The San Bernardino and San Jacinto Mountain Ranges, both of which lie within the boundaries of the San Bernardino National forest, offer some of the most diverse habitats in the western United States. The physiography of these two ranges provides birdwatchers with a wide variety of habitats and bird species to study. The environments birds are found in include mountain lakes and meadows, coniferous forest, oak woodland, riparian woodland, chaparral scrub, desert scrub and grasslands. These diverse habitats provide homes for bird species that are resident year-round, as well as for birds which utilize that area only for breeding, wintering, or as stop-over sites during spring and fall migrations.

For this checklist the San Bernardino and San Jacinto Mountains are separated out. This field checklist includes all habitats within the National Forest boundaries of both mountain ranges. The San Bernardino Mountains area extends north to the desert slopes of Lucerne and Johnson Valleys, east to the pinyon-covered hills west of Yucca Valley, south to the northern edge of the San Bernardino Valley, west to the eastern portion of the San Gabriel Mountains, including Mount Baldy. The San Jacinto Mountains area extends north to the southern edge of the San Gorgonio Pass, east to the Santa Rosa Mountains and desert slopes of the Coachella Valley, and south and west to the coastal slopes near Anza and Hemet, respectively.

This list was first published by the San Bernardino County Museum in September 1995. It was a joint project between the Museum and the San Bernardino National Forest. The original list was compiled by Robert L. McKernan and Eugene A. Cardiff. Contributors included Steve Cardiff, Steve Loe, Chet McGaugh, and Steve Myers. This list was updated in October 2014 by Gerald Braden, Robert L. McKernan, Robin Eliason, and Rari Marks. As with any checklist, it must be continuously revised. You can contribute to this checklist by reporting new or unusual sightings to the San Bernardino National Forest or the San Bernardino County Museum. Sightings should be documented with descriptions, dates, locations, and, if possible with a photograph.

Key to Abbreviations in the Checklist 1 Habitat Codes 2 Seasons 2 Degree of Observability a: aerial; usually seen in flight, often over several WV: Winter Visitor: resident outside of the c: common: always encountered in proper habitat. habitat types. migration period generally November-March. u: uncommon: usually encountered in small numbers r: riparian; steam side thickets and woodlands. SR: Summer Resident: nesting but not remaining in proper habitat. g: grasslands, fields, and agricultural areas. through the winter. o: occasional: seen only a few times a year in proper m: marsh/meadows; both freshwater areas and moist SV: Summer Visitor: seen during the summer but habitat. meadows. not known to nest. r: rare: >10 records for SBNF, but not expected. c: chaparral an coastal sage scrub. R: Resident: present year-round. x: accidental: species with 10 or fewer records for w: woodland: oaks, conifers, oak-conifier T: Transient: migrating through the region during SBNF. associations, pinyon-juniper. the spring (March-June) or fall (August-November) +: extirpated. d: desert: Joshua tree woodlands, creosote bush V: Visitor: occurrence irregular, may be seen at any scrub. time of the year. l: lakes, reservoirs, and their margins IR: Introduced, now resident. u: urbanized areas.

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Common Name Latin Name Habitat 1 San Bernardino SB Regular San Jacinto SJ Regular Neotropical Mountains2 Breeder Mountains2 Breeder Migrant Pacific Loon Gavia pacifica l x Common Loon Gavia immer l uT,uWV rT,rWV Y Pied-billed Grebe Podilymbus podiceps l cR Y cR Y Y Horned Grebe Podiceps auritus l rWV rWV Y Eared Grebe Podiceps nigricollis l cR Y uR Y Western Grebe Aechmophorus occidentalis l uR Y uR Y Y Clark’s Grebe Aechmophorus clarkii l oT oT Y Blue-footed Booby Sula nebouxii l x American White Pelican Pelecanus erythrorhynchos l cT uT Y Brown Pelican Pelecanus occidentalis l x Y Double-crested Cormorant Phalacrocorax auritus l uT,uSV uT,uSV Y Magnificent Frigatebird Fregata magnificens l x x American Bittern Botaurus lentiginosus l oT rT Y Least Bittern Ixobrychus exilis l rT x Y Great Blue Heron Ardea herodias l cR Y cR Y Y Great Egret Casmerodius albus l cT cT Y Snowy Egret Egretta thula l uT uT Y Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis l oT oT Y Green Heron Butorides virescens l uR Y uR Y Black-crowned Night-Heron Nycticorax nycticorax l uR Y uR Y Y White-faced Ibis Plegadis chihi l oT rT Y Tundra Swan Cygnus columbianus l rWV rWV Greater White-fronted Goose Anser albifrons l rT rT Y Snow Goose Chen caerulescens l uT, uWV uT,uWV Ross’ Goose Chen rossii l rT,rWV rT,rWV Canada Goose Branta canadensis l uWV uWV Wood Duck Aix sponsa l uR rT,rWV Green-winged Teal Anas crecca l cR cR Y Mallard Anas platyrhynchos l cR Y cR Y Y Northern Pintail Anas acuta l cR Y cR Y Y Blue-winged Teal Anas discors l oT,oWV oT,oWV Y Cinnamon Teal Anas cyanoptera l cR Y cR Y Y Northern Shoveler Anas clypeata l cR cR Gadwall Anas strepera l cR Y cR Y Eurasian Wigeon Anas penelope l rT,rWV rT,rWV Y

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Common Name Latin Name Habitat 1 San Bernardino SB Regular San Jacinto SJ Regular Neotropical Mountains2 Breeder Mountains2 Breeder Migrant American Wigeon Anas americana l cR cR Y Canvasback Aythya valisineria l cT,cWV cT,cWV Redhead Aythya americana l cR Y cR Y Y Ring-necked Duck Aythya collaris l cT,cWV cT,cWV Greater Scaup Aythya marila l x x Lesser Scaup Aythya affinis l cT,cWV cT,cWV Y Common Goldeneye Bucephala clangula l uT,uWV rT,rWV Bufflehead Bucephala albeola l uT,uWV uT,uWV Hooded Merganser Lophodytes cucullatus l rT,rWV rT,rWV Y Common Merganser Mergus merganser l cT,cWV cT,cWV Red-breasted Merganser Mergus serrator l rT,rWV rT,rWV Ruddy Duck Oxyura jamaicensis l cR Y cR Y Y Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura agcwd uT,uSV uT,uSV Y California Condor Gymnogyps californianus w; cliff r + Osprey Pandion haliaetus l uR Y uT,oWV Y White-tailed Kite Elanus leucurus rw rT,rWV rT,rWV Bald Eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus l uWV Y oT,uWV Northern Harrier Circus cyaneus gm uT,uWV uT,uWV Y Sharp-shinned Hawk Accipiter striatus w cT,uWV,rSR Y cT,uWV Y Copper’s Hawk Accipiter cooperii rw cT,uWV,uSR Y cT,uWV,uSR Y Y Northern Goshawk Accipiter gentilis w rT,rWV,rSR rT,rSR Red-shouldered Hawk Buteo lineatus rw uR Y uR Y Broad-winged Hawk Buteo platypterus w x Y Swainson’s Hawk Buteo swainsoni gw rT rT Y Zone-tailed Hawk Buteo albonotatus wd x xSR Red-tailed Hawk buteo jamaicensis agwd cR Y cR Y Y Ferruginous Hawk Buteo regalis gd rT,uWV rT,uWV Rough-legged Hawk Buteo lagopus g rT rWV Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos agdw uR Y uR Y American Kestrel Falco sparverius gcwd cR Y cR Y Y Merlin Falco columbarius gw oT,oWV oT,oWV Y Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus gml rT,rWV Y rT,rWV Y Prairie Falcon Falco mexicanus gd uR Y uR Y Chukar Alectoris chukar d uIR Y Wild Turkey Meleagris gallopavo w oIR Gambel’s Quail Callipepla gambelii d cR Y cR Y

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Common Name Latin Name Habitat 1 San Bernardino SB Regular San Jacinto SJ Regular Neotropical Mountains2 Breeder Mountains2 Breeder Migrant California Quail Callipepla californica rgcw cR Y cR Y Mountain Quail Oreortyx pictus wrc cR Y cR Y Virginia Rail Rallus limicola ml uT,uSR Y uT,uSR Y Sora Porzana carolina ml uT,uSR uT,uSR Y Common Moorhen Gallinuia chloropus ml uR Y uR Y Y American Coot Fulica americana ml cR Y cR Y Y Black-bellied Plover Pluvialis squatarola l oT oT Y Semipalmated Plover Charadrius semipalmatus l rT rT Y Killdeer Charadrius vociferus gl cR Y cR Y Y Black-necked Stilt Himantopus mexicanus l cT,rWV,uSR Y cT,rWV,uSR Y Y American Avocet Recurvirostra americana l cT,uSR Y uT,oSR Y Greater Yellowlegs Tringa melanoleuca l uT uT Y Lesser Yellowlegs Tringa flavipes l rT x Y Solitary Sandpiper Tringa solitaria l rT x Y Willet Catoptrophorus semipalmatus l rT rT Y Spotted Sandpiper Actitus macularia ml uT,rSR Y uT Y Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus l rT rT Y Long-billed Curlew Numenius americanus gl oT oT Y Marbled Godwit Limosa fedoa l oT rT Y Semipalmated Sandpiper Calidris pusilla l x Y Western Sandpiper Calidris mauri l uT uT Y Least Sandpiper Calidris minutilla l uT,rWV uT,rWV Y Baird’s Sandpiper Calidris bairdii l rT rT Y Pectoral Sandpiper Calidris melanotos l rT rT Y Dunlin Calidris alpina l oT rT Y Short-billed Dowitcher Limnodromus griseus l uT uT Y Long-billed Dowitcher Limnodromus scolopaceus l cT cT Y Common Snipe Gallinago gallinago ml uT,rWV uT,rWV,uSR Y Y Wilson’s Phalarope Phalaropus tricolor l cT uT Y Red-necked Phalarope Phalaropus lobatus l Franklin’s Gull Larus pipixcan l rT rT Y Bonaparte’s Gull Larus philadelphia l uT uT Mew Gull Larus canus l rT,rWV x Ring-billed Gull Larus delawarensis l cT,cWV cT,uWV Y California Gull Larus californicus l cT,cWV cT,uWV Herring Gull Larus argentatus l oT,oWV rWV

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Common Name Latin Name Habitat 1 San Bernardino SB Regular San Jacinto SJ Regular Neotropical Mountains2 Breeder Mountains2 Breeder Migrant Sabine’s Gull Xema sabini l x Y Caspian Tern Sterna caspia l uT uT Y Common Tern Sterna hirundo l rT rT Y Forster’s Tern Sterna forsteri l uT uT Y Black Tern Chilidonias niger l uT oT Y Rock Dove Columba livia u cIR Y cIR Y Band-tailed Pigeon Columba fasciata w cR Y cR Y Y Spotted Dove Streptopelia chinensis u r rIR Y White-winged Dove Zenaida asiatica d r x Y Mourning Dove Zenaida macroura rcwd cR Y cR Y Y Greater Roadrunner Geococcyx californianus cd uR Y uR Y Common Barn Owl Tyto alba rgcwd uR Y uR Y Flammulated Owl Otus flammeolus w uSR Y uSR Y Y Western Screech-owl Otus kennicottii rcwd uR Y uR Y Great Horned Owl Bubo virginianus rcwd cR Y cR Y Northern Pygmy-owl Glaucidium gnoma rw uR Y uR Y Spotted Owl Strix occidentalis w uR Y uR Y Long-eared Owl Asio otus rw rR Y rR Short-eared Owl Asio flammeus g rT,rWV rT,rWV Y Northern Saw-whet Owl Aegolius acadicus rw uR Y uR Y Lesser Nighthawk Chordeiles acutipennis d uSR Y uSR Y Y Common Nighthawk Chordeiles minor w uSR Y x Y Common Poorwill Phalaenoptilus nuttallii cwd cR Y cR Y Mexican Whip-poor-will Caprimulgus arizonae w oSR Y oSR Y Y Black Swift Cypseloides niger ar uSR Y uSR Y Y Vaux’s Swift Chaetura vauxi a uT uT Y White-throated Swift Aeronautes saxatalis a cR Y cR Y Black-chinned Hummingbird Archilochus alexandri rc uSR Y uSR Y Y Anna’s Hummingbird Calypte anna rcwd cR Y cR Y Costa’s Hummingbird Calypte costae rcd cSR Y cSR Y Calliope Hummingbird Stellula calliope r uSR Y uSR Y Y Broad-tailed Hummingbird Selasphorus platycercus wr x Y Rufous Hummingbird Selasphorus rufus rcwd cT,cSV cT,cSV Y Allen’s Hummingbird Selasphorus sasin rcwd uT uT Y Belted Kingfisher Ceryle alcyon ml uT,rWV,SR Y uT,rWV Y Lewis’s Woodpecker Melanerpes lewis rw rT,rWV rT,rWV

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Common Name Latin Name Habitat 1 San Bernardino SB Regular San Jacinto SJ Regular Neotropical Mountains2 Breeder Mountains2 Breeder Migrant Acorn Woodpecker Melanerpes formicivorus rcw cR Y cR Y Yellow-bellied Sapsucker Sphyrapicus varius w x x Y Red-naped Sapsucker Sphyrapicus nuchalis w uT,uWV uT,uWV Red-breasted Sapsucker Sphyrapicus ruber rw uR Y uR Y Williamson’s Sapsucker Sphyrapicus thyroideus w uR Y uR Y Ladder-backed Woodpecker Picoides scalaris d uR Y uR Y Nuttall’s Woodpecker Picoides nuttallii rcw cR Y cR Y Downy Woodpecker Picoides pubescens rw uR Y uR Y Hairy Woodpecker Picoides villosus rw cR Y cR Y White-headed Woodpecker Picoides albolarvatus w cR Y cR Y Northern Flicker Colaptes auratus rcw cR Y cR Y Olive-sided Flycatcher Contopus borealis rw uT,uSR Y uT,uSR Y Y Western Wood-pewee Contopus sordidulus rw cT,cSR Y cT,cSR Y Y Willow Flycatcher Empidonax traillii r rT,oSR rT Y Hammond’s Flycatcher Empidonax hammondii rcw uT uT Y Dusky Flycatcher Empidonax oberholseri rcw uT,uSR Y uT,uSR Y Y Gray Flycatcher Empidonax wrightii rwd oT,rWV,uSR Y oT,uSR Y Y Western Flycatcher Empidonax difficilis rcw cT,cSR Y cT,cSR Y Y Black Phoebe Sayornis nigricans mlr cR Y cR Y Y Say’s Phoebe Sayornis saya cwd uR Y uR Y Ash-throated Flycatcher Myiarchus cinerascens rwdc cT,cSR Y cT,cSR Y Y Cassin’s Kingbird Tyrannus vociferans wg uT,uSR Y uT,uSR Y Y Western Kingbird Tyrannus verticalis wrg cT,uSR Y cT,uSR Y Y Horned Lark Eremophila alpestris gd cR Y uR Y Purple Martin Progne subis arw oSR Y oSR Y Y Tree Swallow Tachycineta bicolor arw uSR Y uSR Y Y Violet-green Swallow Tachycineta thalassina arw cSR Y cSR Y Y N. Rough-winged Swallow Stelgidopteryx serripennis ar uSR Y uSR Y Y Bank Swallow Riparia riparia ar oT oT Y Cliff Swallow Hirundo pyrrhonota awr cSR Y cSR Y Y Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica amr cT cT Y Steller’s Jay Cyanocitta stelleri cw cR Y cR Y Blue Jay Cyanocitta cristata w x California Scrub Jay Aphelocoma californica cwr cR Y cR Y Pinyon Jay Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus wd uR Y uR Y Clark’s Nutcracker Nucifraga columbiana w uR Y uR Y

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Common Name Latin Name Habitat 1 San Bernardino SB Regular San Jacinto SJ Regular Neotropical Mountains2 Breeder Mountains2 Breeder Migrant American Crow Corvus brachyrhynchos rcw uR Y uR Y Common Raven Corvus corax wdc uR Y cR Y Mountain Chickadee Poecile gambeli wr cR Y cR Y Oak Titmouse Baeolophus inornatus cwr cR Y cR Y Verdin Auriparus flaviceps d uR Y uR Y Bushtit Psalttriparus minimus crw cR Y cR Y Red-breasted Nuthatch Sitta canadensis w uR Y uR Y White-breasted Nuthatch Sitta carolinensis wr cR Y cR Y Pygmy Nuthatch Sitta pygmaea w cR Y cR Y Brown Creeper Certhia americana wr uR Y uR Y Cactus Wren Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus dc uR Y rR Y Rock Wren Salpinctes obsoletus gcdw cR Y uR Y Canyon Wren Catherpes mexicanus wcr uR Y uR Y Bewick’s Wren Thryomanes bewickii rwc cR Y cR Y House Wren Troglodytes aedon rw cR Y cR Y Y Winter Wren Troglodytes troglodytes r rT,rWV rT,rWV Marsh Wren Cistothorus palustris mr uR Y uR Y American Dipper Cinclus mexicanus r uR Y uR Y Golden-crowned Kinglet Regulus satrapa wr uR Y uR Y Ruby-crowned Kinglet Regulus calendula wr cT,cWV,rSR Y cT,uWV Y Blue-gray Gnatcatcher Polioptila caerulea wr uR Y uR Y Y Western Bluebird Sialia mexicana wrc cR Y cR Y Mountain Bluebird Sialia currucoides w uR Y uWV Townsend’s Solitaire Myadestes townsendi wr uR Y uR Y Swainson’s Thrush Catharus ustulatus rw oT oT Y Hermit Thrush Catharus guttatus cwr cT,cR Y cT,cR Y Y American Robin Turdus migratorius cwr cR Y cR Y Y Varied Thrush Ixoreus naevius wr oT,oWV oT,oWV Wrentit Chamaea fasciata cw cR Y cR Y Northern Mockingbird Mimus polyglottos cwrd cR Y cR Y Sage Thrasher Oreoscoptes montanus d uT oT California Thrasher Toxostoma redivivum cwr cR Y cR Y American Pipit Anthus rubescens mg cT,uWV,oSR Y cT,uWV Y Bohemian Waxwing Bombycilla garrulus w x Cedar Waxwing Bombycilla cedrorum cwr uT,uWV uT,uWV Y Phainopepla Phainopepla nitens drwc uR Y uR Y

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Common Name Latin Name Habitat 1 San Bernardino SB Regular San Jacinto SJ Regular Neotropical Mountains2 Breeder Mountains2 Breeder Migrant Loggerhead Shrike Lanius ludovicianus cwrd uR Y uR Y European Starling Sturnus vulgaris ucrg cIR Y cIR Y White-eyed Vireo Vireo griseus rw x Y Bell’s Vireo Vireo bellii r rSR Y rSR Y Y Gray Vireo Vireo vicinior w uSR Y uSR Y Cassin’s Vireo Vireo cassinii wr uT,uSR Y uT,uSR Y Y Yellow-throated Vireo Vireo flavifrons wr x Y Hutton’s Vireo Vireo huttoni wc uR Y uR Y Warbling Vireo Vireo gilvus wr cT,uSR Y cT,uSR Y Y Red-eyed Vireo Vireo olivaceus wr x Y Orange-crowned Warbler Vermivora celata wr cR Y cR Y Y Nashville Warbler Vermivora ruficapilla wr uT,rSR uT,rSR Y Virginia’s Warbler Vermivora virginiae wr rSV Y x Y Northern Parula Parula americana wr xrSR Y Y Yellow Warbler Dendroica petechia wr uT,uSR Y uT,uSR Y Y Cape May Warbler Dendroica tigrina wr x Y Black-throated Blue Warbler Dendroica caerulescens wr x x Y Yellow-rumped Warbler Dendroica coronata wr cR Y cR Y Y Black-throated Gray Warbler Dendroica nigrescens wr uSR Y uSR Y Y Townsend’s Warbler Dendroica townsendi wr uT,rWV uT,rWV Y Hermit Warbler Dendroica occidentalis wr uT,rSR Y uT Y Black-throated Green Dendroica virens wr x Y Warbler Blackburnian Warbler Dendroica fusca wr x x Y Grace’s Warbler Dendroica graciae w x Y Black-and-white Warbler Mniotilta varia wr rT x Y American Redstart Setophaga ruticilla wr rT x Y Northern Waterthrush Seiurus noveboracensis r x x Y MacGillivray’s Warbler Oporornis tolmiei r uT,oSR Y uT,oSR Y Y Common Yellowthroat Geothlypis trichas rm uR Y uR Y Y Wilson’s Warbler Wilsonia pusilla r cT,uSR Y cT,uSR Y Y Canada Warbler Wilsonia canadensis r x x Y Red-faced Warbler Cardellina rubrifrons r x x Y Painted Redstart Myioborus pictus w xSR Y Y Yellow-breasted Chat Icteria virens r uSR Y uSR Y Y Hepatic Tanager Piranga flava w oSR Y Y Summer Tanager Piranga rubra r oSR Y oSR Y Y

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Common Name Latin Name Habitat 1 San Bernardino SB Regular San Jacinto SJ Regular Neotropical Mountains2 Breeder Mountains2 Breeder Migrant Western Tanager Piranga ludoviciana w cSR Y cSR Y Y Rose-breasted Grosbeak Pheucticus ludovicianus wr rT x Y Black-headed Grosbeak Pheucticus melanocephalus rw cSR Y cSR Y Y Blue Grosbeak Guiraca caerulea r uSR Y uSR Y Y Lazuli Bunting Passerina amoena cr cSR Y cSR Y Y Indigo Bunting Passerina cyanea wr xSR Y x Y Green-tailed Towhee Pipilo chlorurus w uSR Y uSR Y Y Spotted Towhee Pipilo maculatus crw cR Y cR Y Y California Towhee Pipilo crissalis cr cR Y cR Y Rufous-crowned Sparrow Aimophila ruficeps c uR Y uR Y Chipping Sparrow Spizella passerina w cR Y cR Y Y Brewer’s Sparrow Spizella breweri cgw oSR Y oSR Y Black-chinned Sparrow Spizella atrogularis cwd cSR Y cSR Y Y Vesper Sparrow Pooecetes gramineus wg rR Y oT,oWV Y Lark Sparrow Chondestes grammacus rw uR Y uR Y Y Black-throated Sparrow Amphispiza bilineata d cR Y cR Y Bell’s Sparrow Amphispiza belli c cR Y uR Y Savannah Sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis gm uR Y uR Y Y Grasshopper Sparrow Ammodramus savannarum r rSR rT Y Fox Sparrow Passerella iliaca w uR Y uR Y Song Sparrow Melospiza melodia rm cR Y cR Y Lincoln’s Sparrow Melospiza lincolnii rw uR Y uR Y Y Swamp Sparrow Melospiza georgiana m x x Y White-throated Sparrow Zonotrichia albicollis rcg rT,rWV rT,rWV Y Golden-crowned Sparrow Zonotrichia atricapilla rcw uT,uWV uT,uWV White-crowned Sparrow Zonotrichia leucophrys mrcw cT,cWV,rSR Y cT,cWV,rSR Y Harris Sparrow Zonotrichia querula rcwg x x Dark-eyed Junco Junco hyemalis wr cR Y cR Y Chestnut-collared Longspur Calcarius ornatus g rT,rWV rWV Red-winged Blackbird Agelaius phoeniceus m cR Y cR Y Y Western Meadowlark Sturnella neglecta g cR Y cR Y Yellow-headed Blackbird Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus mrl uR Y uR Y Brewer’s Blackbird Euphagus cyanocephalus cwu cR Y cR Y Brown-headed Cowbird Molothrus ater rwcl cR Y cR Y Hooded Oriole Icterus cucullatus rw uSR Y uSR Y Y Northern Oriole Icterus galbula bullockii rw cSR Y cSR Y Y

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Common Name Latin Name Habitat 1 San Bernardino SB Regular San Jacinto SJ Regular Neotropical Mountains2 Breeder Mountains2 Breeder Migrant Scott’s Oriole Icterus parisorum dw uSR Y uSR Y Purple Finch Carpodacus purpureus w cR Y cR Y Cassin’s Finch Carpodacus cassinii w cR Y cR Y House Finch Carpodacus mexicanus cwu cR Y cR Y Red Crossbill Loxia curvirostra w uR Y oR Y Pine Siskin Carduelis pinus w uR Y uR Y Lesser Goldfinch Carduelis psaltria rcw cR Y cR Y Y Lawrence’s Goldfinch Carduelis lawrencei rc uR Y uR Y American Goldfinch Carduelis tristis r uR Y uR Y Evening Grosbeak Coccothraustes vespertinus w rT,rWV rT,rWV House Sparrow Passer domesticus u cIR Y cIR Y

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