: 10.3897/JHR.28.3514 Research Article

    JHR 28: 37–65 (2012) The Vespinae of North America (Vespidae, Hymenoptera) 37 doi: 10.3897/JHR.28.3514 RESEARCH ARTICLE www.pensoft.net/journals/jhr The Vespinae of North America (Vespidae, Hymenoptera) Lynn S. Kimsey1, James M. Carpenter2 1 Bohart Museum of Entomology, University of California, Davis, California 95616 2 American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York 10024 Corresponding author: Lynn S. Kimsey ([email protected]) Academic editor: Wojciech Pulawski | Received 12 June 2012 | Accepted 30 July 2012 | Published 24 August 2012 Citation: Kimsey LS, Carpenter JM (2012) The Vespinae of North America (Vespidae, Hymenoptera). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 28: 37–65. doi: 10.3897/JHR.28.3514 Abstract The species of paper wasps in the tribe Vespini, family Vespidae from America North of Mexico are re- viewed, including a new identification key to the genera and species, complete synonymy, distribution and biology. This fauna includes six species ofDolichovespula Rohwer, three species of Vespa Linnaeus and 13 species of Vespula Thomson. No Holarctic species are recognized, with the result that Dolichovespula arc- tica (Rohwer) and Vespula intermedia (du Buysson) are again recognized as species, while Vespula infernalis (de Saussure) is given new status as a species. Keywords Vespa, Dolichovespula, Vespula Introduction Vespinae, or the yellow jackets and hornets, are among the most recognizable wasps in North America. All of the species are either social or are social parasites of other congeners. They construct their nests out of a mixture of plant fibers and salivary secre- tions, and the nests can range from baseball-sized, with a few thousand cells, to nests with hundreds of thousands of cells.
  • Proceedings of the United States National Museum

    Proceedings of the United States National Museum

    CONTRIBUTION TO A MONOGRAPH OF THE INSECTS OF THE ORDER THYSANOPTERA INHABITING NORTH AMERICA. By Warren Elmer Hinds, Of the Massachusetts Agricultural College. INTRODUCTION. Very little attention has been given to the Thysanoptera of North America. So far as I can learn, descriptions or names of only twenty- three species have thus far (June, 1902) been published, besides three which have been recognized as previously descril)ed from Europe. Of the twenty-six species thus known in this country, four at least are certainly unrecognizable (Z;;y.r>^^y^>s' ^f/vY/c/ Packard, rhla'othrips mali Fitch, P. caryai Fitch, 7y//v> phylloxera Riley). Of the remaining twenty-two, six have been found identical with previously described species and therefore become synonyms—the large number is not surprising as many of the early descriptions are entirelv too brief to insure positive identification. Therefore only sixteen "species have hitherto been known to occur in this country. We may say that almost no systematic work has been done on the order ii/the United States, and, with the exception of a study of the '^Thripidse of Iowa," by Miss Alice M. Beach, most of the descriptions are scattered through different publications. I have endeavored to collect and present here such important facts as have already been published relating to members of this order, together with' the observations which I have been able to make. An attempt has ])een made to place the work upon a systematic basis, and in order to make the descrip- tions uniform, and thus comparative, all the existing types that it has been possible for me to see have been examined and redescribed.