THE LESSONS DEPENDENT UKRAINE & WAYS ECHOES OF THE HOLODOMOR, OF EUROMAIDANS TO RESIST RUSSIAN PRESSURE 80 YEARS ON № 22 (64) DECEMBER 2013 THE RAPE OF EUROPE WWW.UKRAINIANWEEK.COM Featuring selected content from The Economist FOR FREE DISTRIBUTION |CONTENTS BRIEFING HISTORY Yanukovych Fetches The Echoes of Who is to blame? The echos of the Holodomor. 80 years on According to a recent joint survey by the Democratic Initiatives Foundation and Ukrainian Sociology Service, 53% Ukrainians claim that they know “general things” about Holodomor. 19% “have heard Suppressed of it” and 26% claim to be well-aware of the genocide. 2% say they know nothing about it. A trauma that las four generations Awareness varies by age: 42% people aged over 55 claim to know a lot about the arvation The Centre of Ukrainian Studies at Taras Shevchenko University surveyed 1,000 people over individuality compared to ju 21% of those aged 30-54, and a mere 16% of those aged under 30. Mo the Holodomor: five years who were one to seven years old in 1932-1933. 500 lived in oblas tormented by Independence. From Europe Ukrainians blame the Holodomor on Stalin and the Bolsheviks the Holodomor. 500 lived in ethnic Ukrainian territories that did not experience the famine. The difference in their answers reveals how deeply the tragedy affeed mo of the popula- Territories Territories that plagued did not tion. According to Tetiana Voropayeva, psychologi and head of the Ethnology research group by the experience Fully agree at the Centre of Ukrainian Studies, the po-genocidal syndrome tends to spread over the next Holodomor arvation The 1932-1933 The purpose of the four generations. The Stockholm syndrome, or capture-bonding, is another aftereffe of the 63% 63% I think I agree Holodomor was 1932-1933 Holodomor trauma. Its mechanism works as follows: when a person finds himself on the brink of death (of hunger or for other reasons), he goes back to the ate of a newborn feeling as unproteed caused by the was targeted Supressed 51% I don’t think I agree and helpless. His mind is no longer critical. If, at the point of awaiting death, the viim gets government policy elimination of the the lea kindness from the aggressor, the latter turns into a helping father. In Ukraine, Stalin’s I don’t agree food colleion campaign officially ended on March 15, 1933. People could already eat early Ukrainian nation spring plants. Since the new sawing season began and people had no energy to work in the 20% I don’t know fields, the authorities eablished medical points in some villages that arted feeding the arved. Kolkhozes, too, began to diribute some food. Meanwhile, newspapers and radios 22.9% 28.4% 20.7% spread news of elimination of yet another nationaliic center that arranged the famine upon 7% 33.7% individuality, the order of Comrade Stalin, the creator of new and happy life. This image penetrated many 3% 5.4% 4 minds exhaued by hunger. As a result, some people were ill afraid to be Ukrainians in their 7.6% 9.9% 24.7% country long after the genocide, and passed that fear over to their children. 30.4% 16.3% The feeling of alienation Ukrainophobic Behavioural regress from Ukraine sentiments that prevents adequate behaviour FOCUS in the future emotional Childhood ress and emotional comfort in adulthood Underanding the genocide The Holodomor was a The Rating sociological group found that the highe share campaign to eliminate of Ukrainians who think of the Holodomor as genocide is in peasants as a social category 2013. The number of those who believe otherwise shrinks 78% and force them into 76% 73% every year discomfort kolkhozes 59% Was the Holodomor genocide? 56% 55% The Big Bluff:The failure in 2010 18.3% 50% 29% 14% 61% 7.2% 35.1% 20% 32% 25% 9.9% and Stockholm ТYes 12% 12% 0% 8% 7% No Vilnius revealed two crucial 2013 Source: A survey by the Democratic Initiatives Foundation and Ukrainian Sociology Service I don’t know 12% 66% Witnessed deaths Grew up in an Suffer high Have Have Suffer Have 22% of parents or orphanage level of anxiety dominating fobias psychosomatic subconscious syndrome 80 years siblings during the depressive disorders feeling of things – one, Ukraine is not Holodomor emotions inferiority Source: Rating sociological group actually independent; two, the EU and US offered nothing but Behaviour-shaping personal features on 75% 75% 69% 65% 57% 52% rhetoric to confront Russia’s pressure 46% 35% 23% 20% 33% 17% 20 Low Poor self-aualization Little confidence Soviet Conformism Escape from self-eeem (self-fulfillment and in the ereotypes reality aspiration for effeiveness of self-expression) own aions 6 Source: Centre of Ukrainian Studies at Taras Shevchenko University Dictated by The Mother-Empire Awaits: Yuriy Makarov the CommunistD octrine: The 1932-33 Holodomor was a on why Ukraine proved incapable of resisting consequence of the Bolsheviks’ efforts to completely eradicate the Russian orbit private property 22 9 A Red and Black Sachet With Ashes: Why you should not fear After the EuroMaidans: Ukrainians seem your memories to be overcoming the distrust and apathy of the “2004 syndrome”. The European rallies could mark the start of a serious 25 confrontation between the government and Seeking Justice: U.S. Federal the pro-European majority Judge Bohdan Futey discusses the international legal precedents that 10 could allow Ukraine to demand NEIGHBOURS recognition of the Holodomor as genocide in an international court Along a Non- Existing Border As Moldova 26 initials the Association NAVIGATOR Agreement in Vilnius, the Awaiting New Hosts:The Ukrainian Week takes a tour around Kremlin will castles handed over into concession increase pressure on Chisinau. This 28 may lead to another escalation of the Transnistria conflict CULTURE & ARTS Art Reconciliation: An attempt to whitewash Art Arsenal after 12 censorship in the previous show The EU’s Door Stays Open: International politicians, experts and diplomats comment on Ukraine’s abrupt turn from the EU, 30 massive protests and what may come next Tearing Down Covers: Photographer Borys Mykhailov 14 talks about the ability to weed ECONOMICS out beauty, the emptiness of PR Succeeding in Spite of the State: Honest Bulgarian firms and art lovers specialise, stay small and steer clear of the government 32 16 Chronicle of a SystemicR ecession: Ukraine’s economic downturn Ten Muses: Film, food and jazz continues as the government, banks and businesses deplete their festivals to visit this month reserves. Many companies will not survive even a year of this turmoil 34 18 E-mail [email protected] Tel. (044) 351-13-87 www.ukrainianweek.com The Ukrainian Week № 22 (64) December 2013 Editors address 37 Mashynobudivna str., Kyiv, 03067, Ukraine Founder ECEM Media GmbH Print Novy Druk LLC, 1 Mahnitohorska str., Kyiv, 03056, Ukraine Publisher ECEM Media GmbH Ordering number 13-8529 Sent to print on 29 November 2013 Address Austria, Am Gestade,1, 1010 Vienna Print run 15 000. Free distribution State registration certificate КВ № 19823-9623ПР 19.03.2013 Chief Editor Alla Lazareva Our partner Editors Anna Korbut, Natalia Romaneс, Shaun Williams № 22 (64) DECEMBER 2013|THE UKRAINIAN WEEK|3 BRIEFING|EASTERN PARTNERSHIP SUMMIT Author: Roman Malko hen Yanukovych ar- Yanukovych Fetches rived to the reception for EU member-state Wleaders at the palace- turned-museum of Lithuanian rulers on November 28, every- Independence. one still had a glimpse of hope. Few, if any, European leaders dreamt of signing the Associa- tion Agreement, yet many said that a declaration of intentions From Europe could be signed and the post- poned association process would be resumed a few months later. The Eastern Partnership “The door remains open for Ukraine,” politicians commented Summit in Vilnius brought no good news. on camera and said they believed This was not inevitable that Yanykovych would change his mind in private conversa- 4|THE UKRAINIAN WEEK|№ 13 (55) JULY 2013 EASTERN PARTNERSHIP SUMMIT|BRIEFING close to the negotiation process By the end of the summit, ev- mentioned USD 50bn. European eryone got tired of the “open Council President Herman Van door”. Still, it signaled that Eu- Rompuy and EU Commission rope, at least formally, keeps in- President Jose Manuel Barroso sisting that it needs Ukraine. who met with Viktor Yanukovych Perhaps, the Ukrainian elite before the reception on Thursday would change its mind by the night allegedly offered this Riga Summit in 2015 or the amount as an EBRD loan for Ukraine-EU Summit in March Ukraine. According to the 2014, Dalia Grybauskaitė as- sources, the offer left Yanu- sumed. And the door is open kovych indifferent – he must again, Van Rompuy repeated. have found it not generous Yanukovych was the only one enough. keeping silent and smiling as We are not sure whether Ya- Vice Premier Serhiy Arbuzov nukovych actually rejected a USD talked about risks that scared the 50bn loan after his government fearless Ukrainian government. had struggled to get at least USD After the Vilnius Summit, 15bn from the IMF, but he may Ukrainians have another date for well have. Big people have big commemorating their crushed appetites. It is currently unclear hopes. By contrast, Moldova, whether there is any limit to Georgia and Azerbaijan will cele- those appetites or whether the brate their small victories. The whole deal is actually about door to normal life is open much them. The impression is that the wider for them now. In the near process is guided by more rea- future, Moldova is hoping to go sons than money alone. visa-free with the EU – the pro- At a post-summit briefing, cess has already started.