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Religion and Crime Theory, Research, and Practice Religion and Crime Theory, Research, and Practice Edited by Kent R. Kerley Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Religions www.mdpi.com/journal/religions Religion and Crime: Theory, Research, and Practice Religion and Crime: Theory, Research, and Practice Special Issue Editor Kent R. Kerley MDPI • Basel • Beijing • Wuhan • Barcelona • Belgrade Special Issue Editor Kent R. Kerley The University of Texas at Arlington USA Editorial Office MDPI St. Alban-Anlage 66 Basel, Switzerland This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Religions (ISSN 1422-0067) in 2018 (available at: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/religions/special issues/crime) For citation purposes, cite each article independently as indicated on the article page online and as indicated below: LastName, A.A.; LastName, B.B.; LastName, C.C. Article Title. Journal Name Year, Article Number, Page Range. ISBN 978-3-03897-330-0 (Pbk) ISBN 978-3-03897-331-7 (PDF) Articles in this volume are Open Access and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. The book taken as a whole is c 2018 MDPI, Basel, Switzerland, distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Contents About the Special Issue Editor ...................................... vii Preface to ”Religion and Crime: Theory, Research, and Practice” .................. ix Kent R. Kerley Editor’s Introduction: Religion and Crime: Theory, Research, and Practice Reprinted from: Religions 2018, 9, 260, doi: 10.3390/rel9090260 .................... 1 Andrew S. Denney, Kent R. Kerley and Nickolas G. Gross Child Sexual Abuse in Protestant Christian Congregations: A Descriptive Analysis of Offense and Offender Characteristics Reprinted from: Religions 2018, 9, 27, doi: 10.3390/rel9010027 ..................... 2 Katie Bell, Belinda Winder and Nicholas Blagden ‘Better as a Buddhist’: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of the Reflections on the Religious Beliefs of Buddhist Men Serving a Prison Sentence for a Sexual Offence Reprinted from: Religions 2018, 9, 101, doi: 10.3390/rel9040101 .................... 15 Casey T. Harris, Ben Feldmeyer and Raymond Barranco Religious Contexts and Violence in Emerging and Traditional Immigrant Destinations Reprinted from: Religions 2018, 9, 116, doi: 10.3390/rel9040116 .................... 32 Shona Robinson-Edwards and Stephanie Kewley Faith-Based Intervention: Prison, Prayer, and Perseverance Reprinted from: Religions 2018, 9, 130, doi: 10.3390/rel9040130 .................... 48 Christopher Salvatore and Gabriel Rubin The Influence of Religion on the Criminal Behavior of Emerging Adults Reprinted from: Religions 2018, 9, 141, doi: 10.3390/rel9050141 .................... 65 Lee Michael Johnson, Todd L. Matthews and Elizabeth K. Ayers Religious Identity and Perceptions of Criminal Justice Effectiveness Reprinted from: Religions 2018, 9, 157, doi: 10.3390/rel9050157 .................... 83 Claire Smith, Rosslyn von der Borch, Benjamin Isakhan, Sukendar Sukendar, Priyambudi Sulistiyanto and Ian Ravenscrroft The Manipulation of Social, Cultural and Religious Values in Socially Mediated Terrorism Reprinted from: Religions 2018, 9, 168, doi: 10.3390/rel9050168 .................... 98 Jeff Duncan, Richard Stansfield, Steve Hall and Tom O’Connor Women’s Engagement with Humanist, Spiritual and Religious Meaning-Making in Prison: A Longitudinal Study of Its Impact on Recidivism Reprinted from: Religions 2018, 9, 171, doi: 10.3390/rel9060171 ....................117 Jason R. Jolicoeur and Amy Memmer Spiritual Occlusion and Systemic Integrity: Legal Evaluations of Due Process Protections and Freedom of Religious Expression and Practices Safeguards Reprinted from: Religions 2018, 9, 173, doi: 10.3390/rel9060173 ....................133 v Chris Holligan and Robert McLean Criminal Desistance Narratives of Young People in the West of Scotland: Understanding Spirituality and Criminogenic Constraints Reprinted from: Religions 2018, 9, 177, doi: 10.3390/rel9060177 ....................149 Sung Joon Jang, Byron R. Johnson, Joshua Hays, Michael Hallett and Grant Duwe Existential and Virtuous Effects of Religiosity on Mental Health and Aggressiveness among Offenders Reprinted from: Religions 2018, 9, 182, doi: 10.3390/rel9060182 ....................162 Stephen M. Merino God and Guns: Examining Religious Influences on Gun Control Attitudes in the United States Reprinted from: Religions 2018, 9, 189, doi: 10.3390/rel9060189 ....................181 Melvina Sumter, Frank Wood, Ingrid Whitaker and Dianne Berger-Hill Religion and Crime Studies: Assessing What Has Been Learned Reprinted from: Religions 2018, 9, 193, doi: 10.3390/rel9060193 ....................194 Judith A. Leary Faith-Based Mentoring of Ex-Felons in Higher Education: Colson Scholars Reflect on Their Transitions Reprinted from: Religions 2018, 9, 197, doi: 10.3390/rel9060197 ....................209 Xiuhua Wang and Sung Joon Jang The Effects of Provincial and Individual Religiosity on Deviance in China: A Multilevel Modeling Test of the Moral Community Thesis Reprinted from: Religions 2018, 9, 202, doi: 10.3390/rel9070202 ....................226 Lewis M. Wasserman, John P. Connolly and Kent R. Kerley Religious Liberty in Prisons under the Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act following Holt v Hobbs: An Empirical Analysis Reprinted from: Religions 2018, 9, 210, doi: 10.3390/rel9070210 ....................245 vi About the Special Issue Editor Kent R. Kerley , Ph.D., is Professor and Chair in the Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice at the University of Texas at Arlington. Dr. Kerley’s primary research interests include corrections, religiosity, and drug careers. His research has appeared in top journals such as Aggression and Violent Behavior, Deviant Behavior, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, Justice Quarterly, Social Forces, and Social Problems. He is author of Religious Faith in Correctional Contexts (2014), Current Studies in the Sociology of Religion (2015), Encyclopedia of Corrections (2017), and Finding Freedom in Confinement: The Role of Religion in Prison Life (2018). He has received research funding from the National Science Foundation (NSF Award # 1261322 and 1004953), Google, and the Religious Research Association. vii Preface to ”Religion and Crime: Theory, Research, and Practice” The scientific study of religion is a rather recent development in colleges and universities in the United States and in other nations. Beginning in the 1960s, researchers from many social science backgrounds began conducting data-driven studies of the extent to which religiosity is related to crime, deviance, and delinquency. Since the 1980s, social scientists have also studied the nature, extent, practice, and impact of faith and faith-based programs in prisons and other correctional contexts. This volume contains the most contemporary and cutting-edge research on religion and crime, which includes data-driven (quantitative and qualitative), conceptual, review, and policy- oriented papers. Kent R. Kerley Special Issue Editor ix religions Editorial Editor’s Introduction: Religion and Crime: Theory, Research, and Practice Kent R. Kerley Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; [email protected]; Tel.: +1-817-272-0318 Received: 27 August 2018; Accepted: 28 August 2018; Published: 30 August 2018 1. Introduction The scientific study of religion is a relatively recent development in colleges and universities around the world. Researchers from many social science backgrounds began conducting studies in the 1960s to determine the extent to which religiosity is related to crime, deviance, and delinquency (Hirschi and Stark 1969). This line of research expanded beginning in the 1980s to include studies of the nature, extent, practice, and impact of faith and faith-based programs in prisons and other correctional contexts (Johnson 2012; Kerley 2014, 2015, 2018). Religion and Crime: Theory, Research, and Practice contains 16 comprehensive and contemporary studies of religion and crime. The papers include review studies, quantitative studies, qualitative studies, legal studies, and case studies. The papers reflect a diversity of authors, locations, topics, and faith traditions. Such diverse collaborations are important for maintaining the continuity of high-quality research over time. I have faith that readers will be pleased with the diversity, breadth, and depth of these papers. My sincere appreciation is given to the authors of these important works, as well as to the editors and staff members from Religions and MDPI. Funding: This research received no external funding. Conflicts of Interest: The author declares no conflicts of interest. References Hirschi, Travis, and Rodney Stark. 1969. Hellfire and delinquency. Social Problems 17: 202–13. [CrossRef] Johnson, Byron R. 2012. More God, Less Crime: More God, Less Crime: Why Faith Matters and How It Could Matter More. West Conshohocken: Templeton Press. Kerley, Kent R. 2014. Religious Faith in Correctional Contexts. Boulder: First Forum Press/Lynne Rienner Publishers. Kerley, Kent R. 2015. Current Studies in the Sociology of
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