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THE CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF AMERICA The Provenance and Purpose of Personal Ordinariates Erected under the Auspices of the Apostolic Constitution Anglicanorum Cœtibus A DISSERTATION SubmiFed to the Faculty of the School of Canon Law Of The Catholic University of America In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree Doctorate in Canon Law © Copyright All Rights Reserved By James Daniel Bradley Washington, D.C. 2017 The Provenance and Purpose of Personal Ordinariates Erected under the Auspices of the Apostolic Constitution Anglicanorum Cœtibus James Daniel Bradley, J.C.D. Director: Kurt Martens, J.C.D. The apostolic constitution Anglicanorum Cœtibus is a response to petitions from groups of Anglicans to be received into communion with the Holy See in a corporate manner. This dissertation examines the origin of such petitions, the development of the principles guiding the response, and an analysis of the legislation. Chapter One traces the origins of corporate reunion from Newman to the Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, in particular the Association for Promoting the Unity of Christendom and the Malines Conversations. Chapter Two discusses the Second Vatican Ecumenical Council with respect to ecumenism and Anglicanism. It examines the establishment of relations between Anglicans and the Holy See, the Anglican-Roman Catholic International Commission (ARCIC), and proposals for the corporate reunion of Anglicans in the Diocese of Amritsar, the United States, the Diocese of Matabeleland, and the United Kingdom. Chapter Three considers the overtures made by groups of Anglicans from 2005 to 2009. This includes the Anglican Church in North America (ACNA), Church of England bishops, and the Traditional Anglican Communion. It details the announcement, reception, and implementation of Anglicanorum coetibus. Chapter Four examines proposals for the corporate reunion of Anglicans including the Church sui iuris, the personal prelature, and the personal apostolic administration. The notion of ordinariates is discussed with respect to the Latin ordinariates for Eastern faithful and military ordinariates. Chapter Five considers the implementation of the provision of Anglicanorum cœtibus, in particular the transmission of the Anglican patrimony through personal parishes, the liturgical provision, the formation of clergy, and ecumenical dialogue. The General Conclusion proposes two further developments: the extension of the objective criteria for eligibility for membership of a personal ordinariate, and the eventual erection of personal dioceses. Extensive appendices contain documentation pertaining to the development of the canonical model for the corporate reunion of Anglicans with the Catholic Church. This dissertation by James Daniel Bradley fulfils the dissertation requirements for the doctoral degree in Canon Law approved by Kurt Martens, J.C.D., as Director, and Ronny E. Jenkins, J.C.D., and William L. Daniel, J.C.D., as Readers. _______________________________ Kurt Martens, J.C.D., Director _______________________________ Ronny E. Jenkins, J.C.D., Reader _______________________________ William L. Daniel, J.C.D., Reader cii This dissertation is dedicated to the honour and glory of the Most Holy and Undivided Trinity, the Blessed Virgin Mary under her title, Our Lady of Walsingham, and Blessed John Henry Newman. It is offered in grateful thanks for the pontificate of Pope Benedict XVI, and especially for the gift of the apostolic constitution Anglicanorum cœtibus. ciii I earnestly pray for this whole company, with a hope against hope, that all of us, who once were so united, and so happy in our union, may even now be brought at length, by the Power of the Divine Will, into One Fold and under One Shepherd. — J. H. Newman Apologia pro vita sua civ TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE xiii GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER ONE: THE ORIGINS OF ANGLICAN REUNION 1. Introduction 8 2. Anglican-Catholic Relations in the Nineteenth Century 9 2.1. The Result of Newman’s Conversion 9 2.2. The Jerusalem Bishopric and Wiseman’s LeFer on Catholic Unity 10 2.3. The Association for Promoting the Unity of Christendom 13 2.4. Official Anglican Hopes for Reunion 20 2.5. The Question of Anglican Orders and Apostolicæ Curæ 27 3. The Malines Conversations 30 3.1. The Lambeth Conference of 1920 31 3.2. Cardinal Mercier of Malines 32 3.3. The Malines Conversations from 1921-1923 33 3.4. Public Reception of the Malines Conversations 34 3.5. The Fourth Malines Conversation of 1925 38 3.6. Further Interruptions to the Malines Conversations 40 3.7. The Fifth Malines Conversation of 1926 43 3.8. The Legacy of the Malines Conversations 44 cv 4. From Malines to the Second Vatican Ecumenical Council 51 4.1. Anglican Papalism 52 4.2. The Church Unity Octave 55 4.3. Anglican Reunion in Liturgical Praxis 58 4.4. The Catholic League 62 4.5. 1959 Proposal for a Transitional Church by Frederic Davis 66 5. Conclusion 68 CHAPTER TWO: FROM THEORY TO ACTION 1. Introduction 70 2. The Second Vatican Ecumenical Council and Anglicanism 73 2.1. Anglican-Catholic Relations in the Preparatory Phase 73 2.1.1. Secretariat for Promoting Christian Unity 75 2.2. The Decree on Ecumenism and Anglicanism 77 2.3. The Šeper Intervention 78 2.4. Post-Conciliar Ecumenical Dialogue with Anglicanism 80 3. The Anglican-Roman Catholic International Commission 86 3.1. The Establishment of the Anglican-Roman Catholic International Commission 86 3.2. Disruptions to Dialogue 88 3.3. Resumption of Dialogue 90 3.4. The Future of Anglican-Catholic Dialogue 93 4. The Diocese of Amritsar 95 4.1. The Situation of Amritsar 95 cvi 4.2. The Development of the Amritsar Proposal 97 4.3. The Failure of the Amritsar Proposal 99 4.4. The Legacy of the Amritsar Proposal 100 5. Anglican Reunion in the United States of America 101 5.1. Developments within Anglicanism in the United States of America 101 5.2. The Pro-Diocese of Saint Augustine and the Society of the Holy Cross 104 5.2.1. The NCCB Meeting of May 1978 108 5.3. The “Pastoral Provision” in the United States of America 111 5.4. Proposals for a Structure in the United States of America 115 5.4.1. Proposal for the Reconciliation of Anglicans in 1978 116 5.4.2. Proposed Statute for a National Catholic Vicariate for the Anglican Use 118 6. The Diocese of Matabeleland 119 6.1. Anglican-Catholic Dialogue in Bulawayo 120 6.2. The Development of the Matabeleland Proposal 122 6.3. The Failure of the Matabeleland Proposal 124 7. Anglican Reunion in the Church of England 127 7.1. Developments within the Church of England 127 7.2. Proposals for the Corporate Reunion of Anglicans in England and Wales 129 8. Later Developments in Anglican Reunion 133 8.1. Further Hopes for Reunion in the United States of America 133 8.2. Proposed Anglican Use Prelature for the United States 137 8.2.1. Draft Statutes for the Proposed Anglican Use Prelature 140 cvii 8.2.2. Summary 144 8.3. Further Hopes for Reunion in the United Kingdom 146 8.4. The Ordination of Women Bishops in the Church of England 147 9. Conclusion 149 CHAPTER THREE: THE FORMATION OF PERSONAL ORDINARIATES 1. Introduction 153 2. Some Developments 155 2.1. Revision of the Draft Statutes for an Anglican Use Prelature 157 2.2. The Anglican Church in North America (ACNA) 158 2.3. The Episcopal Diocese of Fort Worth, Texas 159 2.4. Some Conclusions 162 3. The Role of Church of England Bishops 163 3.1. Group of Diocesan Bishops 165 3.2. Provincial Episcopal Visitors 167 4. The Role of the Traditional Anglican Communion 172 4.1. The Initiative of the Traditional Anglican Communion 172 4.2. The Response of the Traditional Anglican Communion 177 5. The Establishment of a Personal Ordinariate for England and Wales 185 5.1. The Announcement of the Apostolic Constitution Anglicanorum Cœtibus 185 5.1.1. Response of the Church of England 187 5.1.2. Clarification on the Issue of Celibacy 188 5.2. Initial Responses to Anglicanorum Cœtibus in England and Wales 189 cviii 5.3. Decisions of the General Synod of the Church of England 195 5.4. The State Visit of Pope Benedict XVI to the United Kingdom 199 5.5. Resignations and Statements of Intent 203 5.6. The Erection of the Personal Ordinariate of Our Lady of Walsingham 208 5.7. The Personal Ordinariate of Our Lady of Walsingham in Scotland 214 6. The Establishment of a Personal Ordinariate for the United States 214 6.1. Initial Responses to Anglicanorum Cœtibus in the United States 215 6.2. The Erection of the Personal Ordinariate of the Chair of Saint Peter 219 7. The Reception of Anglicanorum Cœtibus in Canada 221 7.1. Initial Responses to Anglicanorum Cœtibus in Canada 222 7.2. The Question of Individual or Corporate Reception 224 7.3. Erection of a Territorial Deanery in Canada 229 8. The Establishment of a Personal Ordinariate for Australia 233 8.1. Initial Responses to Anglicanorum Cœtibus in Australia 234 8.2. The Erection of the Personal Ordinariate of Our Lady of the Southern Cross 236 8.3. The Personal Ordinariate of Our Lady of the Southern Cross in Japan 237 8.4. The Church of the Torres Strait 238 9. Conclusion 240 CHAPTER FOUR: THE CHOICE OF PERSONAL ORDINARIATES 1. Introduction 243 2. The Church Sui Iuris 245 2.1. Overview of the Church Sui Iuris 245 cix 2.2. Proposals for a Church Sui Iuris for Former Anglicans 247 2.3. Rejection of a Church Sui Iuris for Former Anglicans 248 3. The Personal Prelature 256 3.1. Overview of the Personal Prelature 256 3.2. Characteristics of a Personal Prelature 264 3.3. Proposals for a Personal Prelature for Former Anglicans 272 3.4.