DOCSLIB.ORG

W. E. B. Du Bois — a Chronology —

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
W. E. B. Du Bois — a Chronology — W. E. DuBois B. W. Courtesy of Special Collections and University Archives, University of Massachusetts Amherst Libraries. W. E. B. Du Bois — A Chronology — 1868 Born, February 23rd, Great Barrington, Massachusetts. 1880-1884 Attends Great Barrington High School; Western Massachusetts Correspondent for the New York Age, the New York Globe and the Springfield Republican; graduates as class valedictorian. 1885-1888 Attends Fisk University in Nashville, Tennessee; teaches in rural school districts during the summers; editor of the Fisk Herald; receives B.A. in 1888. 1888-1890 Enters Harvard as a junior and receives B.A., graduating cum laude. 1890-1892 Begins graduate study at Harvard. 1892-1894 Studies at the University of Berlin with a fellowship from the Slater Fund. 1894-1896 Teaches Latin and Greek at Wilberforce University in Ohio; marries Nina Gomer. 1896 Receives Ph.D. from Harvard; his dissertation “The Suppression of the African Slave Trade” is published by Harvard University Press. 1896-1897 Instructor of Sociology, the University of Pennsylvania; publishes The Philadelphia Negro; son Burghardt Gomer Du Bois born on October 2, 1897. 1897-1910 Teaches history and economics, Atlanta University; initiates the Atlanta University Studies. 1899 Son Burghardt Gomer Du Bois dies on May 24, 1899. 1900 Daughter Yolande Du Bois born in 1900. 1903 Publishes The Souls of Black Folk. 1905-1909 Founder and General Secretary of The Niagara Movement. 1910-1934 Director of Publicity and Research, Member Board of Directors, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. 1910-1934 Founder and Editor of The Crisis, monthly magazine of the NAACP. 1919 Calls Pan-African Congress in Paris. 1920 Receives the Spingarn Medal of the NAACP. 1923 Special Ambassador Representing the United States at the inauguration of President King of Liberia. 1934 Resigns from the NAACP. 1934-1944 Returns to Atlanta University as Head, Department of Sociology; publishes Black Reconstruction. 1944-1948 Returns to NAACP as Director of Publicity and Research. 1945 Attends founding conference of the United Nations in San Francisco as representative of the NAACP. 1948 Co-chairman, Council on African Affairs. 1950 Chairman, Peace Information Center in New York City; candidate for U.S. Senate for New York Progressive Party. Wife, Nina Gomer Du Bois, dies and is buried in Great Barrington. 1951 Indictment, trial, and acquittal of subversive activities charges brought against him by the Justice Department; marries Shirley Graham. 1951-1959 Extensive speaking, writing, and international travel; wins Lenin Peace Prize in 1958. 1960 Daughter Yolande Du Bois dies in 1960. 1961 Becomes member of the Communist Party, U.S.A. Invited to Ghana by President Kwame Nkrumah to edit the Encyclopedia Africana. 1963 Becomes citizen of Ghana. Dies on August 27th and is buried with a state funeral in Accra. Du Bois’s death is announced by Roy Wilkins of the NAACP as the March on Washington begins on August 28th. W. E. B. Du Bois — A Brief Biography — Scholar, teacher, activist, leader, author... W. E. B. Du Bois’s accomplishments are almost too numerous to name. (William Edward Burghardt) Du Bois was born in the small Massachusetts village of Great Barrington, in 1868, three years after the end of the Civil War. Unlike most black Americans, his family had not just emerged from slavery. His great-grandfather had fought in the American Revolution, and the Burghardts had been an accepted part of the community for generations. Du Bois’ father left home soon after Du Bois was born, and the boy was raised largely by his mother, who imparted to her child the sense of a special destiny. She encouraged his studies and his adherence to the Victorian virtues of 19th century rural New England. Du Bois excelled at school and outshone his white contemporaries, but as he reached adolescence, he began to notice the subtle social boundaries which he was expected to observe. The influential leaders of his community recognized his academic promise and quietly decided his future. They saw an opportunity to perform an act of Christian generosity toward a promising student, and they arranged for him to attend Fisk University in Nashville. Du Bois had always wanted to go to Harvard and he was initially disappointed, but his experience at Fisk changed his life. It helped to clarify his identity and pointed him in the direction of his life’s work. At Fisk he encountered children of former slaves who had suffered oppression but had also nourished a rich cultural and spiritual tradition that Du Bois recognized as his own. Du Bois also encountered the White South, where the achievements of Reconstruction were being destroyed. He encountered the suffering as well as the dignity of rural blacks when he taught school during the summers in East Tennessee, and he resolved that in some way his life would be dedicated to a struggle against racial and economic oppression. His determination to continue his education was rewarded when he was offered a scholarship to study at Harvard University. Du Bois’ life was a struggle of warring ideas and ideals. He entered Harvard during a progressive era; he was smitten with the ideal of science – that objective truth that could dispel the irrational prejudices and ignorance that stood in the way of a just social order. From the University of Berlin he brought back the German scientific ideal. At Atlanta University he created landmarks in the scientific study of race relations. Du Bois’s faith in the detached role of the scientist was shaken as he saw the nation retreating into barbarism. Repressive segregation laws, lynching, and terror were on the increase, despite the march of science. After the Atlanta Riot of 1906, Du Bois’s “Litany at Atlanta” passionately challenged the forces of repression and destruction. He was one of the founders of the Niagara Movement and later the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. He became an impassioned opponent of a legal, political, and economic system that thrived on the exploitation of the poor and the powerless. As he pointed out the connections between the plight of Afro- Americans and those who suffered under colonial rule in other areas of the world, his struggle assumed international proportions. The Pan-African Movement that flowered after World War I was the beginning of the creation of a third world consciousness. Du Bois’ style of leadership was intensely personal. He sought no mass following like Marcus Garvey, and the fierceness and unyielding determination with which he fought for his ideals alienated many who counseled less direct means of achieving limited political goals. He had fought for many progressive causes but after World War II saw them consumed by a cold war mentality that silenced rational debate. As he became more of an international figure, Du Bois was accepted less and less by his contemporaries at home. Yet when he left the United States to become a citizen of Ghana in 1961, he saw it not as a rejection of his countrymen but as a return to the land of his forefathers. Du Bois’ mature vision was a reconciliation of the “sense of double consciousness” — the “two warring ideals” of being both black and an American — that he had written about fifty years earlier. He came to accept struggle and conflict as essential elements of life, but he continued to believe in the inevitable progress of the human race ─ that out of individual struggles against a divided self and political struggles of the oppressed against their oppressors, a broader and fuller human life would emerge that would benefit all of mankind. from a longer biography by Kerry W. Buckley / Special Collections and University Archives at UMass Amherst.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Garland's Million: the Radical Experiment To
    October 14, 2019 To: ABF Legal History Seminar From: John Fabian Witt Re: October 23 seminar Thanks so much for looking at my drafts and coming to my session! I’m thrilled to have been invited to Chicago. I am attaching chapters 5 and 8 from my book-in-progress, tentatively titled Garland’s Million: The Radical Experiment to Save American Democracy. The book is the story of an organization known informally as the Garland Fund or formally as the American Fund for Public Service: a philanthropic foundation established in 1922 to give money to liberal and left causes. The Fund figures prominently in the history of civil rights lawyering because of its role setting in motion the early stages of the NAACP’s litigation campaign that led a quarter-century later to Brown v. Board of Education. I hope you will be able to get some sense of the project from the crucial chapters I’ve attached here. These chapters come from Part 2 of the book. Part 1 focuses on Roger Baldwin, the founder of the ACLU and the principal energy behind the Fund. Part 2 (including the chapters here) focuses on James Weldon Johnson, who ran the NAACP during the 1920s and was a board member of the Fund. Parts 3 and 4 turn respectively to Elizabeth Gurley Flynn (a labor radical on the board) and Felix Frankfurter, who in the 1920s served as a key outside consultant and counsel to the Fund. To set the stage, readers have learned in Part 1 about Baldwin as a disillusioned reformer, who advocated progressive programs like the initiative and referendum only to see direct democracy produce a wave of white supremacist initiatives.
    [Show full text]
  • Kwame Nkrumah, His Afro-American Network and the Pursuit of an African Personality
    Illinois State University ISU ReD: Research and eData Theses and Dissertations 3-22-2019 Kwame Nkrumah, His Afro-American Network and the Pursuit of an African Personality Emmanuella Amoh Illinois State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.library.illinoisstate.edu/etd Part of the African American Studies Commons, and the African History Commons Recommended Citation Amoh, Emmanuella, "Kwame Nkrumah, His Afro-American Network and the Pursuit of an African Personality" (2019). Theses and Dissertations. 1067. https://ir.library.illinoisstate.edu/etd/1067 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ISU ReD: Research and eData. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ISU ReD: Research and eData. For more information, please contact [email protected]. KWAME NKRUMAH, HIS AFRO-AMERICAN NETWORK AND THE PURSUIT OF AN AFRICAN PERSONALITY EMMANUELLA AMOH 105 Pages This thesis explores the pursuit of a new African personality in post-colonial Ghana by President Nkrumah and his African American network. I argue that Nkrumah’s engagement with African Americans in the pursuit of an African Personality transformed diaspora relations with Africa. It also seeks to explore Black women in this transnational history. Women are not perceived to be as mobile as men in transnationalism thereby underscoring their inputs in the construction of certain historical events. But through examining the lived experiences of Shirley Graham Du Bois and to an extent Maya Angelou and Pauli Murray in Ghana, the African American woman’s role in the building of Nkrumah’s Ghana will be explored in this thesis.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ground of Empowerment
    THE GROUND OF EMPOWERMENT W. E. B. Du Bois and the Vision of Africa’s Past by Tracey Lynn Thompson A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of History University of Toronto © Copyright by Tracey Lynn Thompson 2011 The Ground of Empowerment W. E. B. Du Bois and the Vision of Africa’s Past Tracey Lynn Thompson Doctor of Philosophy Department of History University of Toronto 2011 Abstract Scholars have examined many aspects of W. E. B. Du Bois’s project of empowering oppressed peoples in the United States and around the world. However they have treated in only a fragmentary way one of the principal strategies that he used to counter hegemonic ideologies of African and African American inferiority. That strategy was to turn to the evidence of history. Here I argue that Du Bois, alerted by Franz Boas to Africans’ historical attainments, confronted claims made by European Americans that Africans and a fortiori African Americans lacked any achievement independent of European or other foreign influence. Du Bois linked African Americans to Africa and laid out repeatedly and in detail a narrative of autonomous African historical accomplishment. I demonstrate that his approach to the history of Africa constituted a radical departure from the treatment of Africa presented by scholars located in the mainstream of contemporary anglophone academic thought. I argue that while his vision of Africa’s history did not effect any significant shift in scholarly orthodoxy, it played a crucial role, at a grave juncture in race relations in the United States, in helping to equip young African Americans with the psychological resources necessary to challenge white supremacist systems.
    [Show full text]
  • Fenderson Brief CV
    Jonathan Fenderson Brief Curriculum Vitae Washington University in St. Louis Campus Box 1109 One Brookings Drive St. Louis, MO 63130-4899 Email: [email protected] ACADEMIC APPOINTMENTS Assistant Professor, Program in African and African-American Studies, Washington University in St. Louis, 2013-present EDUCATION Ph.D., Afro American Studies, University of Massachusetts, May 2011 Dissertation Title: “Journey Toward A Black Aesthetic’: Hoyt Fuller, the Black Arts Movement and the Black Intellectual Community” Dissertation Committee: James Smethurst (Chair), John Bracey, William Strickland and Dayo Gore M.A., Africana Studies & Research, Cornell University, May 2005 B.A., Africana Studies, California State University, Dominguez Hills, May 2003 RESEARCH INTERESTS Africana Studies (African/African American/African Diaspora Studies); Twentieth Century African American History; Black Intellectual History and Black Radical Traditions; African American Social Movements; Theories, Approaches & Methodologies in Africana Studies; Hip-Hop Studies. ________________________________________________________________________ PUBLICATIONS Book Manuscripts: The Passionate Advocate: Hoyt Fuller & the Black Arts Movement [in progress] The Revolution in Print: Black Print Culture in the Era of Black Power [a co-edited volume in progress] Jonathan Fenderson 2 [email protected] Journal Articles, Book Chapters & Review Essays: “Toward the Gentrification of Black Power (?)” Race & Class 55:1 (2013): 1-22. “When the Revolution Comes: New Scholarship on Black Student Activism & the Black Studies Movement, A Review Essay” Journal of African American History (accepted for publication) “Expanding the History of the Black Studies Movement: Some Prefatory Notes” (Co- authored with James B. Stewart and Kabria Baumgartner), Journal of African American Studies 16:1 (2012): 1-20. “Committed to Institution Building’: James Turner and the History of Africana Studies at Cornell, An Interview” (Co-authored with Candace Katungi) Journal of African American Studies 16:1 (2012): 121-167.
    [Show full text]
  • Professor Strickland's Du Bois Statement
    1 W.E.B. DU BOIS EDUCATING STILL “As the decades pass, the appreciation of Du Bois will grow.” Herbert Aptheker, 1989 How does one relate to a legend? Because Du Bois’s accomplishments, and his life‐long commitment to racial, social, and human progress are legendary, i.e., journalist and editor; educator and researcher; historian and sociologist; lecturer and dramatist; political and social activist and, above all, writer (of singular grade and depth; writer of precision and prophecy in that his famous declaration, “the problem of the twentieth century is the color line,” accurately foretold the racial essence of the era that was only then unfolding. (Many people associate that analysis with DuBois’s 1903 classic, The Souls of Black Folk. But, in reality, the prediction came even earlier: at the Pan African Conference in London in 1900 when Du Bois authored the conference’s appeal “To the Nations of the World.”) But it was not only Du Bois’s prediction that came true, Aptheker’s did as well. In the twilight of his life, Du Bois was invited to Ghana by Kwame Nkrumah to continue working on the Encyclopedia Africana project that he had originally embarked upon a half‐century before. And after his death, in the late Sixties and early Seventies, recognition came in the form of youthful leftist groups who called themselves the Du Bois clubs. Meanwhile, outside the city of Berlin, commemorating its 600 year anniversary in 1989 by publishing a monograph entitled, Welcome to Berline: Das Image Berlins in der englischsprachigen Welt von 1700 bis Heute.
    [Show full text]
  • The Niagara Movement Commemoration at Harpers Ferry
    Published for the Members and Friends IN THIS ISSUE: of the Harpers Ferry August 18, 19 & 20 Historical Association Niagara Movement Summer 2006 Commemoration Events Niagara Academic Symposium 1906 - 2006 2006 Park Schedule The Niagara Movement Commemoration of Events at Harpers Ferry The History In August 1906, a momentous event took place on the Storer College Campus in Harpers Ferry, West Virginia. Little-known and not frequently mentioned in history books, this event and its signifi- cance reached far into the new century to lay the groundwork for the formation of the NAACP and the Civil Rights Movement. The Niagara Convention held its first public meeting in the United States on August 15 - 19, 1906 on the campus of Storer College. This August, Harpers Ferry National Historical Park will commemorate the 100th anniversary of this his- toric meeting with a week of activities of Niagarites adopted a constitution and by- Delegates to the Second celebration, inspiration and remembrance. laws, established committees, and wrote the Niagara Movement This event is being hosted by Harpers Ferry “Declaration of Principles” outlining the Conference pose in front of NHP and co-sponsored by the Jefferson future for African Americans. They planned Anthony Hall on the Storer County Branch of the NAACP and the for annual conferences in locations that had College campus on August 17, Harpers Ferry Historical Association. significance to the freedom struggle. 1906 (Harpers Ferry National With failed Reconstruction, the Su- Thirteen months later, they chose Historical Park). preme Court’s separate but equal doctrine, Harpers Ferry as their meeting place. Be- and Booker T.
    [Show full text]
  • The Black Women's Contribution to the Harlem Renaissance 1919-1940
    People’s Democratic Republic of Algeria Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research University Abd El Hamid Ibn Badis Faculty of Foreign Languages English Language The Black Women's Contribution to the Harlem Renaissance 1919-1940 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment for the Degree of Master in Literature and Interdisciplinary Approaches Presented By: Rahma ZIAT Board of Examiners: Chairperson: Dr. Belghoul Hadjer Supervisor: Djaafri Yasmina Examiner: Dr. Ghaermaoui Amel Academic Year: 2019-2020 i Dedication At the outset, I have to thank “Allah” who guided and gave me the patience and capacity for having conducted this research. I would like to dedicate this dissertation to my family and my friends. A very special feeling of gratitude to my loving father, and mother whose words of encouragement and push for tenacity ring in my ears. To my grand-mother, for her eternal love. Also, my sisters and brother, Khadidja, Bouchra and Ahmed who inspired me to be strong despite many obstacles in life. To a special person, my Moroccan friend Sami, whom I will always appreciate his support and his constant inspiration. To my best friend Fethia who was always there for me with her overwhelming love. Acknowledgments Foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor Mrs.Djaafri for her continuous support in my research, for her patience, motivation, enthusiasm, and immense knowledge. Her guidance helped me in all the time of research and writing of this thesis. I could not have imagined having a better advisor and mentor for dissertation. I would like to deeply thank Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • WEB Du Bois and the Rhetoric of Social Change, 1897-1907
    Duquesne University Duquesne Scholarship Collection Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2008 W.E.B. Du Bois and the Rhetoric of Social Change, 1897-1907: Attitude as Incipient Action Fendrich Clark Follow this and additional works at: https://dsc.duq.edu/etd Recommended Citation Clark, F. (2008). W.E.B. Du Bois and the Rhetoric of Social Change, 1897-1907: Attitude as Incipient Action (Doctoral dissertation, Duquesne University). Retrieved from https://dsc.duq.edu/etd/415 This Immediate Access is brought to you for free and open access by Duquesne Scholarship Collection. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Duquesne Scholarship Collection. For more information, please contact [email protected]. W.E.B. DU BOIS AND THE RHETORIC OF SOCIAL CHANGE, 1897-1907: ATTITUDE AS INCIPIENT ACTION A Dissertation Submitted to the McAnulty College and Graduate School of Liberal Arts Duquesne University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy By Fendrich R. Clark May 2009 Copyright by Fendrich R. Clark 2009 W.E.B. DU BOIS AND THE RHETORIC OF SOCIAL CHANGE, 1897-1907: ATTITUDE AS INCIPIENT ACTION By Fendrich R. Clark Approved November 14, 2008 _________________________________ _________________________________ Richard H. Thames, Ph.D. Janie Harden Fritz, Ph.D. Associate Professor of Communication Associate Professor of Communication (Dissertation Director) (Committee Member) _________________________________ Pat Arneson, Ph.D. Associate Professor of Communication (Committee Member) _________________________________ _________________________________ Albert C. Labriola, Ph.D. Ronald C. Arnett, Ph.D. Acting Dean, McAnulty College and Professor and Chair, Department of Graduate School of Liberal Arts Communication and Rhetorical Studies (External Member) iii ABSTRACT W.E.B.
    [Show full text]
  • Niagara, the Birth of the Modern Civil Rights Movement Introductory Overview and Resources
    Copyright © 2005 – Charles D’Aniello. All rights reserved. This document, either in whole or in part, may NOT be copied, reproduced, republished, uploaded, posted, transmitted, or distributed in any way, except that you may download one copy of it on any single computer for your personal, non-commercial home use only, provided you keep intact this copyright notice. Niagara, The Birth of the Modern Civil Rights Movement Introductory Overview and Resources Charles D'Aniello Associate Librarian Arts and Sciences Libraries State University of New York at Buffalo Part One: Introductory Overview (Note: Hyperlinks are to some of the resources freely available on the World Wide Web; however, please review the many resources that follow this essay. The “overview” is intended as an introduction and is based on the secondary sources “cited” throughout the guide and in the essay itself.) The Niagara Movement (overview sources, 1, 2, 3, 4 select 2005 Summer/Fall) – the immediate “informal” predecessor of the NAACP – had a Buffalo connection. The organizational meeting that preceded its first gathering was held in July 1905 in the Buffalo home of William H. and Mary Burnett Talbert (1865-1923). Today a building on the University at Buffalo North Campus is named in Mary Talbert’s honor, Talbert Hall. Its driving force was sociologist and activist W.E.B. Du Bois (1868- 1963). Du Bois was the first African American to earn a Ph.D. from Harvard University (history, 1895). His dissertation on the suppression of the African slave trade to the United States, 1638-1870, was published in 1896 as the first volume in the Harvard Historical Studies Series.
    [Show full text]
  • “New South” – • Remains Agricultu
    Directions: 1) Read each excerpt and answer the corresponding questions with details. “New South” – Remains agricultural based on cotton farming, dependent on cheap labor (sharecropping and tenant farming by poor blacks and whites) Only a few pockets of industrialization despite attempts to industrialize the “New South” Racism: Jim Crow, Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), limited economic opportunity Voting Restrictions: literacy test, poll tax, Grandfather Clause, Solid South (Democrats only) Violence: KKK o Watch video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZiUom0q4CUE (20:10 to 23:50) 1) What was the most horrific part of the “New South” according to Ida Wells? What actions did she take? What impact did her work have? Jim Crow Stories - PBS In March of 1892, Ida B. Wells, a journalist and former Memphis school teacher, started a crusade against lynching after three friends of hers were brutally murdered by a Memphis mob. Tom Moss and two of his friends, Calvin McDowell and Henry Stewart, were arrested for defending themselves against an attack on Moss' store. Moss was a highly respected figure in the black community, a postman as well as the owner of a grocery store. A white competitor, enraged that Moss had drawn away his black customers, hired some off-duty deputy sheriffs to destroy the store. Moss and his friends, not knowing the men were deputies, resisted. A gun battle broke out and several deputies were wounded. Moss, his two friends, and one hundred other black supporters were arrested. Several nights later, masked vigilantes dragged Moss and his two friends from their cells, took them to a deserted railroad yard, and shot them to death.
    [Show full text]
  • Jonathan Fenderson Abbreviated Curriculum Vitae
    Jonathan Fenderson Abbreviated Curriculum Vitae Washington University in St. Louis Campus Box 1109 One Brookings Drive St. Louis, MO 63130-4899 Email: [email protected] (562) 682-9972 ACADEMIC APPOINTMENTS Assistant Professor, Department of African and African-American Studies, Washington University in St. Louis, 2013-present Postdoctoral Fellow, Program in African and African American Studies, Washington University in St. Louis, 2011-2013 EDUCATION Ph.D., Afro American Studies, University of Massachusetts, May 2011 M.A., Africana Studies & Research, Cornell University, May 2005 B.A., Africana Studies, California State University, Dominguez Hills, May 2003 RESEARCH INTERESTS Africana Studies (African/African-American/African Diaspora Studies); 20th Century African American History; Black Intellectual History; African American Social Movements; Theories, Approaches & Methodologies in Africana Studies. ______________________________________________________________________________ PUBLICATIONS Book Manuscripts: Building the Black Arts Movement: Hoyt Fuller & the Cultural Politics of the 1960s [release date: April 2019—University of Illinois Press] Revolutionary Paperwork: Print Culture in the Era of Black Power [edited volume in progress] Journal Articles, Book Chapters & Special Issue Editing: “Black Studies Post-Janus” The Black Scholar 48:4 (2018): 1-7. “Black Intellectual Insurgency: James Turner and the Discipline of Africana Studies” in Scot Brown (ed.) Discourse on Africana Studies: James Turner and Paradigms of Knowledge. Diasporic
    [Show full text]
  • Black Performance and Cultural Criticism Valerie Lee and E. Patrick Johnson, Series Editors
    Black Performance and Cultural Criticism Valerie Lee and E. Patrick Johnson, Series Editors Seniors_Book4print.indb 1 5/28/2009 11:30:56 AM Seniors_Book4print.indb 2 5/28/2009 11:30:56 AM BEYOND LIFT EVERY VOICE AND SING The Culture of Uplift, Identity, and Politics in Black Musical Theater • Paula Marie Seniors The Ohio State University Press Columbus Seniors_Book4print.indb 3 5/28/2009 11:30:56 AM Copyright © 2009 by The Ohio State University. All rights reserved. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Seniors, Paula Marie. Beyond lift every voice and sing : the culture of uplift, identity, and politics in black musical theater / Paula Marie Seniors. p. cm. — (Black performance and cultural criticism) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-8142-1100-7 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-8142-1100-3 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. African Americans in musical theater—History. 2. Musical theater—United States—History. 3. Johnson, James Weldon, 1871–1938. 4. Johnson, J. Rosamond (John Rosamond), 1873–1954. 5. Cole, Bob, 1868–1911. I. Title. ML1711.S46 2009 792.6089'96073—dc22 2008048102 This book is available in the following editions: Cloth (ISBN 978-0-8142-1100-7) CD-ROM (ISBN 978-0-8142-9198-6) Cover design by Laurence Nozik. Type set in Adobe Sabon. Text design by Jennifer Shoffey Forsythe. Printed by Thomson-Shore, Inc. The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the Ameri- can National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials. ANSI Z39.48-1992. 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Seniors_Book4print.indb 4 5/28/2009 11:30:56 AM This book is dedicated to my scholar activist parents AUDREY PROCTOR SENIORS CLARENCE HENRY SENIORS AND TO MIss PARK SENIORS Their life lessons and love nurtured me.
    [Show full text]