DOCSLIB.ORG

Ash Whitefly

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Pest Profile Photo credit: Stephen Luk, Bugguide.net Common Name: Ash whitefly Scientific Name: Siphoninus phillyreae Order and Family: Hemiptera, Aleyrodidae Size and Appearance: Length (mm) Appearance Egg Pale yellow in color; surrounded by waxy deposits; laid on undersides of leaves in a circle. Larva/Nymph 0.3mm, 1st instar Nymphs hatch and are called crawlers; they crawl around briefly crawler; to find a leaf vein to feed on, then they become immobile until they are adults. Young nymphs are translucent, but are progressively covered in white wax and become opaque; they are oval shaped; have 4 instars. Nymphs have spike-like protrusions around them that have tiny drops of wax on the tip; Adult 1-2mm White insect that is winged and found on the underside of leaves; wings have dusty white wax; head, thorax, and abdomen slightly yellowish; have red eyes; females live 30-60 days; males live about 9 days. Pupa (if 0.8-1mm The pupae, nonfeeding stage, are white with 2 longitudinal tufts applicable) of white wax; have 40-50 glassy tube like structures which make droplets of wax; pupal case is tan or beige colored. Type of feeder (Chewing, sucking, etc.): Nymph and adult: Piercing-sucking Host plant/s: Feed on shade and fruit trees. Some hosts include ash, pear, pomegranate, mulberry, crabapple, hawthorn, plum, apple, citrus, flowering pear, serviceberry, western red bud, crape myrtle, tuliptree, and lilac. Description of Damage (larvae and adults): Whitefly feeding on plants can cause serious damage. Adults and nymphs suck sap from leaves. They extract nutrients from the plant which can cause defoliation, loss of fruit, and possibly even death. If there is a heavy infestation, the ash whitefly can cause leaf wilt and cause the fruit to be smaller then normal. Sooty mold can grow on the honeydew they produce. References: Cranshaw, W. (2004). Chapter Six: Sap Suckers – Ash whitefly. In Garden insects of North America: The ultimate guide to backyard bugs. (pp. 288). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Huffman, D., Kidd, K.A., Baker, J.R. (1997). Ash Whitefly in North Carolina. North Carolina State University. Retrieved March 3, 2017 from: https://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/ent/notes/O&T/trees/note113/note113.html Gabriella, C., De Barro, P. (1999). Ash Whitefly – a new pest. The Nursery Papers. Nursery Industry Association of Australia. Retrieved March 5, 2017 from: https://www.ngia.com.au/Attachment?Action=Download&Attachment_id=1370 Nguyen, R., Hamon, A.B. (2000, August). Ash whitefly – Silphoninus phillyreae (Haliday). Featured Creatures, University of Florida. Retrieved February 27, 2017 from: http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/orn/ash_whitefly.htm Paine, T., Bellows, T., Hoddle, M. (n.d.). Ash Whitefly, Siphoninus phillyreae. Center for Invasive Species Research, CISR. University of California. Retrieved March 7, 2016 from: http://cisr.ucr.edu/ash_whitefly.html Rosetta, R. L. (2016, September). Ash whitefly. Oregon State University. Retrieved March 7, 2016 from: http://oregonstate.edu/dept/nurspest/Ash_whitefly.html .
Recommended publications
  • Invasive Fruit Flies (Diptera: Drosophilidae) Meet in a Biodiversity Hotspot

    Invasive Fruit Flies (Diptera: Drosophilidae) Meet in a Biodiversity Hotspot

    J. Entomol. Res. Soc., 19(1): 61-69, 2017 ISSN:1302-0250 Invasive Fruit Flies (Diptera: Drosophilidae) Meet in a Biodiversity Hotspot Carla REGO1* António Franquinho AGUIAR2 Délia CRAVO2 Mário BOIEIRO1 1Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Azorean Biodiversity Group and Department of Agrarian Sciences, University of Azores, Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, PORTUGAL 2Laboratório de Qualidade Agrícola, Camacha, Madeira, PORTUGAL e-mails: *[email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] ABSTRACT Oceanic islands’ natural ecosystems worldwide are severely threatened by invasive species. Here we discuss the recent finding of three exotic drosophilids in Madeira archipelago -Acletoxenus formosus (Loew, 1864), Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931) and Zaprionus indianus (Gupta, 1970). Drosophila suzukii and Z. indianus are invasive species responsible for severe economic losses in fruit production worldwide and became the dominant drosophilids in several invaded areas menacing native species. We found that these exotic species are relatively widespread in Madeira but, at present, seem to be restricted to human disturbed environments. Finally, we stress the need to define a monitoring program in the short-term to determine population spread and environmental damages inflicted by the two invasive drosophilids, in order to implement a sustainable and effective control management strategy. Key words: Biological invasions, Drosophila suzukii, invasive species, island biodiversity, Madeira archipelago, Zaprionus indianus. INTRODUCTION Oceanic islands are known to contribute disproportionately to their area for Global biodiversity and by harbouring unique evolutionary lineages and emblematic plants and animals (Grant,1998; Whittaker and Fernández-Palácios, 2007). Nevertheless, many of these organisms are particularly vulnerable to human-mediated changes in their habitats due to their narrow range size, low abundance and habitat specificity (Paulay, 1994).
  • Whitefly by Officers of the Entomology Branch, Department of Agriculture Western Australia

    Whitefly by Officers of the Entomology Branch, Department of Agriculture Western Australia

    No. 05 April 2004 Whitefly By officers of the Entomology Branch, Department of Agriculture Western Australia 'Whiteflies' or 'snow flies' (Aleyrodidae) are tiny, sap- Which whiteflies occur in Western sucking insects often found on the underside of leaves. Australia? They are related to other sucking insects such as aphids, mealybugs and scale insects, and tend to fly when the Five important species of whitefly occur in Western plant is disturbed. Whitefly adults resemble small moths Australia, as listed in the table below. With the and the body and wings are covered in a powdery white exception of the citrus whitefly and the native strain of wax. Nymphs (or larvae) are a flattened oval shape, and Bemisia tabaci, which are native to Australia, all have look more like a scale insect. been introduced. Species such as the greenhouse and silverleaf whitefly cause significant damage to Damage commercial crops both here and overseas. Whiteflies produce a sticky substance known as Identification of whiteflies is extremely difficult since most honeydew, on which sooty mould can develop. Low whitefly adults appear similar in colour (most are white to off-white), size (1.5–2.5 mm) and shape (moth-like). numbers of whiteflies are not usually damaging and The pupal stage has most of the characteristics used to adults by themselves will not cause significant damage identify whiteflies and is the only stage from which an unless they are transmitting plant viruses. Virus accurate species identification can be made. symptoms include irregular ripening in tomatoes and blanching in carrots and broccoli. When present in large numbers, whitefly feeding can affect plant growth causing distortion, discoloration, yellowing or silvering of leaves.
  • Harmful Non-Indigenous Species in the United States

    Harmful Non-Indigenous Species in the United States

    Harmful Non-Indigenous Species in the United States September 1993 OTA-F-565 NTIS order #PB94-107679 GPO stock #052-003-01347-9 Recommended Citation: U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, Harmful Non-Indigenous Species in the United States, OTA-F-565 (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, September 1993). For Sale by the U.S. Government Printing Office ii Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop, SSOP. Washington, DC 20402-9328 ISBN O-1 6-042075-X Foreword on-indigenous species (NIS)-----those species found beyond their natural ranges—are part and parcel of the U.S. landscape. Many are highly beneficial. Almost all U.S. crops and domesticated animals, many sport fish and aquiculture species, numerous horticultural plants, and most biologicalN control organisms have origins outside the country. A large number of NIS, however, cause significant economic, environmental, and health damage. These harmful species are the focus of this study. The total number of harmful NIS and their cumulative impacts are creating a growing burden for the country. We cannot completely stop the tide of new harmful introductions. Perfect screening, detection, and control are technically impossible and will remain so for the foreseeable future. Nevertheless, the Federal and State policies designed to protect us from the worst species are not safeguarding our national interests in important areas. These conclusions have a number of policy implications. First, the Nation has no real national policy on harmful introductions; the current system is piecemeal, lacking adequate rigor and comprehensiveness. Second, many Federal and State statutes, regulations, and programs are not keeping pace with new and spreading non-indigenous pests.
  • Identified Difficulties and Conditions for Field Success of Biocontrol

    Identified Difficulties and Conditions for Field Success of Biocontrol

    Identified difficulties and conditions for field success of biocontrol. 4. Socio-economic aspects: market analysis and outlook Bernard Blum, Philippe C. Nicot, Jürgen Köhl, Michelina Ruocco To cite this version: Bernard Blum, Philippe C. Nicot, Jürgen Köhl, Michelina Ruocco. Identified difficulties and conditions for field success of biocontrol. 4. Socio-economic aspects: market analysis and outlook. Classical and augmentative biological control against diseases and pests: critical status analysis and review of factors influencing their success, IOBC - International Organisation for Biological and Integrated Controlof Noxious Animals and Plants, 2011, 978-92-9067-243-2. hal-02809583 HAL Id: hal-02809583 https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02809583 Submitted on 6 Jun 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. WPRS International Organisation for Biological and Integrated Control of Noxious IOBC Animals and Plants: West Palaearctic Regional Section SROP Organisation Internationale de Lutte Biologique et Integrée contre les Animaux et les OILB Plantes Nuisibles:
  • 1.6 Parasitoids of Giant Whitefly

    1.6 Parasitoids of Giant Whitefly

    UC Riverside UC Riverside Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Life Histories and Host Interaction Dynamics of Parasitoids Used for Biological Control of Giant Whitefly (Aleurodicus dugesii) Cockerell (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8020w7rd Author Schoeller, Erich Nicholas Publication Date 2018 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE Life Histories and Host Interaction Dynamics of Parasitoids Used for Biological Control of Giant Whitefly (Aleurodicus dugesii) Cockerell (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) A Dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Entomology by Erich Nicholas Schoeller March 2018 Dissertation Committee: Dr. Richard Redak, Chairperson Dr. Timothy Paine. Dr. Matthew Daugherty Copyright by Erich Nicholas Schoeller 2018 The Dissertation of Erich Nicholas Schoeller is approved: Committee Chairperson University of California, Riverside Acknowledgements This dissertation was made possible with the kind support and help of many individuals. I would like to thank my advisors Drs. Richard Redak, Timothy Paine, and Matthew Daugherty for their wisdom and guidance. Their insightful comments and questions helped me become a better scientist and facilitated the development of quality research. I would particularly like to thank Dr. Redak for his endless patience and unwavering support throughout my degree. I wish to also thank Tom Prentice and Rebeccah Waterworth for their support and companionship. Their presence in the Redak Lab made my time there much more enjoyable. I would like to thank all of the property owners who kindly allowed me to work on their lands over the years, as well as the many undergraduate interns who helped me collect and analyze data from the experiments in this dissertation.
  • Biosecurity Risk Assessment

    Biosecurity Risk Assessment

    An Invasive Risk Assessment Framework for New Animal and Plant-based Production Industries RIRDC Publication No. 11/141 RIRDCInnovation for rural Australia An Invasive Risk Assessment Framework for New Animal and Plant-based Production Industries by Dr Robert C Keogh February 2012 RIRDC Publication No. 11/141 RIRDC Project No. PRJ-007347 © 2012 Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. All rights reserved. ISBN 978-1-74254-320-8 ISSN 1440-6845 An Invasive Risk Assessment Framework for New Animal and Plant-based Production Industries Publication No. 11/141 Project No. PRJ-007347 The information contained in this publication is intended for general use to assist public knowledge and discussion and to help improve the development of sustainable regions. You must not rely on any information contained in this publication without taking specialist advice relevant to your particular circumstances. While reasonable care has been taken in preparing this publication to ensure that information is true and correct, the Commonwealth of Australia gives no assurance as to the accuracy of any information in this publication. The Commonwealth of Australia, the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation (RIRDC), the authors or contributors expressly disclaim, to the maximum extent permitted by law, all responsibility and liability to any person, arising directly or indirectly from any act or omission, or for any consequences of any such act or omission, made in reliance on the contents of this publication, whether or not caused by any negligence on the part of the Commonwealth of Australia, RIRDC, the authors or contributors. The Commonwealth of Australia does not necessarily endorse the views in this publication.
  • Biological Control of Ash Whitefly

    Biological Control of Ash Whitefly

    usually precipitate the quarantine and shipping restrictions associated with such insect pests as Mediterranean fruit fly. Furthermore, tools typically employed for early detection of low insect population densities, such as pheromone or bait traps, are not available for whiteflies, and newly introduced whiteflies are often wide- spread before they are discovered. Conse- quently, modern strategies for managing populations of exotic whitefly pests typi- cally center around biological control rather than eradication. The history of Siphoninus phillyreae (Haliday)in North America typifies many introduced whiteflies. Siphoninus phillyreae is an Old World species, reported in the Eastern Hemisphere from Morocco to In- dia, and from Ireland to Central Africa. Its discovery in California was the first re- corded in the Western Hemisphere. In the absence of effective natural enemies in California, this whitefly subsequently de- veloped extensive, damaging populations. Siphoninus phillyreae whitefly develops continuously, although more slowly dur- ing cooler (winter) temperatures, complet- ing several generations each year. In heavily infested areas populations rapidly occupy undersides of all leaves on suscep- tible trees. Nymphal populations on trees cause premature dehiscence of leaves and defoliation, severely reduce yield in fruit trees and, in some cases, cause the death of young pear trees following repeated defo- liation. Honeydew produced by whiteflies falls on sidewalks, lawns and automobiles, and is carried by air currents and foot traf- fic into homes, causing sticky furniture, draperies and carpets. It further serves as a medium for sooty molds, which discolor any surface affected by the honeydew, in- cluding fruit intended for market. Adult populations reach astounding levels, limit- ing outdoor activity in many areas.
  • Ash Whitefly, Siphoninus Phillyreae

    Ash Whitefly, Siphoninus Phillyreae

    DACS-P-01744 Pest Alert created 15-September-2010 Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry Charles H. Bronson, Commissioner of Agriculture Ash Whitefly, Siphoninus phillyreae (Haliday), a New Exotic Whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in Central Florida, and Encarsia inaron, its parasitoid (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) Ian C. Stocks, [email protected], Biological Scientist IV, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry Greg Hodges, [email protected], Bureau Chief - Entomology, Nematology and Plant Pathology, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry INTRODUCTION: In May 2010, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry (FDACS-DPI) staff were alerted to the possible presence of ash whitefly at Lake Buena Vista (Fig. 1). A subsequent inspection of containerized pomegranate trees (Punica granatum) revealed a moderate infestation of the ash whitefly on several trees. In early September 2010, DPI Entomologist Dr. Susan Halbert collected specimens from a pomegranate at a private residence in Panama City, Florida. This species had not previously been collected in Florida, although concern of its possible introduction and impact prompted DPI staff in 1990 to prepare an entomology circular (No. 337) and fact sheet (EENY-147) that presented photographs, a description and a discussion of its biology and potential agricultural and horticultural impact (http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/IN/IN30400.pdf). Ash whitefly was first detected in the continental United States California in LosAngeles County, California, in 1988, and was later found in Nevada, New Mexico and Arizona. An extensive infestation of ash whitefly on Bradford pears (Pyrus calleryana) was found in Raleigh, North Carolina in 1993 (Hackney et al., 1997), and it has been reported from Texas, South Carolina and Georgia (McDonald et al., 1996).
  • EU Project Number 613678

    EU Project Number 613678

    EU project number 613678 Strategies to develop effective, innovative and practical approaches to protect major European fruit crops from pests and pathogens Work package 1. Pathways of introduction of fruit pests and pathogens Deliverable 1.3. PART 7 - REPORT on Oranges and Mandarins – Fruit pathway and Alert List Partners involved: EPPO (Grousset F, Petter F, Suffert M) and JKI (Steffen K, Wilstermann A, Schrader G). This document should be cited as ‘Grousset F, Wistermann A, Steffen K, Petter F, Schrader G, Suffert M (2016) DROPSA Deliverable 1.3 Report for Oranges and Mandarins – Fruit pathway and Alert List’. An Excel file containing supporting information is available at https://upload.eppo.int/download/112o3f5b0c014 DROPSA is funded by the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration (grant agreement no. 613678). www.dropsaproject.eu [email protected] DROPSA DELIVERABLE REPORT on ORANGES AND MANDARINS – Fruit pathway and Alert List 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 2 1.1 Background on oranges and mandarins ..................................................................................................... 2 1.2 Data on production and trade of orange and mandarin fruit ........................................................................ 5 1.3 Characteristics of the pathway ‘orange and mandarin fruit’ .......................................................................
  • Invasive Species

    Invasive Species

    This document contains chapters extracted from the Egyptian State of Environment Reports for 2007 and 2008 that deal specifically with biodiversity. The complete reports are available at: http://www.eeaa.gov.eg/English/info/report_search.asp Biodiversity Introduction: Biodiversity is the sphere of life on earth that encompasses ecosystems, natural habitats, fauna and flora, microbial species, and genetic resource. Biodiversity provides food, fuel, construction materials, waste purification and decomposition, climate regulation, alleviation of disasters, renewal of soil fertility, disease combating, keeping genetic resources (crops, breeds, animal wealth, medicine and other products). For that reason, biodiversity is the basis of life prosperity, the means of human lives and cultures, and by its conservation, we keep humanity, providing its treasures for the existing and future generations. The Arab Republic of Egypt has paid special attention in the last 2 decades for natural resources conservation issues, and has enacted legislation to conserve natural heritage with support of political leadership to assure integration of development sectors with environment protection, and conserving natural resources for the existing and future generations. The promulgation of law no 102 of 1983 on protected areas was in tandem with the declaration of Ras Mohamed, the first national park in Egypt, in south Sinai, followed by establishment of 27 protectorates all over Egypt covering 15% of Egypt's total area. Since 1980 until now, many skills and experiences have been gained to improve protected areas management and biodiversity conservation. The first phase, during eighties, was distinguished by comprehensive protection, while the second phase during nineties, was distinguished by conservation and sustainable development, and currently the main target is comprehensive ecosystem management which depends on applying integrated ecosystem for human being welfare, as well as achieving 2010 target (reducing the rate of biodiversity loss).
  • Pest List for the Importation of Fresh Commercial Citrus Fruit: Grapefruit (Citrus × Paradisi); Lime (C

    Pest List for the Importation of Fresh Commercial Citrus Fruit: Grapefruit (Citrus × Paradisi); Lime (C

    Pest List for the Importation of Fresh Commercial Citrus Fruit: Grapefruit (Citrus × paradisi); Lime (C. aurantiifolia); Mandarin Orange, Tangerine, or Hybrids (C. reticulata); Sweet Orange (C. sinensis); and Tangelo (C. × tangelo) from Peru into the Continental United States November 2, 2012 Version 1 Agency Contact: Plant Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Laboratory Center for Plant Health Science and Technology United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine 1730 Varsity Drive, Suite 300 Raleigh, NC 27606 Ver. 1 (Original) November 2, 2012 i Executive Summary The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prepared this pest list to examine plant pest risks associated with importing commercially produced fresh Citrus fruit for consumption from all areas of Peru into the continental United States. This request (SENASA-Peru, 2011) is for the following species: grapefruit (Citrus × paradisi Macfad.); lime (C. aurantiifolia [Christm.] Swingle); mandarin orange, tangerine, or hybrids (C. reticulata Blanco); sweet orange (C. sinensis [L.] Osbeck); and tangelo (Citrus × tangelo J.W. Ingram & H.E. Moore) (Rutaceae). An earlier risk assessment was developed for exports of citrus from five production regions, and market access was established (USDA, 2003). Here, considering expansion of the export area from Peru to the entire country, we considered the pathway to include the following processes and conditions: phytosanitary
  • Biocontrol of the Pomegranate Whitefly, Siphoninus Phillyreae (Hemiptera

    Biocontrol of the Pomegranate Whitefly, Siphoninus Phillyreae (Hemiptera

    Egypt. J. Plant Prot. Res. Inst. (2018), 1(1): 51-57 Egyptian Journal of Plant Protection Research Institute www.ejppri.eg.net Biocontrol of the pomegranate whitefly, Siphoninus phillyreae (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) by augmentation, releasing and evaluation of Eretmocerus parasiphonini (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) in Egypt Shaaban Abd-Rabou Scale insects and mealybugs Research Department , Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center , Egypt ARTICLE INFO Abstract: Article History The pomegranate whitefly, Siphoninus phillyreae Received: 15/3/2018 (Haliday) (Hemiptera : Aleyrodidae) is one of the most Accepted: 1/7/2018 important pests infested pomegranate in Egypt. The aim of this ________________ work was to evaluate the biological control potential of the Keywords parasitoid, Eretmocerus parasiphonini Evans and Abd-Rabou Parasitic hymenoptera, (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) against the pomegranate whitefly, pomegranate whitefly, Siphoninus phillyreae (Haliday) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on biological control and pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) by mass rearing and Eretmocerus augmentative releases of this parasitoid during 2011-2014 in parasiphonini. Egypt. This parasitoid species were mass reared and monthly releases were made in the fields of pomegranate during each of three consecutive years (2011-2014). About 142578 E. parasiphonini individuals were released in fields in Assuit, Daqahylia and Giza governorates in Egypt on pomegranate which were naturally infested by S. phillyreae. Populations of the parasitoid and parasitism were much higher in field plots where releases were made as compared with where no releases were made. The maximum rate of parasitism reached 48.9, 42.1 and 46.7 % in Assuit, Daqahylia and Giza governorates, respectively in the field treatment where releases were made, while parasitism peaked at 2.6, 4.6 and 2.5% in Assuit, Daqahylia and Giza governorates, respectively where no releases were made.