INSECTA MUNDI A Journal of World Insect Systematics 0542 Bruchidae of Chile (Insecta: Coleoptera) John M. Kingsolver (deceased) Florida State Collection of Arthropods Gainesville, FL, USA Juan E. Barriga Tuñón Universidad Católica de Maule P.O. Box 139 Curicó, Chile Jesús Romero Nápoles Colegio de Postgraduados Instituto de Fitosanidad-Entomologia y Acarologia Montecillo, Estado de Mexico, Mexico. Michael C. Thomas Florida State Collection of Arthropods Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services P.O. Box 147100 Gainesville, FL 32614-7100 USA Date of Issue: April 28, 2017 CENTER FOR SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY, INC., Gainesville, FL John M. Kingsolver (deceased), Juan E. Barriga Tuñón, Jesús Romero Nápoles, and Michael C. Thomas Bruchidae of Chile (Insecta: Coleoptera) Insecta Mundi 0542: 1-106 ZooBank Registered: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:B08D1E26-0F3B-46B8-855E-4C99F39D0D10 Published in 2017 by Center for Systematic Entomology, Inc. P. O. 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Box 139 Curicó, Chile Jesús Romero Nápoles Colegio de Postgraduados Instituto de Fitosanidad-Entomologia y Acarologia Montecillo, Estado de Mexico, Mexico. Corresponding author: [email protected] Michael C. Thomas Florida State Collection of Arthropods Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services P.O. Box 147100 Gainesville, FL 32614-7100 USA Abstract. Species descriptions, keys to genera and species, and geographical distributions are presented for 43 species of the family Bruchidae (Coleoptera: Chrysomeloidea) for Chile. Of these species, seven are described as new: Acanthoscelides aricae sp. nov., Lithraeus chillan sp. nov., L. comptus sp. nov., L. elguetai sp. nov., L. limari sp. nov., L. lonquimay sp. nov., and L. penai sp. nov. Eight species are endemic to Chile. A list of true host plants and floral records for those with known host associations is presented. Habitus photographs and drawings of pertinent body parts, including male genitalia, are provided. References pertaining to the previously described species are listed. Key Words. Seed beetles, taxonomy, host plants, new species. Introduction Bruchidae is a relatively small family of beetles containing about 102 genera and 1300 species. It belongs in a group of Coleoptera that includes Cerambycidae, Chrysomelidae, Curculionidae sensu lato, Anthribidae, and Scolytidae (the latter now included with the Curculionidae). Members of all of these families are associated with plants both as larvae and as adults. Bruchids are characterized by a configu- ration of five-segmented tarsi with the fourth segment small and nearly hidden in an emargination of the third segment. Contemporary coleopterists generally agree that the Bruchidae are closely related to the Chrysomelidae (leaf beetles) and represent a seed-feeding phyletic branch within the Chrysomeloidea with highly developed characteristics for a spermatophagous mode of life. Some argue that these charac- teristics qualify it for a full family status, as it has been classified for 150 years, whereas others claim that, because the taxon is closely related to the Chrysomelidae, their morphology and habits should place them only as a subfamily of that group. However, bruchids oviposit exclusively on seeds, or seed envelopes, suitable for larval development, their feeding in and pupating entirely within the seed, their use of the feeding cavity for a pupal chamber, and their habit of partly cutting an escape window in the seed wall to permit adult emergence, all point to a mode of life unlike the leaf-feeding Chrysomelidae. Furthermore, the newly hatched (neonate) larva possesses a dorsal thoracic plate that is used by the larva to escape from the egg (Yus Ramos 2009). The common name “seed beetles” is appropriate because the immature life stages are intimately associated with seeds. Eggs are glued to the surface of seeds, or seed envelopes (pods in most instances), and the neonate larvae bore into the seed and complete their development by excavating the cotyledon. Before pupating, the larvae, from inside the seed, cut a circu- 1 2 • INSECTA MUNDI 0542, April 2017 KINGSOLVER ET AL. lar patch in the seed integument, after which the larvae re-enter the feeding cavity and complete the pupal stage. Following eclosion, adults emerge from the seed by pushing through the partly cut patch. Mating occurs outside the seed. Because bruchid immature forms are easily transported in international trade, some species have become economically important because they infest seeds stored for human or domestic animal con- sumption. Six such species are recorded for Chile: Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say), the common bean weevil; Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boheman), the Mexican bean weevil; Bruchus pisorum (Linnaeus), the pea weevil; Bruchus rufimanus Boheman, the broadbean weevil; Callosobruchus chinensis (Linnaeus), the Chinese bean weevil; and Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius), the cowpea weevil. All six have a wide distribution due to human activities. The first two apparently originated in the New World, but the other four are Old World in origin. However, other species can be used as biological control of weeds, e.g. Megacerus Fahraeus on Convolvulaceae or Acanthoscelides macrophthalmus (Schaeffer) on Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit in Australia. Most species of bruchids, although of scientific interest, are of no particular economic interest, but in general can be considered as biological control agents for plant populations. Chile is a long narrow republic, extending over 3,000 miles, and covering a variety of habitats, ranging from desert habitats in the north near the Peruvian border, to glaciers to the south, as well as the Andes Mountain range forming most of the eastern border and Pacific coastline on the western border. These conditions should bring about a certain amount of endemism in the fauna. Of the 43 species treated in this report, eight (16.6%) are known only from Chile. Further collecting will undoubt- edly increase the number of species with the emphasis on furthering the knowledge of the Chilean fauna by the second author and the present paper. The purpose of this paper is to bring together what is known about the Bruchidae of Chile, including keys to