DOCSLIB.ORG

RESTRICTED WT/TPR/S/297 15 April 2014

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
RESTRICTED WT/TPR/S/297 15 April 2014 RESTRICTED WT/TPR/S/297 15 April 2014 (14-2330) Page: 1/81 Trade Policy Review Body TRADE POLICY REVIEW REPORT BY THE SECRETARIAT MONGOLIA This report, prepared for the second Trade Policy Review of Mongolia, has been drawn up by the WTO Secretariat on its own responsibility. The Secretariat has, as required by the Agreement establishing the Trade Policy Review Mechanism (Annex 3 of the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization), sought clarification from Mongolia on its trade policies and practices. Any technical questions arising from this report may be addressed to Messrs Masahiro Hayafuji (tel: 022/739 5873), and John Finn (tel: 022/739 5081). Document WT/TPR/G/297 contains the policy statement submitted by Mongolia. Note: This report is subject to restricted circulation and press embargo until the end of the first session of the meeting of the Trade Policy Review Body on Mongolia. This report was drafted in English. WT/TPR/S/297 • Mongolia - 2 - CONTENTS SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................ 7 1 ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT .......................................................................................... 9 1.1 Recent Economic Developments .................................................................................... 9 1.2 Trade Performance .....................................................................................................11 1.2.1 Composition of trade ................................................................................................11 1.2.2 Direction of trade .....................................................................................................11 1.3 Foreign Direct Investment ...........................................................................................13 2 TRADE AND INVESTMENT REGIME ............................................................................ 15 2.1 General Framework ....................................................................................................15 2.2 Legal system .............................................................................................................16 2.3 Trade Policy Objectives ...............................................................................................16 2.3.1 Trade related law .....................................................................................................17 2.4 Trade Agreements and Arrangements ...........................................................................19 2.4.1 WTO ......................................................................................................................19 2.4.2 Other regional and bilateral agreements .....................................................................20 2.5 Investment Regime ....................................................................................................21 3 TRADE POLICIES AND PRACTICES BY MEASURE ........................................................ 23 3.1 Measures Directly Affecting Imports ..............................................................................23 3.1.1 Customs procedures and requirements .......................................................................23 3.1.2 Customs valuation ...................................................................................................24 3.1.3 Rules of origin .........................................................................................................25 3.1.4 Tariffs ....................................................................................................................25 3.1.4.1 Overview .............................................................................................................25 3.1.4.2 Tariff structure .....................................................................................................25 3.1.4.3 Bound rates .........................................................................................................25 3.1.4.4 Applied MFN rates .................................................................................................26 3.1.4.5 Tariff escalation, tariff ranges, and tariff peaks .........................................................26 3.1.4.6 Tariff-rate quotas ..................................................................................................26 3.1.5 Import prohibitions, restrictions, and licensing ............................................................26 3.1.6 Anti-Dumping, countervailing, and safeguard measures ................................................29 3.1.7 Standards and other technical requirements ...............................................................29 3.1.8 Sanitary and phytosanitary requirements ....................................................................30 3.1.9 Other measures .......................................................................................................30 3.2 Measures Directly Affecting Exports ..............................................................................30 3.2.1 Export procedures and requirements ..........................................................................30 3.2.2 Export taxes, charges, and levies ...............................................................................31 3.2.3 Export prohibitions, restrictions, and licensing .............................................................31 3.2.4 Export support and promotion ...................................................................................31 3.2.4.1 Tax concessions and subsidies for exporters .............................................................31 WT/TPR/S/297 • Mongolia - 3 - 3.2.4.2 Free zones ...........................................................................................................32 3.2.4.3 Export financing, promotion, and marketing assistance ..............................................32 3.3 Measures Affecting Production and Trade .......................................................................32 3.3.1 Taxes and incentives ................................................................................................32 3.3.1.1 Corporate income tax ............................................................................................33 3.3.1.2 Value-added tax (VAT) ..........................................................................................33 3.3.1.3 Excise tax ............................................................................................................33 3.3.2 Competition policy and price controls .........................................................................35 3.3.3 State trading, state-owned enterprises, and privatization .............................................36 3.3.4 Government procurement .........................................................................................37 3.3.5 Intellectual property rights ........................................................................................37 3.3.5.1 Copyright and related rights ...................................................................................38 3.3.5.2 Patents ................................................................................................................38 3.3.5.3 Trade-marks and geographical indications ................................................................39 3.3.5.4 Plant varieties ......................................................................................................39 3.3.5.5 Layout designs of integrated circuits ........................................................................39 3.3.5.6 Trade secrets .......................................................................................................39 3.3.5.7 Parallel imports .....................................................................................................40 3.3.5.8 Enforcement .........................................................................................................40 4 TRADE POLICIES BY SECTOR ..................................................................................... 41 4.1 Agriculture .................................................................................................................41 4.1.1 Features .................................................................................................................41 4.1.2 Trade .....................................................................................................................43 4.1.3 Domestic policy .......................................................................................................44 4.1.3.1 National Programme for Food Security .....................................................................45 4.1.3.2 Third Crop Campaign .............................................................................................46 4.1.3.3 Livestock Programme ............................................................................................46 4.1.3.4 Index-based Livestock Insurance Programme ...........................................................46 4.1.4 Policy Impact ..........................................................................................................47 4.2 Mining and Energy ......................................................................................................47 4.2.1 Minerals .................................................................................................................47
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Doing Business G in Mongolia 2012
    www.pwc.com/mn Doing Business Guide 2010 - 2011 Doing Business Guide in Mongolia 2012 - 2013 Doing Business Guide 2012 - 2013 CONTENTS KEY STATISTICS 1. MONGOLIA – APROFILE 1.1 Introduction ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................65 1.2 Government structure.......................................................................................................................................................................................86 1.3 Legal System ................................................................................................9 1.4 People ..........................................................................................................9 1.5 Economy ....................................................................................................11 1.6 Foreign Trade ............................................................................................13 1.7 Mining in Mongolia....................................................................................13 2. BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT 2.1 Business Climate........................................................................................15 2.2. Free Trade Zones................................................................................................................................................................................. 1615 2.3 International Agreements..........................................................................16
    [Show full text]
  • THE ALTAY SAYAN ECO-REGION – the LAND of SNOW LEOPARD Travel Itinerary 30 July-8 August, 2018
    THE ALTAY SAYAN ECO-REGION – THE LAND OF SNOW LEOPARD Travel itinerary 30 July-8 August, 2018 Altay-Sayan Ecoregion (ASER) located in the center of Eurasia linking together Russia, Mongolia, China and Kazakhstan, lies on of the last remaining areas of practically pristine nature in the world. Encompassing an area the twice the size of France, the ecoregion hosts Snow leopard, Siberian lynx, Saiga antelope and one of the world largest sheep, the Altai argali. The area is also considered as one of the cradles of human origin and an extinct species or subspecies of human in the genus Homo – the Denisovan or Denisova hominin (currently carries the temporary names Homo sp. Altai, or Homo sapiens ssp. Denisova) – was first found in the remote cave in the Russian part of the Altai Mountains. Today, the ASER is a home to diverse ethnic groups that differ in their origins, religions, languages, household traditions, custom and economic activities since the ancient time. OUR TRIP THROUGH THE ASER The land of Snow leopards will be around 1100 kms over 9 days. The trip will start on 30 July with the arrival in Khovd town of Khovd province and will end on 7 August in Ulaangom town of Uvs province. This programme is only for general guidance and could be tailored to the actual circumstances on the ground. Trip route map DAY 1 TRIP TO KHUSTAI NATIONAL PARK & 30 July 2018 FLY OUT TO KHOVD CITY (~approximately 5 hours of net driving & 3 hours of flying) The accompanying team D. Batbold – the Country Representative of WWF Mongolia, B.
    [Show full text]
  • MONGOLIA CONSTRAINTS ANALYSIS a Diagnostic Study of the Most Binding Constraints to Economic Growth in Mongolia
    The production of this constraints analysis was led by the partner governments, and was used in the development of a Millennium Challenge Compact or threshold program. Although the preparation of the constraints analysis is a collaborative process, posting of the constraints analysis on this website does not constitute an endorsement by MCC of the content presented therein. 2014-001-1569-02 MONGOLIA CONSTRAINTS ANALYSIS A diagnostic study of the most binding constraints to economic growth in Mongolia August 18, 2016 Produced by National Secretariat for the Second Compact Agreement between the Government of Mongolia and the Millennium Challenge Corporation of the USA With technical assistance from the Millennium Challenge Corporation i Table of Contents Contents Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................................... i List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................... iv List of Tables ................................................................................................................................................ vi Glossary of Terms .......................................................................................................................................... viii 1. Executive Summary .................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Austria. Moments of Bliss
    www.austria.info 3 2 Klosterneuburg Austria. Vienna Salzburg 1 Innsbruck Moments of Bliss Graz A singular journey, a lifetime of memories. Ornate palaces. Imperial grandeur. Echoes of Mozart. Austria has long captured Email us for your new 2013 Austria Magazine “Moments of Bliss” at the spirit of a magnificent bygone era – but lately visitors have discovered the [email protected] country’s cutting edge, as well. Alongside the exploding wine scene, a sophisticated culinary movement has taken off. Farmers, chefs and innkeepers are For more information visit revisiting – and updating – their historical appreciation for all things seasonal and austria.info/au local. Meanwhile an art and design renaissance has captured attention around the Connect with us on world, and again shot Austria to the continent’s cultural centre. Let your clients facebook.com/austriatravelinfo know that they can enjoy numerous “Moments of Bliss” in Austria – read on below and catch a glimpse what Austria has to offer. 2_Castle of 3_Baroque Visionary Adventure Splendid things happen The mighty, 900-year-old when heaven and earth meet. fortress of Hohenwerfen, set in Truly one of the architectural a beautiful alpine setting high jewels of Austria, the baroque above the Salzachtal valley Klosterneuburg Monastery near Salzburg, allows visitors to bordering Vienna, has been a delve into military history, take centre of spiritual, economic, social and cultural life for 900 1_Dine on the move a tour of historic interiors, enjoy impressive falconry displays years. It is Austria’s oldest Historic, charming, legendary. This is how the Viennese like to and visit Austria’s first Falconry winery, and as the country’s describe their Giant Ferris Wheel, one of Vienna‘s most famous Museum.
    [Show full text]
  • Silk Road Air Pass: a CAREC Proposal
    Silk Road Air Pass: A CAREC proposal Revised Draft, 1 August 2020 This proposal/study was prepared for ADB by Brendan Sobie, Senior Aviation Specialist and Consultant for CAREC Table of Contents: Concept Introduction ……………………………………………………………. Page 2 Summary of Opportunities and Challenges …………………………… Page 3 Historic Examples of Air Passes and Lessons Learned ……………. Page 4 Silk Road Air Pass: The Objective …………………………………………… Page 9 Silk Road Air Pass: Regional International Flights …….…………… Page 11 Silk Road Air Pass: Domestic Flights ………………….…………………. Page 14 Silk Road Air Pass: Domestic Train Travel ..…………………………… Page 18 Silk Road Air Pass: the Two CAREC Regions of China ………….. Page 19 Silk Road Air Pass: Promoting Flights to/from CAREC …………… Page 21 Silk Road Air Pass: Sample Itineraries and Fares…. ………………. Page 23 Conclusion: Why Now? ……………………………………………………….. Page 26 Conclusion: Possible Conditions to Facilitate Success …………. Page 27 Addendum: Embracing New Technology ..………………………….. Page 28 Concept Introduction: Air passes have been used for over three decades by the airline and travel industries to facilitate travel within regions by offering a block of several one-way flights at a discount compared to buying the same flights separately. They are typically sold to tourists from outside the region planning a multi-stop itinerary. By selling a package of flights, often on several airlines, air passes can make travel within a region easier and more affordable, enabling tourists to visit more countries. While their overall track record is mixed, air passes have succeeded in the past at stimulating tourism in several regions, particularly regions that were suffering from high one-way air fares. In recent years one-way air fares have declined significantly in most regions, limiting the appeal of air passes.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Volatility Steadies the Climb
    WORLD AIRLINER CENSUS Global volatility steadies the climb Cirium Fleet Forecast’s latest outlook sees heady growth settling down to trend levels, with economic slowdown, rising oil prices and production rate challenges as factors Narrowbodies including A321neo will dominate deliveries over 2019-2038 Airbus DAN THISDELL & CHRIS SEYMOUR LONDON commercial jets and turboprops across most spiking above $100/barrel in mid-2014, the sectors has come down from a run of heady Brent Crude benchmark declined rapidly to a nybody who has been watching growth years, slowdown in this context should January 2016 low in the mid-$30s; the subse- the news for the past year cannot be read as a return to longer-term averages. In quent upturn peaked in the $80s a year ago. have missed some recurring head- other words, in commercial aviation, slow- Following a long dip during the second half Alines. In no particular order: US- down is still a long way from downturn. of 2018, oil has this year recovered to the China trade war, potential US-Iran hot war, And, Cirium observes, “a slowdown in high-$60s prevailing in July. US-Mexico trade tension, US-Europe trade growth rates should not be a surprise”. Eco- tension, interest rates rising, Chinese growth nomic indicators are showing “consistent de- RECESSION WORRIES stumbling, Europe facing populist backlash, cline” in all major regions, and the World What comes next is anybody’s guess, but it is longest economic recovery in history, US- Trade Organization’s global trade outlook is at worth noting that the sharp drop in prices that Canada commerce friction, bond and equity its weakest since 2010.
    [Show full text]
  • AH Istory of L and U Se in M Ongolia
    A H istory of L and Use in Mongolia A H istory of L and Use in Mongolia The Thirteenth Century to the Present ELIZABETH ENDICOTT A HISTORY OF LAND USE IN MONGOLIA Copyright © Elizabeth Endicott, 2012. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2012 978-1-137-26965-2 All rights reserved. First published in 2012 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN® in the United States— a division of St. Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Where this book is distributed in the UK, Europe and the rest of the world, this is by Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. I SBN 978-1-349-44403-8 ISBN 978-1-137-26966-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9781137269669 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data. Endicott, Elizabeth. A history of land use in Mongolia : the thirteenth century to the present / Elizabeth Endicott. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Land use—Mongolia—History. 2. Land use, Rural—Mongolia— History. 3. Rangelands—Mongolia—History. 4. Herders—Mongolia— History. I. Title. HD920.8.E53 2012 333.73Ј1309517—dc23 2012016618 A catalogue record of the book is available from the British Library. Design by Newgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd., Chennai, India. First
    [Show full text]
  • U.S.$5,000,000,000 GLOBAL MEDIUM TERM NOTE PROGRAM the GOVERNMENT of MONGOLIA Bofa Merrill Lynch Deutsche Bank HSBC J.P. Morgan
    INFORMATION MEMORANDUM U.S.$5,000,000,000 GLOBAL MEDIUM TERM NOTE PROGRAM THE GOVERNMENT OF MONGOLIA Under this U.S.$5,000,000,000 Global Medium Term Note Program (the “Program”), the Government of Mongolia (the “Issuer”) may from time to time issue notes (the “Notes”) denominated in any currency agreed between the Issuer and the relevant Dealer (as defined in “Subscription and Sale”). Notes may be issued in bearer or registered form (respectively, “Bearer Notes” and “Registered Notes”). The aggregate nominal amount of all Notes to be issued under the Program will not exceed U.S.$5,000,000,000 or its equivalent in other currencies at the time of agreement to issue. The Notes and any relative Receipts and Coupons (as defined herein), will constitute direct, unconditional, unsubordinated and (subject to the Terms and Conditions of the Notes (the “Conditions”)) unsecured obligations of the Issuer and rank pari passu without any preference among themselves and (save for certain obligations required to be preferred by law) equally with all other unsecured and unsubordinated debt obligations of the Issuer. The Notes may be issued on a continuing basis to one or more of the Dealers. References in this Information Memorandum to the relevant Dealer shall, in the case of an issue of Notes being (or intended to be) subscribed for by more than one Dealer, be to all Dealers agreeing to subscribe for such Notes. Approval in-principle has been granted for the listing and quotation of Notes that may be issued pursuant to the Program and which are agreed at or prior to the time of issue thereof to be so listed and quoted on the Singapore Exchange Securities Trading Limited (the “SGX-ST”).
    [Show full text]
  • Western-Built Jet and Turboprop Airliners
    WORLD AIRLINER CENSUS Data compiled from Flightglobal ACAS database flightglobal.com/acas EXPLANATORY NOTES The data in this census covers all commercial jet- and requirements, put into storage, and so on, and when airliners that have been temporarily removed from an turboprop-powered transport aircraft in service or on flying hours for three consecutive months are reported airline’s fleet and returned to the state may not be firm order with the world’s airlines, excluding aircraft as zero. shown as being with the airline for which they operate. that carry fewer than 14 passengers, or the equivalent The exception is where the aircraft is undergoing Russian aircraft tend to spend a long time parked in cargo. maintenance, where it will remain classified as active. before being permanently retired – much longer than The tables are in two sections, both of which have Aircraft awaiting a conversion will be shown as parked. equivalent Western aircraft – so it can be difficult to been compiled by Flightglobal ACAS research officer The region is dictated by operator base and does not establish the exact status of the “available fleet” John Wilding using Flightglobal’s ACAS database. necessarily indicate the area of operation. Options and (parked aircraft that could be returned to operation). Section one records the fleets of the Western-built letters of intent (where a firm contract has not been For more information on airliner types see our two- airliners, and the second section records the fleets of signed) are not included. Orders by, and aircraft with, part World Airliners Directory (Flight International, 27 Russian/CIS-built types.
    [Show full text]
  • Www . Ksp .Go.Kr
    Public-Private Infrastructure Investment and Deposit Insurance in Mongolia Public-Private Infrastructure www. Investment and Deposit Insurance in Mongolia ksp .go.kr 2011 Ministry of Strategy and Finance, Republic of Korea Government Complex 2, Gwacheon, 427-725, Korea Tel. 82-2-2150-7732 www.mosf.go.kr Korea Development Institute 130-740, P.O.Box 113 Hoegiro 49 Dongdaemun-gu Seoul Tel. 82-2-958-4114 www.kdi.re.kr Knowledge Sharing Program Center for International Development, KDI 2011 ● P.O. Box 113 Hoegiro 49 Dongdaemun-gu Seoul, 130-740 MINISTRY OF STRATEGY ● Tel. 02-958-4224 AND FINANCE Korea Development Institute ● www.ksp.go.kr Public-Private Infrastructure Investment and Deposit Insurance in Mongolia Public-Private Infrastructure Investment and Deposit Insurance in Mongolia Project Title Public-Private Infrastructure Investment and Deposit Insurance in Mongolia Prepared by Korea Development Institute (KDI) Supported by Ministry of Strategy and Finance (MOSF), Republic of Korea Prepared for The Government of Mongolia In cooperation with Ministry of Finance of the Government of Mongolia Program Directors MoonJoong Tcha, Managing Director, Center for International Development (CID), KDI Kwang-Eon Sul, Former Managing Director, CID, KDI Taihee Lee, Director, Policy Consultation Division, CID, KDI Project Officer Sae-Byul Chun, Research Associate, Policy Consultation Division, CID, KDI Project Manager Kang-Soo Kim, Research Fellow, KDI Authors Chapter 1: Hyungtai Kim, Research Fellow, KDI Tsend-Ayush Sosor, Senior Specialist, Ministry
    [Show full text]
  • CHANGE FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION CHG 2 Air Traffic Organization Policy Effective Date: November 8, 2018
    U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION JO 7340.2H CHANGE FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION CHG 2 Air Traffic Organization Policy Effective Date: November 8, 2018 SUBJ: Contractions 1. Purpose of This Change. This change transmits revised pages to Federal Aviation Administration Order JO 7340.2H, Contractions. 2. Audience. This change applies to all Air Traffic Organization (ATO) personnel and anyone using ATO directives. 3. Where Can I Find This Change? This change is available on the FAA website at http://faa.gov/air_traffic/publications and https://employees.faa.gov/tools_resources/orders_notices. 4. Distribution. This change is available online and will be distributed electronically to all offices that subscribe to receive email notification/access to it through the FAA website at http://faa.gov/air_traffic/publications. 5. Disposition of Transmittal. Retain this transmittal until superseded by a new basic order. 6. Page Control Chart. See the page control chart attachment. Original Signed By: Sharon Kurywchak Sharon Kurywchak Acting Director, Air Traffic Procedures Mission Support Services Air Traffic Organization Date: October 19, 2018 Distribution: Electronic Initiated By: AJV-0 Vice President, Mission Support Services 11/8/18 JO 7340.2H CHG 2 PAGE CONTROL CHART Change 2 REMOVE PAGES DATED INSERT PAGES DATED CAM 1−1 through CAM 1−38............ 7/19/18 CAM 1−1 through CAM 1−18........... 11/8/18 3−1−1 through 3−4−1................... 7/19/18 3−1−1 through 3−4−1.................. 11/8/18 Page Control Chart i 11/8/18 JO 7340.2H CHG 2 CHANGES, ADDITIONS, AND MODIFICATIONS Chapter 3. ICAO AIRCRAFT COMPANY/TELEPHONY/THREE-LETTER DESIGNATOR AND U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Investment Guide to Mongolia 2015
    Invest Mongolia Agency Create a Value in Mongolia INVEST MONGOLIA AGENCY 15141Government bld 11, Sambuu street 11, Chingeltei district, Ulaanbaatar, MONGOLIA Tel: (976-11) 326040, 320706 Fax: (976-11) 324076 INVESTMENT E-mail: [email protected] GUIDE TO MONGOLIA WWW.INVESTMONGOLIA.COM 2015 From the scene of a blueprint of our Nation, from the achievement of our mul- tilateral effort, we have built a strong, deep and friendly relationship over the past course of period of time with the nations from all over the world. It is indeed a privilege to introduce Mongolia’s investment environment to You through this small booklet. This guidebook hopefully gives you a direction to consider Mongolia as your next destination of business opportunities. We promise abundant opportunity for growth and benefits for every stake- holder through being one of the fastest growing economies globally, and offer a large mineral resources base that can be leveraged for value added processing. INVESTMENT GUIDE TO MONGOLIA 2015 Mongolia’s economy has been growing at double-digit rates in the last few years due to the development in the mining sector where we attracted substantial stake of our earnings. However, while mining industry plays the chief role of our earnings, we substantially encourage the non-mining industry through our economic and investment diversification policies. But to foster it, by making sure that Mongolia as a Nation welcomes the investment, we value and honor win-win situation by mak- ing Mongolian businesses environment smarter, innovative, and sophisticated. Country Profile Investment comes when the market is open, policies are supportive, govern- ment is stable, roadmaps are clear and opportunities are available.
    [Show full text]