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Maturity Characteristics of Pacific Saury During Fishing Season in the Northwest Pacific

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Maturity Characteristics of Pacific Saury During Fishing Season in the Northwest Pacific Journal of Marine Science and Technology, Vol. 23, No. 5, pp. 819-826 (2015) 819 DOI: 10.6119/JMST-015-0630-1 MATURITY CHARACTERISTICS OF PACIFIC SAURY DURING FISHING SEASON IN THE NORTHWEST PACIFIC Wen-Bin Huang and Yu-Chun Huang Key words: Cololabis saira, ovarian developmental stage, gona- 700 World dosomatic index (GSI), condition factor (CF), summer 600 fishing season. Taiwan 500 100 mt) 400 ABSTRACT × Pacific saury is a commercially important fish in the North- 300 west Pacific. This study examined the maturity characteristics, 200 gonadosomatic index (GSI), condition factor (CF), and ovar- Production ( ian developmental stage of the saury stock in three months of 100 the fishing season (from May to December) in the Northwest 0 Pacific. The maturity characteristics of saury varied among 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 these three months (May, July, and October) in 2009. In May, Year large GSI and CF values with advanced ovarian develop- Fig. 1. Variations in annual production of Pacific saury in the world (dot- mental stages but small knob lengths (KnL) and body weights ted line) and Taiwan (solid line) from 1985 to 2013 in the North (BW) were found. Also in this month, the large-sized saury Pacific. (> 29 cm) possessed large GSI values and the medium- and small-sized saury ( 29 cm) possessed large CF values. The I. INTRODUCTION GSI and CF values in July were similar to those in October while the KnLs and BWs of the former were larger than those Pacific saury, Cololabis saira (Brevoort), is a commer- of the latter. Most ovaries of the medium-sized saury (27-29 cially important fish in the Northwest Pacific. In the last cm) developed to early cortical alveoli stage (CA1) and late decades, annual catches of the saury in the world increased cortical alveoli stage in July and October, respectively. Few from 180,973 mt in 1988 to 622,119 mt in 2008 and then individuals (5 samples) possessed GSI values larger than 1.0. decreased to 460,961 mt in 2012 (FAO, 2015). Over the same Most saury were found at the CA1 stage, comprising 42.5- time, the saury catch of Taiwan increased from 12,794 mt in 57.8% of the monthly samples, and the most advanced ovarian 1988 to 139,514 mt in 2008 and then dramatically increased developmental stage was the secondary yolk stage and found to 161,514 mt in 2012 (Fig. 1). The saury production of only in May, comprising 2.0% of samples in May. From the Taiwan is the highest in the world since 2013 with a produc- point of view of maturity characteristics and body size for tion of 182,619 mt being larger than Japan, formerly the saury during the fishing season, it is suggested that it is better largest harvester. The Pacific saury fishery in Japan is an not to harvest saury early in May and that the fishing effort in inshore fishery since its fishing grounds are generally located July should be controlled in order to give the small and im- within the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of 200 nautical mature saury a couple more months to grow and mature for miles. The Pacific saury in the inshore waters have been well sustainable fishing. studied and documented since the 1950’s (Fukusima, 1958; Hotta, 1962; Fukushima, 1979; Novikov, 1982; Tian et al., 2003; Tian et al., 2004). In contrast, the saury in the offshore waters are mainly exploited by Taiwanese fishing fleets and biological information for the saury stock in this region is Paper submitted 06/24/14; revised 06/22/15; accepted 06/30/15. Author for correspondence: Wen-Bin Huang (e-mail: [email protected]). limited, particularly the biological parameters sensitive to the Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, National Dong ambient environments over life history, such as maturity status Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan. during a long distance migration for spawning. 820 Journal of Marine Science and Technology, Vol. 23, No. 5 (2015) Pacific saury migrates widely between waters of the su- 145°E 150°E 155°E 160°E barctic and subtropical North Pacific (Hubbs and Wisner, 1980). The physiological longevity of the saury is ca. two 50°N 50°N years (Suyama et al., 2006). It grows quickly to around 28-30 cm in the first year and reaches 30-33 cm in the second year (Suyama et al., 2006). Differentiation between age-zero and 45°N Jul. 45°N age-one saury is determined by a hyaline zone formed within Oct. the otolith during autumn and winter (Hotta, 1960; Suyama 40°N 40°N et al., 1992; Suyama et al., 1996). The saury migrates exten- May sively between the feeding grounds in the Oyashio waters around Hokkaido and the Kuril Islands in summer and the 35°N 35°N spawning areas in the Kuroshio waters off southern Japan in 145°E 150°E 155°E 160°E winter (Fukushima, 1979; Kosaka, 2000). In addition to matu- ration and spawning, this annual migratory cycle of the Pacific Fig. 2. Map of sampling locations of Pacific saury in May, July and Octo- saury is considered to seek for suitable water temperatures ber, 2009 in the Northwest Pacific. (Odate, 1977) and the optimal utilization of planktonic food resources (Sugisaki and Kurita, 2004) at various develop- (2002). Among these studies, fishing gear used for specimen mental stages in the life history. Most of the adults mature and collections was not consistent, including gill nets, dip nets, are ready for spawning during their southward migration stick-held nets, and set nets. Selectivity of various fishing (Kosaka, 2000; Kurita, 2001). The saury migratory groups gears could result in different results of maturity examination were distributed mostly in areas where the sea surface tem- for fish. For example, GSI of the saury caught by the torch- perature ranged between 10 and 20C with a high aggregation light method has been reported to be lower than that caught by around 15C, implying that 15C is the preferred temperature gill nets at the same time and waters (Hatanaka et al., 1953). for saury to aggregate intensively for the spawning migration In addition, no document illustrated the reproductive status of (Huang et al., 2007). the saury in the commercial catch from the offshore waters. Spawning season of the saury continues generally from In order to maintain the sustainable utilization of the saury autumn to winter with a major spawning period in winter and stock under an increased exploitation rate, any new spatial and extends to spring of the following year (Watanabe and Lo, temporal exploitation of this species resource and its impacts 1989). The saury generally spawns several times during a should be carefully scrutinized. Following on the increasing single spawning season judging from the asynchronous de- catch of saury in the offshore waters, importance and urgency velopment of oocytes in its ovary (Hatanaka, 1955; Suyama to understand the reproductive status of the saury from the et al., 1996; Kosaka, 2000; Suyama, 2002). While the saury offshore waters are increasing. In particular, the gap in knowl- body lengths at maturation varied with where they were caught edge of reproductive status for saury in the earlier than cus- (Kurita et al., 2002), the smallest mature fish was 25.3 cm, tomary (autumn) fishing time, the summer fishing season when the majority of the spawning stock was fish of larger than no saury fishery operated a decade ago, should be filled. 28.0 cm (Suyama, 2002). Under laboratory conditions, the Therefore, the objective of this study is to examine and com- first spawning was 243 days after hatching and mean knob pare the maturity characteristics, GSI, CF, and ovarian de- length (KnL, from tip of lower jaw to posterior end of mus- velopment stage (ODS) of the saury stock during the summer cular knob on caudal peduncle) at the beginning of spawning fishing season (May-July) and the autumn fishing season was about 25.0 cm (Nakaya et al., 2009). Development (August-December) in the Northwest Pacific. stages of ovarian eggs for saury were defined by histological methods and relationships of the ovarian developmental stages to KnLs, BWs, ovary weights, gonad somatic indices II. MATERIALS AND METHODS (GSIs), and condition factors (CFs) were documented (Suyama et al., 1996; Kosaka, 2000; Suyama, 2002). 1. Sample Collection and Treatments Generally, fishing season for saury begins in August and Since the Taiwanese fishing fleet begins fishing saury in continues through mid-December, coinciding with the south- May, 180 females were randomly collected from the catch of ward migration period of saury (Fukushima, 1979; Huang both May and July and treated as specimens of the summer et al., 2007). However, summer fishing season, from May to fishing season. Also, 180 females were collected randomly in July, has been practiced exclusively in the offshore waters by October, the month of most abundant saury (Huang, 2010), the Taiwanese fishing fleets since 2005. There have been and treated as specimens of the autumn fishing season. These some scientific studies examining saury maturity during specimens were caught by a Taiwanese saury fishing vessel summer, including the maturation in the Central North Pacific with the stick-held net at locations of 157.3E and 39.3N, Ocean by Suyama et al. (1996), the reproduction in life history 156.6E and 44.4N, and 154.2E and 42.8N on 24 May, 16 by Kosaka (2000), and the maturation process by Suyama July, and 15 October, 2009, respectively (Fig. 2). Sea water W.-B. Huang and Y.-C. Huang: Saury Maturity during Fishing Season 821 Table 1.
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