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2 Volumes. Volume 1. I DESIGNING A COLONIAL CHURCH: CHURCH BUILDING IN NEW SOUTH WALES 1788-1888. Eleanor Joan Kerr D. Phil. University of York . Institute of Advanced Architectural Studies October, 1977- 2 volumes. Volume 1. i BEST COPY AVAILABLE Variable print quality ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. Libraries: Mitchell Library, Sydney; R. I. B. A. Library and Drawings Collection, London; Cocnunonwealth Institute Library, London; I. A. A. S. Library, York (Keith Parker, librarian); Downside Abbey Archives, (Dom Bath Philip Jobb); Bruce Godward's private Australasian collection, York; St Mary's Cathedral Archives, Sydney (Mgr Duffy); Architecture Library, University of N. S. W.; U. S. P. G. Library, London; Minster Library, York (Bernard Barr); Sydney (Mr University Archives Fischer); Public Library of N. S. W., Sydney; Fisher Library, University of Sydney; Newcastle Public Library, N. S. W.; Moore College Library, Sydney (Rev. Neil MacIntosh); National Trust (N. ) (John of Australia S. W. - files and records Morris); J. B. Morrell Library, University of York; Public Records Office, London; Catholic Central Library, London; Archives Office of New South Wales; Birmingham Archives Office and Art Gallery; Borthwick Institute, York (Dr Shields); Leeds Public Library; University of London Library, Courtauld Institute Library; Victoria and Albert Museum; and the British Library. A major omission is the Sydney Diocesan Library at St Andrew's Cathedral. No records, faculties, etc., are available to students. Others: Thanks to: hundreds of clergy for allowing me to visit, photograph and measure their churches; Sir Nikolaus Pevsner for initial teaching and continuing encouragement; Bernard Smith for supervising my Australian research year; Derek Linstrum for supervision at York; Ben Weinreb, for allowing nie to use his bookshop as a library when R. I. B. A. and the ß. D1. were unable to help; Clive Lucas and James Broadbent for Australian church material; John Hutchinson and Christopher Wilson for English background help; David O'Connor, Martin Harrison, and Dana Giedrietyte, for stained Class information; Ian Sutton, Emily Lane, and David Alexander, for hospitality and criticism; and Marjorie Barker for typing. Special thanks to: the University of Sydney for awarding me the Eleanor Sophia Wood Travelling Scholarship for 1976; Father Philip Jebb for his hospitality at Downside; Bruce Godward for allowing me to visit him almost every Friday for a year and a half to read his books; and Jim Kerr for drawing my figs, taking most of my Photographs, reading my text, and helping generally and regularly. ii DECLARATION Some of the material used in chapters 2,3,4 and 5 has been taken from my M. A. thesis for the University of Sydney (1975) on 'The Development of the Gothic Taste in New South Wales up to 1845, as exemplified in the Churches of the Colony'. This was very largely involved with discussing the building history of every Early Gothic Revival Church in the colony, and the material has been very much compressed and re-written for this thesis. Much additional material has also been added to these chapters. iii ABSTRACT DESIGNING A COLONIAL CHURCH: CHURCH BUILDING IN NEW SOUTH WALES 1788-1888. By Eleanor Joan Kerr. D. Phil. University of York Institute of Advanced Architectural Studies. October 1977" The thesis analyses the stylistic development of church architecture in N. S. W. during its first hundred years and relates local styles to their English sources. It ranges from simple wooden or earth structures to elaborate Gothic Revival cathedrals, and includes all denominational types as well as important individual 400 buildings. About churches are illustrated and discussed in the text. Stylistic groupings fall into five main periods: early colonial Georgian and Regency types; 'Church Act' buildings of 1836-1846; Early Victorian archeological Gothic churches; -various High Victorian styles; and some Late Victorian local and English designs. The interrelationship of patrons, English sources, and local architects, is a major theme, and the importance of each on the design of a church is distinguished for both individual examples and period styles. There is an appendix giving a preliminary listing of architectural books known to have been in N. S. W. arranged under their owners - architects, patrons and libraries - and a comprehensive bibliography of Australian and English. material. (432 pp., plus notes, appendix and bibliography; 46 figs, 346 plates. ) " iv CONTENTS Volume I i Title page ............................... ". " ii Acknowledgements ............................ 111 Declaration ................................. Abstract iv .............. ".. " .................. Contents ". """""""""""""""""""""""""""""". """ v List of figs in text ........................ vi Introduction 1 ................................ 4 chapter 1: THE COLONIAL CLASSICAL CHURCH .. 40 chapter 2: GOTHICK FOLLY .................. 86 chapter 3: AMATEURS AND ARTISANS .......... 4: 137 chapter STYLISTIC PRETENSIONS .......... chapter 5: EARLY VICTORIAN 179 6: 226 chapter CATHOLIC CHURCHES ....... .. 263 chapter 7: MID CENTURY ANGLOMANIA ......... 8: 300 chapter ROUND ARCHES ................... 330 chapter 9: RUSKINIAN AND ROGUE GOTHIC ..... 369 chapter 10: HIGH VICTORIAN ANGLICAN GOTHIC . 397 chapter 11: HORBURY HUNT ................... 425 Conclusion .............. """"""""""". """""""" Volume II 1 Title page .................................. 2 Contents of volume II ......:................ Acknowledgements and Notes on the Text ...... 3 Appendix: Architectural Books known to have been in New South Wales -a Preliminary Listing. A. Architects ................... 73 B. Patrons ...................... 93 Libraries 97 C. .................... Bibliography: A. General and Abbreviations .... 101 B. Newspapers and Periodicals ... 102 C. Australian I Primary ....... 105 II Secondary ..... 113 III Monographs .... 120 D. English and American I Primary ....... 123 II Secondary ..... 132 List of Plates ...............:......... ".... 137 Plates ...................................... 162 " V List of Fifes in Text. Chapter 1. Rev. Richard Johnson; Plan and Elevation of a temporary place of Worship at Sydney, New South Wales: Moore Papers 22/5 and 22/7 Lambeth Palace library. 2 'Sydney Church, as the Walls of. Stone and Brick tower, were first erected, and fell down': Banks Papers, Bligh to Basks 1806-11, Vol. 22, A85, 271 (ML p. microfilm FM4/1753) . Re-drawn. 3 'Plan and Elevation of a Church Built at Parramatta New South Wales during the Government of John Hunter Esg1 1800' David Collins, Account of the English Colony of New South Wales, London, 1804, Vol. II, plate facing p. 310. 4 'Front view of Parramatta Church. Not any view inside as the Church not finished. Tower will require to be rebuilt': Banks Papers, Bligh to Banks 1806-11, Vol. 22, A85, p. 255. Re-drawn. 5 Francis Greenway, 'St Matthew's Church, Windsor, New South Wales': elevation and plan drawn by W. Hardy Wilson, National Library of Australia, Canberra. 6 Francis Greenway, The Clifton Hotel and assembly Rooms: Elevation towards the Mall: Walter Ison, The Georgian Buildings of Bristol, Faber and Faber, 1952, P. 132 fig 16. 7 John Nash(? ), Royal Dockyard Church, H. M. Naval Dockyard, Chatham, Kent (completed 1808): sketch by W. J. S. Kerr. 8 Francis Greenway, Plan and Elevation of Liverpool Church 1817-21), as inaccurately drawn by Standish Lawrence Harris in his- 'Report and Expose' 1821&, Vol. III, p. 53" vi 9 Francis Greenway, 'Interior of St James' Church ML. Sydney 1831 drawn by Wni Bradridge Sen. Archt' , 10 'Interior of St James' Church Sydney, 18143: New South Wale Magazine, October 1843, frontespiece. (This arrangement was designed by John Bibb - see Bibb Plans, ML D7). 1 Francis Greenway, Plan and Elevation of Windsor Church as depicted by S. L. Harris in his 'Report and Expose', 1824, Vol. III, p. 1. 12 Francis Lawless, Elevation of St Peter's Church of England, Campbelltown (c. 1820-22), as depicted by S. L. Harris in his 'Report and Expose', 182+, Vol. III, p. 13. 13 Francis Clarke, St Peter's Church of England, Richmond, N. S. W. (1836-41): drawn by W. Hardy Wilson, National Library of Australia, Canberra. 14 Francis Clarke, 'Design for S. C. Church Penrith, 1840: Office copy - Francis Clarke Archt', NSITSA, CSLR 4/2521.3, Bishop of Australia, 1841. Re-drawn seating plan. 15 Robert Russell, 'Sketch of Plan and Side Elevation of Saint James' Church, Melbourne', NL: illustrated J. M. Freeland, Melbourne Churches 186-1d51 : an architectural record, Melbourne University Press, 19Z73, Plate 9. 16 Wesleyan Chapel, Princes Street (1817-19), Sydney: from J. Maclehose, The Picture of Sydney: and Strangers' Guide to New South Wales for 1838, Sydney 1836, p. 119. 17 Wesleyan Chapel, Macquarie Street, Sydney (1819- 1821): ibid., p. 137" 18 Friends Meeting House, Macquarie Street, Sydney (1835): ibid., p. 119. 19 Sndependent Chapel, Pitt Street, Sydney (1830-32): ibid., p. 100. vii 20 John Verge, Baptist Chapel, Bathurst Street, Sydney (1835-36): ibid., p. 100. Chapter 2. 21 'Sydney Church finished except the Inside - It will be completed about Christmas 1807. The Tower contains eight Bells,: Banks Papers, Bligh to Banks 1806-11, Vol. 22, A85, p. 275" 22 Parramatta Church as it was in 1810: PRO CO 323/140, illustrated Hazel King, 'Lieutenant John Watts and Macquarie's improvements to Parramatta; a Vote and a Document': JR. AHS, Vol. 59, June 1973, P" 150. 23 'Parramatta Church as improved by Captain Watts': ibid. 24+ 'Ground Plan of Parraniatta
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