Otello Verdi

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Otello Verdi OTELLO VERDI 11 Fitxa 12 Repartiment Argument 17 Teresa Lloret 29 English Synopsis Sobre la producció 35 Andreas Kriegenburg Novament al Liceu 37 José Cura «Celos, aun del aire matan» 41 Joaquín Martín de Sagarmínaga Una obra mestra en 53 temps de pròrroga Miquel Desclot Verdi, una ambiciosa 65 identitat universal Jesús Ruiz Mantilla Jo no sóc el que sóc 73 Jordi Boixaderas Cronologia 76 Jordi Fernández M. «Amore e gelosia vadan dispersi 83 insieme!»: l’Otello de Verdi al Liceu Jaume Tribó Selecció discogràfica 93 Javier Pérez Senz Bibliografia recomanada 96 Aleix Pratdepàdua 98 Biografies OTELLO Òpera en quatre actes de Giuseppe Verdi. Llibret d’Arrigo Boito basat en el drama Othello de William Shakespeare. Estrenes 5 de febrer de 1887: Teatro alla Scala de Milà 19 de novembre de 1890: Gran Teatre del Liceu 27 de febrer de 2006: última representació al Liceu Total de representacions en la programació del Liceu: 156 01 /2016 Torn 02 /2016 Torn 21 20.00 h B 1 20.00 h A 26 20.00 h H 4* 20.00 h D 27 20.00 h PA 5 20.00 h PE 29 20.00 h E 7 17.00 h T 31 18.00 h PD Durada aproximada: 2 h. 55 min. (*): Amb audiodescripció Amb el suport de liceubarcelona.cat 12 pàg. Repartiment 13 Temporada 2015/16 gener / febrer 2016 Direcció musical Philippe Auguin Otello José Cura (21, 26 i 29 gener i 1 febrer) / Carl Tanner (27 i 31 gener i 4 i 7 febrer) / Direcció d’escena Andreas Kriegenburg Marc Heller (5 febrer) Reposició direcció d’escena Claudia Gotta Jago Marco Vratogna (21, 26 i 29 gener i 1, 4 i 7 febrer) / Ivan Inverardi (27 i 31 gener i 5 febrer) Escenografia Harald Thor Vestuari Andrea Schraad Cassio Alexey Dolgov Il·luminació Stefan Bolliger Roderigo Vicenç Esteve Madrid Assistent de la direcció d’escena Albert Estany Lodovico Roman Ialcic Assistent de vestuari Ulrike Mitulla Un herald Ivo Mischev (21, 26 i 29 gener i 1 i 4 febrer) / Gabriel Diap (27 i 31 gener i 5 i 7 febrer) Producció Deutsche Oper Berlin Orquestra Simfònica i Cor del Gran Teatre del Liceu Desdemona Ermonela Jaho (21, 26 i 29 gener i 1 i 7 febrer) / María Katzarava (27 i 31 gener i 4 i 5 febrer) Direcció del Cor Conxita Garcia Emilia Olesya Petrova Cor Infantil Amics de la Unió Direcció del Cor Infantil Josep Vila Jover Assistent de la direcció musical Daniel Montané Concertino Kostadin Bogdanoski Assistents musicals Véronique Werklé, Vanessa García, Jaume Tribó, Pau Casan Sobretítols Glòria Nogué, Anabel Alenda 14 pàg. 15 Giuseppe Verdi aproximadament el 1870. Autor: Ferdinand Mulnier La tragèdia de Shakespeare ens parla del valent condot- tiero de pell fosca al servei de Venècia que governa l’illa de Xipre, que estima amb passió la dolça Desdèmona, però que se sent insegur i gairebé indigne de la seva bellesa i refinament i que, així, esdevé víctima fàcil de l’enveja maligna de l’oficial Iago. Aquesta tragèdia es converteix, en contacte amb la sensibilitat romàntica, en un drama psicològic tèrbol i inquietant, en què l’acció és el resultat de passions devastadores. El desenllaç manté, naturalment, l’assassinat de Desdemona, a mans del protagonista encegat per la gelosia, i el suïcidi d’Otello en comprendre el terrible error que ha comès. La preocupació constant de Verdi per fer pujar a l’es- cena lírica les obres de Shakespeare, que havia tingut el primer fruit visible en Macbeth (1847) i que no havia abandonat tot al llarg dels temps, trobà en el llibretista i també compositor Arrigo Boito un aliat excel·lent. Text i música, a més de potenciar amb força i energia els trets principals del dos protagonistes –el turmentós caràcter i la força guerrera d’Otello, la dolcesa i sensua- litat amorosa de Desdemona–, donen al personatge de Jago una maldat filosòfica més destacada que en la tragèdia original, que el converteix en emblema d’un geni del mal, indiferent als valors morals, d’un nihilisme inaudit («La Morte è il Nulla. È vecchia fola il Ciel»). Anja Harteros i José Cura (Desdemona i Otello), Deutsche Oper Berlin, 2010. Foto: Barbara Aumüller/Deutsche Oper Berlin ARGUMENT Teresa Lloret Filòloga L’acció transcorre a la fi del segle XV en una ciutat portuària de Xipre, illa dominada aleshores per la República de Venècia. Els antecedents –que transcorren a la ciutat de Venècia– són eliminats en l’òpera, que entra directament al nucli argumental. Otello, valent militar de raça àrab al servei de Venècia, ha guanyat el cor de la jove i bella Desdemona, filla del senador venecià Brabantio, malgrat la seva pell fosca, i s’hi ha casat secretament. Brabantio acusa Otello davant el Consell del Senat d’haver embruixat la seva filla, però no ho pot provar. Els venecians tenen notícia que l’Armada turca es prepara per atacar Xipre i envien Otello a defensar l’illa, de la qual és nomenat governador. El seu alferes, Jago, ressentit pel nomenament de lloctinent que Otello ha atorgat a Cassio, ha decidit venjar-se’n. 18 pàg. Argument 19 Zeljko Lucic (Jago), José Cura (Otello) i el cor de la Deutsche Oper Berlin en la producció d’Otello en l’esmentat teatre, 2010. Foto: Barbara Aumüller ACTE I La primera escena, que s’obre amb una grandiosa terme una intriga que destrueixi l’enemic comú. Quan tempesta, transcorre al port de Xipre, on la multitud arriba Cassio a participar en la festa popular, li fa espera amb angoixa l’arribada del vaixell d’Otello, de beure més vi del compte i fa creure a Roderigo que 2 Un quartet de violoncels, d’erotisme tornada després del combat contra els turcs, mentre aquest és rival seu en l’amor de Desdemona. Roderigo refinat, marca l’entrada de Desdemona i el duo dels amants que clou el primer acte, un 1 1 L’òpera comença sense obertura ni demana clemència al cel . L’aparició d’Otello triom- el desafia i finalment és Montano, l’antic governador fragment gairebé totalment dialogat –amb preàmbul, amb l’orquestra fent sentir la forta fant omple d’alegria el poble, que s’afanya a celebrar de Xipre, qui resulta ferit per Cassio en intentar calmar acompanyament de violins i violes– llevat tempesta que ha esclatat: escales cromàti- la victòria. la situació. de breus instants en què les veus s’uneixen ques de la fusta, xiulets del flautí, el so del («Ed io t’amavo per le tue sventure / e tu canó, el pedal greu de l’orgue. m’amavi per la mia pietà»). Otello reclama Jago, alferes d’Otello, ressentit pel nomenament de Otello apareix indignat per l’aldarull, degrada Cassio «Un bacio...», unint la seva veu a un motiu de Cassio com a capità sense tenir-lo a ell en compte, del seu rang militar i fa marxar la gent. Resten sols l’orquestra que tornarà, com un record de la felicitat perduda, abans i després de la mort busca la complicitat del noble venecià Roderigo –que Otello i Desdemona, que expressen els seus sentiments de Desdemona. «Vien Venere splende» és està enamorat de fa temps de Desdemona i detesta en una esplèndida escena de plenitud amorosa 2. una invitació explícita a l’acte amorós. el Moro, que l’ha enamorada– perquè l’ajudi a dur a 20 pàg. Argument 21 Anja Harteros (Desdemona), Deutsche Oper Berlin, 2010. Foto: Barbara Aumüller/Deutsche Oper Berlin ACTE II Després d’una breu trobada entre Jago i Cassio, en la qual l’alferes el convenç amb perfídia que només la intervenció de la dolça Desdemona el pot tornar a regraciar amb Otello, té lloc el famós monòleg de Jago («Credo») –una declaració de principis que fa evident la maldat profunda i assumida del pervers personatge, 3 La introducció orquestral de l’acte dóna que s’odia a si mateix i als homes–, d’un nihilisme total 3. violència a la demanda de perdó envers Cassio que fa d’entrada el to fosc amb les sonoritats caver- la seva muller i que sembla confirmar-li les acusacions noses de fagots i violoncels, que marquen un tema recurrent en el desenvolupament La segona escena, que desencadena el drama, s’inicia de Jago. Desdemona no entén la ira del marit, demana de l’òpera. Després de l’escena entre Jago amb les hàbils i perverses insinuacions de Jago que perdó per qualsevol falta que pugui haver comès i i Cassio hi ha un breu recitatiu de Jago, en posen en el cor d’Otello els primers dubtes sobre la intenta eixugar el front d’Otello amb un bell mocador què al·ludeix al dimoni que el domina, conti- nuat amb l’ària de baríton, de gran impacte fidelitat de la seva esposa, que fa protagonista d’un que ell, enfurismat del tot, llença a terra. Emilia el recull vocal i orquestral, amb aguts poderosos de la antic –i fals– idil·li amb Cassio. Resta clar que Otello i Jago s’afanya a arrabassar-lo a la seva dona, contra la veu i una forta intervenció del metall. és una presa fàcil en el parany de la gelosia per la seva seva voluntat, per convertir-lo en prova irrefutable de la 4 L’escena correspon a un quartet format per condició d’àrab, raça que sap que és menyspreada pel traïció de Desdemona 4. dos duos sobreposats en què destaca l’an- gèlica melodia que acompanya Desdemona, seu entorn, i perquè no pot acabar d’entendre per què la ira i l’angoixa d’Otello expressades amb una noia bella i refinada li ha donat el seu amor.
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