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Dnieper River Basin Management Plan in Belarus

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Dnieper River Basin Management Plan in Belarus European Union Water Initiative Plus for Eastern Partnership Countries (EUWI+): Results 2 and 3 ENI/2016/372-403 DNIEPER RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT PLAN IN BELARUS Report Minsk, October 2018 Responsible EU member state consortium project leader Ms Josiane Mongellaz, Office International de l’Eau/International Office for Water (FR) EUWI+ country representative in Belarus Mr Alexandr Stankevich Responsible international thematic lead expert Mr Philippe Seguin, Office International de l’Eau/International Office for Water (FR) Responsible Belarusian thematic lead expert Ms Tatiana Slizh (Ministry of Natural Resources and Environ-mental Protection) Authors Mr Ivan Bulak Mr Vladimir Korneev Mr Aliaksander Pakhomau Disclaimer: The EU-funded program European Union Water Initiative Plus for Eastern Partnership Countries (EUWI+ 4 EaP) is implemented by the UNECE, OECD, responsible for the implementation of Result 1 and an EU member state consortium of Austria, managed by the lead coordinator Umweltbundesamt, and of France, managed by the International Office for Water, responsible for the implementation of Result 2 and 3. This document, the “Dnieper River Basin Management Plan in Belarus”, was produced by the EU member state consortium with the financial assistance of the European Union. The views expressed herein can in no way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the European Union or the Governments of the Eastern Partnership Coun- tries. This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of, or sovereignty over, any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries, and to the name of any territory, city or area. Imprint Owner and Editor: EU Member State Consortium Office International de l’Eau/International Office for Water 21/23 rue de Madrid 75008 Paris, FRANCE October 2018 Dnieper River Basin Management Plan in Belarus Report CONTENTS 1 Executive summary ............................................................................................................................ 7 2 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS .............................................................................................................. 9 3 PREAMBLE ...................................................................................................................................... 12 4 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DNIEPER RIVER BASIN ON THE TERRITORY OF BELARUS ......................................................................................................................................... 14 4.1 Physical and geographical characteristics................................................................................ 14 4.1.1 Geographical location of the basin ................................................................................. 14 4.1.2 Climate ........................................................................................................................... 17 4.1.3 Geological structure ....................................................................................................... 17 4.1.4 Soils and vegetation ....................................................................................................... 18 4.2 Administrative territorial division and social and economic information ................................... 19 4.2.1 Administrative territorial division and social and population ........................................... 19 4.2.2 Agriculture (plant production, animal husbandry) ........................................................... 23 4.2.3 Fish breeding .................................................................................................................. 24 4.2.4 Forestry .......................................................................................................................... 25 4.2.5 Manufacturing ................................................................................................................. 25 4.2.6 Hydraulic power industry ................................................................................................ 28 4.2.7 Accumulation of waste ................................................................................................... 28 4.2.8 Shipping industry ............................................................................................................ 29 4.2.9 Tourism and recreational use of water bodies ............................................................... 29 4.2.10 Linear infrastructure ....................................................................................................... 30 4.3 Water resources ....................................................................................................................... 32 4.3.1 Hydrographic network .................................................................................................... 32 4.3.2 Surface water resources ................................................................................................ 42 4.3.3 Groundwater ................................................................................................................... 45 5 DETERMINATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES OF THE RIVER BASIN AND THEIR SOLUTION ....................................................................................................................................... 50 5.1 General analysis of water use and environmental issues ........................................................ 50 5.2 Impact assessment of point sources of pollution ...................................................................... 56 5.3 Impact assessment of diffuse sources of pollution ................................................................... 57 5.4 Hydromorphological changes of water bodies.......................................................................... 62 5.5 Other pressures (filtration fields, landfills for municipal and industrial wastes, radioactive contamination, spread of alien species, road infrastructure) .................................................... 66 5.6 Other pressures associated with hydrometeorological dangerous phenomena, including climate change and possible changes in anthropogenic pressure ........................................... 67 ENI/2016/372-403 3 Dnieper River Basin Management Plan in Belarus Report 5.6.1 Floods ............................................................................................................................. 68 5.6.2 2.6.2 Low-water seasons ............................................................................................... 69 5.6.3 2.6.3 Erosion processes ................................................................................................. 70 5.7 2.7. Risk analysis ...................................................................................................................... 70 5.7.1 2.7.1 Results of the research on perspective use of water resources ........................... 70 5.7.2 2.7.2 Surface water bodies which are at risk of not achieving good ecological state (status) ................................................................................................................... 76 5.7.3 2.7.3 Groundwater at risk ............................................................................................... 80 6 INFORMATION ON PROTECTED AREAS ..................................................................................... 84 6.1 3.1 Protective sanitary zones of drinking water supply sources ............................................... 84 6.2 3.2 Economically significant species (fish, shells) .................................................................... 84 6.3 3.3 Bathing waters .................................................................................................................... 85 6.4 3.4. Water protection zones and vulnerable areas of water bodies ......................................... 85 6.5 3.5 Characteristics of specially protected natural areas for the preservation of specially protected species of flora and fauna ........................................................................................ 87 7 SURFACE WATER AND GROUNDWATER MONITORING, INCLUDING THE SCHEME OF location OF OBSERVATIONS POINTS OF THE GOVERNMENTAL monitoring network OF SURFACE AND groundwater state AND SUGGESTIONS FOR ITS OPTIMIZATION ................... 90 7.1 4.1 Monitoring ........................................................................................................................... 90 7.1.1 4.1.1 Surface waters ...................................................................................................... 90 7.1.2 4.1.2 Groundwater ......................................................................................................... 91 7.2 4.1.3 Suggestions for the optimization of the existing observation network (prospective development of the monitoring system) .................................................................................... 92 7.3 4.2 Actions for determining the ecological status of surface water objects .............................. 97 7.3.1 4.2.1 Surface waters ...................................................................................................... 97 7.3.2 4.2.2 Groundwater ........................................................................................................ 100 8 ENVIRONMENTAL OBJECTIVES AND SOLUTIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES OF THE DNIEPER BASIN ..................................................................................................................
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