Biografie W.E.B. Du Bois 23.2.1868

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Biografie W.E.B. Du Bois 23.2.1868 http://agso.uni-graz.at/lexikon Biografie W.E.B. Du Bois i.e. William Edward Burghardt Du Bois *Great Barrington, Massachusetts 23. Februar 1868 †Accra, Ghana 27. August 1963 US-amerikanisch-ghanesischer Politiker, Schriftsteller, Wirtschaftswissenschaftler und Soziologe, Pionier der afroamerikanischen Bürgerrechtsbewegung Vater: Alfred Du Bois Mutter: Mary Silvina Du Bois, geborene Burghardt (?-1885) Geschwister: Adelbert Du Bois (Halbbruder) 1. Ehe: 1896 Nina Gomer (?-1950) Kinder: Burghardt Du Bois (starb als Kind); Nina Yolande Du Bois (1900-?) 2. Ehe: 1951 Shirley Graham (1906-1977), Schriftstellerin Kinder: keine Religion: protestantisch (kongregationalistisch) 23.2.1868 Geboren in Great Barrington, Massachusetts als Angehöriger der afroamerikanischen Bevölkerung (Kreole). Wuchs bei seiner Mutter auf, nachdem sein Vater nach der Geburt seines Sohnes seine Ehefrau verlassen hatte. 1880-1884 Besuch der Great Barrington Highschool. Daneben als Journalist tätig. 1885-1888 Lebte in Nashville, Tennesee. 1885-1888 Studium an der Fisk University in Nashville, Tennesee, einem College nur für Afroamerikaner; 1888 B.A. Im Sommer als Lehrer an Landschulen tätig. 1887-1888 Chief Editor des „Fisk Herald“ (Nashville, Tenn.). 1888-1892 Studium der Geschichte an der Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts; 1890 B.A. cum laude, 1892 M.A. (History). 1892-1894 Zweijähriges Studium (Slater Fund Fellowship for Graduate Study Abroad) an der Universität Berlin. 1894-1896 Professor of Greek and Latin am Wilberforce College in Wilberforce, Ohio. 1895 Als erster Afroamerikaner Ph.D. (History) an der Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts; Dissertation: The suppression of the African slave-trade to the United States of America. 1896-1897 Assistant Instructor in Sociology an der University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Projekt über Afroamerikaner in Philadelphia, veröffentlicht als „The Philadelphia Negroe <Link: Bibliografie, Titel von 1899>“. 1897-1910 Lebte in Atlanta, Georgia. 1897-1910 Professor of Economics and History an der Atlanta University in Atlanta, Georgia. 1898-1914 Herausgeber der Verhandlungen der „(Annual) Conference for the Study of Negro Problems” der Atlanta University (Atlanta University publications), seit 1910 gemeinsam mit Augustus Granville Dill <Link: http://docsouth.unc.edu/church/morals/bio.html> (1881- 1956). In diesen Jahren zunehmende Kritik am afroamerikanischen Führer Booker T(aliaferro) Washington <Link: http://docsouth.unc.edu/washington/about.html> (1856-1915). Neben der Forschung extensive journalistische Tätigkeit. 1900 Secretary der First Pan-African Conference in London. 1905-1910 1905 Mitbegründer des „Niagara Movement <Link: http://search.eb.com/blackhistory/micro/423/99.html>“, einer Bürgerrechtsbewegung http://agso.uni-graz.at/lexikon für Afroamerikaner. Trotz der dreißig Ortsgruppen, die in den folgenden Jahren gebildet werden konnten, blieb die Bewegung vor allem finanziell bedingt schwach. 1906-1908 Abhaltung von Jahreskongressen. 1910-1934 Lebte in New York, N.Y. 1909-1934 Nach den Rassenunruhen von 1908 in Springfield, Illinois formierte sich der Kern des „Niagara Movement“ 1909 zu einer neuen Organisation, zur „National Association for the Advancement of Colored People <Link: http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/society/A0834933.html>” (NAACP), der 1910 dem „Niagara Movement“ beitrat. Du Bois war Mitbegründer der Organisation, November 1910 bis Juli 1934 Editor (Herausgeber) deren Monatszeitschrift „The Crisis <Link: http://www.thecrisismagazine.com/>” (New York, N.Y.) und 1910-1934 Director of Publicity and Research und Mitglied des Board of Directors. 1934 Bruch mit der NAACP, als sie ihn unter anderem als Herausgeber der „Crisis“ zensurieren wollte. 1911 Mitorganisator des First Universal Races Congress in London. 1911-1912 Mitglied der US-amerikanischen „Socialist Party“. 1912 Mitorganisator der ersten großen afroamerikanischen Abspaltung von der Republikanischen Partei. 1918 Kampf gegen die Misshandlung von Afroamerikanern in der Armee, welcher unter anderem Afroamerikanern die Offizierslaufbahn ermöglichte. Anführer der großen Silent Protest Parade in New York City gegen Lynchjustiz und Jim-Crow (rassendiskriminierende Gesetze, vor allem in den US-Südstaaten). 1919 Mitorganisator des First Annual Pan-African Congress in Paris; organisierte auch die späteren Kongresse 1921 (Chair), 1923 und 1945 mit. 1920-1921 Im Jänner 1920 Mitbegründer und bis Dezember 1921 Herausgeber der Monatsschrift für afroamerikanische Kinder „The Brownies’ Book <Link: http://www.givens.org/curriculum_detail.asp?CurriculumID=102>“ (New York, N.Y.). In den 1920er-Jahren Reisen nach Afrika und 1926 in die Sowjetunion. 1927 Mit Alain Locke <Link: http://nlu.nl.edu/ace/Resources/Locke.html> (1885-1954) Anführer der Harlem Resistance. Gründer des ersten afroamerikanischen Theaters in Harlem. 1930-1933 Organisator von Genossenschaften in afroamerikanischen Gemeinden. 1933-1945 Editor-in-Chief der „Encyclopedia of the Negro“. 1934-1962 Lebte in Atlanta, Georgia. 1934-1944 Full Professor of Sociology an der Atlanta University in Atlanta; Chairman des Department of Sociology. 1944 zur Entlassung gezwungen, unter anderem wegen der von ihm gegründeten und herausgegebenen Vierteljahrsschrift „Phylon“ (Atlanta, Ga.), 1940- 1948 (erschien bis 1956). 1943 Organisator der Conference of Negro Land-Grant Colleges. 1944-1948 Wiedereintritt in die „National Association for the Advancement of Colored People” (NAACP), wirkte hier als Director of Publicity and Research. Bei den Wahlen von 1948 unterstützte er gegen die Linie der NAACP den Präsidentschaftskandidaten der „Progressive Party“ und trat neuerlich aus der Organisation aus. 1945 Mit Mary McLeod Bethune <Link: http://www.nahc.org/NAHC/Val/Columns/SC10-6.html> (1875-1955) und Walter White <Link: http://www.hometoharlem.com/Harlem/hthcult.nsf/notables/walterfranciswhite> (1893-1955) als Vertreter der „National Association for the Advancement of Colored People” Berater der US-Delegation bei der Gründung der „Vereinten Nationen”. 1948-1954 Mit Paul Robeson <Link: http://www.rutgers.edu/robeson/main.html> (1898-1976) Chairman des „Council on African Affairs“. 1949 Mitorganisator der International Cultural and Scientific Conference for World Peace („Waldorf Conference”). Teilnahme am World Peace Congress in Paris und am Internationalen Friedenskongress in Moskau. 1950 Chairman des „Peace Information Center”; Mitorganisator der nationalen Bewegung zur Ächtung und Abschaffung von Atomwaffen. 8.11.1951 Anklage wegen subversiver Aktivitäten vor einem Gericht in Washington, aber http://agso.uni-graz.at/lexikon freigesprochen; sein Reisepass wurde jedoch bis 1958 einbehalten. 1958-1962 Zahlreiche Reisen nach Europa, in die Sowjetunion und nach China. 1.5.1959 Internationaler Lenin-Friedenspreis der Sowjetunion. 1961 Im November 1961 Beitritt zur „Communist Party of the United States of America <Link: http://www.cpusa.org/>“. 1962 Übersiedlung auf Einladung des ghanesischen Präsidenten Kwame Nkrumah (1909-1972) nach Ghana; 1963 Annahme der ghanesischen Staatsbürgerschaft. 1962-1963 Director der „Encyclopedia Africana“ in Accra, wo damals Norbert Elias (1897-1990) an der Universität lehrte. 27.8.1963 Gestorben in Accra. Erhielt ein Staatsbegräbnis. Reinhard Müller Stand: März 2002 http://agso.uni-graz.at/lexikon Bibliografie W.E.B. Du Bois i.e. William Edward Burghardt Du Bois *Great Barrington, Massachusetts 23. Februar 1868 †Accra, Ghana 27. August 1963 US-amerikanisch-ghanesischer Politiker, Schriftsteller, Wirtschaftswissenschaftler und Soziologe, Pionier der afroamerikanischen Bürgerrechtsbewegung Bücher und Herausgeberschaften · (Herausgeber) Fisk Herald (Nashville, Tenn.), 1887-1888. · The suppression of the African slave-trade to the United States of America, 1638-1870. New York, N.Y. / Cambridge, Mass. / London: Longmans, Green and Company / Harvard University Press / Humphrey Milford, Oxford University Press 1896 (= Harvard historical studies. 1.), xi, 335 S. Zugleich Philosophische Dissertation Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 1895. · The conservation of races. Washington, D.C.: American Negro Academy 1897 (= American Negro Academy Occasional papers. 2.), 15 S. · The study of the Negro problems. (A paper submitted to the American Academy of Political and Social Science together with a report of the discussion of this subject at the forty-fourth scientific session of the academy.) Philadelphia, Pa.: American Academy of Political and Social Science 1898 (= Publications of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 219.), 29 S. · (Herausgeber) Some efforts of Negro Americans for their own social betterment. Report of an investigation under the direction of Atlanta University; together with the proceedings of the third Conference for the Study of the Negro Problem, held at Atlanta University, May 25th-26th, 1898. Edited by W.E. Burghardt Du Bois. Atlanta, Ga.: Atlanta University Press 1898 (= Atlanta University publications. 3.), 64 S. · The Philadelphia Negro. A social study. Together with a special report on domestic service by Isabel Eaton. Philadelphia, Pa.: Published for the University 1899 (= Publications of the University of Pennsylvania. Series in political economy and public law. 14.), xx, 520 S. · (Herausgeber) The Negro in business. Report of a social study made under the direction of Atlanta University, together with the proceedings of the fourth Conference for the Study of the Negro Problems, held at Atlanta University, May
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