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0 Send more information State ______Zip Code __ 1111111'1 I II New Series Vol. XXXI No. 6 • Whole Series Vol. LXI No. 2 • FEBRUARY, 1971 Letters 4 Editorials 5 Souls For Sale David Head 6 Internationalization of Missionaries Ell en Clark 14 Asian Missionaries in Sarawak 19 An Interview with Wu Ming I 21 Drug Abuse: Summons to Community Action Eun ice Jones Mathews 22 Welcome Wagon Lady-Religious Style Phil Homer 28 Educating for Change at Wilson Inn Amy Lee 30 Five Poems by Eric Benson 33 Letters from Overseas 34 Rural Newspapers in Literacy Role W indow on the UN 36 Books 40 The Moving Finger Writes 42 COVER Japanese Missionary in Nepal Toge Fujihira, from United Methodist Missions
Editor, Arthur J. Moore, Jr.; Managing Editor, Charles E. Brewster Planning and Coordination, Stanley J. Rowland, Jr.; Associate Editor, Ellen Clark Art Director, Roger C. Sadler; Staff Correspondent, Amy Lee
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PHOTOGRAPH IC CREDITS Pp. 6 , 7 , 8, (spot photos) , 9 (top, bottom rig ht ), 12 (top, left and right, center), Tim Smith ; Pp. 8 (bottom ), 9 (bottom, left ), 10-11 , Three Lions ; P. 12 (bottom ), Picto rial Parade ; P. 15 (left), Toge Fu jihira, from United Methodist Missions ; P. 15 (right ). Kyodan ; Pp. 16, 19 (top) , Trevor Hancock ; Pp. 19 (bottom I, 21 , Dennis Fraude ; Pp. 23, 25. 27, Hap Stewart ; Pp. 28, 29, Gary Rose; Pp. 30, 31 , Wilson Inn ; Pp. 36, 37, 38, 39, UN A FAI R PICTURE NEW LEASE ON LI FE I spent three weeks in Belfast July 10-29 as a guest of a Presbyterian minister's family. I This begins the nex t to the last year in had the opportunity of discussing the situation which Taiwan Methodism will have the old with many Protestants. I was given a copy of a type colonial, paternalistic relationship under very fair appraisal of things published by P------~ American Methodi m. Rejoice! Chinese col Northern Friends' Peace Board entitled "Orange leagues know how to run the church in Taiwan They work to undermine our yo uth. much better th an Westerners possibly could! and Green-A Quaker Study of Community Maybe I'm idealistic but I think the reason 1 It was indeed a large step forward when the Relations in orthem Ireland." I witnessed the we are over there is that just maybe what we Belfast parade on July 13; th ere were no in Taiwan Provisional Annual Conference voted have here is good and worth helping other peo for autonomy in 1972. Under autonomy the cidents that day. There were no riots while I ple to have. was in Belfast; there were several explosions Taiwan church will have its own conference MRS. DAYID FOSTEH chairman or president (instead of a bishop) directed against an Anny center nearby; the Scottville, Michi gan home of the Lord Justice nearby; and the home and its own leadership from top to bottom. of th e Rev. Martin Smythe, a Presbyterian min REMOVE .. . " DEATH MACHI NE" Already th e two districts have Chinese super ister and head of the Belfast Council, Order of As a participant in the U.S. peace move intendents. Orangemen; also a big explosion in a bank in the ment, I was deeply moved by th e Vo-Dinh "New lease on life" is an apt phra e to de shopping center. I traveled on the bus up and "Letter to an American Peacemaker", as well scribe what has been happening. Giving fo r down the Falls Road and the Shankill Road to as by his beautifull y haunting illustrations. all causes was up 25 percent for the confer observe damage and conditions. We also Thank you for publishing it; I onl y wish the ence year ending in mid-1970, over the year motored, without incident, over many parts article would receive wider circulation. before. Laymen and pa tors are planning a of scenic orthem Ireland. My fri ends are not As U.S. citi zens, we must be deeply con new Discipline for Taiwan ~l e th o di sm. Con Orangemen. They tried to give me a fair pic cerned about our own urgent problems nectional committees and local churches are ture of the situation, and efforts for ecu racism, militari sm, di vision, repression. But it doing very careful planning as regards finan ces menicity. I feel Professor Reik's article [De is too easy to become engulfed by our own and work programs. The recently recorded cember J is rather one-sided in its survey. She problems, at the expense of those who are our overall membership gain of nearl y six percent says she stayed in a Catholic home. Did she victims. We must indeed help "clean up the over th e year before can be considered fairly stay in a Protestant home to get their reac mess" in Vietnam. good in view of the slow growth rate in the tions? Our first obligation, as individuals, is to re past few years. Ian Paisley and Bernadette Devlin get all move ourselves from th e Death Machine that CAHLI LE AND RUTH PHILLIPS the publicity because of their extremism. The is destroying Vo-Dinh's homeland; but we can Taipei, Taiwan, R.O .C. person I am suggesting with a more ecu not stop there and still consider ourselves menical point of view is the Rev. Ray Davey of Christians. MISU NDERSTAND INGS Belfast. He is head of Corrymeela Community FRED N. BR EU KELMA N (Ten ) months have passed since my "minor whose aim is "that people meet, study and Dover, Delaware ity report" to the ( World ) Division, outlining play together ... they may learn through the my concerns regarding the Taiwan policy of Holy Spirit now to build a better Ireland and SUPREME COURT AND GOD The U.S. Supreme Court keeps God and the Board of Missions made known over a a better world." He is making a valiant effort year ago by the Consultation Team. in reconciliation. His work i going unsung in Christ out of the schools. Is the Supreme Court greater than God or Christ? It is true that my greatest concern expressed the U.S.A. therein has been modified by our annual con H ELEN WHITCOMB ALBERT PmcE ference. Certain local leadership has been Wes tfi eld, New Jersey Kane, Pennsylva nia emerging of a moderate and constructive na Miss Whitcomb is church secretary of the COWARDLY DESERTE RS ture, th at has served to stabilize the church. Presbyterian Church in W estfielcl . How can new/ WOHLD OUTLOOK justify th e However, th e pressures to which I have re printing of the anti-American article "Things fe rred are still there and I believe that there SOMEBODY ASKED US TO COME Hoped For" in the November, 1970 issue? will be need for some time to come for mis Your article in December, 1970, "\V'h y the \.Yhat have these cowardly deserters done sionaries to be affili ated with the annual con Vietnamese Vl'ant a Cease-fire" made me so for the advancement of God's Kingdom or the ference, and later, with the newly autonomous mad! If these people want peace so bad why betterment of our United States that makes church. Actu all y, it is in their current plan were we asked to enter this war and to give them worth even a passing thought? to request that certain missionaries be assigned our boys' li ves? Somebody asked us to come. Let's be Christians busy with letting others or re-assigned. They say if "Americans experienced just one know about God and His Son, and Americans Perhaps the most unfortunate aspect of the fraction of suffering the Vietnamese have en who are proud of our land. new Taiwan policy has been the misunder dured, the war would end tomorrow." What DOROTHY ( Mns. A. C. ) WtLur standings and alienation that has come out of do they think we lost over there in lives and Carthage, Misso uri it. However, there is far more hurt than anger the sorrow of each and everyone of us with in th e reaction of the local people. Now with SUPPORT FOR THE ENEMY th e loss of our boys? the good session of Annual Conference, Bishop '111hat of our boys over there in the North, have been a subscriber of new/ WonLD Taylor's ex planation of COSMOS' role, and OUTLOOK for about a year. I have had it. It is in prison camps, are we just to forget them th e very real hope of a new relationship as enol!gh to have the co ntinuous pro-commie and knock it up to a big mistake? partners in miss ion, the future looks much line in th e public press but when it comes They want us out, but they also want us brighter. \Ve certain ly are for an autonomou to clean up. the mess. This is one thing I from my Church, I become sick in th e stomach. church, but this one wi ll continue to need \.Yhat a joy you must be to the avowed enemies ca n't see. The orth bombs and blows up some support, some encouragement, some guid of Ameri ca. No wonder no progress can be people and buildings and they want us to fix ance and a great deal of love. Despite its long made at the "peace table" in Paris. Why should it. I say let the Communists fix it up. I'll soon history on the the Methodist Church they yield when by waiting a spell until the ~lainl a nd , bet you they won't. in Taiwan is a new creature, a fledging with Methodist Church builds up a head of steam From this article I get the impression that a bare 17 years of ex istence. I believe there for support of th e enemy of mankind, they th e man who wrote it is a Buddhist Well are some very difficult times ahead for it. The can achi eve th eir sa tanic a im ~ th e easy way. I'll bet that if Communism ever took over' events in the Presbyterian Church this ( past) It pai ns me to see the church of my fathers there would be no Buddhism or reli gion of summer should be an indication of what may wander off th e path es tablished by Christ and any kind. It would be so suppressed to the be ahead. Thi time, of all times, is one in his Apostles into socialism, ath eism and com point where they couldn't say the things that which I believe that a firm bond with the munism. God has been good to me and I had are against the government. Freedom, that is outside is needed. Isolation would be disas the big word. planned to leave a modest sum to m y Church trous. to carry on after I had crossed th e bar. I am THEODOK E F. COLE Another thing about McCarthyism. If the very disturbed. I too pray for Peace, not your Communists weren't in this country, with the kind . Tainan, Taiwan, R.O.C. hold they have, we wouldn't have the trouble l-IOWAJ'D KNEPPEH with riots and co llege burning we have now. Both Mr. Cole ancl the Phillipses are United Fairfield, Ohio Methodist missionaries.
4 [56) from ovember to May. Egypt is con over the years, fo r reasons more indica vinced that secure and recognized bor tive of national hubris than desire for ders would naturall y be the borders of peace. Egypt and Israel pre-June, 1967, but sees no contradiction The best fo rmula for peace remains By February 5, when the exten ion in inviting guerrilla leader Yassir Arafat the ecurity Council Resolution 242, of the cea e-fire along the Suez Canal to make speeches in Cairo about "vic which promises Israel all the recogni is scheduled to nd, Israel and Egypt to1y" over the Zionists. Such invitations tion she should require to have useful, if will have known one hundred and eighty are probably more for show than any not amicable, relations with the Arab days of decreased tension. If the cease thing else; Egypt now has as little heart states. Although the contents of the vari fire continues it will be because Israelis for the struggle of the Palestinians as, ous proposals submitted to Dr. Jarring and Egypti an like the idea that young say, the French do for the struggle of are not known, it is unlikely that any men are no longer being killed daily on Quebec separati sts. One hears frequently negoti ation worked out with hi m will be the Su ez front. But while that fact is from the Egyptians that the solution of fa r from the basic formula of 242. good for both sides, the indefin ite con the Pales tinian problem must be worked The United States can greatly aid the tinuation of th e cease-fire is only in the out between them and the Israelis; it is talks by continuing to insist that Israel interests of Israel. She does not have not the problem of Egypt. remain a part of them. The pretext for land to win back from an occupying The Egyptians have very good reasons Israeli withdrawal the first time was force. Egypt does. for believin!!: that their borders wi th Is Egyptian movement of missil es into the Both sides, along with the Jordanians, rael would be those of pre-June 1967. cease-fire zone. The Egyptians claim hav now submitted their peace sug That is certainly the intent of Resolution thev have a right to protect themselves gestions to Dr. Gunnar Jarring, United 242. Al so, the U. N. charter, to which and that the miss iles were and are purely lations negotiator in these indirect both countries are signatori es, says that defensive. We don't want any more of talks. For the longest time Israel had acquisition of territory by war shall not our schools bombed, they say. Nonethe withdrawn from the Jarring talks and be condoned. Even Israel's strongest all y, less, they lost a certain amount of credi went back only after considerable pres- the United States, has said it would bility in the cease-fire violation, in addi ure from the United Sta tes. Israeli s still agree only to "insubstantial" border tion to giving Israel reason to build up feel that the cards are stacked against changes. her side of the canal, also in vio lation of them in any international or United Na The place to begin to unravel the the cease-fire. On the other hand, if the tions discussions; the outcome, they feel, tangled threads of Middle East peace is talks and the cease-fir e fa ll through, Is i [59) 7 mit to live in a white area. He cer 600,000 inhabitants, and probably tainly cannot ea t in a restaurant. Bath without the accom hundreds of thousands living there il paniment of high ing in Durban, on that section of the legally-is tolerated so near to beach reserved for whites, I thought ideals)? Could I Johannesburg. We needed a special any more trust with some gratitude of the cafe in an permit to vis it Soweto. We found a "un-classi6ed" area of Durban, where those who (as sup few well-to-do Afri cans li ving at close porters of the men of different races can still have quarters with families crammed in United Party ) op a meal together. In Johannesburg, limited accommodation often in de there is none. To eat with African plorable conditions. Not one square pose stringent government pol friends, we had to bring them to the inch of the land is owned by Africans icy for the sake of a quicker home of a white family; th y live in themselves. And everywhere are the growth-rate of profits? Could a white artisan area, and the neighbors beer-halls, provided in profusion to I trust the Progressive Party, expressed their disapproval by throw cope with African fru strations. After th e effect of whose franchise ing stones at the roof, and sti cking all, it is a hundred years since the policies would be the building nails in their tires. theory was propounded in the South up of a small African middle African parliament that alcohol was class with strong vested inter the bes t remedy for keeping Africans es ts in not rocking the boat down. The advantage of Soweto to an idea so revolutionary to the the white men in power is that it is whites that the country man easily controlled. Said a quiet, gentle ages to send only one P.P mem woman, "We are all together here. It ber to the House of Assembly? would be such an easy place to bomb." Trust? I recall the hope expressed Mixing socially is not done! Yet That is the extent of the African's by a black university student that she there are many jobs those white trust in the South African establish would study overseas, and her feeling artisans would not lower themselves ment. The laws, the inhuman restric that if she went, she would probably to do. Black labor is the answer. But tions, the court rulings, the police never come back. Her comment was : the African cannot consider himself a powers, are all for the protection of "I would rather live as a foreigner in worker. He has no rights even where white interes ts-whether the protec a foreign country, than be treated as he is most valued. His trade unions tion of Afrikaner culture, or of white a foreigner in my own." industrial prosperity, or of the poor have no power to negotiate agreements Then who can the African in South• -as white trade unions have-and it white artisan who insists on artificial support, or of white educational Africa trust, if not the men in power is illegal for him to strike. He is, to and those who keep them there? On be strictly accurate, an implement in superiority, or of white domination in our trip we met considerable num the hand of the white-to be given the name of civilization and Christian bers of white people who considered care so that he is capable of work, to ity. If the integrity of a government be kept available (in spite of all the lies in its genuine representation of themselves "liberal" in attitude. (Not high phrases about "separate develop the people as a whole, this government in party; the Liberal Party is banned, ment'') , and to be discarded as soon sells its soul every hour. In any case, along with every possibility of a multi as his use comes to an end. As for his racial political party.) These liberal wife and children, they are totally ir minded white people want South relevant. He goes where he is needed, Africa to be a society where race is and there his dependents are usually no longer the obsession. They seek not needed. So African family life pre some opportunities of contact across sents, through the restrictions of "in the color-line. They also draw atten flux control," a bitter scene of separa since not one African votes this is no tion to some of the worst examples of tion, instability, and break-down. more than a government elected by a police-state. For instance, six hun The African's labor is everything. whites to further their own interests. dred white students recently took part That is why a black urban community Could I, as an African, trust those who like Soweto-with its official figure of in an illegal demonstration at Wit support such a government (with or watersrand University against the de- tention without trial of twenty-two Africans accused of political sub version, communism, and terrorism. Thirty students, junior lecturers, and workers in student organiza tions were arres ted. There is a cost to be paid by those who, in this brittle South African society, try to promote multi racial contacts. The National Union of Students of South Africa has been multi-racial since 1936, and is under surveillance and suspicion, as is also the University Christian Movement. You might expect that the African would have confidence in whites who put themselves at risk by their multi racial activities, and their disapproval of current ways. Yet one African stu dent said, "We trust them less and less," and another, "I can count the whites I trust on the fingers of one hand." The reasons for this became clear to us, and I will mention three. First, what the liberal often seeks is a better deal for the African, not power commensurate with his num bers and potential. Well-meaning charity is offered, rather than a solid unswerving commitment to African rights. We heard Africans say that they preferred the Afrikaner's open distaste and oppression, to the nice expressions of English-speaking South Africans with a high standard of living and a conscience. It was refreshing to hear a white English-speaking stu dent say that if the choice were be tween a white- or a black-dominated government tomorrow, she would have to choose the white because she honestly believed it would be more just. Her "if' of course, was artificial and hypothetical, but it showed how she felt. Others were more pro-black, and more patronizing. We asked a number of people whether they would support the imposition of trade sanc tions against South Africa, and the withdrawing of European investments. The white answer tended to be "That would be a terrible thing to do; after all it is the black people who would suffer most." But an African middle aged woman retorted, 'We would wel come the isolation. It would bring the white man down to mother earth. We should be isolated together. The ques tion of the nation's wealth is our busi ness-we contribute more than the white man does." And an African stu dent replied, "We are used to hunger. It's worse when we are with people who are well-fed. We'll put up with it; it may lead us to take up stones." [ 61 ] ~ Which leads m to a second rea on for mistrust of the white lib ra l. The African is not ery imprc sed (nor has he rea on to b ) with attempts to ward a non-racial approach. For in stance, I did not com across one multi-racial group-in student, church, or any oth r circl s-which was not heavily dominat -d by white l adership, wher deci ions were made after consultati on with Afri cans affected by those d cisions, and where whi tes showed any marked degree of sensitivity to the feelings of blacks. Such experiences 1 ad the African to the conclusion that the whites he meets on multi-racial occasions cannot reall y identify wi th his difficul ties. He real izes too that the "chummy" approach at th e occasional conference seldom finds expression elsewhere. As one Afr ica n student put it, "Lif in Soweto is different from these mental gym nas tics ." The multi-racial occasion does, I suppose, give a hint of the kind of society that mi ght be pos- ible; but it is a very ambiguou hint. It mav be useful in raising sharp ques tions for the whites; and in confiiming the suspicion of the black that the white, for all his good intentions, is remote from the black struggle fo r human dignity, and the power to possess land and decide for himself. I heard Africans who have already reached this conclusion condemning the multi-ra cial approach as obsolete. Further, the liberal white is likely to dismiss the racial issue with a sweeping simplicity : "I want to be treated as a person." That is all very well, but the categories white/ black, or European/ African, arise out of three hundred years of the most brutal aggression and insensitive paternalism on the part of the whites, and affects not only the statute book, but th e deepes t feelings and attitudes on both sides. What does a multi-racial society mean when the ingredients are white superiority and black infe riority, white affiu ence and black poverty, white power and black impotence? Said a thoughtful and open-minded white student, "Black racism is as bad as white racism, and I r ject both." But black racism is first and las t a response to what black people have endured for generations with quite unbelievable patience, and now en dure with growing impatience. Per son-to-person relationships that tran- cend color can have supportive va lue to both sides, if they are honest and 10 [62] Afriran life persist under adverse continuing, but a person carries the ful and fu ssed about her own im circumstances, as in this Bantu reserve mark of his own society, ven when migran ts, can prove worthy of any in the North Transvaal and this church he consciously identifies himsell with trust from Africans in South Africa? amnng the ruins of Indian housing in those of another group. So I heard a While making the right noises towards Durban, but what trust ca n the African number of agonizing attempts on the independent African states, she feels really place in any of the institutions a "kith and kin" affinity with white of South African Society? part of white people to deal with th eir whiteness; and I met some who have people of English origin in Southern found ways of supporting the black Africa, and is more preoccupied with cause without publicity or fuss ; and I th e Free World/ Communist issue than felt the loneliness of the white who, the threat of race war. The sale of having rejected white domination in arm s to South Africa is simply one of So uth Africa, and who li ves in a kind many ways by which a European na of no-man's-land, appears to his fe llow tion can sell its soul. The leap of black whites to have sold his soul. I recog men toward their des tiny, in a world nized my personal problem as a where (as in South Africa) they are British person in a society where the in the majority, is not something my whi te attitude causes far more prob own compatriots can ali gn themselves lems than the presence of black im wi th. So the Afri can will go on with migrants, and in a world where poor, out them. black nations contribute out of their But if the South African establish poverty to the wealth of my coun try, ment puts white supremacy before and are dependent on trade agree African humanity, and white liberals ments made internationally ( that is, are more concerned with multi-racial by the white nations who dom inate overtures than justice for the non the economy of the Western world). white, and white E uropeans serve in But what about th "liberal" tradi dustrial interes ts and attendant anti tions of the natio ns of the so-call ed co mmunist fea rs before black libera "free-world"? Is there any help there tion, where is the African to find for the oppressed Afri can? During this trusted allies? trip we heard young Africans in total There are in South Africa one and despair of their helplessness, beli ev one-half million "colored" ( in whose ing that deliverance can only come blood whiteness and blackness have from outside South Africa. But what mingled ), and a million Indians, hope could we give? Gestures have whose ancestors were brought to been successfu lly mad in the sport Africa to work in the fi elds. "Separate ing world whi ch means so much to development" al o involves them. On White South Africa, and this has cer the social scale, the Indian is a little tainly encouraged the Afri can-who higher than the African, and the makes his own gestures by going along colored than the Indian. Both colored to white sporting fi xtures and lustily and Indian tend to identify with the ch ering their opponents. But the African in their deprivation, but want realities of international politics are also to hold on to the bit of privilege another matter. British investments they possess and so cannot fully affirm in South Africa have never been fr ican aspirations. The more sensi higher, and every new investment is a tive share the dilemma of the liberal fu rther vested interest in the stability whites . of the country. And United States in The same is true of the better-off volvement continues to rise. The middle-class African. He cannot avoid domination of white interes ts becomes being aware of the limitations imposed more and more deeply entrenched in upon him, and of the hunger, exposure South Africa as a whole, as the United and suffering of so many of his peo Nations stands powerless before South ple. One such said to me, "You should Africa's grip on Southwest Africa, as not be talking to me, you should be the Portugese pour military resources talking to the real African,'' by which into their colonial territories and in he meant the rootless laborer and the volve other Western nations in projects hungry. The middle- class Afri can's li ke the Cabora Bassa dam, as Britain prosperi ty, and his own bit of power shufHes with weak embarrassment be (such as it is) and his own ability to fo re the unconstitutional white rule in make life a little more bearable for Rhodesia, and Malawi engages in others, will depend on his being will guarded co-operation with her bene ing to cooperate with the authorities, factors. and not put out a wrong foo t. Is there the slightes t hope that the What is the struggling African to United Kingdom which gets so fear- think, for instance, of those who have 11 Such doubts are raised not only about the comparatively educated and privileged, but about those at the bot tom of the short ladder. Bowing and scraping before a white man can bring dividends- at the cost of one's human ity. There seem to be many "Uncle Toms" prepared to play the white man's game for the fringe benefits. How else can a man survive in this white world? But to do so is totally destructive of trust. And what if the white man happens to be a member of the security police? At a multi-racial event I attended, no one doubted that some Africans present were working for the special branch of the police force. An at tempt was made to identify them, and some seem to have a nose for it. In everyday life the same suspicion throbs. A highly respectable African shopkeeper told me that he was one of three brothers, and not one could be sure that one of the other two was not an agent of the security police. Such mutual distrust plays right into the hands of those who cleverly deal with the black population on the well tried technique of "divide and rule." • So you assume that anything you do or say is likely to be reported by someone, and you behave accordingly. You also recognize that if your fellow African is an agent, he is deprived and frightened as you are, a human being with his own problematic life to live. I suspect that for the educated Contrasts between white housing (above) taken up a political career in the African, the most difficult issue is how and African housing (top, left and right) "homelands"? Are they genuinely try he can live with any sort of integrity are often extreme. The Archbishop of ing to use thei r compromised position in a dehumanizing and corrupt situa Canterbury (below) recently visited Sou th to help their own people? How much tion. "When he tries to do something Africa and warned of th e dangers of positive within the strict limits of legal apartheid. are their own ambitions involved? Sometimes a courageous word is poss ibility, is he just compromising? spoken. I was told how one Chief Ex When he becomes involved in teach ecutive Officer at his inauguration ing, or literacy work, or welfare, he appealed to the authorities not to send may be helping individuals, but he too many from the towns, while the is also helping the hated system to land was so undeveloped; and he had work better. And when he exposes this to say about the system itself: himself dangerously to the jagged "This autonomy of the homelands must teeth of a thousa nd legal impositions be a great thing. The Afrikaners had (all contained in Acts of Parliament to struggle for their autonomy. We with the highest sounding of names), have it thrust upon us. It must be is he doing anything except showing something very special. " But such a his utter despair by sticking his neck spirit is dangerous, and a man easily out to be chopped off? What good gets demoted. Who can tell whether will he do in jail, and what good can the more cooperative are playing a he do out of jail? very canny game with the authorities, Some Africans I met are well aware or si mply being collaborators? There of the long haul in front of them, and is always the suspicion that once again are prepared to go on working steadily the dreadful comment has been vin to help their fellow Africans to dis dica~~d-"To be human is to se ll your cover a new dignity. One down-to soul. earth woman told us that she gives 12 [64] this advice to her friends: man continues to build himself up in the conduct of their own life to "When the white man calls you by sapping the strength of his fellow transcend the social conventions, Jane, call him John. And wh n men and call ing his system a free so though much could be achieved with he says, How do you know my ciety. If the black African has anyone in the present laws if the will was name is John, you say, Why did he can trust, it is likely to be among there. Africans are slowly turning you think I was Jane? And when the oppressed people of the earth away from white-led churches; one he call s you Nanny, say, Do I (whatever their color) who have comment was that soon the only way nurse your children? And when nothi ng to lose in their struggle for to get Africans to church would be at the white man has a few minutes li fe, and who will not be powerless the point of a gun . idleness, and cuffs the black forever. There is also growing resentment worker nearby to pass the time, In this connection, I remember ask at a Gospel so totally in the strangle the worker should ask him what ing a multi-racial group of students hold of Western culture. Said one he is doing. And if he says, It was why they were saying so little to each African to another, "I feel the God I just a game, the worker shoul d other about the possibility of a am worshipping is a white God." His answer, It is a game that I am not strategy for change. They answered, fr iend answered, "You know God has allowed to play with you." Whenever we have talked about this no color. If you don't know, I inform At the student level, the attempt is together, we always fi nish up wi th talk you." Sound theologically as that is, being made to break through the psy about violence. Who could be sur psychologically it is felt that God has chological hang-ups which many prised at that, in a society already his face to the whites, and his back Africans suffer, and to develop an oozing with violence in every pore? to the blacks. I certainly found noth African consciousness. "Black is beau There is, I believe, a growing number ing in the theological seminaries tiful," said a gracious lady speaker at of Africans, inside and outside South we visited to remind me that the the a Y.W.C.A. meeting. "No" whispered Africa, who do not ask about the fact ological thinking was taking place in an African student at my side, "black or morality of social upheaval-only Africa- and in South Africa at that. I is grand." how it will come. For them a Chris was told that one of the most pro Thi color ques tion dominates tianity which tolerates white men's gressive of them excludes the iss ue of everything, for that is how the whites wars but forbids vi olence in the cause race from the Christian ethics course, in power have determined it. Oc of justi ce is a useless fo reign toy. And presumably because the subject is ex casionally when blackness was af so I am led, by the need for the over plosive and the institution might be firm ed in conversation I sensed that throw of repressive power, to my las t come suspect. A handful of individ more was being affirmed than black question : If the African can trust no uals mainly working outside formal power to replace white power-rather one, and hardly himself, can he trust church structures find some meaning a new quality of political relation in God? in "black theology." ships, in which human beings enjoy In asking the question, I am think The blackest expression of Christian their own rights, and covet ri ghts for ing of the God known by men of community is to be found in the others. Few Africans seemed aware of many races as he who was called African Independent Churches, which just how the race issue has arisen as father by Jesus of Nazareth-that give scope for African initiative, but a myth long serving the interes ts of Middle Eas t poor man who was a they are caught up in other worldly the white man. The colonizers and member of an oppressed people. This matters, proclaiming (as one critic slave-masters of previous centuries is the God which white Western put it ) the invitation "to wait for the wanted land and wealth, and excused Christendom has claimed and tamed consolation prize." What trust can be the brutality of their conduct by con fo r centuries, who is proclaimed by placed in a God who apparently has vincing themselves that they were intensive missionary activity in South nothing to offer to men but a heaven dealing with sub-human beings. The Africa, and whose revealed purposes beyond the grave? myth continues. But if the black per in Scripture are used by mos t Dutch Nowhere then does the black per son is not to sell his soul to a white Reformed theologians to buttress son in South Africa find the Church to myth, if he is to trust himself in his racism and white superiority. South be a body of people whom he can struggle to become actually a member Africa has one of the highes t percent trust to work with him to change his of the human race, he will need to ages of church-goers of any country society. Is it surprising that more than expose the myth for what it is. Crushed in the world. But I found bitter im once I was told that to the African, by the color issue, he will need to patience with the authoritarianism of Christianity has lost its meaning? trace oppression and exploitation not a white-dominated Church. Said one Such Christianity has lost its meaning simply to color difference, but to African, "I gave up reading the Bible for me too. A few people in South human nature greedy and self-deceiv when I realized it was about Baas Africa, highly suspect by their fellow ing, which has been coarsened and Paul, Baas John and Baas Jesus." Christians, are seeking to rediscover brutali zed by an economic and social Baas is Afrikan for "Master." What, I the revolutionary meaning of the system which is based on the cannibal wonder, would Jesus have replied to Good News of Jesus Christ to the attitude that one can only be fa t that? There is also a deep sense of the poor, and to claim back Christian faith by preying on another. One of my failure of the Churches to affirm the from those who use it to bolster the most terrible moments in South Africa African as a man with rights. The present order and buttress the powers was when a middle-aged jovial African Churches which make up the Council that be. But as I left this country social worker said loudly and laugh of Churches ( mainly English-speak where trust shrivels in the winter sun, ingly, "We have stopped eating peo ing ) have made considered statements I could not help wondering whether ple!" He may have done, but Western against apartheid, but done very little God himself had not sold his soul. • [65] 13 ...... ··········· ··· ...... ···· ····· ····· ...... ...... •···············<'.°INTERNATIONALIZATION ( : ·.. · ...... ··... ..--·· .· ELLEN CLARK ··-...... · ·"'·· ...... -·· "ln Christ there is no East or Western missionaries are East Asians, work with Japanese and Okinawan West, There is no North or led by the affluent Japanese. colonies in Bolivia, Argentina, Brazil, South." There have been serious problems. Hong Kong and Canada. A Korean Churches in the poorer nations have minister, the Rev. Kim Kay Yong, pas The Christian missionary movement difficulty funding missionaries. Differ tors the Korean lgreja Unida in Sao has remained primarily a one-way flow ences in training, salaries, fringe bene Paulo, Brazil; another Korean mis of personnel from West to East and fit s and authority have created sionary works among the Korean peo South for the past four centuries. But tensions between Western and non ple in Hokkaido, Japan. in the past few decades there have Western missionaries working in the Chinese from Taiwan are working been a number of new developments same country. There is a suspicion among Chinese in Singapore and which are changing the picture. In among Asians, Africans and Latin Malaysia and Japan. "Undoubtedly countries which have gained inde Americans that "internationalization" there would be more of such move pendence since World War II, the is just an exercise in fitting non-West ments were it not for immigration re younger churches are taking the initia ern missionaries into ' i\lestern opera strictions by governments of some tive in mission. tions. The suspicion is heightened by countries, such as Indonesia and the At the same time Western mission the reluctance of Western "Christian" Philippines, which have considerable ary boards' sensitivity to the charges countries to receive missionaries. Chinese populations," says Harvey that Christianity is a Western reli gion Most of the activity is taking place Perkins, secretary for Inter-Church and that Western missionaries are in East Asia where the non-Wes tern Aid for Mission and Service of the agents of cultural and other forms of mi sionary movement is not a new East Asia Christian Conference. imperialism has made them anxious to phenomenon. The Methodist Church What is new is the expansion of this internationali ze the missionary force. in the Philippines sent seven teachers missionary movement beyond ethnic But obedience to the Gospel and the to Java and Malaya more than fift y lines. The United Church of Christ in conviction that every church should years ago, for example. the Philippines has two missionaries both send and receive missionaries, A strong motivation has been to min overseas, Miss Felisa T. Manongdo, a not expediency, is the principal spur ister to students, nationals and im nurse at a hospital in Tanta, Egypt, to the internationalization of the Chris migrant communities abroad. African and Miss elly R. Pearson, a nurse at tian missionary movement, both in the and Asian ministers have a long rec the Zanana Christian Hospital in West and in the areas usually identi ord of counseling experience with Sukkur, West Pakistan. Miss Susie fi ed as "the mission fi elds." their kinsmen in universities in Eu Ramales, a member of the Philippine A good deal of lip service has been ropean cities. In Britain, ministers Baptist Convention, is serving on the paid to the ideal of an international from th e Methodist Church of the staff of AVACO , the audio visual missionary movement, witnessing to Caribbean and the Americas work agency of the United Church of Christ the universality of Christ's Church. with West Indian immigrants ; a ( Kyodan ) in Japan. Miss Shobha What is the reality in 1971? Methodist Pakistani, the Rev. Eric Mane of the Church of North India is The overwhelming majority of the Daniels, has worked in Bradford and serving at the Tokyo Women's Chri - approximately 30,000 Christian mis Slough, tvvo British communities with tian College. The Rev. Park Hee Min, sionaries worldwide are from 'Ves tern heavy concentrations of immigrants. a Korean Presbyteri an, and his wife, a Europe, the United States and Like the British missionaries who nurse, are working with the Bethel Canada, but the growth of the non earlier followed British businessmen Evangelical Church in Ethiopia. Western missionary movement is ac to the Argentine and Chile, Japanese The larges t sending agency is the celerating. The great majority of non- mi ss ionaries from the Kyodan are at United Church of Christ in Japan, In Latin America, several missionaries work across national lines. In Pakistan, Japanese missionary Ka zuho Makino (right) works in rehabilitation pro- SSIONARIES which has thirty-eight overseas the churches." Because Asian churches have been workers, most of whom work primarily "It was around a common concern related far more to churches outside with Japanese nationals or immigrants. for the mission of the churches of Asia than to each other, the E.A.C.C. 0th r workers include a nurse and Asia that the East Asia Christian Con frequently acts as a "broker" putting two refugee workers in South Vietnam ference came into existence in 1957," churches in touch with each other with Asian Christi an Service, a profes Mr. Perkins relates. "Preceding it there concerning missionary need and mis sor of theological education and his was an Asian Council for Ecumenical sionary opportunity, Mr. Perkins ex wife in Thailand, a couple assigned to Mission, fostered considerably by the plains. the Allahabad Rural Institute in India, United Presbyterians in the U.S.A ., The concept of church to church a theological education administrator and comprising largely churches with mission going beyond both ethnic and in Singapore, church and education some relationship with that church. confessional ties is one of the great workers in the Kingdom of Lesotho, The E.A.C.C. inherited as a responsi strengths of the Asian missionary Africa, and three couples in pastoral bility the missionary purpose of that movement. George Hanabusa, execu work in Hawaii. body, and has continued to encourage tive secretary of the Committee for Mr. Perkins says there are 150 miss ionary movements on a broader Ecumenical Ministries of the Kyodan, Asian mi sionaries related to the scale." comments: "Since it is not the E.A.C.C. ( two thirds of them work Not unexpectedly, "initiatives have Kyodan's desire to establish our de within Asia ) and at least as many who been taken in many cases along lines nomination abroad we can work in are not. He points out that the Asians of existing church ties which are felt national churches without threat to work in fields closely related to evan through confessional relationships or them and in a true spirit of inter-de gelistic activity, in contrast to Western through common ties with a particu pendence. If we fa il in these ecu missionaries who are more heavily lar mission board outside Asia," Mr. menical relationships we fail in what committed to educational appoint Perkins continues. "The movements we feel is our calling to mission ments. from Japan to Taiwan, whether abroad." Mr. Perkins acknowledges that ex through the Japan Overseas Christian Outside Asia, there is very little of periment in mission-urban and in Medical Cooperati ve Service or this missionary activity across national dustrial programs, for example, "is in through the Overseas Evangelism boundaries. Most of the newly inde the hands of the indigenous Christians Committee of the Kyodan, have fo l pendent countries feel they cannot with ome Western missionaries along lowed lines of earlier church ties be spare people at this time. Africans are side them" and that the Asian mis tween these countries. The Philippine preoccupied with mission within their sionary movements have rarely been Episcopal movements to Sabah ( 1a own countries. One of the few excep involved. laysia) and the Philippine Methodi t tions to that rule is the new mission "This is largely because the radical movements to Sarawak (Malaysia) to Botswana which the Africa Central ism that produces experimentation clearly arise out of the denominational Conference of the United Methodist and new venture also embraces the bonds of the sending and receiving Church is undertaking, in cooperation missionary selfhood of the church churches." with other churches. A Mozambican quite positively in its policies. In But new relationships are being teacher and a nurse, Mr. and Mrs. pioneering new forms of mission th ere created out of missionary movements Zacharia Uqueio, were recently sent is an equally valid form of mission in as well. "It is significant to note also by the Conference to the Maun Sec the international and ecumenical that a United Church is in a strategic ondary School in Botswana. Latin Asian process of serving, training and position to open up new missionary Americans are begi nning to show building up the indigenous action of relationships," Mr. Perkins says. more interest in sending mis ionaries. [67] 15 In Sarawak, Iban mis sionary Jerry Rabu M egong shows a friend pictures of his work in Malaya. The Methodist Churches formed a since 1958 appropriated funds through Kyodan, which has a thirteen-year his Board of Missi ons and in 1965 sent a an Ecumenical Mission and Personnel tory of mission abroad, is beginning missionary doctor from Mexico to Fund to participate in support of per to ask questions. Mr. Hanabusa ex Ecuador for a five-year tenn. United sonnel who are appointed by other plains: Presbyterian mi ss ionaries have gone churches. COEMAR is currently pro "At the present time we have many out from Brazil to Chile and Portugal. viding supplemental funding-usually requests from East Asia and Africa For most churches in Asia, Africa for transportation costs-to about six for Japanese missionary personnel. and Latin America, whatever their en non-Western miss ionaries from Korea, However, we are at the present time thusiasm for missionary movements, India, the Philippines and Japan, who grappling with the problems of a the supporting a missionary abroad is be are serving outside their countries. ology of mission. We are asking our yond their means. The missionary zeal ( COEMAR is also assisting eight selves, What is the meaning of sending of members of the East Asia Christian Europeans under the same program.) Japanese Christians to churches Conference has been greatly abetted In addition to money woes, Asian abroad? To which churches can we by the establishment of a Mi ss ionary missionaries have other handicaps. respond in this day of political, social Support Fund in 1964, with the co "When an Asian mi ssionary worker and philosophical upheaval? Can we operation of missionary societies in moves into another Asian country," send a missionary to serve in a church the U.S .A., Germany and Britain. The says Mr. Perkins, "a real identification abroad that is supportive of a govern Fund will supply a maximum of has to be made in order to win that ment that seems to be oppressive or $1,000 a year for missionary support. basic acceptance without which he dictatorial? What is to be our philoso The patterns for funding Asi an mis cannot work effectively. He brings no phy of mission in relationship to other sionaries vary. In some cases the resources, and no promise of more, churches? churches overseas to which workers go which can prevail upon a receiving "If we had the answer to these are financially independent and the church to keep him in the hour of con questions, and had unlimited re sending church need only meet special flict or tension." sources, we could send many more project requests, such as automobiles Mr. Perkins says it is a mistaken Japanese Christians abroad. However, and grants to cover partial costs of idea that Asians "can move with com one of our problems is that the na buildings and churches. Several of the parative ease into each other's coun tional church has little enthusiasm or Japanese churches receiving mission tries." Most Asian missionaries lack vision for sending Japanese Christians aries are in this category; the Korean special training for their work and are abroad. We have many small churches Church in Brazil expects to assume perhaps more vulnerable to "culture struggling to exist and larger churches full support of its mission pastor in shock" and loneliness than Western are expected to aid these smaller 1973. missionaries under the circumstances. churches. There are exceptions, of Asian sending and rece1vmg Because of these problems, the East course, but it seems that the local churches which depend on E.A.C.C. Asia Christian Conference started its church response to support workers funds provide a minimum of twenty own missionary training program in abroad is quite poor. This situation is five percent of the support of the 1970 at Union Theological Seminary accentuated at the present time be worker. The balance of the support in Manila. cause of the present polarization tak comes from a number of sources in Although the Asian m1ss10nary ing place in the Kyodan over the so cluding grants from North American movement has not been underway in called 'social-activists' and the 'church and European Churches and Boards. force for many years, some of the peo centered' groups." The Commission on Ecumenical Mis ple involved are already becoming Much the same kind of questioning sion and Relations of The United introspective in a manner familiar to about the role of the missionary and Presbyterian Church ( COEMAR) has Western missionary agencies. The the meaning of "internationalization" 16 [68] has b en going on in the Wes t for support of missionari es. God in the struggle for tomorrow's many years. "Our own mi ssionaries are being world, they need to see and feel what After World War II, two World cut out so fast-about 100 a year," it is like to li ve in an international, Council of Churches agencies, the Di Miss Derby adds, referring to the in multi-racial, trans-cultural community. vision of Inter-Church Aid, Refu gee come gap caused by declining giving It is the calling of the churches to and World Service ( DICARWS ) and coupled with inflation. "It's a ques tion make such an experience a reality." the Division of World Mission and of how much the U.S. will push inter The Committee asked churches and Evang lism ( DWME ) encouraged nationali zation." mission and service agencies to give member churches to develop plans by For about seven years in the '50's serious attention to the three factors which the missionary force would be the United Presbyterian Church had of people, money and structures . come increasingly international, inter a program to bring fratern al workers In regard to people, the report of racial and interdenominational. vVCC to the U.S. from other countries, but the Committee states: " ... In some sponso red agencies like the Theologi it was discontinued, primarily because countries, foreign personnel has been cal Education Fund, Christian Litera of lack of placement opportunities. withdrawn by political action. In ture Fund and the Christian Medical But COEMAR's commitment to in others, it may be important for the Commission, as well as reli ef and in ternationalization is firm , according to churches to identify themselves with dustrial mission programs, involved in Donald P. Smith, personnel secretary the concerns of their fellow-country ternational personnel to some extent. for COEMAR. "Despite budget cuts men. Foreign help may suggest foreign European agencies can cite a num and the fact that we have fewer influence and lack of independence. ber of instances of continental inter COEMAR fraternal workers, we are In this case, voluntary withdrawal change of personnel, but there has prepared to increase our contributions may be a way of supporting the been little exchange with non for assistance to the missionary efforts churches. There should certainly be Europeans to date. Outside E urope, of other churches," he says. "We careful examination to see whether the French, British, Dutch and others think internationalization is that im persons from abroad are in fact doing find it easier to work in former colonial portant. It has to do with the very work which could better be done by areas and with groups of the same nature of the Church. A church needs nationals. In yet other countries, help confessional group. However, it is more than one tie outside the country might come more effectively from a worth noting that European mission to be fully the church." country at the same stage of develop aries are increasingly entering "new" Both United Methodists and United ment, sharing the same stage of de areas in Africa and Latin Ameri ca, Presbyterians contribute to the East velopment, sharing the same problems, areas previously dominated by Ameri Asia Christian Conference, but the than from one with which the church can missionaries or European mission number of missionaries enabled to has been traditionally linked. aries of other denominations. The se rve thereby is a small fraction of Churches which have not yet taken French Federation of Churches sent their own missionaries overseas, 1,479 part in the 'sending' of workers may a theological professor to the Sem and 759 respectively. COEMAR also wish to do so, but may not have the inary at Matanzas, Cuba, and an East contributes to the new vVorld Council means. Churches, which have not been German layman had extensive con of Churches Joint (DWME/ accustomed to receive workers , may tacts with the Cuban Christian com DICARA WS ) Committee on Ecu want help in answering the question: munity during his year there as a menical Sharing of Personnel. ( The 'Do we need them?'" university teacher. The Reformed United Methodist Board's $75,000 Money is a key element, the Com Church from Switzerland has sent a contribution to the W.C.C. in 1970 mittee recognized. "At present the pastor to work with the Methodist was undesignated. ) greatest movement of persons is from Church in Uruguay. This, too, is in This Committee has taken a long the rich churches and countries to the ternationalization. look at the exchange of people and poor, and persons are supported by In the United States, interest in in money between countries and decided funds from the same source. This ternationalization has been lukewarm, that it is not in the business to merely means that a person's value has often but individual denominations have push mission-as-usual. In a report it to be judged not only by his own con shown especial interest. issued in June, 1970, the committee tribution but by the funds (salary, The World Division of the United urged a "new response" to God's ac housing, transport ) which he brings Methodist Board of Missions is on tion in the world. with him, together with the funds his record as supporting the "mission to "The call to share in God's redeem presence attracts for projects he de six continents" concept, which holds ing work now means action in support signs, and which are usually not avail that the U.S., like every other part of of the aspirations of men toward able for the church if he withdraws the world, is both a ''home base for a spiritual, social, economic or political or resigns. This makes it diffi cult for a world mission" and a "mission fi eld." liberation whether in one's own society church to use its freedom of decision For many years the Board of Mis or elsewhere. It will also mean self and is apt to distort relationships be sions sen t out and supported Eu examination on the part of the mis tween the 'sending' and 'receiving' ropean missionari es. "But our attitude sion and service agencies to see how bodies. It also limits churches which now is that missionaries should be far their own aims are being limited have not the resources for this ex supported by their own churches," ex and frustrated by the captivity of both pensive operation, but who wish to plains Miss Marian Derby, assistaht the sending and requesting churches take part in 'sending' people to take general secretary in the World Di to institutions and policies which may· part in mission and service." vis ion. "We have given support to be exploitative and unjust. .. . New structures will be necessary some boards of missions-in Europe "If men and women are to find the to allow new responses in mission. and in the Philippines-but not for the faith and courage to cooperate with "American board do not have strnc- [69] I 7 tures to receive missionaries," points If the Western so-called Christian portant to divorce m1ss10naries from out Miles Walburn, treasurer of the nations are willing to receive mission the source of resources and work United Church Board for World Min aries from abroad, they will also have funds to better balance the How of istries, a member of the Joint Commi t to be willing to help support them, in personnel between rich and poor na tee, and formerly head of the Over most cases. At the present time, West tions. Receiving churches should de seas Personnel Recruitment Office, the ern missionary societies occasionally termine salaries. recruitment arm of six denominations provide fu nds for missionaries serv While the World Council has had in the U.S. "An d the traditional re ing immigrant communities. The over some experience with channeling re ceiving countries have no structures seas board of British Methodism paid quests for workers and finding re for sending missionaries." fo r Eric Daniels's transportation from sources to support them, it is not an But it is lack of will more than lack Pakistan to the British port and the xious to become a super missionary of structures which accounts for the home missions department picked up board. "The movement is going to be fact that there is precious li ttle How of the tab from that point. Mr. Mor far too large for anybody to super missionaries from overseas to our ton believes Mr. Daniels's ministry intend it and the last thing thing my shores. One person who would like to has been far wider than to the im committee wants to do is to give the see more of such a movement is Harry migrant community alone, and he impression that we want to get a kind Morton, the genial and easy-going Af hopes that the British church will of controlling hand on this and set up rica secretary of the British Methodist awake to the possibilities of using him channels for it," Mr. Morton em Missionary Society and chairman of more extensively. phasizes. Mr. Walburn is quite sure, the Joint Committee on Ecumenical What is the future for internation too, that churches in the West do not Sharing and Personnel. ali zation of the missionary movement? want the wee to set up an interna "Europeans need missionaries," Mr. The Committee on Ecumenical Shar tional missionary board and would Morton says, "but I'm not sure that ing and Personnel suggests that, as a not release block grants for the pur they are persuaded that they really first step, "a wider understanding pose. want them. I think they honestly feel needs to be developed of ways in On the other hand, it seems es that they don't have the first need, which churches, councils and agencies sential that the wee play a large part whereas I feel strongly that the first could participate in action concerned in establishing the links between priority areas of mission today are with the liberation of the whole man. potential sending and rece1vmg the places where the basic decisions These might include areas of racial churches. Donald Smith says COE- • of human affairs are to be made-Eu tension, mi gration, political or cultural MAR is particularly anxious to see rope and North America. liberation." WCC play this role and allow COE "It's terribly important that people It is significant that some of the MAR to eliminate its middle man of these lands have their eyes opened. most successful internationalization position. (When COEMAR has If one doesn't see what his sins are, he has gone on outside the traditional helped recruit and fund overseas mi s can't be liberated from them, and that missionary sending and missionary-re sion workers directly, its workers have means he will make wrong decisions ceiving structures, often fin ancially been sometimes hannfully branded as when it comes down to what you do supported by those same missionary American missionaries. ) about one percent for world develop boards and agencies. Students, young Some may feel it is premature to ment, changing the whole way your college graduates and Christians in have the World Council undertake financial structure makes its wealth, innovati ve ministries like industrial this role, when internationalization is and choice between community proj mission are involved. ( For the first just beginning to get a push within ects and more money in your pocket time this year half the Frontier In confessional lines. (Certain Methodist to spend on consumer goods. terns, young people engaged in work/ churches in Latin America would like "One of the things we are really study for two years abroad, are non to have missionaries from. other Meth hoping for is a mission in reverse to Americans.) They are experimenting odist churches besides the American grow up in North America," he with stationary and traveling teams branch, but they have shown little stresses. ''I've been meeting people of workers, short-term regional semi interest in workers from other faiths.) particularly in the national mission nars, church-to-church visitations and But others feel that an ecumenical side of denominations to ask them to other flexible arrangements for shar missionary force is just as important begin to think about what it means to ing personnel and resources. While as an international one. be a receiving church. There are a missionaries still have a vital role in "Missionary societies must be chal whole lot of issues that arise both in the world, it will be necessary for the lenged to put resources in the develop attitudes and in procedures which missionary movements to be sufficient ment (of an international, interde need a lot of refl ection before you get ly fl exible to embrace new techniques nominational and interracial force), to the stage of putting this on a regu and make new responses. even if this necessitates redirecting lar footing." The second step would be for the some of their present activities," Mr. Mr. Morton is aware of the crimp in WCC to establish a Joint Personnel Smith emphasizes. "But for any major budgets of U.S. mission boards. "But Service, which could recruit and se breakthrough to take place, ecumeni I got the impression that there is a lect missionaries, advise missionary cal channels must be made available good deal of money tied up in local receiving countries on how to send for those who are prepared to move." situations," he says. "Could any of this missionaries and vice versa, and main What priority will an interdenomi money be liberated for new forms of tain a fund for partial support of mis national, international, interracial mission which could make use of sionaries, on the lines of the East Asia missionary movement be for the someone from overseas on a team?" Christian Conference model. It is im- churches? • 18 (70) ··. ··. ASIAN MISSIONARIES ···•···•······... IN SARAWAK The lban people of Sarawak, Ma " Star of Sarawak." laysia, constitute one of the most in The first missionaries sent by the ternational " mission fields" in the Methodist Church in India, Rev. and world. At one time there were esti Mrs. Terrence Joseph, worked with mated to be forty-two foreign mis the lban Methodist Conference .... ······ "· sionaries working alongside half as from 1958 to1968. He served as pro many national pastors. The Rev. fessor at the Methodist Theological Joshua Bunsu, the first fully ordained Seminary at Sibu, pastor of local lban minister, is president of the 30,- churches and District Superinten 000-member conference. In this arti dent. His wife, Patien ce, a nurse, cle and the interview accompanying held classes in health, hygiene and it, you can glean some of the flavor home economics. of the non-Weste rn missionary The Sarawak Ch inese Conference, movement. Authors and photogra which itself has received Korean phers are Trevor Hancock, a British Methodist missio naries, contributes Dr. Loreto Crisologo (below, right), a Methodist miss ionary, and Dennis one of its ministers, th e Rev. Hsu skilled surgeon from the Philippines, is superintendent of Christ Hospital, Kapit, Fraude, a Malaysian layman. Both Ch un g Huo, as a mi ss ionary to the Sarawak. Taiwan missionary Lin Chin work with the Methodist Audio Vis lban Church. Yuan (bottom) does translation for his ual and Promotion Office in Sibu, But the Methodists are not alone duties as a pastor. Sarawak. in working among the lbans. Th e * * * * Thailand Overseas Missionary So In Sarawak the idea of the Asian ciety, an indigenous organization of missionary is not new. In fact the Thai farmers, laborers, students and first full-time missionary to the lbans others interested in foreign missions, in Sarawak was the Rev. Lu cius has sent three young men, all semi Mamora from Sumatra in Indonesia , nary interns, to Sarawak. Somporn who came in 1939. He had an Amer Phongudom, an ordained minister ican colleague who was obliged to and fifth-year student of the Pres leave when hostilities with Japan byterian Seminary in Chiengmai, is broke out. Because of his own back the latest Thai to serve a two-year ground Mr. Mamora was able to re term with the !bans. main in Sarawak throughout the Th e Burning Bush Mission of the whole of the Japanese occupation Presbyterian Church in Taiwan has without being confined to a prison sent four Presbyterian ministers to camp-as was the fate of the white work with the !ban Church, the Revs. missionaries who remained. He has Wu Ming I, Kao Ching Hsuan, Chen since become a Malaysian citizen. Yung Fu and Lin Chin Yuan. The Other Indonesian missionaries ar Ministry is unusua l in that it is a rived in Sarawak after the war and mission of one tribal people, the worked together with Americans. aboriginal " mountaineers," to an Together they brought the lban other. Methodist Church into being. The As ian missionaries are gen Another neighboring country, the era lly screened, processed and sup Philippines, has played a large ported by their own mission send part in providing missionary person ing societies. The Filipinos are an nel, mainly as nurses and teachers exception ; although sent by the ... and it may be added as brides Board of Missions of the Methodi,st for non-Philippine nationals. The Church of the Philippines, they be most recent arrival is Miss Naomi come contral:t workers paid by the Wangawang, a deaconess assigned institutions they serve, which in turn to work with the Home and Family receive funds from work budget ap Life program among lban women. propriations from New York. The In A veteran Filipino miss ionary and dian missionaries in Sarawak, the surgeon, Dr. Loreto Crisologo, who Josephs, were unable to return after is superintendent of Christ Hospital two tours of service due to difficu l in Kapit, has been honored by the ties in the transfer of funds. State authorities and awarded the In many cases the Asian s have (71] 19 fitted into the Sarawa k scene w ith te ned to as though havi ng the same crati c department of " lmigreshun" much more ease than their w hite authority. is not gea red to d is tinguish between counterparts. They are mu ch closer " The !bans seem to pay more at occi dental and orienta l, bu t instead with regard to cu lture, linguistics, tention to the white missi onaries," ca n only be gu ided by the number diet, and, of co urse, racia l charac te r remarks the Rev. W u Ming I. " Thi s of its own unemploye d and perhaps istics. Many of them know instinc probably has something to do w ith in ce rta in cas es by the term " mis tively the problems which the lban the former Bri ti sh rul e in Sarawak ." sionary." people are fac in g beca use they have The Asia n mi ssi on ari es cannot However, th e miss ionary history come from similar backgrounds. compete with their Western col of th e Ch ristian Church has never " To me, probab ly becau se I kn ew leagues fi nanc ially and often feel been smooth flow ing and perhaps Muslim Fi lipino women, the !bans em barrassed when it comes to the the pas t 150 years has allowed us to are much the sa me- even to their questi on of " work funds" or in the deceive oursel ves. Th e original mi s way of dressi ng," explains M iss making of gifts for special projects. si onary, St. Paul , never had an easy Wa ngawang, w ho had con si derable One Asia n worker speaks of the dif passage and he too had trouble w ith experience in Mind anao, the Ph ilip ficul ty of livi ng among Americans the local immigration authorities. pi nes, befo re coming to Sarawak. " w hose standard of living is too high Their solu tion was often to throw " But som e people expect me to be for any average-salaried As ian worker stones. Today they have a much differen t. Only yesterday Esther, my and who rece ive gifts and cash softer touch, bu t it is just as effective. lan guage tea che r, asked me if I knew everything- from more miss ion-con One young Asian mi ss ionary was how to eat wi th my hand. 'Of sci ou s fellow countrymen." The qu ite dogmatic when asked if she cou rs e,' I told her, 'there are some sa me pe rs on suggests other advan had noticed an y difference be tween things that you can 't eat in any other tages of American mission workers, Western and Asian missionaries. She way.' So it seem s to me that there is su ch as special train ing during fur sa id, " There should be no difference not a very w ide gap except in lan loughs. Moreover, many Asian mis at all. With Christ in your heart, why guage." si ona ri es have the " unspoken re should there be an y diffe ren ce? It's El izabeth (Mrs. Dennis) Frau de, spon si bility" of sending financial the spirit of service that matters. To Filipina nurse-and missionary be help to fam ilies in their home coun me that is the thing that should be fore her marriage, adds : " Asian tries; one Asian expresses the belief upheld." She said she was " im workers are more or less apt to th at w hite miss ionaries must think press ed" by the motivation and dedi adapt them selves to the way of the As ian mission workers " stingy" be cation of European and American people and are abl e to live just li ke cause they must budget their missionaries. " When I th ink of the them . The As ian workers also see m sala ries. way in which some of the older to ea sily and naturally get the tech Some Asian missionaries say that miss ionari es have served , it's a chal nique of followi ng and using the although they are classed as " mi s lenge to me.11 local language with less difficul ty si onaries" they do not have the same Despite the frust ra tions, the Asi an than the Europea ns or Americans." rapport with the ir white colleagues missionaries have had a tremendous But the Asians too may have prob that they share w ith their fellow impact on the life of the lban lems. It seem s to be a com mon ex Asi an s. " One meets prejudice which Chu rc h, the send ing Asian chu rches, perience that locally they are not al exists in a subtle fashion," is the way and their fellow m1ss1onaries ways accorded the " respect" given one Asi an put it. /1 A majority of the Americans, Britons, and occas ionally to the white missi onaries. Some workers in high pos itions are whites other Europeans and Australians. cla im that their teaching is not lis- or are supported by U.S. Boards The Harold Hansons, formerly of Miss ions. There are those who, COEMAR fraternal workers in because of sen iority, act as though Chiengmai, Thailand, reported the they are the only ones who know missionary enthusiasm of Somporn bes t. " Phongudom prior to his departu re An Asian pastor echoes a similar for Sarawak. complaint : " Most Western mission " Somporn is a small person, aries work fu ll time in offices or in weighs less than our boys, but he stitutions and so they never really go has ability and sense of humor . . . out and exercise a pastoral ministry. Many people are worried about They don't know either, for example, Somporn-that he w ill get sick and how to drive a boat and when they lose more weight or that he won 't travel they have to employ a driver." be strong enough to row a boat in (Western missionaries would most Sarawak where water tran sportation likely retort that they themselves is often the only w ay to travel. He usually began mi s~ ion service " in the expressed himself in the church bul field" but gradually took back seats letin today: ' It isn 't important that - office seats-so that local people my body is little as long as my spirit could take over their responsibili al ways remains strong.' /1 Missio nary serofce between ethnic ties.) Asian missionari es like him have grO'Ups in Sa rawak is illustrated by But perhaps the biggest problem proved an inspiration to the Church the Rev. Hsu Chung Huo, a of all is that Asian missionaries are in Sarawak and have made an es Sarawak Chinese w ho works with the process ed by the same governmental sential contribution to its interna Iban church. machine as the whites. The bureau- tional team of missi onaries. • 20 [72] ··········· '!" '•, " AN " INTERVIEW WITH .· ······ ...... · WU MING I ········ ...... Mr. Wu comes from Taiwan and is Are you financially better off in From this we can gather which faith an ordained minister of the Presby Sarawak than in Taiwan? is considered more important. terian Church there. He is a Univer The scale of salaries for a minister Again during the rice planting and sity graduate and before coming to in Sarawak is very similar to that in harvesting seasons I have seen !bans Sarawak was (in 1968) involved in Taiwan, but we are given a slightly - "Christian" !bans- holding pagan Theological Education. He is now in higher payment to compensate for liv religious ceremonies which is of his early thirties, married and with a ing in an overseas country. But in my course directly contrary to the Com newly adopted baby. Mr. Wu is not of own case I would say that I am get mandment "Thou shalt have none mainland Chinese extraction, but is a ting slightly less, because in Taiwan other Gods but Me." member of one of the indigneous I was a professor in a theological Many !bans regard "Allah Taala" mountain tribes. He prefers not to be school, editor of a religious magazine -God the Father-to be a lesser god called "Chinese" and he would parel and also a teacher in a secondary than some of the older lban gods. lel his own "tribe" and the Chinese school. Here I am only doing one When I have asked some of the !bans people with the side by side existence specific job. why they wanted to become Chris of the !bans and other native peoples with the Chinese in Sarawak. What do you consider to be the most tians if at the same time they were important aspect of your ministry going to carry on worshiping the old What made you leave Taiwan and here? gods, they have replied that they want come to Sarawak as a missionary? Primarily teaching-to make sure to add "Allah Taala" and "Tuhan Isa" Let me give you the background to that people fully understand the to their collection of gods so that they my own society-the "Burning Bush Christian faith. When I have visited can ask additional favors. So ob Missionary Society." One of the pio longhouses, I have found that many viously teaching is the most important neer missionaries in Taiwan, the Rev. professing Christians are still tom be part of ministry. James Dixon, always said that there tween their new faith and the old were many similarities between the gods and customs. Let me give you an Are the present cultural practices of hill tribes of Taiwan and other in example: your own people and the !bans digenous peoples in South East Asia. There was one house that I went to similar? He pointed out that although there -to hold a service and the Tuai No, they are not really the same were many Chinese missionaries from Rumah (headman) explained to me now because our people have already Taiwan going to other countries, there that it was not possible for the people been influenced by Christianity. But were no "native" missionaries being to make a cash offering because the before I came here I used to be sent. His feeling was that the hill Chinese trader had not called at the annoyed with the missionaries who tribesmen would have much more in house and so the people had not been came to our people and told them: common with the other overseas able to sell their goods and produce. "You must stop doing this, it is wrong; I accepted this explanation at the tribes. So he encouraged the forma instead you must follow this practice." tion of an indigneous missionary com time. But later that night one of the mittee. After his death this work was older people had a bad dream and as This happened in a number of cases taken over by his wife and the "Burn a result of it he believed that if a spe and I could not see why a certain ing Bush Missionary Society" came cial "miring" offering ceremony was thing should be "wrong." But now into being. This committee is respon not held in the house he would die I've come here to Sarawak I've sible for the raising of funds and re within three years. changed my mind and I realize that cruitment. It so happened that I was I noticed that despite the apparent this apparently "negative" way of one of the first volunteers and when "pover,ty" of that house, the people teaching is good because now I have the opportunity came for me to come were able to quickly raise several to do the same kind of thing myself. to Sarawak, I was glad to accept. hundred dollars to pay for the feast. • [73] 21 HEN it comes to drug usage in this country, to use the W words of the salesman in The Music Man, "We've got prob lems!" There is a paucity of accurate statistical information to gauge their magnitude. The scene changes rapid ly, but according to all accounts there has been in American society during recent years a drastic upsurge of drug usage of all types. Moreover, we have been undergo ing of late a spate of articles in popu lar magazines and through other news media concerning the use of drugs by the young. These reports have suc ceeded in keeping us all "on edge" about the problem. It has a way of intruding into nearly every unsuspect ing community, onto most college campuses, and into many of our own homes as well. When by chance this situation is found in our own families, it is not only highly disturbing to parents but is likely to trigger us into a panic of shock, guilt and over-reaction of one kind or another. On the one hand, we are likely to lash out in a highly sup pressive and judgmental fashion at our off-spring, thereby destroying any • real chance for effective communica- This comprehensive look at what communities can do to combat the growing problem of drug abuse is adapted from a booklet on the subject published by the North Conway Institute. Mrs. Mathews is also known as the wife of Bishop James K. Mathews of Boston and the daughter of evangelist E. Stanley Jones. EUNICE JONES MATHEWS 22 [74] tion and possible solution. On the co, alcoholic beverages and other great contemporary concern is the other hand, we may be tempted "to drinks that things go better with. erupting of widespread drug usage sweep the matter under the rug," But in a more specific sense we may particularly among the young and which in the long run is even more be on the way toward becoming a even more particularly among the detrimental. drug culture by widespread reliance young of economically privileged When the "drug problem" strikes on drugs that have traditionally been background. The fact that our society our community we are likely to view available only by prescription. Use of is oriented toward easily available it, first of all, with horror and disbe such drugs, whether licitly or illicitly, chemical comfort is not enough to ac lief. Our mind-set tells us, "It can't has been greatly increased. Many count for this. The causes are both happen here." If we perchance live in competent observers feel that this is broader and deeper. A few, at any a fashionable suburban community, the case and if it is we may be head rate, merit particular mention. town leaders and political agencies ing toward problems of new and seri It is altogether too easy, in simplistic themselves may have a tendency to ous dimension. Youth today may well fashion, to attribute the current drug discount the seriousness of the situa determine whether or not ours will be phenomenon to the "generation gap." tion. At the community level likewise a drug culture of this character. Ex But communication across this gap we tend to over-react in a fashion amples of other societies which have has always been difficult and stagna similar to that evidenced within the chosen this course do not make this an tion would undoubtedly result if sons bosom of the family. inviting prospect. always agreed with their fathers. Ref Let us reflect for a moment: In a erences to lapses in communication broad sense ours is a drug culture. We The "Why" of Drug Use between the generations are to be are all of us conditioned to take a pill The question naturally arises as to found throughout literature. The for instant relief from all sorts of the reasons why people turn to drug classic Greek philosophers refer to it ailments, from headache, stomach up use. Obviously the reasons are com as do the Old Testament prophets. sets and "iron-tired blood" to malad plex. A certain small percentage of This phenomenon has persisted justment with our neighbors, or for people-not all of them young-have through the ages to the present but inner tranquility with ourselves. We in many periods of history indulged currently it is more heavily accented have been accustomed to this from in this practice. This may be from perhaps because of the multiplicity of early childhood. We are bombarded deep personal proµiptings or due to changes we have undergone, and the daily and repeatedly with TV and 'circumstances which society has im consequent quickening tempo of life. radio commercials offering a packaged posed upon them and for which so "Generations" are now of shorter solution to our problems of whatever ciety as a whole must accept a meas duration and the chasm separating nature-medicines, coffee, tea, tobac- ure of responsibility. What is of so them broader. Sociological, economic and racial differences in themselves tiplicity of impression and a paucity What we are saying is that the seem to have little bearing on the of opportunity fo r significant expres question of drug use, in the final matter. Rich and poor, college students sion . It affords little participation by analysis, is a question related to the and school dropouts, urban and rural youth in the formulation of society's meaning of life. For many, other tra youth are all represented in the mani goals or direct involvement in its ditional avenues and fountains of festation of an increasing alienation processes. The young suffer from in meaning have simply dried up. In from adults and the prevailing pat formation saturation and at the same many respects adults have contributed terns of adult society. Drug usage has time are cut off from meaningful en to this by their own payment of lip become symbolic of this element of gagement to the point of acute frustra service to social and religious ideals rebellion. tion. Drug use is one ·of the outlets and ends. How these ideals are to be Especially do college students ex for some who feel so afflicted. renewed or recovered is one of the perience in a more intensive form What our society is undergoing is a most important questions on the what young people in general feel massive, critical analysis , and often agenda of our whole culture. It is about the prevailing culture in which rejection, by the young of its very somewhat ironic that drug use, par they fi nd themselves. Increasingly this nature and presuppositions. Frequent ticularly of hallucinogens, is used as same experience is evident at the sec ly this critique is argued with more an excuse for just such a search for ondary and even primary educational pass ion than reason, but this in it significance and personal fulfillment. levels. For example, there is placed self is not sufficient grounds for it to The youth culture at its best does af upon the young the demand for excel be unheard and unheeded. Almost in firm individual and social values of lence, for academic and cognitive stinctively the young are on the right immense significance, but those who achievement, for the meeting of stand track in their critique. They are aware pursue the use of drugs unfortunately ards, for performance of intellectual that the actions of the adult world numb themselves into a position of in routines, for constant preparation for often do not conform to their preten ability to fulfill the very ideas and what comes next. Much of this seems sions and the resultant tendency is to ideals they espouse. In other words, to the young irrelevant and excessive "reject the whole package." They offer they fall into the very trap of which ly divorced from values they have a bill of particulars, such as the fol they complain in adults; that is, that come to prize. In other words, the lowing: the foll y of war, especially as their performance does not come up very social demands for excellence, experienced in Vietnam; continued to their profession. production and attainment which social and economic injustice, par There are, of course, individual and adults in Western society take for ticularly directed against minorities; private motives for drug experimenta- • granted are the ones most challenged denial of full humanity and dignity to tion, some of which are related to the by our youth. No wonder both sides the whole of human-kind. above considerations. There is the experience a generation gap. These shortcomings seem so patent matter of curiosity, of escape from The young see the overly intellect that many sensitive young people feelings of inferiority, of relief from ual emphases pressed upon them as easily reject traditional religious and the dullness and routine quality of being purchased at the expense of moral standards which they see the life, the easing of pains peculiar to elements of emotion, passion, the po adult generation espousing with little adolescent experience, the pursuit of etical, personal and interpersonal di seriousness and sincerity. Meanwhile pleasure. For some there is the claim mensions of living. Their lives are they "sit loose" with regard to the that they seek self-discovery and an somehow fragmented and dwarfed, virtues of hard work and delayed re expanded consciousness or mystical lacking in wholeness. Moreover, they wards; to the Protestant Ethic which experience. complain of an excessively delayed helped to develop this country; to Youth finds as an easy justification adulthood which "the system" forces patriotism as it is traditionally under for their experimentation the practice upon them. They instinctively find the stood. Their concerns are about the of their parents who find relief and educational experience as somehow weightier matters of genuine social release through another drug, namely, out of balance, perhaps equipping justice, environmental pollution, over alcohol. There are elements in the them for professional competence but population and ultimately the ques American cultural heritage which give leaving unanswered, and even un tion of human survival on this planet. sanction to these pursuits, for we have raised, the questions of an ultimate Our youth know they are in a new exalted self-development, enjoyment and existential nature; that is, as to world. They have not experienced, of leisure and the pursuit of happi the very meaning, purpose and destiny and can scarcely conceive, the type ness. of their lives. It appears that often of world adults take for granted. Their In the main, however, the prompt times drug use is merely symptomatic reaction is one we call alienation, but ings toward drug usage is not an in of the kind of turmoil this kind of the adults are in effect the aliens in a dividual but a social drive; that is, thing generates. world now strange to them. Mean more sociological than psychological. Furthermore, the young are a vastly while, many of the young have The pressure of one's peer group is over-stimulated generation. For their elected to "sit it out" in a society for many young people both inescapa whole lives they have been subjected dominated by the old who have little ble and irresistible. There may be to the multiple stimuli of television, sympathy for the perspective which is group pressure toward rebellion radio, movies and other mass media of so clear and fundamental to them. against parental supervision and au print, and sight and sound. This is They feel locked out of the adult thority, or just a collective seeking for bound to have created an inner tur world and, erroneously, many would "kicks." More than one young person moil and confusion, an almost frantic numb themselves against frustration is caught in the dilemma of dubious quality. Our society allows for a mul- by turning to drugs. and hesitant indulgence in drug con- 24 [76] "The young see the overly intellectual emphases pressed upon them as being purchased at the expense of elements of emotion, passion, the poetical, personal and interpersonal dimensions of living. Their lives are somehow fragmented and dwarfed, lacking in wholeness." sumption, or the one hand; or social ( 1) A large burden rests upon the Incidentally, in many traditional so os tracism on the other. He does not educational order. This is not merely cieties, and even in our own society dare to be different from his fr iends because of the educational ramifi ca at an earlier period, the presence of and finds social acceptance to be high ti ons of possible solutions, but also be grandparents or aunts and uncles in ly motivating and captivating in his cause of the peculiar personal and the household afforded a fa r better experience. We all like to be liked physical fa cilities that the total educa means of communication between the but never so much as in our tender tional sys tem affords for compre generations on such issues than the years. hensive effo rt. parents themselves can offer. This is Drug use, then, becomes a kind of ( 2) By definition the medical simply one of the losses we have suf tribal rite. It is a way of being "in." fraternity and medical fa cilities of fered due to this form of social change. When such compulsions are linked every type must have a proper share ( 7) Of prime importance is the with an almos t evangeli stic passion on if any effort that is to be mounted participation of youth themselves. No the part of the drug- user to convert shall have promise of success. campaign or program can be success others to the practice, the pic ture of ( 3 ) Quite clearly the political or fu l without their full involvement at social pressure is complete. No amount der must be involved, for in the fin al every level and from the very begin of preaching or moralizing can in it analysis it is only in this quarter that ning. Fortunately there is evidence of self break this powerful link. And any sufficient "clout" is ava ilable when it is their readiness to be so engaged and approach to the problem which does needed. evertheless, in all realism of their effective performance when not take this into account is sure to the very existence of such authority, they have been involved and trusted. fa il. It is true that the milder drugs, when misused and over-used, will ( 8) Needless to say the communi such as marijuana, have social signifi quickly jeopardize the success of com cations media has a vas t and very im cance-they are indulged in corpo munity-wide remedial meas ures whi ch portant role to play. In our shrunken rately. There is a tragic irony in the may be devised. world communication of all forms, fa ct that the harder drugs are not in ( 4 ) So evident is the religious con whether TV, radio or reading material, the main social, but lead to increased cern with the moral and spiritual, reaches so swiftly to all parts of our individuation, isolation and to per with the elements of meaning and country and the world that its stra sonal and private disaster. fee ling, that involvement of the re tegic significance as a vehicle of in The question is often raised as to ligio us community is also essential. flu ence cannot be under-estimated. whether or not there is a particular type of person who is prone to drug Comprehensive Community Action use and addiction. He has sometimes With no attempt to exhaust the pos been described as one from a mother "In no situation con we hope sibility, it would appear that an effec dominated fa mily, havin g strong feel that someone else is going to ti ve community program with respect ings of social rejection and in fe riority, solve our problems . .. . We to drug use and abuse would involve of being introverted, non-a thletic, at leas t the following factors: non-aggressive, sensitive. This is a ore all involved ." ( 1) Acknow ledgment that the com highly dubious and even dangerous munity has a problem. This may seem fie ld for generalization. When once to be self-evident but the fa ct remains the drug user was exceptional perhaps Here again , however, the history of an that in every community that was ob distinguishing characteristics could excessive judgmental approach, the served there was at least an initial re be enumerated. As the pattern of drug fear and rejection whi ch many youth luctance at this point and in some experimentation becomes more gen experience in regard to institutional instances a stout resistance was evi eral it is increasingly hazardous to reli gion, and the divided and even dent. urge such a characterization. divisive structure of the religious com ( 2) Organization for sustained ac munity, often constitute formidable tion. This would involve the coopera The Road to Possible Recovery barriers. The religious house must it tion of at least the groups listed above. Naturally a problem of such magni self be put in order if it is to be an Any program activated in a commu tude and complexity does not lend it effective instrument for human re nity must be stimulated and sustained self to single or easy solution. In no newal on the drug scene. by public-minded individuals of com situation can we hope that someone ( 5 ) Most communities are reason petence who are willing to commit else is going to solve our problems as ably endowed with public and private themselves to participation over the it may manifes t itself in our local com agencies of social service and these, long pull and through periods where munities. We are all involved. Action too, must be harnessed to a common the going becomes rough. An impor appropriate at state and national levels and concerted task. tant approach in organizing a commu is assumed and li es beyond the focus ( 6 ) A family caught up in the ex nity effort is a compilation of resources of this report. Responsible leaders and perience of drug use by one of its of a social and medical nature which citizens must not shirk the obligations members is likely, as we have said, to may be useful in possible refe rrals of which rest upon them in the fa ce of succumb to panic, or fea r, or evade some persons with a drug problem. so serious and threatening an issue, the issue. Perhaps the best that can be ( 3 ) The place of the legal arm. The which if unmet promises social de expressed from a family is a coopera right and obligation of society to ex terioration. At the very least, major tive, understanding attitude. Very ercise a measure of control wi th social cooperation is required and all often parents themselves are not the res pect to practices which affect the potential participants should be can most effective agents for dealing with welfa re and productivity of its mem vassed for their part in a local effort. their own child on the drug problem. bers must be affirmed. ( In the present 26 [78 ) crisis this may involve revision of some Effective education must lead to the overly severe penalties relative to the possibility of responsible decision use of drugs, while maintaining sever making. This often appears to be a ity of attitude toward those who pro lost art in our culture and needs mote and profit from its use. Details desperately to be relearned. It can be "Society's role is to see to it, as of this lie beyond the perspective of taught and fortunate, indeed, is the this paper. Our observation is that the community that has at its disposal far as possible, that the indi complete removal of res trictions on those who are endowed with this skill. vidual may be taught how to the use of some drugs, such as mari In the fin al analysis the individual make a responsible decision . ..." juana, would not appear to be justi must decide and some decisions de fied .) In any remedial effort law of termine one's des tiny. Society's role is ficers must be involved, but there is to see to it, as far as poss ible, that the especially called for on their part an individual may be taught how to make exercise of their responsibility with a a responsible decision, that he is pre certain res traint and humane quality, sented the basic facts and alternatives. if the other concomitant efforts are to Then, hopefully, a responsible de be successful. cision will be made. ( 4) Obviously, the educational ap ( 5) A fin al element in a compre proach is of fundamental importance, hensive program would appear to be but here, rather surprisingly, the way the presence or the devising of ade is strewn with hazards. It is very easy quate personal and collective models to get on the wrong wave length. An conducive to positive decisions and overly lurid presentation of the "evils attitudinal change. For adults this may of drug use" may be seen as ludicrous well raise the question as to what kind in the eyes of those who are supposed of model or example we are as persons. to be educated. An excessively real Collectively we may refl ect on the istic presentation of the experience of kind of society we would be. This may drug users may encourage experi mean taking seriously the legitimate mentation rather than the contrary. A criticisms leveled at our current pat heavily academic approach is not terns of culture, and engaging with ordinarily effective. Mere exposure to others in the construction of viable facts does not of itself assure change alternatives. It is of fundamental im of attitudes. As applied to drugs, this portance that such comprehensive would seem to involve an understand models should embrace a cosmic view ing of drugs, their use and abuse; and appropriate to a society that is not an understanding of ourselves, our merely local but global; not only di needs, drives and attitudes as well as rected toward the past but toward our resources for meeting li fe's de future possibility and which will en mands and contributing constructi vely able the individual to grasp himself to others. as significant. • [79) 27 PHIL HOMER HEN YOU'RE A SERVICEMAN'S lady, religious-style," laughs the WWIFE-n e w 1y transplanted gentle, silver-haired widow of sixty and lonely, bitter or bored-the five. "But, of course, I don't give church has something to offer. coupons." If it offers, through the mail, an What she does give is time, stamina, invitation to worship, that is good. If advice, interest, appreciation, forbear it offers a minister's personal counsel, ance, worry, laughter and hope. that is better. And if a layman is made Figuratively, she pulls strings and available for everything from running opens doors. Literally, she pushes errands to walking and listening, that babies in carriages, and steers their often is the best. mothers to pediatricians, social agen "It sounds strange, but many peo cies, etc. ple believe clergymen aren't human," Messrs. Chase and Sanborn know says Mrs. Robert Barnes of Mount volumes about coffee, but can they Holly, New Jersey, a mother of two match her total of gallons consumed and the wife of a major at nearby Mc while discussing people's problems? Guire Air Force Base. "A minister's "The two biggest problems among call is sort of formal. service wives are boredom and loneli "Whereas a Military Parish Visitor ness," says Mrs . Davenport. "Because • isn't someone you must tidy up for . of moving so much, they tend to de She just comes to say, 'Hi-I'm glad velop fewer close social relationships. you're here, and what can I do to "So I try to acquaint them with the help?' It really means something." clubs and activities that the military If it "really means something" to base offers . And occasionally I find a Mrs. Barnes, with eighteen years of volunteer project that can get a wife's military background, a visit from mind on someone else's needs." Elizabeth Davenport has meant even But she has discovered more than more to uncountable other, less ex one antidote for loneliness. perienced families from the airbase Korean-born Kim Lee, whose hus and from Fort Dix, the Army installa band was stationed at Fort Dix, could tion not far away. hardly speak English, knew no other One of twenty-seven Military Par- "stateside" Orientals, and felt home :S.=ml::~:S ish Visitors co-sponsored by the sick to the point of suffering severe United Presbtyerian Board of Nation tension headaches. Then her worried al Missions and by the church's One mother-in-law was referred to the reat Hour of Sharing, she has done visitor, which led to a plan of action. e important work since 1956-the One morning Mrs. Davenport in ear the program began. troduced the lonely Kim to four of her Her Mount Holly home also func countrywomen. That afternoon the ions as office and halfway house, father-in-law and Mrs. Davenport here at times the world has come to drove with her to an Asian foods store er door in the form of families from in the town of Browns Mills, a few r:::======::::llJ.J ....ai mnfirteen nations, plus Puerto Rico. miles distant. ..-~ - ...... Like the other MPVs (both male After buying green tea and Kimchee and female) serving throughout Amer (a hot, fermented dish) , the woman ica, Mrs. Davenport contacts only the felt less homesick. Thereafter, her so families living off base, unless a chap cial life increased and the headaches lain requests an on-base visit. She grew fewer and less intense. metimes prays during a call, though A second Korean woman-named ~~----~ _ ,,,__ot routinely. And she recommends Son J a, a registered nurse and the ~·~~:..- the local Presbyterian church, ougli sister of another Fort Dix soldier's not didactically. wif~lived with Mrs. Davenport for "I suppose I'm the Welcome Wagon a year. Her need was full-time em- 28 [80] Elizabeth Davenport (left) listens as Mrs. Robert Barnes, the wife of a major at McGuire Air Force Base, describes the problems of being newly transplanted from Californfa . ployment, a requirement for renewing contacted by Mrs. Davenport. And Last Christmas, a card reached Mrs. her visa. thirty-five dollars meal money was Davenport, describing the couple's Did she locate it? Yes, at nearby given by First Presbyterian Church of now-stable life and announcing a birth Burlington County Hospital, follow Mount Holly. in the family. ing an extended search accompanied In fact, the church regularly con "Sometimes I hold my breath," ad by the Military Parish Visitor. tributes to the visitor's ministry. For mits the visitor. Likewise successful in job-hunting example, a playpen recently donated Another person holding his breath was a woman from Greece whose sis to a Panamanian mother for her five is the Reverend David B. Tallman, su ter's husband served at McGuire. Mrs. month-old. perviser of the military program. Says Davenport found a food processor, Disappointments ar'se. One newly he: also Greek, with appropriate work to arrived wife answered Mrs. Daven "I tell (her), 'What's so special offer. port's knock with a sour, "Sorry-I'm about age sixty-five? Keep on going.' "Foreign-born women have a spe not interested in religion." And a GI Really, though, Mrs. Davenport cial place in my heart," Mrs. Daven just returned from night work re would be tough to replace. Not only port says. "Besides the normal new sponded to a morning visit by groan does she do the day-to-day work beau ness, they have cultural difficulties ing and slamming the door. tifully; she instructs our new people such as timidity that make them more But more typical was this surprised, in New England, Washington, D.C. uncomfortable than we can surmise." feminine reaction: "Well, you're the and elsewhere." Which doesn't mean that the Amer first person to come here and not be Retirement, nevertheless, calls ap ican families she meets are uniformly selling something!" pealingly; and she may answer "yes" better off. Even potentially tragic develop this year. Her four grown children, Last August, a family of six trav ments have smoothed out. plus nine grandchildren, comprise the elled from Washington State to Mc It was the New Year's holiday, sev main reason. Guire airbase on only forty dollars eral years ago, when a young Illinois "The church has always found com and a gasoline credit card. ("They couple came to the Davenport home petent people to do God's work," says spent the nights in and under their late at night. A soldier, he was headed Mrs. Davenport, refusing to be stuck car," reports Mrs. Davenport.) When for Vietnam, obviously despondent; with an "irreplaceable" label. "And I they arrived, not only their church and, in the visitor's guest room, his have no doubt that Mr. Tallman will sponsored hostess got busy, but the despondency led to a suicide attempt find THE person, once he begins local congregation, too. via barbiturates. searching. For the few days of the family's From that dreary circumstance "As for what I've been able to do New Jersey stay, before their flight to have ensued happier things. The for some wonderful service wives and Germany for duty, they lived in motel young man's life was saved, and he their loved ones: It's been my great rooms provided by the Red Cross- was discharged on a medical basis. pleasure." • W n.so INN, Richmond, Virginia pro vides a quality of home-life-beauty of surroundings, warmth of aHection, high standards-that mu t uplift and enrich very girl who uv there, whether h comes from a stable fam ily or from a brok n home. h com to the city to tud or find work-and, as a rule, to marry. Last year thi Methodist-related girls' re idence erved 154 girls. The age range ha been changed from 17- 21 to 17-25. 'W found older girls needed Wil on Inn a much aid u ie Peach Fo ter, th Inn' ch, rming and com pa sionat dir tor. uThey are alone in the city. Th want to mak friends, and th y \ ant to Ii e in a group whil th m k th adju tment to city lif ." an a nc of th ational Di- vision of th nHed 1 thodist B rd of iis ion , \ ii on Inn con ide all appu tion without re ard to r Ii- nt "ariou Prot La t year for time Baptists ( 57 ) outnumbered Richmond is just beginning to accept "They said, 'Yes, we can accept United Methodists ( 48) . The family Negro students. A public relations per them at work. But this is our home, also welcomed five Roman Catholic son from the school asked if we would we cannot accept them here."' Since girls, one Jewish girl, and two Bud accept some of their students as resi the integration of Wilson Inn this atti dhist girls from Thailand. dents." This year, two black girl stu tude has changed. According to Miss The religious variety at Wilson Inn dents from Pan-American were ac Foster, "our life here together is going causes little anxiety. The racial policy cepted as residents at Wilson. smoothly." is a far harder one for the girls to Wilson has undertaken some pre Even at work, Miss Foster pointed swallow. paratory "education" in an effort to out, the girls had to change their atti "More of our girls come from South change the racial attitudes of its fam tude. "They just haven't had the ex side Virginia than anywhere else," ily. Said Miss Foster: "I talked with perience of associating with Negroes." Miss Foster said, "and that's where the House Council well over a year A Southerner herself, Miss Foster there has been the greatest resistance ago-in the spring of 1969. I just spoke gratefully of her own "awaken to integration. Many of them have poured out my heart to the girls. I ing" from prejudice in her under graduated from those private acad wanted them to see that Wilson Inn graduate days at Huntington College emies [the private white schools set has a responsibility to help and serve and later when she was studying for up, particularly in Prince Edward all girls- Negro and other nationali her Master's degree in sociology at County, to circumvent federal de ties and races-as well as white, that Scarritt College, Nashville. segregation orders]." as part of the United Methodist "The scales just fell from my eyes," For the past two years, Miss Foster Church and the Board of Missions she said. "Miss Louise Young at Scar said, Wilson had no applications from we must show no discrimination. I ritt opened up opportunities for us to black girls. Two applications did come told them that I personally felt that know students and faculty at Fisk from black girls attending a local busi this was the right way, and asked for University. And of course we had ness college. "One girl we would have their cooperation." opportunities to serve at Bethlehem taken," she said, "but she did not com She shook her head sadly. "No one Center. Prejudice just fell away. plete the application. The other ap was then willing to accept a Negro. I "You feel so liberated, so free," she plication came at a time we were al said to them, 'I can't believe there is exclaimed, "when you're not bound by ready turning girls away. We would not one.' this prejudice. have put her on the waiting list, but "The answer was, 'There may be a "When the girls here say, 'I was she found another place." few.' brought up that way, I can't change,' Miss Foster went on, "The Pan ··1 said, 'But don't you work with I tell them, I was brought up the same American Business School here in them?' way, and I was older than you and I [ 83] 31 changed.'" ployed at a workshop for the visually Monday through Friday. "The girls Besides talking with the House handicapped. pay the lodging tax, the Inn pays the Council, Miss Foster held discussions Another Wilson girl, a deaf mute, food tax,'' Miss Foster said. with all the girls at Wilson. The fir st works as a key punch operator at the Wilson Inn was hard hit when the meeting included two women mem Division of Motor Vehicles. Her Wil Smithdeal-Massey Business School bers of the Wilson Inn Board, and a son family found no trouble communi opened dorms for its students. Many young minister, also a board member cating with her- in writing! Still an S-M girls lived at Wilson Inn in the and a member of the Virginia Confer other Wilson girl, suffering from past. ence Board of Missions, who led the cerebral palsy-"it affected her legs," ''We were self-supporting till about discussion. Miss Foster said-qualified for office four years ago," Miss Foster said. For a subsequent discussion Miss work at the Farm Bureau. "Last year the Virginia Conference Foster invited two black speakers to "The courage and patience of these Women's Society pulled us out of the talk with the girls. One was a minis girls," Miss Foster said, "is a lesson to hole." The hole took $2,700. ter, the other a woman who was then the Wilson Inn family. To see how Wilson Inn is a home of unusual president of Church Women United they rise above their handicaps is dignity and taste. Its decor and fur of Richmond. Miss Foster described good for us all." nishings reflect culture and gracious her as "lovely, open, and frank," some Whenever possible Wilson Inn re living. In the broad center hall stands one who came across acceptably to sponds to calls from welfare and re a highly polished chest with one white the girls. She was a guest also at din habilitation agencies to help girls from pedestal candy dish and at the time ner at the Inn-"a good thing for the broken homes. of our visit an arrangement of white girls to see." "We could fill the house with prob flowers. Anyone meeting and talking with lem girls,'' Miss Foster said, "but we In the sitting room where Terry Wilson girls finds it hard to believe are not a rehabilitation agency. Yet was playing solitaire there is a spinet they could long harbor irrational where can these girls go? It breaks my and an exquisite picture of a Korean prejudice. Terry, for instance. When heart to have to turn them down, but boy in ceremonial dress. we first saw her she was playing emotionally disturbed people have This house at 2037 Monument Ave solitaire on the floor of the small sit special needs. We have very few sin nue was built in 1910 by a man named ting room at the right of the front gle rooms. Most of our rooms are for Wilson, "but it was named Wilson Inn door as you come in. Another girl, two and three girls." for a Methodist bishop of that name," Sandy, and her boy friend kibitzed And they are all typically "girl" Miss Foster said. from the sofa. In a talk later with rooms, painted in pastel colors, filled The girls have a big basement Terry we learned she was having her with stuffed animals, snapshots, signs lounge filled with books, records, a own struggles against "prejudice,'' not that say "Sock It To Me" and "Private record player-and a fireplace. A the skin-color kind but a kind just as Property-Pass at Own Risk,'' fancy laundry and sewing room are nearby. demeaning. She was working as a file pillows-and occasionally fireplaces, On the second floor is a small prayer clerk and was expecting to be pro left from the house's earlier day of room done in warm wood paneling. moted to service order clerk at a big private-family grandeur. A slender cross, illuminated from be catalogue firm, but she wants a job as Miss Foster added, "If we were to hind, is the room's only decoration. a computer programmer. When she do more with problem girls, we would An open Bible rests on the small kneel applied for one she was turned down have to have a staff with different ing desk in front of it. -on two counts : "They want a man," qualifications." Miss Foster said the prayer room she said, "and I don't have two years The staff at present consists of the is used, "at least some of the time, of college." director and three assistants, all house especially when girls are troubled." It was a blow, but Terry is not giv mothers. They all share the supreme In the adjoining house a long din ing up. She is pretty sure she will qualification which Miss Foster calls ing room accommodates clusters of someday break through the "male" "long ears"-the capacity to listen, to tables set for four. "We have our barrier. understand, to encourage. meals family style,'' Miss Foster said. Later we met Joan from Front And to keep Wilson Inn going-it A stainless steel kitchen suggests effi Royal, Virginia, so happily adjusted comprises three big houses, two ad ciency and good meals. to Wilson Inn living she'd like to stay joining, of the substantial mansion Many of the Korean paintings and practically forever. She works as a key type that line Richmond's stately art objects in the house reflect Miss punch operator and is treasurer of her Monument Avenue-there are three Foster's love of the country she served Methodist Church. cooks, four maids, two kitchen helpers, for ten years as a missionary. Before We had a chance to wish happiness and a janitor. coming to Wilson Inn in 1963 she was to Jeannie, a bride-to-be. "Thank you,'' Like many a family, and organiza housemother at Mary Washington she laughed, ''I'll need all I can get." tion, Wilson Inn is feeling the financial College. These and all the other Wilson girls squeeze. Wages have risen. Money Wilson Inn has special interest have shown their compassionate and has to be put into a staff retirement groups and programs, vespers, and understanding natures by accepting fund. There are new city taxes. And guest speakers for the girls through into their circle girls who are "making residencies now fluctuate, so that not out the year. it" in spite of physical handicaps. all the rooms are occupied straight "And there are so many parties One girl, totally blind, lived at Wil through the year. Single rooms are birthdays, engagements . . ." Miss son Inn for a year and a half while she $19 a week, double and triple, $18. Foster smiled. "Our function is still to took a training course. She is now em- This includes breakfast and dinner be a home away from home." • .. HOLIDAYS Sundays, days off All have their place But sometimes I wonder Don't we rest and pray Everydayl TRIVIA hat is it Can a bent pen at drives me And a punctured at love inside Tubeless tire at tells me CANNOT ESCAPE, YOURS, YOUR GRACE Be a part of my be me even if Let me love you now and Divinely ordained destiny eans being a Out of my soul will pour I and a fool My work All the goodness, all the kindness ve to be Upon this earth All the strength, and conviction That is locked up and that cannot escape. Can a pin that slipped Or a zipper that caught Let me love you now and Determine what I'm worth I will find my true way and Can a red necklace You yours. Or a blue stocking give I.et me love you now and there The message that ....--""- W,ill come between us a greater Tells my love ve that will be the coming Come frdm above f my spirit freed That I am his and hers By your grace. Can all these things Have any meaning Or relevancel HOW DO YOU FIND LOVEJ When it comes It comes You go out And grab it Visit an astrologer Rent one For the night Sign a petition Go out and Get married 'nk at A [15] u of diseases which are transmitted by Hies. Our one year of intensive train ing in all departments includes em CONGO phasis on how to maintain good health. The Trade section of our work shares in the battle against insect NUTRITION pests. Good-fitting wire screens for Anyone involved in community de doors and windows eliminate the need velopment work will eventually come for mosquito nets which are hot and to the conclusion that we are some airless and frequently rendered useless times imposing our ideas, which are when children tear the fine mesh. The often foreign, upon those who are not family houses as well as the boys' yet ready to receive them. One factor dormitories are all being protected in which must be taken into considera this way. The incidence of malaria tion and has been called the "felt among the students has been remark need" is that the people themselves ably low. When the students first must realize the need for better condi come to CEDECO they have a gen tions and must be prepared to do eral medical examination. Each one something towards achieving them. receives antitetanus serum, smallpox, In this part of the Congo, we do not vaccination, and a test for tubercu face the problem of hunger so much losis. Several students received as that of malnutrition. Inadequate B.C.G., but we are glad to report that nutrition leads to lack of energy, with we have only one needing treatment lower work production. It means de for tuberculosis. Richard Prosser creased resistance to disease and a shorter life expectancy. Food not only Mr . Prosser, a United Presbyterian, influences health, but is also closely serves with the Congo Protestant linked with the economic and cultural Council at the Community Develop development of a nation. ment Center (CEDECO ) at Kimpese. We feel that emphasis should be The school was originally founded • given to the improvement of increas to train Angolan refugees. It now ing production of crops which are best educates both Angolans and Congo FROM suited to the climate and soil of the lese in trades, agriculture, nutrition area. We must promote an awareness and public health. of the value of good seed. In develop ing countries there is still much to be learned before the problem of insect pests can be overcome. Soil experts and plant pathologists are needed. ETHIOPIA There is also the importance of dis seminating information through classes, visual aids, practical demon strations and distribution of litera STEWARDSHIP ture. Plans for solving a local nutri The most significant thing that has tional problem may fail if proper at happened in Mettu since our return tention is not given to existing habits from furlough has been the awakening and taboos. It is not impossible to of a group of local people in the af change the dietary customs, but a fairs of the church and in evangelism. change of this type requires patience. It all began several months ago when One of the most urgent needs is for about seven people, some of them hos education in nutrition, not only in pital workers, others from town, de schools, but also in adult communities. cided to form a nucleus of elders, so We are preparing a series of leaflets called, to meet weekly and plan the in the Kikongo language with dia work of our local church. Up to this grams and simple explanatory sen time, the church was mainly the busi tences. The first one is already in ness of a few missionaries· and the circulation, and members of our pub Ethiopian pastor. Then this group got lic health team are working on one together and took the lead in going to deal with flies and the prevention out to the villages every Sunday to preach, teach and encourage the percent of the monthly income of the laboratory technician, one dispenser, lo al Chri tians which met in small members. The work is self-supporting and one dresser. groups. About the same time they b - now, and appears to be able to keep There are many babies brought in gan to get interested in the fin ances of going should the missionaries be with with tetanus after being born at home th church, which had always b en drawn. Within a week the government or in the bush. The cord is cut with supported by sp cial gifts from hospital chapel will be vacated by the an unsterile knife and in a few days abroad, plus the few dollars each congregation and the worship will be the baby has tetanus. In 1969 this cen week from the Sunday coll ection. gin in the church off the government ter had a fifty-two percent recovery They had heard that a few hristians compound. rate of tetanus babies, which is very in or had begun to tith one tenth. I mention all this as significant, for good, but it is still a discouraging Th y decid d to do the same thing. I feel that we have taken the lead in thing to see forty-eight percent die This 1 d to their thinking, "Why can't showing how missionaries can, in a with a disease that should be eradi w ask for upport from all in M ttu very few years, plant a church, using cated . . Diseases commonly treated who com to and are interest d in our a trained Ethiopian pastor, and get it here are malaria, amoebic dysentery, hristi an mission?" I was able to help financially and spiritually stabilized all kinds of worms and parasites, and them to plan a stewardship campaign, and self-s ufficient ( free of foreign malnutrition. aim d at looking up all these people domination, and yet have the con Baby clinic is held on Tuesday and one by one, asking them what they cern and full cooperation of the mis Thursday with about 200 children were willing to pledge monthly toward sionaries and the local Christians ). under two years of age participating. a $300 budget we had prepar d, and Only one missionary is on the direct Some CARE foods are distributed to getting them to sign pledges for this ing group of "elders." those that need it, they are given amount. Thomas W. Nichol vitamins, and sometimes a baby dress that has been made by a WSCS or W didn't know how this would Thomas W. Nichol, M.D., is one of some other group. Malaria suppres turn out, but we were quit bold two doctors on the staff of the govern sants are also given the children, all wh n w went into this. We prepared ment hospital in Mettu, Ethiopia. Mrs. free of charge. The mothers are en our budget, listing everything we ichol, R.N., assists on the staff. The couraged to feed the children foods thought a church in Mettu ought to Mettu hospital was established by the be doing, and doing with local sup Ethiopian government, but staffed by that are available and nutritious. The port, which included the pastor's United Presbyterian missionaries. local custom has been to nurse babies salary, the support of an evangelist, till they are between eighteen and support of a bookstore evangelist, and twenty-four months without any solid regular itineration. We were delighted foods. Then suddenly they are ex to find that people were willing to pected to eat solid food only, often pledge, many of them with a Biblical not the foods that are nutritious, and tithe. The missionaries were afraid of SIERRA LEONE many die at that age. weighting thi budget with contribu Friday is prenatal clinic, and last tions by the missionaries themselves, Friday brought ninety-eight expectant so w created a second part to the mothers. They are also given vitamins budget, above the $300, which would WELL BABIES and iron. To encourage them to attend tak the pledge of two out of the three At the present time we are in clinic, they are given a lower rate for foreign families and ' hatever Ethiopi Jaiama, ima Koro, in the heart of delivery if they have been at least ans gave above the regular budget. the diamond mining district. Here we five times before. s it turned out, the first part of the have a maternity center, primary budget was sub cribed almost to the Each new baby leaves the center school, and secondary school. ... limit by the Ethiopians, while a good with a new dress and a blanket. It is This is a busy place since the dia not too unusual to hear of a woman amount is coming in monthly to be set monds have brought an increase in aside for later "church development." coming who has had a number of the population for this area. Women babies, none living, all having died of In th long run, this has done much and children are treated here in the for the spirit in the church. With over tetanus. So they come to the maternity out-patient clinic, and maternity cases center hoping to have one that will fift y p ople pledging, we have found and babies with tetanus are admitted that many of them have taken an ac escape death. Recently a woman came for care. \Ve have two German nurse who had eight babies, all of whom tive intere t in the church and the midwife missionaries here. Brunhilde mini try it provides, so that in effect had died of tetanus. Gobel is serving her second term un The William Johnsons the are now giving more than just der the American United Methodist their money. The amount that they Board of Missions, and Renate Hom William and Meryl Johnson are en are paying is ignificant and worth re is serving under the newly organized gaged in construction, maintenance lating to the church at home--de pite G rman Board. Sierra Leone people and other work at Mitchner Memorial low alaries in an expensive place to make up the rest of the staff. includ Hospital, part of the United Method live, the average pledge is about six ing one midwife, five nurses, one ist Mission at Jaiama. [87) 35 (WINDOW ON THE UN) F MOST RURAL NEWSPAPERS seem less than mas terpieces of literary ge Rural I nius and craftmanship, they do play a vital and fri endly rol e in the lives of rural people. Newspapers What would the small town, th e isolated farm , be without them? No one would know who spent Sunday with relatives, who took a trip to in Literacy Florida, who was engaged, who won the snow-mobile race, or who was in the hospital. How would a villager know what was going on at the school, Role whose barn burned down, what church groups were planning, how the fi sh were biting, what the village council had on the agenda, whose cat was lost, whose dog bit the postman? The U.S. undoubtedly takes its small-town and country newspapers for granted-old friends coming week ly, sometimes oftener, with news and gossip and recipes and ads for bar gains, necessities, longed-for luxuries. In Africa it's a different story. There's· scarcely a rural newspaper to be found. But not long ago the United States Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organi za tion ( UNESCO) decided something should be done to end this rural news famine. Yet ending the famine was not the only, or even the primary, objective. I UNESCO had another goal : to pro mote literacy via rural newspapers. Last summer the agency organi zed I a seminar to study the possibilities of introducing locally produced news papers in the rural areas of African, and ultimately Asian and Latin Amer ican, developing countries. Held at the Mass Communication Institute of the University of Dakar, Senegal, the two-month (May 4-July 3) seminar attracted mass communi cation specialists from ten African countries. Among them were several UNESCO fellows who had studied journalism at the Training Center for Journalists or the Advanced School of Journalism in Paris, the center in Strasbourg, or the Dakar Institute; also, journalist with several years' ex perience in public information fi elds. The validity of rural newspapers as illiteracy-demolishers was not un animously endorsed. Several seminar participants felt that with an illiteracy Literacy programs assisted by UNESCO in such countries as Cameroon and Mali take a variety of forms. In some classes in Mali, children and parents leam to gether (below). In Cameroon (opposite page, left), literacy classes are part of a community development program. In villages in Mali (o pposite page, right), pilot schemes are taught by agricultural technicians and by a number of selected literate farm ers. rate of 80 percent in most African in the Science and Techniques of In in journalism are evident in Africa. countries, rural newspapers could not form ation, inculcates a very down-to One such sign is the recent opening of do the job that radio could in provid earth approach to rural journali sm. a School of Journalism at Nairobi by ing education and information for the The thesis is: get to local mimeograph Kenya's Minister of Education. Ac rural population. machines ( in schools, for example ) cording to U ESCO Features, this Studies pursued during the seminar, and use teachers and high school school was set up to train journalists however, did convince participants of graduates to turn out small mimeo from East and Central Afri ca. It was the urgency of the need for grass-roots graphed papers. Local advertisers es tablished as part of the University communication, and participants were foot the bill. College, Nairobi, with assistance from asked to prepare a list of suggestions A venture of this type in Liberi a the government of Kenya and for se tting up a rural pi'ess in Africa. a few years ago illustrates its prac UNESCO. It is also receiving bilateral In fa ct, the seminar was the fir st ticality. It is described in a UNESCO aid from Denmark and Norway. step in a 1971-72 pilot project to de how-to brochure. Within ten months Thirty-five students from nine velop a rural press in French-speak this grass-roots publishing project, countries in Eas t and Central Afri ca ing Africa. This project will enable without trained writers or editors or are enrolled in the first two-year di the countries to request assistance admen, had thirty local newspapers ploma course. Next year UNESCO from UNESCO in the preparation of rolli ng off the mimeo machines . The will provide fe llowships for students rural press projects and in launching only "professionals" involved were an accepted at the school. rural periodicals. Agency for international Development The related field of book publishing To one UNESCO official, rural ( AID ) adviser and a Liberian Infor got special attention last fa ll in the newspapers hold a key to more effec mation Service officer. These thirty Congo in a six-week course ( Septem tive literary work: That key is grass "local papers" not only served their ber 14-0 ctober 24) at Kinshasa. Ten roots involvement. In his view, unless local readers; they supplied the "big publishing and printing representa the people themselves get into the act, city" newspaper and radio stations tives from French-speaking African with tools they themselves can manage with rural news for reprinting and countries took part. Given in French -and locally produced papers are broadcasting. by a UNESCO consultant, the course such tools-all the higher-level aid In his foreword to th e UNESCO included lectures on theory and prac and programs won't cure the illiteracy booklet, Prof. Cyril 0 .-Houle, a world tical work on a printing press in plague. literary expert and head of the De Kinshasa. Subjects covered included And in most developing countries partment of Education of the Univer general techniques of publishing, se there are no locally produced news sity of Chicago, points out that the lection of printing paper, estimates ; papers except in the capital cities. press, which has played a major role offset, color and other printing tech Senegal, where the seminar was in building modern civilizations, can niques ; mono and linotype setting; held, fa ces the same li teracy problem typography; photo reproduction; cor other developing countries fa ce. About play an equally important role in the developing countries. rection of proofs, layouts, and binding. 90 percent of Senegal's three million Though designed to help the devel people live outside Dakar, the capital. Costs of a rural press program are opment of national book industries in Dakar has just one daily newspaper. es timated to be far less than more UNESO's African member states, the It is printed in French, yet most elaborate projects and more effective Senegalese speak a native language, in number of people reached and in course equipped still more people to Woloof. volved. contribute to the promotion of literacy One UNESCO course, taught at Apart from the 1971-72 rural press through the know-how of publishing Dakar University's Center for Studies pilot project signs of growing interes t -in all its forms. • [ 91] 39 - - - - - ~ ~ dary situation that has been the appeal and new nation-and quite readil y ~ of Bonhoeffer over the last twenty- fi ve accepted b y later arrivals from other years. The most dramatic boundary situ lands. They also exhibit, as the editor Htmlcs ation for Bonhoeffer came when he de- suggests, "a robust faith in a living God ~ ...... -" ided to move from pass ive resistance to ( ~ - judgin g, correctin g, disciplining, guid - the Third Reich to be an active con ing, and directing the American people) spirator against Hitler. Bethge described being slowly eroded and reduced to the ~ ~~ Bonhoeffer's "double li fe" (698-702) and pale affi rm ations of twentieth-century - what it meant for this sensiti ve com 'civil religion.'" mited Christi an to refuse an asylum else Professor Hudson feels that there where and return to Ge1m any (in the were "common opinions"-reli gious, po late summer of 1939) to take his stand. litical, social-among mos t of the early DIETRICH BONHOEFFER by Eber At Christmas, 1942 Bonhoeffer-less colonists and later arrivals. "By and large hard Bethge. New York, 1970 : H arper than three months from hi s arrest and the adherents of the different denomina and Row, 867 pages, $17.95. imprisonment-summarized this stand by tions believed the same things," he notes. A biography Iran lated from the Ger saying "The ultimate question for the re " fo reover this common faith became man and running over 850 pages usuall y sponsible man to ask is not how he is to progressively more uniform in the eigh should be reserved for the scholar. This extricate himself heroicall y from the af teenth century as the tide of evangelical is not true of this brilliant biography of fa ir, but how the coming generation is reli gion swept through the colonies, pen the German martyr Dietrich Bonhoeffer to live." etrating and reshaping the life of even by Eberhard Bethge. It is clearly written, His testimony. sealed by his death in the non-British denom inations. It made a arranged in a forthright manner that April 1945, is still helpin g generations further contribution to national self-con combines the life and writings of Bon to li ve in a "world comin g of age." In sciousness by emphas izing the bonds of hoeffer in a way that gives a complete this brief review it is difficult to d o sympathy and mutual affection which picture of the man. The book is especial justi ce to this great and compassionate united God's people in America. What ly exciting for those wishing to know biography. No other man could probably was in volved was a union of hearts, not a about the conditions of the German peo write this volume than Bethge, the foend mere meeting of minds .... ple before and during the rise of the who gave the world Bonhoeffer's Letters "The gatherings for unison prayer, for Third Reich, especiall y when read in con and Papers from Prison. We are in his example, became visible symbols and nection with such writers as Albert debt. An excellent index and series of even instruments of intercolonial soli Speer. splendid photographs of Bonhoeffer, his darity. More important, at a time when "new/WORLD OUTLOOK" readers fa mil y and fri ends enrich the verbal por intercolonial contacts were few, was the should profit especially from the uncom trait. activity of itinerant clergymen. Even be promisi ng way Bethge discusses the situ WILLIAM BLAIR GOULD fore the revival, men such as F ra ncis ation of the German Church in the 1920s Makemie, George Keith, Abel Morgan, through the second World War. Few of Dr. Gou ld is author of The Worldly Chris Henry fohlenberg, and later F rancis us poss ibly realize that it was not the tian: Bonhoefier on Discipleship (Fortress Asbury provided a link between the Press, 1967) and is currently writing a text colonies by moving up and down the official German Lutheran Church (taken book on Ki erkegaard . over by the Nazis) that caused Bon coast and into the hinterland, looking hoeffer so much mental anguish but the after respective constituencies, gathering NATIONALISM AND RELIGION IN confessing Church which he helped or people into churches, and forming colo AMERICA, edited by Winthrop S. ganize as a protest against apostasy. He nial synods, associations and assemblies. lived and died betrayed by some he had Hudson. ew York, 1970: Harper and .. . Three decades before George Wash Row; 211 pages (paper ), $3.50. known as friends and brethren. ington, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jef Bethge not only describes Bonhoeffer's As Americans today seem to be in ferson, and Patrick H enry emerged into official li fe as a pas tor, teacher, and volved in "revolutions" in almost every prominence, the names of such revi val preacher, but shows how he grew from area of the li fe that has developed on this ists as George Whitfield, Jonathan Ed being a self-conscious Lutheran to a continent during the pas t three and half wards, and Gilbert Tennant, had become leader of the emerging ecumenical move centuries, and as every cherished heritage household words and the men themselves ment. The author spells out in specific appears under the microscope, and were household words that cut across incidents how the young Bonhoeffer was "merger" and "ecumenism" are attractive all coloni al and denominational lines." opposed not only by his fe llow Germans words in the fi eld of reli gion, it is a good In a chapter on "The American Identi but by those in Britain who did all they time to take a fresh look at the roots and ty." Professor Hudson traces the concept could to undermin e his inAuence upon growth of "Ameri can culture." We need of freedom that became "Ameri ca" large the great ecumenical Bishop of Chi to assess the concepts-most of them ly to the reli gious migrations that came chester ( Bishop Bell ). theological or at least reli gion-based to the "new world" of ew England. and Bonhoeffer's brilliant paper explaining from which thirteen scattered colon ies to their ideas and ideals. He quotes from his position to those who still supported have become one of the mos t powerful the writings of William Bradford, Hitler's eccesiastical minions is well out nations now-or ever-upon earth. Nathaniel Morton, Cotton Mather, John lined by Bethge ( 400-403) and should In Nationalism and Religion in Ameri Cushing, Robert Cushman, John Win be re-read with great profi t by those of ca, Dr. Hudson (professor of the History throp, Thomas Hooker, Peter Whitney, us today who are troubled by the con of Christianity at Colgate Rochester Di Samuel Wes t, Samuel Danforth, John temporary Fascist government of South vi nity School) leads us on a wide-ranging Oxenbridge, Uriah Oakes, Abraham Africa and the role of the Church in that search through the literature of these cen Keteltas, and the Continental Congress country. turies and helps us see how our fathers covering a period of 174 years-in sup were given their continuing sense of port of his thesis. The theme of discipleship is the con identity, miss ion, and destiny in one In the chapter on the development of stant emphasis of the biography, and it united nation. T~ e selections quoted by Ame ri ca's concept of her own mission reveals most full y the manhood of Bon the editor rather clearly indicate rootage and destiny, the editor begins with a hoeffer. It is his growin g understanding in British religious and political-social quotation from Timothy Dwight's "Vale of what it means to be a man in a boun- traditions, transplanted to the colonies c.li ctory Address" ( 1776), through the fo1mation of the natipn and the War Be poetry in our time What va lue is there in literary and his tween the States, ending with Emma than the fear that the races should torical criticism? And what is the central Laza rus' "The New Colossus" ( 1883). rise and rend each other theological thrust of the Bible? Included in this chapter are se1mons by our mother the earth should forget her Dr. Macky is assistant minister of Father Seraphin Bandon ( 1781), Arch self her milk run dry" Pacific Palisades Presbyteri an Church in bishop John Ireland ( 1896), and the And again in the pi ctu re of gathering California. W .W .R. greeting to George Washington by the leaves and discovering leaves from trees Hebrew Congregation of Newport not in our garden; leaves from trees far WORSHIP AND WITNESS, by Clement ( 1790 )-indicating, for those days, mi away mixing with those from our own j. McNaspy. New York, 1970: Bruce nority identifi cation with Puritan-Protes ga rden-all bleedin g from every vein. Publishing Co., 159 pages, $1.95. tant majorities. The harvest of the world affects us all . Father Clement J. McNaspy, author Entitled "The Renovation of the Since the beginning men have sought of this volume in the Fa ith and Life World," this chapter is devoted to mis to understand, to create a world in which Series for adult reli gious education, is a sions, revivals, and revolutions-and a all might live in justice without fear. Now Jes uit priest and as~oc i a te editor of consid eration of this century's expansion from the crown of the world Caesar sits America and Catholic Mind, and nation ism and the charge of "new Imperialism." again in judgment and Calvary hill's cru al chaplain of the Liturgical Arts So Here are quoted extracts from the writ cifixion conti nues. We have computerized ciety. Jn this volume he has sough t to in gs of Heman Humphrey, Lyman city development, pollution, population present "an easil y readable summary of Beecher, Josiah Strong, Albert J. Beve explosion, disaster, triumph. Will we liturgical thought, largely pos t-Vatican II, ridge, Charles S. Olcott, and Henry Van computerize our destruction? Are we served up in digestible portions for adul ts Dyke. capable of understanding? Tarn's ques who want to keep up their religious edu "The Issue of Pluralism" is discussed tion "How long will it be before we drop cation . . . its purpos is to speak to the in important quotations re the melting the last of the bombs?" suggests not person who may never read a volume on pot, a pluralistic society, and civil liberty. world peace and a beating of swords into the liturgy. With some effo rt I have tried And there is, from English literature and plowshares but a trembling before total to eschew technical terms and jargon." history-from John Foxe to William annihilation. Can we join with h im in Jn this effort he seems to have suc Penn-an excellent grouping of brief asserting a trembling before total annihi ceeded well . The text would seem to have papers and quotations on "The English lati on? Can we join with him in asserting value fo r Protes tants concerned with new Heritage" in which our American culture "revolution still has meaning for me types and expressions of worship, as is deeply rooted. W .W.R. . . . majorities around can't wait for well as being helpful to Catholics pari ty"? struggling with "something new" in their 1 THE BEAUTIFUL CO TRADIC- Can we recogni ze with him in time worship experiences. TIONS, by Nathaniel Tarn. ew York, "we stand anywhere on this island a Discussed in the various chapters are: 1970: Random House, pages unnum few miles from the sea the reasons for changes from the century bered, $4. 95; Vintage paperback but light years away from any general old liturgies; the meaning of "celebra $2.94. issue tion" in the mass and in modern wor The book creates a sense of being citing particulars ... ship; human ex perience and Christian bathed in li gh t, enabling one to see . .. we all bemoan the shrinking circle experience; reconciliation; the Eucharist; humanity livi ng in freedom, justice, of poetry's influence and the fu ll tex t of a liturgy of the mass wholeness, harmony, discipline irre pec but never give a moment's thought at written for a very special occasion. tive of any guarantee for success, adven how to get it back"? While Pope Paul has said: "There is turous exploitation of feeling, language, Obviously athaniel Tam has given it room in the new Mi ssal, according to the knowledge, boundaries , selfish egotistical much thought and it is to be hoped that decree of the Second Vatican Coun cil, illusions, birth, creation. Skillfull y Tarn the influence of The Beautiful Contradi for legiti mate variations and adapta reveals the pattern binding us together tions may reach ever widening circles. tions," Father Mc as py points out: "This with all peoples, times, places, si tuations. Ruth Clark does not mean that enthusiastic priests Ancient religious practi ces and recent Miss Clark is a missionary in Argentina. should feel free to improvise at random." traditions summon all creation to praise, To this he adds: THE BIBLE I N DIALOGUE \l\IITH yet we continue eternally content in the "Much will depend on a common MODER MAN, by Peter Macky. mire as if the gods "had never spoken. " sense realization of the particular group 1an and woman's intimacy contradict \Vaco, Texas, 1970 : Word Books, 219 with whom the liturgy is being cele pages, $4.95. war's brutal destruction. Greedily numb, brated. Certain types of music will fit one unfeeling we harvest wheat-bones. With "The Bible is an ancient library that group, other types will satisfy other Tam we lament: no man can rightly unders tand simply by groups. The way of reading, speaking, "M ill ions are dying walking in its front door and looking praying will depend a great deal on the the streets from ew York to San F ran around," writes Dr. Macky. "Two thou size of the group, its age, background, cisco are littered with dead sand years of di pute and discussion have etc. It seems obvious that one's style of we mourn the Am erica of Whitman made it clear that the rooms in this li celebra ting in a small , intimate home and 1elville brary must be labelled, and guides must situation will be quite different from that we are ashamed for America be stationed along the wav to help the appropriate to a large parish gathering. we mourn our prodigal our Ab uninitiated travell er get the most out of "Yet, whatever is done should be done salom. . ." and continue insistin g the his journey through the biblical library." in a spirit of Christian unity. The li turgy nail I drive into his body only hurts a Dr. lllacky's volume is an effort to label aims to bring us together fa cing God our little. and guide the reader and students, help Father. If we are divisive in our cele The greats and their sacrifices, contri in g him correlate the deeper meanings bration, we frustrate one of liturgy's butions, teaching. ·what difference does and developments from the Old Tes ta great purposes. I feel, however, that the it make if we are to set new hate slogans ment to and through the New Tes ta future will bring greater diversity than to music "if all that mingles in the end ment. Three main questions grow out of ever, and that there will be many, many will be our plasma"? Tarn's confession of the study and these the author guides the styles of liturgical celebration, often with profound concern is further revealed. reader in answerin g for himself: W here in the same diocese or city." "There is no worthier subject for is the authority of the Bible entered? W .W .R. (93 J 4 1 'fhe 1\\0\•inu l?inuer \\'rites 00000000000 ~ 000 ans, ing 001 11\1~ ~ mg b~b oft sent ind d isl shq 1111\ pl al len In~ ~ spo 1111! RN S Photo Cnl CHURCH OF NORTH INDIA Worshi71 ers pa rticipate in a festive service of inauguration, communion and unifica uni, INAUGURATED IN NAGPUR tion in Nagpur marking the formatio n of the Church of N orth India. The new body in. The Church of orth India was in- encompasses six Protestant denominations with more than 500,000 members. Ind augurated at an impressive three-hour ser 'fo1 vice in agpur ov. 29, Advent Sunday. All the bishops of the ~ l et h odist Church Bombay Area bishop ass ured the new oou Attended by about 5,000 people, the service in Southern Asia were present, besides sev church that the MCSA wished to strengthen to marked the fulfilment of plans and hopes eral missionaries, pastors and laymen of the ties through joint efforts in theological edu are for church un ion among churches in North church, and also Henry A. Lacy, New York, cation, medical work, and in other ways. I India. executive secretary for India in the Board Joint action for miss ion should then become fro1 From time to time during the last 40 of Missions of the United Method ist Church . easier, he said. Before the in auguration the of years several churches participated in the The Methodist Church in Southern As ia Executi ve Board of the MCSA, meeting of negotiations. Finally the Fourth Edition ( MCSA ), with 600,000 members, would at H yderabad November 24-26, had sent Dai of the Plan of Union was considered by I. have made the new united church twice a message of greetings to the C Mr. ~ seven churches, one of which-the Method as large as it is [see November issue, Lacy also addressed the CNI in augural Ser ist Church in Southern Asia-dropped out "Church Un ion in Sou th As ia"]. service. pro this year. The six uniting churches are: Bishop R. D. Joshi, who brought the The Service of Inauguration began with chi the Council of Baptist Churches of orth greetings of the MCSA to the new church a procession of all those taking part in gro India, the (Anglican ) Church of India and at the public meeting held in the evening, it, together with fraternal delegates from l'IU Ceylon, the Church of the Brethren, the described the Church of orth India as various churches and Christi an organiza eas Disciples of Christ, the lVlethodist Church "Cod's greatest gift to North India," which tions in India and abroad. Am ong Indian la) under the British and Australasian Con was loudly applauded. He added: "We church representati ves, besides the bishops do· ferences, and the United Church of North look forward to greater days of fellowship of the MCSA . were the Moderator and h~ ern India, which was historicallv related and partnership in miss ion with the CNI. some of the bishops of the Church of South Bo to the United Presbvterian Church, U.S.A. Our fel lowship has been close; we would India, a bishop of the Mar Thoma Syrian ler 111ey bring into the 'church of North India continue to seek newer patterns of theologi Church and the presid ent of the Federation lei (C I ) a little over 500,000 Christians. cal understanding and cooperation." The of Evangelical Lutheran Churches in India. dr !() The Rev. Dr. Gurbachan Singh, t- lodera- BLAKE : AID TO DRAFT RESISTERS young men in job hunting and becomin g tor of the I, conducted the service whi h DOESN 'T ENCOURAGE EVASION offi cial immigran ts. The other one third was in two parts. The World Council of Churches is not he said, will go for pas toral counseling First was th historic Decl aration of encouraging young Americans to break U.S. among the men. Many have received such nion. After a representative of each of laws by supplyin g funds to aid "d ra ft refu counseling already, he noted, and some the uniting chur hes had read the resolu gees" in Canada, the Counci l's chief execu have decided to re turn to the U.S. Dr. tions of his church accepting the Plan of ti ve said recentl y in ew York. Bl ake stressed that the WCC was not tell Union, the congregation prayed for God's Dr. Eugene Carson Blake said the W CC's in g people they ought to desert or fa il to bless in gs on the union. The presiding min appear fo r military induction . appeal for $240,000, over three years, to ister then made the olemn Declaration of assist the 30,000 young men who have be Dr. Bl ake pointed out that the WCC's Union, and the people responded by sin g come mi litary deserters or draft resisters efforts were not identical to the ministry to ing the doxology. is similar to the help given any other parents of draft refugees carried out by The second part consisted of Holy Com political refu gees. He said th e World Coun the National Council of Churches. He said munion and the much-debated Act of cil has helped millions of persons, espe the reques t fo r wee support came from the Unification of the Ministry. By this act, the ciall y from Eas tern Europe, in the past Canadian Council of Churches. ministrie of the uniting churches are unified twenty years without asking whether they On the iss ue of whether the council is from the beginning, unlike what happened are "good" people- and without agreein g encouragin g the breaking of U.S. law, Dr. under the Plan of Union for the Church or disagreein g with their cause. Bl ake replied by askin g whether funds to of South India, which provided that within In Montreat, North Carolina, Evangelist rehabilitate drug addicts induces people to 30 years (from 1947 ), the ministers of the Billy Graham said this action by the World take narcoti cs . "Is crime encouraged when church would become one. Communion was Council , as well as its establishment of a we put chaplain s in prisons?" he asked. administered in the manner of Presbyteri fund opposing racism, was "totall y outside "Persons in prison are in trouble. So are the ans , with lay elders distributing the ele the jurisdiction of the church." He said young men in Canada." ments. Former Anglican laymen distribut the World Council is "making a very seri ing to former Anglican ministers was a ous blunder and they're going to lose a lot novel experience. The NI is to evolve its BLAKE : UPHEAVAL IN POLAND of good will around the world except in own liturgy in course of time. WON'T AFFECT wee PROJECT Eastern Europe. They may please the Com A service of confirmation of eight exist Dr. Eugene Carson Blake, general secre munists, but no one else." ing bishops and consecration of nine new tary of the World Council of Churches, does Dr. Blake, who was the stated Cl erk of bishops ovember 30 was another highlight not expect that the recent political upheaval the United Presbyterian Church before be of the inauguration. Each bishop was pre in Poland will affect a W CC program coming head of the World Council of sen ted with the pastoral staff and a Bible, plann ed there. The World ouncil plans and the congregation burst ou t with the Churches, defin ed a political re fu gee as to chann el $252,000 through to the Polish dnxology. The staff carried by CNI bishops "one who leaves his country for political government to increase hospital fa cilities is a si mple wooden one, shaped like a reasons." He said the duty of the World for the aging. shepherd's crook, without any si lver or gold Council in dealing with refu gees is to serve In mid-December, the longtime head of embellishments. the spiritual and physical needs of all. the Communist government, Wladyslaw Several cultural and other events took Dr. Blake said two-thirds of the $240,000, Gomulka, was ousted fo llowing riots pro place in connection with the in auguration , if the Churches give it, will go to aid tes ting food price increases. He was suc lending a fes tive air. At a public meeting, centers throughout Canada. These centers ceeded by Edward Gierek. India Deputy Minister Kisku was the Chief provide emergency food , clothing and lodg Dr. Bl ake said the World Council's agree guest. A Christian, he hailed the union and ing for U.S. draft resisters, and ass ist the ment with Poland followed the usual pro- spoke on the three words inscribed on the emblem of the Church of 1orth India Unity, Witness, Service. He said ch'urch unity must grow and others must be drawn in. Pointing out that some politicians in India were tryi ng to present Christians as "foreigners" with a doubtful loyalty to the country, Mr. Kisku called upon Christians to come out courageously and show they are one with the res t of the people. A number of representatives of churches from all parts of the earth brought messages of greeting, encouragement and assurances of fe llowship. One, the Rev. Dr. Rupert Davies, president of the British Methodist Conference, preached at the Inaugural Service, comparing the CNI to a child, ap propriately born at Advent. He said: "No child can stand still ; it must go on and grow from strength to strength. The cir cumstances in which it has to grow are not easy. It is born at a time when people say that the Church has been knocked down fl at and cannot work, but the Church has always prospered under persecution. Born at a time of uncertainty, confli ct and RNS Photo tensions in the world, the CNI is born to In colorful opening procession representatives of the United Church of Northern India serve India. It may be tempted to with (Congregational and Presbyterian ) and the Methodist Church under the Britisli and draw into itself, but it must reach out into Australian conferences ;oin with four other churches to fo rm the new Church of orth society, expressi ng itself in love and service." India. cedure when helping minority Protestant Bishop Armstrong said that Dom Helder and Orthodox hurches in Communist is a "non-person" to most of Brazil because lands to contribute to humanitarian enter the press is fo rbidd n to publicize his ac prises. tivities or his words. "His character has H added that he was glad the Polish been assaulted, his moti ves impugned and gov mment would allow the church to do his pab-ioti m ques tion cl. " The Armstrong QUAI humanitarian work, in contrast to the Soviet report ci ted a growing number of young AIK Union where, he said, the church is pro clergy dedicated to a "church alive." AQ hibited fro m giving phys ical aid to persons. Since 92 per cent of the Brazilian people 111tlte (RNS ) are Catholic, said Bishop Armstrong, and ask ih because of historical factors, the Catholic l'itl!i3 BISHOP ARMSTRONG REPORTS hurch can stand in a unique relation to " TWO" R.C. BRAZIL CHURCHES the government and the people. c.s." Bishop James Armstrong of Aberdeen, He pointed out that the Church los t the -1nd S.D ., holds that although the "offi cial" "power of the throne" when the monarchy ~de~ Roman atholic Church in Brazil collabo was abolished in 1891, and quoted a Cath (',oo1!11 rates with the military government, Cathol olic educator who said the Church has tlJiriZI icism is the "mos t promising and hopeful "continued to act as if close ties ex isted" fhih d< religious institution on the horizon" in that with the state. tlie !X country. Especially in state support of parochial rwly The bishop recentl y visited Brazil on a schools, close ties do continue, the bishop A 1'ietn miss ion tour. He wrote a crisp 21-page re added, although Vatican II significantly RNS Photo port on his return, issuing it to the press undercut the relationship and paved the 'buck' Sitting in her wheelchair, Barbara An in late December. way for church-state confrontation. OOfiS." Much of the report is devoted to the role "Dom Helder sa ys that sin ce Vati can II, drews en;oys a moment of humor durin g 'Int of Catholi ci m in the political and economic the Church has been viewed as 'Commu her ordination as a minister in the American 001iou Lutheran Church. Miss Andrews is the upheavals in Brazil. The United Methodist nist' across Latin America," wrote Bishop 111the bishop aid there are "two" Roman Catholi c Armstrong. "Reactionary governments were second woman to be ordain ed a Lutheran •ih Churches in Brazil , fifth largest country in not accustomed to hurches demanding pastor in the U. S. and the first in the ALC. !ought the world and 92 per cent Catholic. social justice." A victim of cerebral palsy who lws spent \sian most of her life in a wheelchair, Miss One, he said, is the "offi cial church," the The United ~! e th o di s t leader, who had 'From Andrews icas ordained in the Edina Minn other the "church alive." The first, said kinder words to say fo r Pentecostal Protes llill l Bishop Armstrong, seems to be "moving tantis m and Catholicism in Brazil than for Community Lutheran Church in s:1burba::i othen slowl y to the Right" and its "high com his own or other "mainline" Protestant Minneapolis, where she serves as assistant AF! pastor. mand" works to coll aborate with the mili groups, concluded: ~uth tary regime of General Medici, the pres i "Catholicis m in Brazil today is not a !'mid dent. monolith of medieval superstition. Rather, it came wheeling through the door of the lie ' Bishop Armstrong said the "impoverished refl ects the struggles and tensions of a ordain ed ministry," signaling the end of !'mid res trictions against women in the clergy masses seem to support the present gov divided land, and contain s within itself ~a i ernment. They hear the self-serving propa the promise of a new day." of the ALC. Reg ganda. They see the new roads and fa c (RNS ) He paid tribute to Miss Andrews' "per cides tories ." The bishop noted that a Brazilian sistence and struggle" in "standing against .lm!ri miss ionary recalled that the same could FIRST WOMAN PASTOR the odds of tradition, working her way ourir have been said in Germany and Italy im IS ORDAINED BY ALC into a man's world, and her confinement to IndrK mediately prior to Nazism and F ascism. The fri ends of Barbara Andrews were a wheelchair. " two I The South Dakota bishop said "political in a mood to celebrate. These things, he told Miss Andrews, rs repression" is a reali ty in Brazil. He told After she was ordained in her wheelchair "speak loudly of your persistent love of the ~. of talking with students who have been as the first woman pastor in the American church. \ Ve celebrate them today." lie in prison "and who described in detail Church (ALC ) , on e of them shouted "Right ani1s their own maltreatment at the hands of on! " and they all applauded from their WORLD LEPROSY DAY addin police and the military." pews. IS ON FEBRUARY 14 cal d Bishop Armstrong named Angelo Cardinal Miss Andrews, 34, a cerebral palsy victim Catholic and Protes tant churches in the !piri~ Rossi, formerl y of Sao Paulo, but recently sin ce infancy, then offi ciated at her first U.S. have been asked to join the 18th whicl transferred by Pope Paul to a Vati can pos t, service of Holy Communion during which annual observa nce of World Leprosy Day ~·ar." and Archbishop Sigaud as representative the overAow congregation , accompani ed by on February 14. The observance is spon In of the "offi cial Church." He said Archbishop .e: uitar, sang folk songs. so red by two leprosy organizations, the attacl Geraldo de Procena Si gaud, S.V.D. of They improvised the song, "He's Got the Damien-Dutton Society, an agency which Pre\\ Diamantina is the "favorite bishop among \\'.hole World in Hi s Hands," to include a provid es funds fo r research, medical aid Imm pro-government forces." In oppos ition to verse about "He's Cot Barbara Andrews in and rehabilitation under Catholic auspices, ~I{)~ the Brazil hierarchy, including Cardinal His Hands." and the American Leprosy Miss ions, a vol matfo Ross i, the archbishop of Diamantina, has The two-hour service at the small sub untary agency supporting 500 hospitals and m1 i1 denied reports of political torture. urban Edina Community Lutheran Church clinics around the world. Qua\ The "church ali ve," he said is that of was pitched to the theme of celebra tion. "Leprosy is one of the world's mos t Justi\ Archbishop Helder Pessoa Camara of Miss Andrews, wheeled into the sanctu serious health problems, " according to Fr. Fnen Olinda and Recife, and of the spirit of the ary in a place fa cin g the chancel, clapped John C . Furniss , chairman of the board of second General Conference of Latin Am eri her hands with a choir of 12 girls as they the Dami en-Dutton Society, and Dr. Oliver COh can Bishops, which met at Medellin , Colom sang the opening anthem, "All you people, W . Hasselblad, president of Am erican PL bia, in 1968. The United Methodist church ciao yo ur hands." Leprosy Missions. man ci ted a young pries t who said 25 of The preacher for the service, the Rev. "Its victims are not onl y neglected medi Tl Brazil's 200 bishops agree with Dom James Siefkes, a long- time fri end of Miss Jews call y," they said, "but suffer more than and Helder, champion of the poor and an Andrews, said "We are here to celebrate other sick people from the wholl y un nounced foe of the Medici government. the ordination of Barbara Andrews who warranted social stigma, the myths and su- perstitions surrounding the disease." tend to emigrate to Israel "within a year. Less than twenty per cent of the world's Rabbi Abel Respes of Temple Adad Sa ve on Quality Tables ... Buy At 15 million sufferers from leprosy receive Beyt Mosheh said that the emigration is any kind of treatment, 'the agencies said. designed to "fulfill a biblical prophecy" and (RNS) to allow the group "to li ve where we can really feel at home and Jewish." ~~~li:·~IRECT _PR~CES QUAKERS SUGGEST NIXON all - get more for their money ASK THIEU , KY RETIRE by ordering direct from Monroe! Find A Quaker position paper delivered to the out how mu ch YOUR orga niza tio n White House claims Pres ident Nixon should can save, too, on ask the current top leaders of the South tables, chairs and othe r banquet Vietname e government to resign in the need s. Se nd to day f or FREE name of peace and set a defi ni te time for catalog! U.S. withdrawal from Vietnam. THE MONROE TABLE CO. "Indo-china 1971" was presented by 116 Church St., Colfax, Iowa 50054 leaders of the American Friends Service Committee (AFSC) . The paper was au thorized by the directors and joined by AUTHORS WAITED BY Philadelphia's A Quaker Action Croup and the peace committee of the Philadelphia NEW YORK PUBLISHER Yearly Meeting of Friends. ~1~3~y~:s :~~~io1:i~b~~s~_efict1~~~s p:~s ;~\y~~o~ A victory through American-backed and juvenile works, etc. New authors wel comed. For complete information, send fo r "Vietnamization" would, said the AFSC, booklet RH . It's free. Vantage Press, 120 W. 'blacken our name as a people for genera· 31 SL, New York. N . Y. 10001 tions ." "Intimations have been frequent and RNS Photo JEWELRY obvious that the Nixon Doctrine is based WANTED on the expectation that the Am eri can public We Buy Old Gold and Jewolry. CAS H PAID Rabbi Abel Respes of Temple Adat Beyt IM ME DIATELY. Mall UI oold teeth, watches. will support the Indo-china war if it is rings, tllamonds, 1llverware, eye glasses. 1old I Moshe/i in Elwood, N.]., a congregation of coins, old gol d. 1llver, pl atinum, merc ury. Sat. fought with U.S. planes, U.S. dollars and isf:iction fJUarnnteed or your artloles returned. black Jews, says that he an d some 50 mem W e :'Ire llcenud gold buyers. Wr ite fo r F REE Asian lives," the Quaker group charged. inform:'ltlon. bers of his temple intend to emigrate to ROSE INDUSTRIES "From its very in ception, America's Viet· Israel "within a year." 29-CL East Madison St., Chicago, Ill. 60602 nam policy has been a gamble requiring I others to cover U.S. losses." AROUND-THE-WORLD TOUR AFSC asked the President to suggest to The congregation has been fun ctioning 22nd Annual WORLD TOUR. Complete sight· South Vietnamese Pres ident Thieu and Vice since 1951, the rabbi said, and moved from seeing . Conferenc es wi th Heads of State, President Ky that they retire from public Philadelphia in 1962. "We have no par ambassadors, editors, missionaries. 13 exotic life. Then. the request continued, the ticul ar social problems here," he said. "The countries-see t he HOLY LAND, Hawaii, For· mosa, Japan, Ho ng Ko ng, Ph ilippines, Thailand, President should pull all U.S. forces out emigration is just a matter of religious con Indio, Ne pal, Greece, Yugoslavia, Hungary, and by a given date in 1971. viction." He sa id he anticipates problems Czeckoslovokio , etc. Optional return via Regardless of when the government de on Israeli citizenship and perhaps with the RUSSIA. July S departure. 6 wonderful weeks. cides to pull out, the paper said, individual Orthodox rabbinate of Israel. Rabbi Respes Write for brochure. BR YA N W ORLD TOURS Americans would extri cate themselves "from said he experienced no racial difficulties in 1880- D Cage Boulevard , Topeka, Kansas 66604 our involvement in this war." The war in a trip to Israel in November. Indo-china, the document sa id, goes back two decades with U.S. support, since the STRINGFELLOW IS INDICTED a second conviction, carries two and one· U.S. backed France in its long strnggle FOR " HARBORING" BERRIGAN half years in prison and a $2,500 fin e. there. Theologian William Stringfellow and The indictment claims that Mr. String ·Vietn am has cost America "50,000 lives poet Anthony Towne were indicted on fed· fellow and Mr. Towne harbored Father and $125 billion," according to the Quakers, era) charges of harboring a fugiti ve from Berrigan between Aug. 7 and 11, 1970. The adding, "Statistics can only measure phys i justi ce, Father Daniel Berrigan, S.J. anti-war priest was seized by FBI agents cal destrnction; they cannot convey the The priest was captured at their Block pos ing as bird watchers on the island off spiritual suffering and moral disintegration Island home, in Rhode Island, last August, the coast of Rhode Island. which have become the hallmarks of this after evading the FBI for three months. Father Berrigan, and his brother Father war." Father Berrigan fai led to repo1t for a three Philip Berrigan, S.S.J., are now serving In other news, the Quakers have been year jail sentence for destroying draft sentences in a federal prison at Danbury. attacked bv the Czechoslovak Communist records. Both were convicted of destroying Selective Press for "organizing subversive activity Both Mr. Stringfellow, 42, and fr. Service records in Catonsville, Md. Father from abroad" which "contains features of Towne, 42, pleaded "not guilty" to the Philip Berrigan was also convicted in a ideological 'di version,' and that the infor· charges. They were released by Chief Judge case involving the pouring of blood on draft mation gained in Czechoslovakia serves ene Edward W . Day on personal recognizance records in Baltimore. my intelli gence agents." The attack on the and $2,500 bail each, on the recommenda At the time of the Berrigan an est on Quakers appeared in the publication "Red tion of U.S. Attorney Lincoln C. Almond. Block Island, Mr. Stringfellow and Mr. Justice" in an article entitled, "Whose The two men, both Episcopal laymen, Towne praised the conscience and "moral Friends?" are charged with harborin g a fugitive from purpose" of the Jesuit, who is also a poet. justice and being accessories after the fact They said they were prepared to face CONGREGATION OF BLACK JEWS in concealing a person to prevent punish charges. PLANS EMIGRATION TO ISRAEL ment. "A Christian does what he must do as The rabbi of a congregation of Black If convicted on the first count, each could a Christian," he said. Subsequently, Mr. Jews in Elwood, New Jersey says that he be sentenced to fi ve years in prison and Stringfellow compared the seizure of Father an d some fift y members of his temple in· $5,000. The second charge, if it becomes Berrigan to the arrests of the Apostles Peter [97] 4 5 REFORMATION OF CHURCHES moted in November to the position of sec URGED IN ASIAN COUNTRI ES retary for schools an d mission education in A political leader told the closing session the Women's Division of the Board. Miss of a Christian youth conference in Petaling, Barnette was on a trip to several African Java, that churches in Asia should reform countries as part of a four-month sabbatical to meet the challenges of the 1970's. and was gathering material at first hand t~ Dr. Tan Chee Khoon, a Methodist, ad help prepare herself to teach a mission dressing the five-day Christian Youth Con study course on Africa next summer. She sultation on Development at Luther House, left New York December 5 and had made said that many churches are "vestigial brief visit s to Algeria and Ethiopia. organs of Wes tern imperialism." Until this According to reports to the Board of is changed , it is futile to talk about an Missions from the Rev. H . T . Maclin, active role of the churches in Asia's de United Methodist miss ionary in airobi, velopment, he said. and from other sources, Miss Barnette suf Although the "green revolution" was fered severe head and leg injuries, and sweeping through Asia, the poor fmmer never regained consciousness ofter the ac was not profittin g from it, Dr. Tan said. cident. Unfortunately, the church in Asia owns Mis ilarnette had a varied professional tracts of land and behaves like an ab career in the church. Before her promo sentee lan dlord, he contended. He said he tion in November, she was for six years regretted that the church in Malaysia has associate director of the Board's Depart not helped much in this respect. ment of Studies and Schools. Prior to that (RNS ) she was a fi eld worker for six years with Dr. William Stringfellow (left ), 42, an the Women's Division, traveling throughout no11 Episcopal lay theologian and author, and PRESBYTERIAN " WAR CLAIMS" the nation to interpret the program and to t Anthony Towne, 42, a poet and author, WILL GO TO " RECONCILIATION" work of United Methodist women through be leave the U.S. District Court in Pro vidence The United Presbyterian Commission on their organiza ti ons, the Women's Society of after being indicted on charges of harbor Ecumeni cal Miss ion and Relations (COE Christi an Service and 'Wes leyan Service RE1 ing Father Daniel Berrigan, S.]., at their MAR ) will be giving almost $2 million to Guild. She had served as a social worker $5( August. Block Island, R.l., home last Father projects aimed at "reconciliation among na at People United 1ethodist Community A Berrigan , who had been evading a three tions and peoples." The money will come Center in New Orleans, La. \l et year sentence for des! raying draft records, from the sale and h·usteeship of General Born in Georgia, Miss Barnette attended the was arrested by the FBI at the island resi Analine Company, a German-owned firm Spelman College in Atlanta, Ca., where dence, and is now serving his sentence. Jest operating in the U.S. before the war, and she graduated with the bachelor of arts f~o will be for damages incurred to Church degree. he received the master of religious the and John in the New Testament. properties in World ·war II. education degree at Cammon Theological H. A lawyer as well as a theologian, Mr. Recent Congressional action made the Seminary, also in Atlanta, and participated [ Stringfellow has long insisted that Ameri grant poss ible through an amendment to in a seminar on "The United States and the can society is repressive and militaristic. the 1948 War Claims Act. World Affairs ," at American University, ~ . He bases his disagreement with what he Although the commission has not deter Washington, D .C., on a Methodist Crusade Cat sees on the power of the res urrection of mined precisely how the funds will be used, Scholarship. She was a member of Metro I Christ to expose "the subservi ence of the the Rev. John Coventry Smith, general politan Duane United Methodist Church ago State to death." secretary, said that COEMAR is "com in New York and of Black 1ethodists for oth1 Mr. Stringfellow first came to national mitted by its own actions and the urgency Church Renewal. heli prominence over a decade ago when he of the times to continue this special em Miss Barnette is survived by her mother, fo li ved and worked in ew York's East Har phasis upon the reconciliation of peoples." l\ lrs . Lydia Barnette of Washington, D.C., thii lem. He is the author of numerous books, About twenty Protestant denominations, and by several brothers and sisters , one of pos was termed the most "conscientious and Catholic orders, Jewish groups and ecu whom, 1 iss Ellen Barnette, has served a I thoughtful person" he met in America by menical organizations will receive addi a l\lethodist missionary to Pakistan. ~O J the late Karl Barth and was described hy tional funds from war claims. The 'World !ala Time magazine as "one of Chris tian it y's Division of the United Methodist Board of MAINTAIN ETHIOPIA WORK odi most persuasive critics from within." Missions expects t~ receive about $1.2 DESPITE CUTS IN BUDGET pur Mr. Towne is also well kn own in theo million. Some 62 per cent of the agencies' Ethiopia is one of the areas where a e1·a logical circles. He wrote the popular "Ex claims were paid years ago. heavy missionary commitment is continued Ole cerpts from the Diary of the Late Cod," • by the Commission on Ecumenical Miss ion E scathing sa tire on the "Cod-is-dead" the DOROTHY BARNETTE DIES ; and Relations, despite its major budget cuts Seri ology. LED SCHOOLS OF MISSION and declin e in the total number of workers ma1 Friends report that Mr. Stringfellow's Miss Dorothy L. Bar overseas. ace health ould be better as he faces court nette, 51 , Tew York, Much of the work in Ethiopia concen the proceedings. He underwent major surgery a staff executive of trates on evangelism and essential service l'rn in 1968 and at one point was not expected the United 1ethodist in outlying areas. A lot of the country is mQ to live. Board of Mi ssions, died very isolated, and communities such as the 1 His most recent book, Second Birthda11 December 17 in the Adura Ri ver Post and the Anuak Project are c~n (Doubleday), recounts the experience ~f airobi General Hos continually faced with the problem of get oth receiving an extension of life. pital, Nafrobi. Kenya, ting supplies in and having enough people gro either of the accused could be reached of injuries suffered in to perform basic tasks. on Dec. 19 for comment. l\fr. Stringfell ow a motor vehicle acci COEMAR has budgeted for 78 mission told a reporter following an appearance dent in airobi, De aries in Ethiopia in 1971-the same as in to plead innocent that there are "many cember 12, accordin g to reports received by 1970 and 1969. Outside of miss ionaries and kind~ of imprisonment. A man who doesn't the Board of Missions. their . alaries, United Presbyteri ans through have any conviction or integrity is in prison Miss Barnett , who had served on the COEMAR will spend $101,746 in Ethiopia just as much as a man who is in the clink." Board staff of 12 years, had been pro- in 1971. 46 Mr. and Mrs . George D. Sturtz accepted -if they are doing so on the · basis of charging that lax housekeeping had made a six-year assignment to Ethiopia from the commitment to total world peace. a "pig pen" out of the building. Commission to work in Community Devel Now teaching at the University of The Young Lords had been using the opment. Plans all for the Sturtzes to initiate Georgia, Athens, Mr. Rusk was interviewed church as a place from which to provide new projects. Mr. Sturtz with a recent de by two editors of Presbyterian Survey, drug education, legal aid, and other com gree in agronomy will bring special skills to semi-monthly magazine of the Presbyterian munity services . Mrs. Helen F rye, one of the newl y developing communities. Mrs. Church, U.S. (Southern ) . the broom-carrying churchwomen, said that Sturtz has training in the domestic sciences. He was asked how he feels about the Young Lords "weren't followin g the The Sturtzes will first be located in the churches and churchmen in volving them rules. Pokwo area of the Anuak Project. selves in the peace movement. "I think it "They were usin g profane language to Lois Roberts, M.D., has also accepted a is appropriate for the churches to consider grown-ups," she said. "They had girls sleep recent as signment from th e Commission and these issues and to speak out on them, " he ing here and were writin g on tl1 e walls is located in Dembi Dolio. responded, "and churches have no obli ga and dirtying the place." Dr. Roberts will work at the Jean R. Orr ti on, as such, to support the government of The congregati on had allowed the Young i\ lemorial Hospital where COEMAR already the U.S., nor to take any particular view Lords to use the building. The Rev. Roger has two physicians ass igned. One ends his that might come from the political process Zepernick, pastor of th e church, agreed service in the spring, however. of the countrv." that the church was "messed up." How The shortage of medical personnel in The forme~ Secretary of State stressed, ever, he added that he felt the Youn g Lords Ethiopia remains acute. One phys ician who however, that churches should speak on had helped some youths kick th e drug habit. volunteered his services through the Com their own commitments. "What I am inter mission for a short term described the needs ested in is whether the churches are, in PRESBYTERY NOMINATES WOMAN as "a"vesome." fa ct, all of them, reall y basing their views FOR U.P.C .U.S.A. MODERATOR In the present 1971 budget, efforts are on their own commitments to peace in the The Milwaukee Presbytery of the United now being made to recruit another doctor world." Presbyterian Church has announced th at it to that country, his specific assignments to He said he found no breach of the doc will nominate a woman to be the denomina be negotiated. (Hal Lee) trine of church-state separation in church tion's next moderator. partici pation in peace movem nts since all RETIRED EVANGELIST DONATES institutions in Am eri ca should be able to $500,000 TO JESUIT COLLEGE discuss public iss ues freely. Earlier in the interview he expressed A retired radio evangelist and former FUND-RAISERS eom bio money uS>no the" Methodist pas tor has given $500,000 toward doubt that many "peace groups" are gen contocls with hosp11ols , rel1oious ond phdon· thropic oroon1 zot1ons We ore pioneers 1n the the construction of an academic tower at uinely interested in peace since they criti arr field ond hove perfect ed o sure-fire method cize the United States for involvement in of ro 1s1 no funds We handle all the deto ds Jesuit-maintained Canisius College in Buf vou merely recommend us 1f you ore convinced fa lo, .Y. The college president announced Vietn am and never "call upon Hanoi, wf! ore c:iuol1fied If you ore a profess1onol fund-ro 1ser , write or phone for details about the "unprecedented gift" from Dr. Clinton Pekin g and North Ko rea to stop what they our unusuolly ottroct1ve · propos1hon Mr. l. are doing." Shondel , Notional Art , 44-33 Dou glaston Pkwy ., H. Churchill. Dougloston, N .Y. 11363. (212) 423-0440 . Dr. Churchill explained tliat he gave the funds to Canisius largely because he MODERATOR LAWS URGES A is United Methodist and the college is " VOTE OF ENCOURGEMENT" Catholic. United Presbyteri an Moderator Rev. WANTED ... Information When he entered the ministry 55 years William R. Laws, Jr. , has asked congrega Where can I buy Marion ago, he stated, churches were fi ghting each tions to give the church a "vote of encour Kay PURE Vanilla, Granu other and he did not beli eve in that. "I agement and love" through extra gifts to lated sneezeless Black Pep believed we all had a job to do and we miss ion . per and other fine season should work together," he added. "Now In a year-end letter to pastors of the ings? If you don't know the this ha come true faster than I had thought nearl y 9,000 congregation in United Pres answer ... and belong to possible." byteri anism, USA, the moderator noted that an active organization that Dr. Churchill was once pastor of the inA ation has forced cutbacks in the mission wishes to raise money, orth Delaware Methodist church in Buf program of the Church. Mr. Laws blamed WR ITE ! We have a pleasant fa lo. He voluntaril y left the active Meth the cutbacks on the fai lure of local churches $URPRl$E for your group. odist ministry about forty years ago to to meet their pledges for the denomin ation's MARION-KAY Brownstown, pursue a career as a radio (later television ) national and international work. The mis Indiana 47220 evangelist in Buffalo. He invested wi sely sion program of the United Presbyterian over the years. Church is expected to be about eight per Bishop W . Ralph Ward of Syracuse de cent below the 1969 income of $29,079,349. scribes Dr. Churchill as a "fin e old gentle The moderator, who can be a layman or man" who wants to share what he has a minister, is the highes t elected official of accumulated with everyone. Dr. Churchill, the Church and serves for one year. the bishop said, has built and paid for a United Methodist church in a small com THE YOUNG LO RDS (CO NT.) munity south of Buffalo. MEET WOMEN'S LIBERATION The retired evangelist said he hoped his In the lates t episode of the brief but FOR 25 YEARS contribution to Canisius will encourage colorful history of the Young Lords, a THE WORLD'S others to lower the bars separating reli gious militant and articulate Puerto Ri can organ groups. ization, the young men clash with dustpan MOST NEEDED GIFT wielding women and come out second best. DEAN RUSK SAYS CHURCHES The Young Lords, who had "occupied" Give to help people· CAN SPEAK FOR PEACE . . . IF Kings Way Lutheran Church in Philadel CARE- New York.NY 10016 Dr. Dean Rusk, who was asrniled bv phia in October were "swept out" of the many churchmen during his eight years as church just before Christmas by fo ur women or your neares t office U.S. Secretary of State, believes it is appro of th e congregation. The women, ca rryin g priate for churches to speak out for peace brooms and dustpans, took back th e church, [99] 47 11 . Ralph !VI. Stair of Waukesha will be terian, Congregational hri tian (United introduced at the same time. proposed when the legislating General As Church of Christ ), Evangeli cal United For th e past two years a United Church sembly of the Church meets in Ro hester, Brethren and Christian Chur hes of the staff member has spent full time organizing .Y., in 1ay. United States, plus the Philippine Method credit unions, a particularly acute need in o woman has ever served as moderator ist Church as well as other indigenous a country where virtuall y no other sources of the 3.2 million member d nomination. Churches. of money are available at reasonable in Ir . J. ~l o rton Douglas of Weirsdale, Fla., The United Methodist Board of Miss ions terest rates. The credit unions are particu was nominated in 1963 but was defeated. A is related to the UCCP primaril y through larly important to the small farmers who too moderator serves fo r one year, is the titular the former Evangelical United Brethren often in the pas t have had to go so deeply head of the Church during that period and miss ion activities, since the main body of into debt for seed and their primitive equip pr sides at the annual meeting. Methodists in the Philippines continued as men t that even a good harvest leaves them Mrs. Stair is a well-known ecumenist. In a separate Church. still in debt. March, she was elected second vice-chair Traditional Church endeavors, such as man of the Consultation on Church Union, schools and hos pi tals, are maintain ed by the " IMPACT OF WORLD OPINION" an organization which has offered a plan UCCP, though adapted to the particular SEEN IN RUSSIAN DECISION The commutation of the death sentences for merger of nine Protestant denomina needs and problems of the Philippines. In given to Soviet Jews in Leningrad and the tions. She is the wife of the president of the area around Leyte, for instance, coastal reduction of the death penalty given to six the General Casting Corporation. and island communities find their health Basque separatists in Spain illustrate the needs met by the San Lukas Floating Clinic, The 1ilwaukee Presbytery is the fi rs t to potential power of world opinion, accord administered by the Beth any Hospital in nominate a candidate for the 1971 election ing to many analysts, including two leaders of a moderato r. One United Presbyteri an of Tacloban City. of the Jewish community. Education also has a high priority. Six fi cial noted that Mrs . Stair mi ght be elected Philip E. Hoffm an, president of the Ameri "even if she were a man." coll ege and secondary schools, es tablished can Jewish Committee, and Rabbi Maurice Mrs. Stair has been a ruling elder of the ori ginall y by the miss ionary forbears con M. Eisendrath, president of the Union of First Presbyterian Church of Waukesha tinue to fun ction and expand under the American Hebrew Congregations, praised since 1957. She served two consecutive United Church. worldwide efforts on behaU of the Jews terms-in 1966 and 1967-as moderator Some of the traditional educational insti charged with hijacking a Soviet airliner. of the Milwaukee Presbytery. Las t year she tutions provide the fa cilities for some non They noted the "powerful impact of an out was moderator of the Synod of Wisconsin. traditional technical and vocational training, raged world opinion" and said these two Plans to nominate the churchwoman as well as the more classical academic actions were a "living indica tion of the were announced a few days before Mrs. courses of study. power of the world's conscience." Stair left on a tour abroad. She will repre Dr. Rigos pointed out that manpower Rabbi Eisendrath expressed "profound sent the denomination at the inauguration "is the greatest resource of the Philippines," relief" that "even so totalitarian a nation as of the Church of orth India at Nagpur. but added that "this manpower can only the Soviet Union must, in some measure l\t Mrs. Stair will then travel to the Soviet become useful when train ed and de least, be accountable to the conscience of Union where she will be joined by Dr. Paul veloped." Included among the skills taught mankind." (RNS) A. Crow, Jr. , general secretary of the Con at seven different institutions operated by sultation on Church Union, in conversations the church are rice and corn farm in g; rais SIOUX PRESBYTERIAN with Russ ian Orthodox leaders. in g and preserving of vegetables ; the cul HEADS LUTHERAN POST Before her return home in December, she ture, capture and preserva tion of fi sh, A member of the Sisseton Sioux tribe from will also confer with the heads of the carpentry, sheet metal work, auto me South Dakota, who is a Presbyterian lay United Church of Japan and the United chanics, practical electricity and home man, will be assisting the nation's largest Church of the Philippines. (RNS ) making. Lutheran Churches to coordinate their min Besides the formal training, the Church istries among Indians through improved PHILIPPINE CHURCHES FOCUS also has a staff of rural li fe and agricultural communications. ON LAND REFORM , SELF-HELP development workers who conduct demon He is Eugene Crawford, formerly execu A vigorous program of social concern is strations and seminars in the barrios--or tive director of the Am erican Indian Center emerging as a focal point of one of Chris villages-where the people are. The im in Om· ha, and he will now be an associate tendom's younger churches. portance of such efforts are obvious in the secretary for the Division of Mission Efforts in land reform, vocational train light of statisti cs which show that some 70 Services, Lutheran Council in the USA ing for both youth and adults, credit unions per cent of the Philippine population is (LCUSA ). and support of self-help economic projects engaged in agriculture. A LCUSA spokesman said Mr. Crawford are among the kinds of activities under A major problem in the Philippines, will help Indian people in making their taken these days by the United Church of which derives about 35 per cent of its an voi ces heard and their op inions understood Christ in the Philippines, which is just go nual income from agriculture, is the mal in the Churches. ( RNS) ing into its twentieth year. distribution of land. Mos t form land is PRESBYTERIAN LEAVES $1 MILLION owned by large land owners and worked on The annual report of th e Filipino TO MINNESOTA LUTHERAN HOME a share-cropping or day laborer basis at Church's general secretary, Rev. Dr. Cirilo A New York City woman who knew no rates which barely provide a su bsistance for A. Rigos, reflects the young Church's one in Chisago City, Minnesota (Pop. 772) the worker and their families . vitality. has left $1 million to the Lutheran Home Some large landowners enlarge their al Dr. Rigos pointed out that such tradi for the Aged there. ready extensive holdings by making loans tional Church endeavors as evangelism, fr . Margaret S. Parmly, a Presbyterian, to small farmers at outlandish rates and Christian education, stewardship, youth willed 3,100 shares of IBM stock to the and student work have not been neglected then foreclos ing when crop fa ilures or other home, after her daughter called a friend in the Church's social involvement. On the circumstances prevent prompt repayment. and asked if she knew of a home for the contrary, he said, "Social concern is a new A local UCCP pastor on the island of aged in the Mid-West that could u e a form of ministry and service that imple Visayas has organized farmers into a gift. Mrs. Parmly died in October. ments in more practical and tangible ways Farmers' Association to block this practice. these traditional ministries." With loans secured through the United " I'll RING MY CHIMES" The United Church of Christ in the Church, the land which farmers los t · be SAYS PRIEST TO LAWYER Philippines was formed in 1950, bringing cause of usurious in teres t rates is redeemed . Members of St. Francis Xavier Church together the mission interests of the Presby- Better farming practices and techniques are in Wilmette, Illinois are excited about their 48 (100] new electroni c chimes, but one member is AFRICANS TO EVANGELIZE should work together through the Paris not wholeheartedly enthusiastic. He is THE EUROPEAN " HEATHEN" Mission, but with a changed structure. The Anthony J. Murray, Jr. , an attorney, and IN ADDITION TO AFRI CANS Paris lission would become multinational his house is just 300 feet from the chimes, "Joint Apostolic Action" is a highly orig and multiracial sendin g out multiracial mis which sound off as earl y as 6:55 a. m. on inal missionary venture first suggested by sionary teams into the still-unevangeli zed Sundays and holy days to signal the day's an African, the Rev. Jean Kotto, at the Gen areas. In this way Pastor Kotto believed the first Mass. eral Assembl y of the Paris Missionary So nine churches, having so much in common, The battle has toned down since the ciety in the autumn of 1964. In order to would be able without much diffi culty to attorney dropped a suit for a permanent grasp the sign ificance of his proposal, it is practice "joint action for mission" while at injunction to stop his parish from 1foging necessary to recall three events: th e same time modifyin g its approach. the chimes in favor of negotiation with the • between 1956 and 1965 all the daughter There was never any intention to limit the parish clergy. He had charged that the churches of the Paris Miss ion became m1 ss 1on to French-speakin g areas or bells ring so early in the morning that they completely independent. The first to churches since two of the nine (Zambia and "unreasonably interfere" with his "peaceful achieve this status was the Evangelical Lesotho) are English-speaking. and tranquil enjoyment of his property." Church of Cameroun, of which Mr. Kotto After studying the proposal, the nine The parish pastor, Father Leo A. Devitt, is general secretary. Thus he was (and churches concerned sent representatives to has refused to stop ringing h is chimes. He still is ) the senior in length of service; a consultation at Douala (Cameroun ) in said several people have called to say they • Mr. Kotto had taken part in the Mexico October 1965. This meeting unanimously "love the bell " and some have asked to meeting of the Commiss ion on World declared: "\Ve believe Pastor Kotto's plea increase the volume. Mission and Evangelism of the World for join t apostolic action is a call from God. Mr. Munay, a fo1m er seminarian, said Council of Churches (WCC), which . . . We also believe that the time has come he is not opposed to the chimes and en launched the emphasis on ·"Joint Action for the Paris Missionary Society to re-ex joyed listening to the carols. "But that for Mission"; amine its ,,s tructures and adapt them to this early in the morning, it's another story," • under the auspices of the All Africa new task. he said. He spoke to the pas tor several Conference of Churches and the Division The churches of France and Switzerl and times before filing suit. of \,Yorld Miss ions and Evangelism, an declared their Sl. pport fo r the proposal pro Since then he says he has received threat enquiry was bein g conducted to see vid ed it eli cited the commitment of the nine ening phone calls and several eggs were which areas were still un evangelized. Third World churches, the six French thrown at his door. Mr. Kotto proposed that the nine churches in the Protestant Federati on of Father Devitt, calling the suit a "cheap chmches in Africa, Madagascar and the France and the four Swiss churches belong publicity stunt," said there is "nothing Pacific associated with the Paris Mission ing to the French-speaking Swiss Mi ssionary illegal" about the chimes. should become "miss ionary," sendin g evan Department. "I told Murray to buy earplugs." gelists beyond their national boundaries. A further consultation at Lome in June (R S) Rather than do this independently, they 1966 picked the Fon District in southwest UJ1ote t/ylna ~w~ress or-a CLily.:: The Easter story is the story of the .re surrection, the living Christ! Make it live in your heart and in the hearts of your loved ones. Daily devotions will help. Those 'of The Upper Room for March-April, written for the Easter season, emphasize the true meaning of Easter and the resurrection . You can find no better time to start daily devotions in your home. We invite you to send your order to day, either an individual subscription or a bulk order, to start with the March-April issue of The Upper Room. Subscriptions, three years for $3.00, one year $1.50. Bulk orders, ten or more copies of one issue to one address, 15¢ per copy. Order from The Upper Room, 1908 Grand Avenue, Nashville, Tenn. 37203 [101] 49 Dahomev as the si te of the fi rs t venture. tion, held annuall y, decided to set up a sec of Protes tant leaders, who, according to a This is a~ area where fetishism is still prev ond multiracial team, this time in Europe. report by Edward B. Fiske in the New York alent and no e angelistic campaign ei ther This would demonsh·ate that miss ion is not Times, accused the Vatican of procrastina bv Homan Catholic or Protestants has made unidirectional; Third World churches have ting on the decision fo r membership. at; ' impression. Eventually the Methodist much to contribute and European chu rches Pro tes tant and Orthodox leaders have Church of Dahomev, which is related to the much to receive. A number of locations were fre for your copies OF WORLD OUTLOOK The WORLD OUTLOOK Binder has distinctive green vinyl covers w ith " WORLD OUTLOOK" stamped in gold. A full year's issues (12 copies) are easily inserted. Your magazines are preserved with a just-off-the-press freshness and are kept ready for quick referen ce and re-reading. A transparent pocket at the bottom of the spine provides for the inser tion of a card identifying the yea r of iss ue. This binder is offered as a service to WORLD OUTLOOK subscribers at our cost ... 12so EACH, PPD. ...... USE THIS COUPON TO ORDER YOUR BINDER, N 0 W ! . WORLD OUTLOOK SUBSCRIBER SERVICE Suggested For use in 475 Riverside Drive-Room 1328 New York, New York 10027 • The Ch urch Library Enclosed is $2.50 for my WORLD OUTLOOK Binder. • Th e Pastor's Study Pl ease se nd to: • Th e Home Bookshel f Name ------and wherever WORLD OUTLOOK should be kept as a continuing Address ------so urce of mission information...... ------~...... ZIP...... --- Jesus Washing the Feet of the Disciples, By Kt. Lasia (Indonesia) Kt. Lasia, a Hindu Balinese artist, painted this work at the request of a Dutch missionary, Rev. M .S. Visch , who gave Lasia a New Testament and asked him to read and interpret its meaning in Balinese terms. Although not a Christian, Lasia painted a series of scenes incorporating Christianity into Balinese life. Lasia received his training through his culture: every Balinese is an artist.