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CHERRY Training Systems
PNW 667 CHERRY training systems L. Long, G. Lang, S. Musacchi, M. Whiting A Pacific Northwest Extension Publication OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY n WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY n UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO in cooperation with MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY CHERRY training systems Contents Understanding the Natural Tree....................................................................................................................................................... 3 Training System Options.......................................................................................................................................................................... 4 Rootstock Options.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Pruning and Training Techniques.....................................................................................................................................................5 Kym Green Bush............................................................................................................................................................................................ 10 Spanish Bush.....................................................................................................................................................................................................18 Steep Leader......................................................................................................................................................................................................25 -
Flowering and Fruiting of "Burlat" Sweet Cherry on Size-Controlling Rootstock
HORTSCIENCE 29(6):611–612. 1994. chart uses eight color chips to assess fruit color: 1 = light red to 8 = very dark, mahogany red. At the end of the growing season, all Flowering and Fruiting of ‘Burlat’ current-season’s shoot growth, >2.5 cm, was measured on each branch unit. Sweet Cherry on Size-controlling We analyzed the data as a factorial, ar- ranged in a completely randomized design, Rootstock with rootstock and age of branch portions as main effects. The least significant difference Frank Kappel was used for mean separation of main effects. Agriculture Canada, Research Station, Summerland, B.C. VOH IZO, Canada Results Jean Lichou The sample branches had similar BCSA, Ctifl, Centre de Balandran, BP 32, 30127 Bellegarde, France with the mean ranging from 3 to 3.7 cm2 for the Additional index words. Prunus avium, Prunus cerasus, Prunus mahaleb, fruit size, fruit branch units of the trees on the three root- stock. The mean for the branch units’ total numbers, dwarfing, Edabriz, Maxma 14, F12/1 shoot length ranged from 339 to 392 cm. Abstract. The effect of rootstock on the flowering and fruiting response of sweet cherries ‘Burlat’ branches on Edabriz had more (Prunus avium L.) was investigated using 4-year-old branch units. The cherry rootstock flowers than ‘Burlat’ branches on F1 2/1 or Edabriz (Prunus cerasus L.) affected the flowering and fruiting response of ‘Burlat’ sweet Maxma 14 when expressed as either total cherry compared to Maxma 14 and F12/1. Branches of trees on Edabriz had more flowers, number of flowers or number standardized by more flowers per spur, more spurs, more fruit, higher yields, smaller fruit, and a reduced shoot length (Table 1). -
Anomalous Dark Growth Rings in Black Cherry
FIELD NOTE Anomalous Dark Growth Rings in Black Cherry Robert P. Long, David W. Trimpey, Michael C. Wiemann, and Susan L. Stout Anomalous dark growth rings have been observed in black cherry (Prunus serotina) sawlogs from northwestern Pennsylvania making the logs unsuitable for veneer products. Thirty-six cross sections with dark rings, each traceable to one of ten stands, were obtained from a local mill and sections were dated and annual ring widths were measured. One or more dark rings were found in 30 of the 36 cross sections. The most frequent years in which dark rings formed were 1994, on 55% of cross sections, and 1995, on 72% of cross sections. Both years were coincident with widespread cherry scallop shell moth (Hydria prunivorata) outbreaks. GIS layers and maps obtained from the Allegheny National Forest were used to document cherry scallop shell moth defoliations in these stands. These rings show a darkened discoloration through all or portions of the annual ring without characteristics typical of gum spots or gum defects caused ABSTRACT by traumatic injury from bark beetles or cambium miners. Microscopic examination of the rings revealed darkened fiber cell walls, but no other cellular abnormalities. Dark rings are more common in stands with a high proportion of the total basal area composed of black cherry. These stands also are more susceptible to repeated defoliations from cherry scallop shell moth. lack cherry (Prunus serotina) is one of the most valuable east- Methods ern hardwood timber species, and some of the highest quality Thirty-six cross sections or partial cross sections from nine dif- Bcherry originates in northwestern Pennsylvania (Wieden- ferent stands were obtained from a private industrial landowner in beck et al. -
FSC Public Search
CERTIFICATE Information from 2018/08/28 - 14:26 UTC Certificate Code CU-COC-816023 License Code FSC-C102167 MAIN ADDRESS Name Timber Link International Ltd. Address The Timber Office,Hazelwood Cottage,Maidstone Road,Hadlow Tonbridge TN11 0JH Kent UNITED KINGDOM Website http://www.timberlinkinternational.com CERTIFICATE DATA Status Valid First Issue Date 2010-10-16 Last Issue Date 2017-01-12 Expiry Date 2022-01-11 Standard FSC-STD-40-004 V3-0 GROUP MEMBER/SITES No group member/sites found. PRODUCTS Product Trade Species Primary Secondary Main Type Name Activity Activity Output Category W5 Solid Acer spp.; Alnus rubra var. pinnatisecta Starker; Alnus brokers/traders FSC wood serrulata; Apuleia leiocarpa; Betula spp.; Castanea sativa without physical Mix;FSC (sawn, P.Mill.; Cedrela odorata; Cedrus libani A. Rich.; Chlorocardium posession 100% chipped, rodiei (R.Schomb.) R.R.W.; Cylicodiscus gabunensis (Taub.) peeled) Harms; Dicorynia guianensis Amsh., D. paraensis Benth.; W5.2 Solid Dipterocarpus spp; Dipteryx odorata; Dryobalanops spp.; wood Dyera costulata (Miq.) Hook.f.; Entandrophragma cylindricum; boards Entandrophragma spp.; Entandrophragma utile; Eucalyptus spp; Fagus sylvatica L.; Fraxinus excelsior; Fraxinus americana; Gonystylus bancanus; Guibourtia spp.; Hymenaea courbaril; Intsia bijuga; Juglans nigra L.; Juglans regia L.; Khaya spp.; Larix sibirica; Liriodendron tulipifera L.; Lophira alata; Manilkara bidentata (A.DC.) A.Chev.; Microberlinia spp.; Milicia excelsa; Millettia laurentii; Nauclea diderrichii; Parashorea spp. (Urat mata, white seraya, gerutu); Peltogyne spp.*; Pinus rigida; Platanus occidentalis L; Prunus avium; Prunus serotina Ehrh.; Pseudotsuga menziesii; Pterocarpus soyauxii; Quercus alba; Quercus petraea; Quercus robur; Robinia pseudoacacia L.; Shorea balangeran; Shorea laevis Ridl.; Shorea spp.; Swietenia macrophylla; Tabebuia spp.; Tectona grandis; Terminalia ivorensis A. -
Occurrence and Distribution of Stem Pitting of Sweet Cherry Trees in Washington
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 4. BOTHAST, R. J., and D. I. FENNELL. 1974. A purpose medium for fungi and bacteria. We wish to thank E. B. Lillehoj and his staff at the medium for rapid identification and enumeration Phytopathology 45:461-462. Northern Regional Research Center, SEA-USDA, of Aspergillus flavus and related organisms. 9. RAMBO, G. W., J. TUITE, and P. CRANE. Peoria, Mycologia IL, for aflatoxin analyses of these five 66:365-369. 1974. Preharvest inoculation and infection of 5. CHRISTENSEN, Aspergillus cultures. C. M., and H. H. KAUFMANN. dent corn ears with Aspergillus flavus and 1965. Deterioration of stored grains by fungi. Aspergillus parasiticus. Phytopathology Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 3:69-84. 64:797-800. 6. LILLEHOJ, LITERATURE CITED E. B., D. I. FENNELL, and W. F. 10. SHOTWELL, 0. L., M. L. GOULDEN, and C. KWOLEK. 1976. Aspergillus flavus and W. HESSELTINE. 1974. Aflatoxin: 1. ANDERSON, H. W., E. W. NEHRING, and W. Distribu- aflatoxin in Iowa corn before harvest. Science tion in contaminated R. WICHSER. 1975. Aflatoxin contamination corn. Cereal Chem. 193:495-496. 51:492-499. of corn in the field. J. Agric. Food Chem. 7. LILLEHOJ, E. B., W. F. KWOLEK, E. E. 11. TAUBENHAUS, 23:775-782. J. J. 1920. A study of the black VANDERGRAF, M. S. ZUBER, 0. H. and the yellow molds of ear 2. ANONYMOUS. 1972. Changes in official corn. Tex. Agric. CALVERT, N. WIDSTROM, M. C. FUTRELL, Exp. Stn. Bull. 270. method of analysis. Natural Poisons 26. B01-26. and A. J. BOCKHOLT. 1975. Aflatoxin 12. ZUBER, M. S., 0. B03. -
Architectural and Commercial Interior Doors Since 1978, Our Business Has Been Doors
Lynden Door, Inc. 2077 Main Street P.O. BOX 528 Lynden, WA 98264 Phone: 800.631.DOOR (3667) 360.354.5676 Fax: 360.354.3738 www.lyndendoor.com [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Printed door colors shown in this brochure may vary from actual doors. To assure color accuracy, please request a material sample. Active in Social Media? So are we! Architectural and Commercial Interior Doors Follow us on Twitter, Pinterest and Houzz for news, plus numerous pictures and great decorating ideas. Dealer information: ©2010 Lynden Door, Inc. All rights reserved. LD500 2/14 Printed in USA Since 1978, our business has been doors. Ownership and staff continue this legacy of consistency and the culture of quality found at Lynden Door. Product quality is driven by the hands-on approach of senior management, technological innovation, and rigorous engineering values – often exceeding industry standards. Building on Quality Lynden Door adds value in many ways, including: • Custom factory machining • Factory finishing • An extensive, blended product portfolio that includes architectural, commercial and standard doors • Industry-leading green building and environmental health choices (with contributions to LEED) plus, our Lynden, WA facility is Forest Stewardship Council®(FSC®) FSC-C103189 Chain of Custody certified • Sound Transmission Class (STC) doors •Unique products and features developed through a profound focus on design Lynden Door partners with members of the design and construction community committed With respect for all, we believe that… to high standards of integrity, responsiveness “If you want a long and satisfying life… never forget and professionalism. Our distributors share our passion for service. -
The Oasis Bedroom Millcrafthandcrafted Furniture American Made by the Amish - Solid Wood Furniture
The Oasis Bedroom MILLCRAFThandcrafted furniture American Made by the Amish - Solid Wood Furniture Drawers that are built to last. Solid wood sides showcase the Our furniture’s proven strength is Made from the region’s finest solid Flush Drawers are just another way Our slat support on all queen and Our drawer boxes are strong and built Our furniture is hand-sanded, stain is Dovetailed joints in our drawers ensure refreshing structure and strength of accomplished by our focused attention hardwood. Our furniture has character, to express our passion for perfection. king size beds is always there. It gives to endure any challenge you throw at thoroughly kneaded into every grain. ultimate strength and longevity in each Collection. Revel yourself in this to structural details. Joints are secured longevity, and presence that is Every drawer is carefully fitted to give strength where it’s needed most. In them. Each drawer box regardless of Following the stain, a sealer is applied every drawer you open. powerful display of style and solid by strong bonding agents and engrained by America’s wonder-filled you a smooth graceful welcome every the middle of the center slat you’ll find size will stand true to 200 pounds of and cured, then gently grazed with hardwood. reinforced with covertly placed helix wildwoods. time you enter it’s presence. a hearty hardwood leg to support the live weight. scu ing pads to enhance the bonding fasteners. center of the mattress. of the final coat of varnish. NOBLE PULLS AND WINDHAM KNOBS MERCER PULL Oasis Collection Miller Family HERITAGE & COMMITMENT Shown Open Mirror MFP752MR Mirror 48"W x 33"H MFP750MR 36"W x 43"H High Dresser Low Dresser Armoire Shown in Lyptus with Mahogany Two Tone Finish Shown in Lyptus with Mission Maple Finish Shown in Lyptus with Mission Maple Finish MFP766DR · 66"W x 21"D x 47"H MFP762DR · 62"W x 21"D x 37"H MFP741AM · 40"W x 21"D x 72"H Millcraft Furniture is a solid hardwood bedroom furniture builder nestled in the hills of Holmes County, OH. -
Prunus Mahaleb
Prunus mahaleb Prunus mahaleb in Europe: distribution, habitat, usage and threats I. Popescu, G. Caudullo Prunus mahaleb L., commonly known as mahaleb cherry, forest edge it creates a scrub vegetation community together is a shrub or small tree with white flowers, producing dark with other shrubby species of the genera Rosa, Rubus, Prunus red edible plums. It is native to Central-South Europe and and Cornus, and other thermophile shrubs such as spindle tree North Africa, extending its range up to Central Asia. It is a (Euonymus europaeus), hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna), wild pioneer thermophilous plant, growing in open woodlands, privet (Ligustrum vulgare), etc.5, 19, 20. forest margins and riverbanks. Mahaleb cherry has been used for centuries for its fruits Frequency and its almond-tasting seeds inside the stone, especially in East < 25% Europe and the Middle East. More recently this plant has been 25% - 50% 50% - 75% used in horticulture as a frost-resistant rootstock for cherry > 75% Chorology plants. The mahaleb cherry, or St. Lucie’s cherry, (Prunus mahaleb Native L.) is a deciduous shrub or small tree, reaching 10 m tall. The 1-4 bark is dark brown, smooth and glossy . The young twigs are Ovate simple leaves with pointed tips and finely toothed margins. glandular with yellowish-grey hairs, becoming later brownish and (Copyright Andrey Zharkikh, www.flickr.com: CC-BY) hairless1, 3. The leaves are alternate, 4-7 cm long, broadly ovate, pointed, base rounded to almost cordate, margins finely saw- Threats and Diseases toothed, with marginal glands, glossy above and slightly hairy The mahaleb cherry is susceptible to fungi such as bracket along the midrib beneath. -
Tart Cherries in the Garden Sheriden Hansen, Tiffany Maughan, Brian Barlow, and Brent Black
September 2018 Horticulture/Fruit/2018-03pr Tart Cherries in the Garden Sheriden Hansen, Tiffany Maughan, Brian Barlow, and Brent Black Summary recommendations. A basic soil test will tell you the soil Tart cherry (Prunus cerasus), also known as sour cherry texture, pH, salinity, and will provide recommendations or pie cherry, is an excellent addition to home orchards. for soil nutrients. Amendments and some fertilizers A single tree can produce an abundant supply of cherries should be incorporated into the soil before planting. Tart for canning, drying, freezing, juicing, jams, preserves, cherries thrive in well-drained, loamy soil. Avoid heavy and baking. The trees are medium-sized, grow at a clay soils that remain wet as this can promote root rot moderate rate and can easily be tucked into a backyard and prevent trees from thriving. The ideal soil pH is 7.0, landscape. but tart cherries are adaptable and can be productive in alkaline soils with a pH below 8.0. Tart cherry is a member of the genus Prunus which is comprised of the stone fruits such as nectarine, peach, Rootstocks: Fruit trees are commonly grafted to and almond. Tart cherry is closely related to sweet rootstocks to control tree size and other characteristics. cherry (Prunus avium); however, tart cherry fruit is more The standard rootstock for tart cherry is ‘Mahaleb’. acidic, contains more juice, and is less firm than sweet Trees produced on ‘Mahaleb’ rootstocks are considered cherries. Tart cherry is native to an area in Hungary and full size trees and are typically 20 feet tall and wide. -
Molecular Characterisation of Sweet Cherry (Prunus Avium L.) Genotypes Using Peach [Prunus Persica (L.) Batsch] SSR Sequences
Heredity (2002) 89, 56–63 2002 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved 0018-067X/02 $25.00 www.nature.com/hdy Molecular characterisation of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) genotypes using peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] SSR sequences AWu¨ nsch1 and JI Hormaza1,2 1Unidad de Fruticultura, Servicio de Investigacio´n Agroalimentaria, Campus de Aula Dei, Zaragoza, Spain A total of 76 sweet cherry genotypes were screened with 3.7 while the mean heterozygosity over the nine polymorphic 34 microsatellite primer pairs previously developed in peach. loci averaged 0.49. The results demonstrate the usefulness Amplification of SSR loci was obtained for 24 of the of cross-species transferability of microsatellite sequences microsatellite primer pairs, and 14 of them produced poly- allowing the discrimination of different genotypes of a fruit morphic amplification patterns. On the basis of polymor- tree species with sequences developed in other species of phism and quality of amplification, a set of nine primer pairs the same genus. UPGMA cluster analysis of the similarity and the resulting 27 informative alleles were used to identify data divided the ancient genotypes studied into two fairly 72 genotype profiles. Of these, 68 correspond to unique cul- well-defined groups that reflect their geographic origin, tivar genotypes, and the remaining four correspond to three one with genotypes originating in southern Europe and the cultivars that could not be differentiated from the two original other with the genotypes from northern Europe and North genotypes of which they are mutants, and two very closely America. related cultivars. The mean number of alleles per locus was Heredity (2002) 89, 56–63. -
Interior Doors & Millwork
INTERIOR DOORS & MILLWORK 4 built to last 6 wood species 7 stain & paint colors 8 interior doors 10 flat & raised panel wood & MDF doors 14 additional wood door configurations 16 molded panel doors 17 flush doors 18 glass & pantry doors 19 MDF full lite with modern sticking 20 louvered doors INTERIOR 20 pocket door frames 21 wood storm & screen doors 22 custom millwork & doors MILLWORK 28 barn doors 30 levers, knobs, keypads & hinges COLLECTION 32 mouldings 34 casing 36 back band Providing superior building materials, 38 base 40 base cap & base shoe dedicated customer service, and support 40 skirt boards 41 crown & bed moulding since 1903. Badger’s commitment is 41 cove 42 round moulding uncompromised, and the materials that 43 stop 44 outside corner we select are of the highest quality in the 44 screen moulding industry. Discover our interior millwork 44 mull center & lattice 45 panel moulding & chair rail collection and choose from endless 45 panel cap 46 stair parts combinations of options. 48 iron balusters 54 wood newels & balusters 56 box newels 58 iron accessories 59 handrail & brackets 60 false tread, treads, risers, & stair lineals 61 fittings & starting steps 62 door handing 66 molded panel doors design & size options EFFICIENT PACKAGING BUILT TO LAST Our packaging system makes installation at the job site much easier: • all prehungs are individually labeled for: door species, style, size, swing, Badger millwork is built to last. Each piece is meticulously specific machining and room labeled if requested tracked and completed throughout each stage of production. • customers can unload pallets off our trucks and deliver right to their Quality materials and handcrafted details come together in the jobsite — less handing results in less damage, time efficiency and money production process, carefully hand-assembled and packaged, saved for customers ready for delivery. -
Janka Hardness Chart
Brenco Exotic Woods Janka Chart African Blackwood (Dalbergia melanoxylon) 4050 Kampanga / Snake Bean (Swartzia madagascariensis) 3690 Ipe (Tabebula serratifolia) 3680 Leadwood (Krugiodendron ferreum) 3660 Cumarurana (Taralea oppositifolia) 3590 Cumaru (Dipteryx odorata) 3540 Azobe (Lophira alata) 3350 Ebony Gaboon (Diospyros crassiflora) 3220 Rhodesian / Zambezi Teak (Baikiaea plurijuga) 2990 Pau Rosa / Dina (Swartzia fistuloides) 2940 Tali (Erythrophleum suaveolens) 2920 Jatoba (Hymenaea courbaril) 2820 Afina (Strombosia glaucescens) 2780 Okan (Cylicodiscus gabunensis) 2780 Pearwood African - Aboga (Mimusops lacera) 2730 Purpleheart South American (Peltogyne paniculata) 2710 Sucupira (Bowdichia nitida) 2700 Niove (Staudtia stipitata) 2680 Apomé (Cynometra ananta) 2630 Ataa (Pentaclethra macrophylla) 2580 Eveuss (Klainedoxa gabonensis) 2550 Missanda (Erythrophleum africanum) 2513 Difou (Morus mesozygia) 2400 Greenheart (Chlorocardium rodiei) 2350 Mufuka (Marquesia macroura) 2318 Mukulungu (Austanella congolensis) 2310 Mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) 2340 Muhuhu (Brachylaena hutchinsii) 2190 Essia (Combretodendron macrocarpum) 2180 Tigerwood (Astronium graveolens) 2160 Danta - Akumaba (Nesogordonia papaverifera) 2140 Sucupira - Tatabu (Diplotropis purpurea) 2140 African Rosewood / Copalwood Rhodesian (Guibourtia coleosperma) 2090 Chanfuta (Afzelia quanzensis) 2020 Vessambata / African Oak (Oldfieldia africana) 1990 Bubinga (Guibourtia demeusei) 1980 Danta - Kamema (Nesogordonia kabingaensis) 1940 Pecan (Carya illinoensis) Pecan Hickory