Charlottesville’s Tree Packet Prepared: January 18th, 2007 Updated October 2016 “The best friend on earth of man is the tree. When we use the tree respectfully and economically, we have one of the greatest resources of the earth.”

—Frank Lloyd Wright Included Items: I. General Tree Planting Tips II. Master Tree List Large Deciduous Trees (60’ - 80’) Medium Deciduous Trees (40’ - 60’) Small Deciduous Trees (20’ - 40’) Ornamental Trees (20’ - 40’) Small Ornamental Trees ( 10’ - 20’) Broadleaved Evergreens and Ornamental Conifers (20’ - 70’) Broadleaved Evergreen/Semi-Evergreen Shrubs (3’ - 15’) Deciduous Shrubs (3’ - 30’) Trees recommended for use under utility lines Trees not recommended for planting

**Disclaimer** The following list is not to be considered as comprehensive. The trees listed are merely suggestions to the types and species of trees that the City of Charlottesville would endorse. Due to the constant evolution of the industry, new species and varietals may be introduced to the recommended list while others are removed. Nature is not static; therefore neither is this list, changes will have to be made continually to reflect this evolving aspect. This packet is to serve as a guide, nothing more, and nothing less.

* This document can be found at www.charlottesville.org in the Neighborhood Develop- ment Services Department under other Permits and Forms titled Master Tree List Tree Planting Tips

Trees in urban settings such as Charlottesville can survive, if provided an adequate environment. One of the ways in which, we can keep our trees healthy and alive is to provide them enough soil and room to grow. Often times in dense cities, trees are not provided sufficient space to spread their roots, ultimately leading to the death of the tree. In an effort to minimize these common pitfalls, we have provided some simple tips below.

Optimal Planting Time The ideal time to plant trees and shrubs is during the dormant season—in the fall after leaf drop or early spring before budbreak.

“Right Tree, Right Place” Planting tall-growing trees under and near power lines eventually requires pruning maintenance for safe clearance from wires. Pruning may result in the tree having an unnatural appearance. Periodic pruning can also lead to a shortened life span for the tree. Trees that must be pruned away from power lines are under greater stress and are more susceptible to insects and disease. Small, immature trees planted today can become problem trees in the future

Soil Volume: “Room to Grow” It is recommended that you follow the chart to the right for soil volume calculations. First, know the type of soil that you are dealing with. Soil samples are needed, which can be adminis- tered locally, or through private entities. Using less soil than recommended prevents the tree from reaching its full height and would result in the decline of the tree’s health. Also, leav- ing enough room for the crown spread by following the soil volume chart ensures that the tree will have enough room to grow without disturbing a nearby sidewalk, street, or structure. A tree’s health is directly contingent upon the amount of soil it is provided and the amount of room that is given to grow.

(James Urban; “Bringing Order to the Technical Dysfunction Within the Urban Forest.” Reprinted from the Journal of Arboriculture 18 (2): March 1992) Additional Suggestions • Planting evergreen trees on the west or north side of the house, approximately 50 feet (15 meters) or more from the house can serve as windbreaks.

• Planting deciduous trees (those that drop their leaves in the fall) on the south and/or west side of the house act as a cooling feature in the summer • It is recommended that one buy from a nursery that is a certified supplier. Preferably from the Virginia association of Nurseries or VNLA (www.vnla.org) and ANLA (American Nursery and Landscape Association; www.anla.org)

• For a tutorial on how to buy high quality trees visit www.treesaregood.com. Know your Soils!

Hardiness Zone for Charlottesville (7)

References:

* Dicke, Stephen G. “Preserving Trees in Construction Sites.” Mississippi State University Extension Service. www.msucares.com 2004. * Dirr, Michael. Manuel of Woody Landscape Plants (Third Edition) * National Arbor Day Foundation * Nelson, Brent. County of Albemarle’s Tree List. * Tim Hughes, City of Charlottesville Arborist. * Urban, James. “Growing the Urban Forest.” City of Toronto, Tree Symposium: Healthy Trees for a Beautiful City. * www.anla.org [american Nursery and Landscape as soc.] * http://www.ext.vt.edu/ [Va. Co-op extension; Va. Tech] * www.treesaregood.com * www.vnla.org [Va. nursery and lanscape assoc.] Where to plant Tall Trees (Tall Zone) Where to plant Low-Canopy trees/ shrubs (Low Zone) Trees that grow as tall as 60 feet (20 meters) are rec- This zone extends 15 feet (4.5 ommended for use in the area marked as the tall zone. meters) on either side of the wires. Plant large trees at least 35 feet (11 meters) away Trees with a mature height of less from the house for proper root development and to than 20 feet (6 meters) may be minimize damage to the house or building. These planted anywhere within this zone, large-growing trees are also recommended for streets including street tree plantings under without overhead restrictions. (Please refer to Zoning utility lines. Such trees are also Ordinance for specifics.) recommended when the growing It is advised that, street planting sites must also have space is limited. These trees are ap- wide planting areas or medians [greater than 8 feet propriate as well for narrow plant- (3 meters)] that allow for a large root system, trunk ing areas [less than 4 feet (1 meter) diameter, and root flare. Please refer to Zoning Ordi- wide]; planting squares or circles nance for specifics. surrounded by concrete; large, Large trees are also recommended for parks, mead- raised planting containers; or other ows, or other open areas where their large size, both locations where underground space above and below ground, will not be restricted, cause for roots will not support tall- or damage, or become a liability. medium-zone trees.

Where to plant Medium Sized trees (Medium Zone) Trees that grow up to 40 feet (12 meters) tall can be used to decorate or frame your house or provide a park-like setting. Medium-sized trees are also recommended for planting anywhere the available above and below ground growing space will al- low them to reach a mature height of 30 to 40 feet (10 to 12 meters). Appropriate soil spaces are wide planting areas or medians [4 to 8 feet (1 to 3 me- ters) wide], large planting squares [8 feet (3 meters) square or greater], and other open areas of similar size or larger. (Please refer to Zoning Ordinance for specifics.) Proper Tree Maintenance Root Systems Pruning Benefits Pruning trees removes unnecessary growth without the lifelong problems that topping creates. Typical pruning should only consist of dead, broken, or diseased branches. Topping a tree is considered by many arborists, the worst thing that you could do for the health of a tree. The act of topping makes the tree more susceptible to in- • Tree root systems can spread 2 – 3 times wider than the height of sects and diesease and it reduces its food-making capibilities. the tree. Roots will grow where moisture and oxygen are available. As a result, most of the tree’s fine absorbing roots are in the top 12 • For most deciduous (broadleaf) trees, don’t prune up from the inches of the soil. Water should be applied within the dripline of the bottom any more than ⅓ of the tree’s total height. tree (the Critical Root Zone in the box above). Large Limbs: A: Because roots need oxygen, they don’t normally A: Make a partial cut from beneath. grow in the compacted oxygen-poor soil under B: Make a second cut from above several inches out and allow paved streets. the limb to fall. B: The framework of major roots usually lies less than 8 to 12 C: Complete the job with a final cut just outside the branch inches below the surface. collar. C: Roots often grow outward to a diameter one to two times the height of the trees. Small Branches: Make a sharp clean cut, just beyond a lateral bud or other branch. WATER Water deeply and slowly. Ideally you want

to saturate the first inch of soil every 7-10 days. It’s Deep Crotching: “1/4 and 1/3 Rule”: important to water slowly, so the water is able to • Never remove more than ¼ of a tree’s crown in a completely infiltrate down to the tree’s root system. season. Watering for short periods of time will only encourage • Where possible, try to encourage side branches shallow root development, which can actually lead to that form angles that are ⅓ of vertical (10:00 more severe drought damage. Apply water so it moist- or 2:00 positions). ens the critical root zone to a depth of 12 inches. • For most species, the tree should have a single trunk; check to be sure. • Ideally, main side branches should be at least ⅓ smaller than the diameter of the trunk. • If removal of a main branch is necessary, cut it back to where it is attached to another large branch or the trunk. Do not truncate or leave a stub. Proper Tree Planting Charlottesville's Master Tree List City regulation requires 2" minimum caliper Total 10/2016 Botanical Name Common Name Min. Caliper Height of Growth Height in Ratio of Total Width Urban or Height Planting over 10 10 Years X Width to in 10 years Area of Canopy Tolerance (Min. Cal./Ht.) Notes (X) years* (Y) + Y = T Height [R] [R] T = D (D)^2*3.14/4= LARGE CANOPY TREES (50'-70') Shade and/ or Street

Indigenous to region, preferred Acer x freemanii Autumn Blaze Maple Y (2") 10 20 30 0.75 22.5 397 Acer saccharum & cvs. Sugar Maple (Bonfire, C.) (2") 11 10 21 0.75 15.75 195 Betula nigra "Heritage" "Heritage" River Birch Y (10'-12' ht.) Dura Heat another viable cv. 10 15 25 0.9 22.5 397 Carya glabra Pignut Hickory (2") Availability may be limited 11 5 16 0.55 8.8 61 Carya ovata & cvs. Shagbark Hickory (2") 11 5 16 0.6 9.6 72 Celtis laevigata Sugar Hackberry Y (2") Good street tree 10 20 30 0.9 27 572 Celtis occidentalis Hackberry Y (2") Good street tree 10 20 30 0.9 27 572 Celtis occidentalis x laevigata 'Magnifica' "Magnifica" Hackberry Y (2") 10 20 30 0.9 27 572 Diospyros virginiana Persimmon (2") 11 8 18.5 0.75 13.875 151 Fagus grandifolia American Beech (2") 10 10 20 0.85 17 227 Gymnocladus dioicus & cvs. Kentucky Coffeetree Y (2") Good street tree 10 25 35 0.77 26.95 570 Liquidambar styraciflua Sweetgum Y (2") Good street tree 12 15 27 0.66 17.82 249 Liquidambar styraciflua "Rotundiloba" "Rotundiloba" Sweetgum Y (2") Good street tree 12 15 27 0.6 16.2 206 Liriodendron tulipifera Tuliptree or Tulip Poplar (2") Good street tree 12 25 37 0.6 22.2 387 Magnolia acuminata Cucumbertree Magnolia (2") 10 20 30 0.6 18 254 Nyssa sylvatica Blackgum Tree (2") 11 8 19 0.66 12.54 123 Platanus occidentalis Sycamore (2") 12 35 47 0.85 39.95 1253 Quercus alba White Oak (2") 10 12 22 0.8 17.6 243 Quercus bicolor Swamp White Oak Y (2") Good street tree 11 20 31 0.63 19.53 299 Quercus coccinea Scarlet Oak (2") Good street tree 11 20 31 0.7 21.7 370 Quercus falcata Southern Red Oak (2") Good street tree Quercus imbricaria Shingle Oak (2") Good street tree 10 10 20 0.66 13.2 137 Quercus phellos Willow Oak Y (2") Good street tree 11 20 31 0.7 21.7 370 Quercus montana Chestnut Oak (2") Quercus rubra Northern Red Oak Y (2") Good street tree, succeptible to leaf scorch 11 20 31 0.75 23.25 424 Taxodium distichum Bald Cypress Y (10'-12' ht.) Good street tree 10 15 25 0.4 10 79 Tilia americana American Linden (2") 11 15 26 0.6 15.6 191 Ulmus americana cvs. American Elm (Valley Forge, Princeton) Y (2") Good street tree, no straight species 10 15 25 0.9 22.5 397

Limit use Acer rubrum & cvs. Red Maple (Oct. Glory, Red Sunset) (2") 10 20 30 0.75 22.5 397

Non invasive, exotic species Acer nigrum & cvs. Black Maple (2") 10 12 22 0.66 14.52 166 Aesculus hippocastanum Common Horsechestnut (2") 12 16 28 0.9 25.2 499 Carya illinoensis Pecan Good street tree Fagus sylvatica & cvs. European Beech (2") 10 10 20 0.75 15 177 Gleditsia triacanthos l. var. inermis Thornless Common Honeylocust Y (2") Good street tree 11 20 31 0.75 23.25 Metasequoia glyptostroboi Dawn Redwood (10'-12' ht.) 10 25 35 0.25 8.75 Platanus x acerifolia & cvs. Planetree (Bloodgood, Columbia) Y (2") Good street tree 11 18 28.5 0.76 21.66 368 Quercus robur English Oak (2") 11 20 31 0.66 20.46 329 Quercus shumardii Shumard Oak (2") 11 20 31 0.66 20.46 329 Tilia tomentosa "Green Mountain" "Green Mountain" Silver Linden Y (2") Good street tree 10 15 25 0.75 18.75 276 Sophora japonica Japanese Pagoda Y (2") Good street tree 8 20 28 0.7 19.6 302 Sophora japonica "Regent" "Regent Japanese Pagoda Y (2") flowers earlier than straight species 8 20 28 0.8 22.4 394

*This assumes a minimum planting volume of 400cu ft of uncompacted soil per tree. Trees with less than this amount will grow at reduced rates. Charlottesville's Master Tree List City regulation requires 2" minimum caliper Total Botanical Name Common Name Min. Caliper Height of Growth Height in Ratio of Total Width Urban or Height Planting over 10 10 Years X Width to in 10 years Area of Canopy 10/2016 Tolerance (Min. Cal./Ht.) Notes (X) years* (Y) + Y = T Height [R] [R] T = D (D)^2*3.14/4= Medium Canopy Trees (30'-50') Indigenous to region, preferred Acer rubrum & cvs. Red Maple (Autumn Flame) (2") 10 10 20 0.75 15 177 Celtis laevigata "All Seasons" "All Season" Sugar Hac.. (2") 10 20 30 0.75 22.5 397 Cladrastis kentukea Yellowwood Halesia monticola Mountain Silverbell (2") 10 15 25 0.66 16.5 214 Malus spp. & cvs. Flowering Crabapple (Donald Wyman) (2") Salix nigra Black Willow (2") Sassafras albidum Common Sassafras (2") 9 15 24 0.66 15.84 197

Non invasive, exotic species Carpinus betulus European Hornbeam (2") 10 10 20 0.75 15 177 Cercidiphyllum japonicum Katsuratree (2") 8 20 28 0.6 16.8 222 Corylus colurna Turkish Filbert Y (2") 9 18 26.5 0.5 13.25 138 Ginko Biloba Ginkgo Y (2") Male cultivars only 11 10 21 0.5 10.5 Quercus acutissima Sawtooth Oak (2") 12 30 42 0.65 27.3 585 Tilia cordata Littleaf Linden Y (2") 12 15 27 0.66 17.82 249 Ulmus 'Patriot' Patriot Elm Y (2") American/Japanese cross

Limit Use Ulmus parvifolia & cvs. Chinese Elm Y (2") 12 15 27 0.8 21.6 366 Zelkova serrata Zelkova Y (2") 12 20 32 0.66 21.12 350

Small Deciduous Trees (15'-30')

Indigenous to region, preferred Carpinus caroliniana American Hornbeam Y (6'-8' & 10'-12') 11 9 20 0.8 16 201 Crataegus viridis "Winter King" "Winter King" Hawthorn (6'-8' ht.) 7 10 17 0.9 15.3 184 Ostrya virginiana American Hophornbeam (6'-8' ht.) 7 10 17 0.66 11.22 99 Oxydendrum arboreum Sourwood (6'-7') 7 12 18.66 0.71 13.2486 138

Non invasive, exotic species Acer buergeranum Trident Maple (6'-8' ht.) 7 7 14 0.9 12.6 125 Acer campestre & cvs. Hedge Maple (6'-8' ht.) 7 12 19 0.9 17.1 230 Carpinus betulus "Fastigia" Pyramidal European Hornbeam (6'-8' & 10'-12') 11 10 21 0.55 11.55 105 Crataegus crusgalli var. Thornless Cockspur Hawthorn (6'-8' ht.) 7 10 17 0.9 15.3 184 Crataegus laevigata Paul's Scarlet English Hawthorn (6'-8' ht.) 7 7 14 0.9 12.6 125 Koelreuteria paniculata Goldernraintree (6'-8' ht.) 7 15 22 1 22 380 Maackia amurensis & cvs. "Starburst" Amur Maaskia (6'-8' ht.) 7 5 12 0.9 10.8 92 Malus baccata "Walters" Crabapple (6'-8' ht.) 7 10 17 0.66 11.22 99 Pistacia chinesis Chinese Pistache (6'-7') 7 10 17 0.9 15.3 184 Prunus cerasifera & cvs. Flowering Plum (6'-7') 7 8 15 0.9 13.5 143 Prunus incisa x Campanul "Okame" Flowering Cherry (6'-7') Prunus sargentil & cvs. Sargent Cherry (6'-7') 7 10 17 0.75 12.75 128 Prunus serrulata & cvs. Japanesse Flowering Cherry (6'-7') 7 7 14 0.75 10.5 87 Prunus x subhirtella "Accolade" "Accolade" Flowering High (6'-7') 7 7 14 0.66 9.24 67 Prunus yeodensis & cvs. Yoshino Flowering Cherry (6'-7') 7 8 15 0.75 11.25 99

*This assumes a minimum planting volume of 400cu ft of uncompacted soil per tree. Trees with less than this amount will grow at reduced rates. Charlottesville's Master Tree List City regulation requires 2" minimum caliper Total Botanical Name Common Name Min. Caliper Height of Growth Height in Ratio of Total Width Urban or Height Planting over 10 10 Years X Width to in 10 years Area of Canopy Tolerance (Min. Cal./Ht.) Notes (X) years* (Y) + Y = T Height [R] [R] T = D (D)^2*3.14/4= 10/2016 Flowering Trees (20'-30')

Indigenous to region, preferred Amelanchier canadensis Shadblow Serviceberry (6'-7' ht.; clump) 7 13 19.5 0.66 12.87 130 Amelanchier x grandiflora Serviceberry (6'-7' ht.; clump) 7 13 19.5 0.66 12.87 130 Amelanchier laevis & cvs. Alleghey Serviceberry (6'-7' ht.; clump) 7 13 19.5 0.66 12.87 130 Catalpa bignonioides Southern Catalpa (6'-8' ht.) 7 15 22 0.9 19.8 308 Cercis canadensis & cvs Eastern Redbud (6'-7') 7 10 17 0.74 12.58 124 Cornus Florida & cvs. Flowering Dogwood (6'-7') 7 10 17 0.74 12.58 124 Halesia carolina & cvs. Carolina Silverbell (6'-8' ht.) 7 12 19 0.66 12.54 123 Halesia diptera "Magniflora" Two-Winged Silverbell (6'-8' ht.) 7 10 17 0.75 12.75 128 Magnolia grandiflora & cvs. Southern Magnolia (6'-8' ht.) 7 10 17 0.6 10.2 82

Non invasive, exotic species Acer griseum Paperbark Maple Y (6'-8' ht.) 7 9 16 0.66 10.56 88 Betula jacquemontii White-Barked Himalayan (6'-7') 7 15 22 0.6 13.2 137 Betula platyphylla "Whitespire" "Whitespire" Asian Whitespire (6'-7' ht.; clump) 7 15 22 0.6 13.2 137 Cornus kousa & cvs. Kousa Dogwood Y (6'-7') 7 8 15 0.85 12.75 128 Cornus x (Rutban, Rutcar) Rutgers Series Flowering (6'-7') 7 10 17 0.74 12.58 124 Magnolia x loebneri & cvs. Loebner Magnolia (6'-8' ht.) 7 8 15 0.7 10.5 87 Magnolia x soulangiana Saucer Magnolia (6'-8' ht.) 7 10 17 0.8 13.6 145 Parrotia persica Persian Parrotia (6'-8' ht.) 7 12 19 0.75 14.25 159 Prunus corinthian & cvs. Flowering Peach (6'-8' ht.) Prunus subhirtella "Autumn" Autumn Flowering Higan (6'-8' ht.) 7 8 15 0.66 9.9 77 Prunus subhirtella "Pendula" Weeping Cherry (6'-8' ht.) 7 8 15 0.66 9.9 77 Salix babylonica Babylon Weeping Willow (6'-8' ht.) 7 10 17 0.8 13.6 145 Stewartia koreana Korean Stewartia (6'-8' ht.) 7 7 14 0.66 9.24 67 Stewartia pseudocamellia Japanese Stewartia (6'-8' ht.) 7 8 15 0.66 9.9 77 Syringa reticulata & cvs. Japanese Tree Lilac (6'-8' ht.) 8 10 18 0.75 13.5 143 *This assumes a minimum planting volume of 400cu ft of uncomp Charlottesville's Master Tree List City regulation requires 2" minimum caliper Total Botanical Name Common Name Min. Caliper Height of Growth Height in Ratio of Total Width Urban or Height Planting over 10 10 Years X Width to in 10 years Area of Canopy Tolerance (Min. Cal./Ht.) Notes (X) years* (Y) + Y = T Height [R] [R] T = D (D)^2*3.14/4= Small Flowering Trees (10'-20') 10/2016 Indigenous to region, preferred Aesculus pavia Red Buckeye (6'-7') Chionanthus virginicus White Fringetree (6'-7') 6 8 14 0.9 12.6 125 Cornus alternifolia Pagoda Dogwood (6'-7') Cornus florida 'Cloud 9', 'Cherokee Princess' Flowering Dogwood (6'-7') Cornus florida rubra Pink Dogwood (6'-7') Hamamelis virginiana Common Witch Hazel (6'-7') 6 10 16 0.75 12 113 Magnolia virginiana Sweet Bay Magnolia (6'-7') 6 10 16 0.75 12 113 Malus 'Donald Wyman' Donald Wyman Crab Apple (2") Malus 'Katherine' Katherine Crab Apple (2") Malus 'Red Jade' Red Jade Crab Apple (2") Malus & cvs. Crabapple (6'-7') Stewartia ovata Mountain Stewartia (6'-7') 6 10 16 0.75 12 113 Viburnum prunifolium Blackhaw Viburnum (6'-7') 7 8 15 0.73 10.95 94

Non invasive, exotic species Acer ginnala "Flame" "Flame" Amur Maple (6'-7') 6 12 18 0.9 16.2 206 Acer palmatum Japanese Maple (6'-7') 6 10 16 0.9 14.4 163 Acer palmatum 'Crimson Queen' Crimson Queen Japanese Maple (2") Acer tataricum Tartarian Maple (6'-7') 6 7 13 0.9 11.7 107 Acer palmatum dissectum Cutleaf Japanese Maple (2") Catalpa bungei Umbrella Catalpa (6'-7') 6 10 16 0.9 14.4 163 Chionanthus retusus Chinese Fringetree (6'-7') 6 6 12 0.9 10.8 92 Cornus mas Corneliancherry Dogwood (6'-7') 6 10 16 0.75 12 113 Cornus x 'Aurora' Rutgers Dogwood (2") Cotinus coggygria & cvs. Royal Purple Smoketree (6'-7') 6 10 16 0.9 14.4 163 Cotinus Obovatus American Smoke Tree (2") Enkianthus campanulatus Redvein Enkianthus (6'-7') 6 7 13 0.65 8.45 56 Franklinia altamaha Franklin Tree (6'-7') 6 10 16 0.7 11.2 98 Laburnum x watereri Goldenchain Tree (6'-7') 7 10 17 0.65 11.05 96 Magnolia liliiflora Magnolia (Ann, Betty, g…) (6'-7') 6 2 8 0.75 6 28 Magnolia stellata Star Magnolia (6'-7') 6 6 12 0.66 7.92 49 Malus floribunda Japanese Flowering Crabtree (6'-7') 6 8 14 0.7 9.8 75 Malus hupehensis & cvs Tea Crabapple (6'-7') 6 10 16 0.8 12.8 129 Malus sargentii Sargent Crabapple (6'-7') 6 2 8 0.9 7.2 41 Malus transitoria "Schmidt" "Golden Raindrops" Crabapple (6'-7') Malus zumi calocarpa Zumi Crabapple (6'-7') Pyrus fauriei "Westwood" Korean Sun Flowering (6'-7') 6 10 16 0.7 11.2 98 Salix matsundana 'Tortuosa' Corkscrew willow (2") Styrax japonica Japanese Snowbell (6'-7') 7 8 15 0.73 10.95 94 Viburnum sieboldii Siebold viburnum (6'-7') 6 8 14 0.66 9.24 67

Limit Use Lagerstroemia indica & cvs Crepe Myrtle (6'-7') 6 9 15 0.66 9.9 77

*This assumes a minimum planting volume of 400cu ft of uncomp Charlottesville's Master Tree List City regulation requires 2" minimum caliper Total Botanical Name Common Name Min. Caliper Height of Growth Height in Ratio of Total Width Urban or Height Planting over 10 10 Years X Width to in 10 years Area of Canopy Tolerance (Min. Cal./Ht.) Notes (X) years* (Y) + Y = T Height [R] [R] T = D (D)^2*3.14/4= Broadleaved Evergreens (Screening) and Ornamental Conifers (20'-70')

Indigenous to region, preferred 10/2016 llex opaca & cvs American Holly (4'-5') 4.5 10 14.5 0.58 8.41 56 Juniperus virginiana & cvs. Eastern Redcedar (4'-5') 4.5 10 14.5 0.31 4.495 16 Magnolia grandiflora Southern Magnolia (4'-5') 4.5 10 14.5 0.57 8.265 54 Pinus resinosa Red Pine (4'-5') 5 12 17 0.75 12.75 128 Pinus strobus Eastern White Pine (4'-5') 4.5 20 24.5 0.5 12.25 118 Thuja occidentalis & cvs. Eastern Arborvitae (4'-5') 4.5 10 14.5 0.25 3.625 10

Non invasive, exotic species Abies concolor White Fir, Concolor Fir (4'-5') 5 10 15 0.5 7.5 44 Cedrus atlantica "Glauca" Blue Atlas Cedar (4'-5') 4.5 10 14.5 0.5 7.25 41 Cedrus deodara Deodar Cedar (4'-5') 4.5 20 24.5 0.55 13.475 143 Cedrus libani Cedar of Lebanon (4'-5') 4.5 10 14.5 0.65 9.425 70 Chamaecyparis lawsonian Lawson Falsecypress (4'-5') 4.5 20 24.5 0.55 13.475 143 Cryptomeria japonica & cvs. Cryptomeria (Black Dragon) (4'-5') 5 20 25 0.5 12.5 123 Cupressus arizonica Blue Arizona Cypress (4'-5') 5 10 15 0.5 7.5 44 llex x aquipernyi San Jose Holly (4'-5') 5 10 15 0.63 9.375 69 llex x attenuata "Fosteri" Foster Holly (4'-5') 4.5 10 14.5 0.31 4.495 16 llex x 'Nellie R. Stevens' Nellie R. Stevens Holly (4'-5') 2 10 12 0.63 7.5 44 Larix decidua European Larch (4'-5') 5 20 25 0.4 10 79 Picea abies Norway Spruce (4'-5') 4.5 10 14.5 0.5 7.25 41 Picea glauca White Spruce (4'-5') 4.5 10 14.5 0.3 4.35 15 Picea orientalis Oriental Spruce (4'-5') 5 10 15 0.4 6 28 Picea omorika Serbian Spruce (4'-5') 5 10 15 0.4 6 28 Picea pungens var. glauca Colorado Blue Spruce (4'-5') 4.5 10 14.5 0.3 4.35 15 Pinus bungeana Lacebark Pine (4'-5') 4.5 8 12.5 0.66 8.25 53 Pinus cembra Swiss Stone Pine (4'-5') 4.5 10 14.5 0.5 7.25 41 Pinus densiflora Japanese Red Pine (4'-5') 5 12 17 0.75 12.75 128 Pinus flexilis Limber Pine (4'-5') 4.5 10 14.5 0.5 7.25 41 Pinus parviflora Japanese White Pine (4'-5') 4.5 10 14.5 0.8 11.6 106 Pinus sylvestris Scots Pine (4'-5') 4.5 12 16.5 0.65 10.725 90 Pinus taeda Loblollly Pine (4'-5') 5 20 25 0.65 16.25 207 Pinus thunbergiana Japanese Black Pine (4'-5') 4.5 11 15 0.9 13.5 143 Taxus baccata English Yew (4'-5') 4.5 8 12.5 0.62 7.75 47 Taxus cuspidata "Capitata" Upright Japanese Yew (4'-5') 4.5 8 12.5 0.62 7.75 47 Thuja orientalis & cvs. Oriental Arborvitae (4'-5') 4.5 10 14.5 0.3 4.35 15 Thuja plicata & cvs. Giant Arborvitae (4'-5') 4.5 10 14.5 0.2 2.9 7 *This assumes a minimum planting volume of 400cu ft of uncomp Charlottesville's Master Tree List City regulation requires 2" minimum caliper 10/2016 Total Botanical Name Common Name Min. Caliper Height of Growth Height in Ratio of Total Width Urban or Height Planting over 10 10 Years X Width to in 10 years Area of Canopy Tolerance (Min. Cal./Ht.) Notes (X) years* (Y) + Y = T Height [R] [R] T = D (D)^2*3.14/4= Broadleaved Evergreen/ Semi Evergreen Shrubs (screening (3'-15')

Indigenous to region, preferred llex glabra & cvs Inkberry Holly (2") 2 4 6 0.9 5.4 23 Leucothoe axillaris Coast Leucothoe (2") 2 2 4 1.5 6 28 Leucothoe fontanesiana Drooping Leucothoe (2") 2 3 5 0.75 3.75 11 Magnolia grandiflora 'Little Gem' Little Gem Magnolia (2") Myrica cerifera & cvs Southern Waxmyrtle (2") 3 7 10 0.75 7.5 44 Myrica penslyvanica Northern Bayberry (2") 3 3 6 0.8 4.8 18

Non invasive, exotic species Abelia grandiflora Glossy Abelia (2") 2 3 5 0.85 4.25 14 Aucuba japonica Japanese Aucuba (2") 2 4 6 0.85 5.1 20 Berberis julianae Wintergreen Barberry (2") 2 3 5 0.85 4.25 14 Berberis verruculosa Warty Barberry (2") 2 3 5 0.5 2.5 5 Berberis x gladwynensis "William Penn" Barberry (2") 2 2 4 0.5 2 3 Buxus microphylla & cvs. Littleleaf Box (2") 2 1 3 0.75 2.25 4 Buxus sempervirens & cvs. Common Boxwood (2") 2 3 5 0.75 3.75 11 Buxus sempervirens "Suff.." Dwarf English Boxwood (2") 2 2 4 0.9 3.6 10 Buxus & cvs Boxwood (Green Mountain) (2") 2 2 4 0.9 3.6 10 Cotoneaster dammeri & cvs Bearberry Cotoneaster (2") 1 1 2 0.9 1.8 3 Cotoneaster salicifolius Willowleaf Cotoneaster (2") 5 5 10 0.75 7.5 44 Daphne cneorum Rose Daphne (2") 2 4 6 0.9 5.4 23 Daphne odora Fragrant Daphne (2") 2 2 4 0.9 3.6 10 Daphne x burkwoodii "Son" "Somerset Daphne" (2") 2 2 4 0.9 3.6 10 Hypericum calycinum Aaronsbeard St. Johnswood (2") 2 2 4 0.9 3.6 10 llex cornuta "Bufordii" Buford Holly (2") 2 3 5 0.85 4.25 14 llex cornuta & cvs Chinese Holly (Dwarf Buford) (2") 2 3 5 0.85 4.25 14 llex cornuta 'Carissa' Carissa Holly (2") 2 4 6 0.75 4.5 16 llex crenata & cvs Japanese Holly (2") 2 3 5 0.9 4.5 16 llex crenata & cvs Japanese Holly (2") 2 3 5 0.9 4.5 16 llex x aquipernyi "Dragon Lady" "Dragon Lady" Holly (2") 2 10 12 0.65 7.8 48 llex x meserveae & cvs Meserve Holly (2") 3 3 6 0.9 5.4 23 Jasminum nudiflorum Winter Jasmine (2") 2 2 4 0.9 3.6 10 Juniperus chinensis & cvs Chinese Juniper (2") 3 2 5 0.75 3.75 11 Juniperus scopulorum "Wichita Blue" "Wichita Blue" Juniper (2") 3 2 5 0.75 3.75 11 Mahonia aquifolium Oregon Hollygrape (2") 2 2 4 0.4 1.6 2 Osmanthus heterophyllus Holly Osmanthus (2") 2 8 10 0.85 8.5 57 Osmanthus x fortunei Fortune's Osmanthus (2") 5 10 15 0.75 11.25 99 Photinia x frazeri Red Photinia (2") 2 8 10 0.5 5 20 Picea abies 'Little Gem' Dwarf Norway Spruce (2") 2 1 3 0.65 1.95 3 Picea abies 'Nidiformis' Birds Nest Spruce (2") 2 3 5 0.66 3.3 9 Pieris floribunda Mountain Pieris (2") 2 3 5 0.85 4.25 14 Pieris japonica & cvs Japanese Pieris (Dorothy) (2") 3 6 9 0.75 6.75 36 Pinus mugo Mugo Dwarf Mountain Pi.. (2") 3 9 12 0.9 10.8 92 Prunus laurocerasus & cvs Cherry Laurel (Otto Luyk..) (2") 2 2 4 0.9 3.6 10 Pyracantha 'Lowboy' Lowboy Firethorn (2") 2 1 3 0.9 2.7 6 Pyracantha x cvs Firethorn (Fiery Cascade) (2") 2 4 6 0.9 5.4 23 Pyracantha coccinea 'lala' Orange Laland Firethorn (2") 2 6 8 0.75 6 28 Rhododendron spp. Azalea (Glenn Dale) (2") 2 1 3 0.9 2.7 6 Rhododendron spp. Rhododendron (2") 3 3 6 0.5 3 7 Sarcococca Hookerana Dwarf Himalayan Sweet (2") 2 2 4 0.9 3.6 10 Sarcococca ruscifolia Sweet Box (2") 2 1 3 0.9 2.7 6 Skimmia japonica Japanese Skimmia (2") 2 1 3 0.9 2.7 6 Taxus baccata "Repandens" English Spreading Yew (2") 2 2 4 1.5 6 28 Taxus cuspidata & cvs Japanese Yew (2") 2 4 6 1.6 9.6 72 Taxus x media & cvs Anglojap Yew (2") 2 1 3 0.65 1.95 3 Viburnam xburkwoodii Burkwood Viburnam (2") 4 4 8 0.66 5.28 22 Viburnum x pragense Prague Viburnam (2") 5 5 10 0.75 7.5 44 Viburnam rhytidophyllum "Alleghany" Viburnam (2") 5 5 10 0.9 9 64 Viburnum utile "Conoy" "Conoy" Viburnam (2") 2 2 4 1.2 4.8 18

*This assumes a minimum planting volume of 400cu ft of uncompacted soil per tree. Trees with less than this amount will grow at reduced rates. Charlottesville's Master Tree List City regulation requires 2" minimum caliper 10/2016 Total Botanical Name Common Name Min. Caliper Height of Growth Height in Ratio of Total Width Urban or Height Planting over 10 10 Years X Width to in 10 years Area of Canopy Tolerance (Min. Cal./Ht.) Notes (X) years* (Y) + Y = T Height [R] [R] T = D (D)^2*3.14/4= Deciduous Shrubs (3'-30')

Indigenous to region, preferred Aesculus parviflora Bottlebrush Buckeye (2") 1 7 8 0.85 6.8 36 Calycanthus floridus Common Sweetshrub (2") 1 5 6 0.95 5.7 26 Callicarpa americana American Beautyberry (2") 1 3 4 1.2 4.8 18 Caryopteris "Longwood Blue Mist" Blue Mist Shrub (2") 1 3 4 0.9 3.6 10 Cephalanthus occidentalis Buttonbush (2") 1 3 4 0.85 3.4 9 Clenthra alnifolia & cvs Summerset Clethra (2") 1 5 6 0.75 4.5 16 Cornus racemosa Gray Dogwood (2") 1 9 10 0.9 9 64 Cornus sericea & cvs Red-twig Dogwood (2") 1 7 8 1.2 9.6 72 Cornus sericea "Arctic Fire" Dwarf Red-twig Dogwood (2") 1 7 8 1.2 9.6 72 Fothergilla gardenii Dwarf Fothergilla (2") 1 1 2 0.9 1.8 3 Fothergilla major Large Fothergilla (2") 1 5 6 0.85 5.1 20 Hamamelis virginiana American Witchhazel (2") 1 10 11 0.9 9.9 77 llex verticillata & cvs Winterberry Holly (2") 1 5 6 0.9 5.4 23 Itea virginica "Henry's Garnet" "Henry's Garnet" Sweets (2") 1 2 3 1.5 4.5 16 Lindera benzoin Spicebush (2") 1 5 6 0.9 5.4 23 Rhododendron periclymenoides Pinxterbloom Azalea (2") 2 1 3 0.9 2.7 6 Photinia pyrifolia "Brilliantissima" Brilliant Red Chokecherry (2") 1 5 6 0.5 3 7 Physocarpus opulifolius "Dart's Golden" "Dart's Golden" Ninebark (2") 1 4 5 1 5 20 Rhus aromatica Flameleaf Sumac (2") 1 1 2 1.3 2.6 5 Rhus copallina Fragrant Sumac (2") 1 15 16 1.2 19.2 289 Rhus glabra Smooth Sumac (2") 1 8 9 1 9 64 Rhus typhina Staghorn Sumac (2") 1 14 15 1.2 18 254 Viburnum dentatum Arrowwood Viburnum (2") 1 6 7 0.9 6.3 31 Viburnum lentago Nannyberry Viburnum (2") 1 14 15 0.6 9 64 Viburnum nudum "Winterthur" "Winterthur" Viburnum (2") 1 5 6 1 6 28 Viburnum opulus "Sterile" Old Fashinoned Viburnum (2") 1 7 8 1.2 9.6 72 Viburnum prunifolium Blackhaw Viburnum (2") 1 11 12 0.75 9 64 Viburnum trilobum American Cranberrybush (2") 1 7 8 1 8 50

Non invasive, exotic species Callicarpa japonica Japanese Beautyberry (2") 1 3 4 0.9 3.6 10 Cornus alba "Argenteo-ma European Variegated (2") 1 7 8 0.75 6 28 Cotoneaster apiculatus Cranberry Cotoneaster (2") 1 2 3 1 3 7 Cotoneaster horizontalis Rockspray Cotoneaster (2") 1 2 3 1.2 3.6 10 Deutzia gracillis & cvs Slender Deutzia (Nikko) (2") 1 2 3 1.2 3.6 10 Forsythia x intermedia & cvs Forsythia (Lynwood) (2") 3 2 5 0.9 4.5 16 Hamamelis x intermedia & cvs Witchhazel (Arnold Prom) (2") 1 10 11 0.9 9.9 77 Hamamelis mollis Chinese Witchhazel (2") 1 9 10 0.9 9 64 Hamamelis vernalis Vernal Witchhazel (2") 1 5 6 0.9 5.4 23 Hydrangea quercifolia & cvs Oakleaf Hydrangea (2") 1 4 5 0.9 4.5 16 Hypericum x "Hidcote" "Hidcote" St. Johnswort (2") 1 2 3 0.9 2.7 6 llex decidua Possumhaw (2") 1 8 9 0.8 7.2 41 Kerria japonica Japanese Kerria (2") 1 2 3 1.2 3.6 10 Potentilla fruticosa & cvs Cinquefoil (Abbotswood,) (2") 1 2 3 1 3 7 Prunus cistena Purpleleaf Sand Cherry (2") 1 6 7 0.85 5.95 28 Spiraea x bumalda & cvs Spirea (Neon Flash) (2") 1 2 3 1 3 7 Spiraea nipponica & cvs Spirea (Snowmound) (2") 1 2 3 1 3 7 Spiraea x vanhouttei Vanhoutte Spirea (2") 1 5 6 1.2 7.2 41 Syringa meyeri "Palibin" Compack Meyer Lilac (2") 1 4 5 1.5 7.5 44 Syringa patula "Miss Kim" "Miss Kim" Manchurian L (2") 1 2 3 1 3 7 Syringa x chinensis Chinese Lilac (2") 1 7 8 1 8 50 Viburnum lantana & cvs Wayfaringtree Viburnum (2") 1 11 12 1 12 113 Viburnum plicatum & cvs Snowball Viburnum (2") 1 7 8 1 8 50 Viburnum plicatum toment Doublefile Viburnum (2") 1 7 8 1 8 50 Viburnum x carlcephalum Fragrant Viburnum (2") 1 5 6 1 6 28 Viburnum x "Juddii" Judd Viburnum (2") 1 6 7 1 7 38

*This assumes a minimum planting volume of 400cu ft of uncompacted soil per tree. Trees with less than this amount will grow at reduced rates. Latin Name Common Name 'cold Hardiness1 heat AV~.Mature height tolerance zones bow Heip? t Zone-- Under Utility Lines Trees thai do not exceed 20 feet in mature height, or that may need infrequent crown height reduction. Acer Ginnala Amur Maple 2-8 1 7-1 15'- 18' Acer platanoides 'Globosum' Globe Norway Maple 4-8 18-3 15' - 18' Amelanchier arborea, A, canadensis Serviceberries 4-9 I9-4 15'- 30' Chionanthus retusus ~hinese~rin~etree 6-8 / 8-5 15' - 25' Chioanthus Virginicus [white Fringetree 5-9 1 9-5 10' - 20' Cornus alternifolia pagoda ~ogwood 4-8 18-1 15' - 25' Cornus mas 'Spring Glow' Cornelian Cherry 5-8 1 8-3 20 - 25' Fraxinus pennsylvanica 'Johnson' Leprechaun Ash 4-9 1 9-1 15'- 18' Magnolia grandiflora 'Little Gem' ~ittleGem ~a~nolia 7-9 19-3 10' - 20' Magnolia x soulangiana Saucer Magnolia 6-9 I9-61- 15' - 25' Magnolia stellata Star Magnolia i 5-9 1 9-5, 6 - 20' ~alusspp. I Flowering Crabapple 4-8 I8-1 10 - 30' Prunus cerasifera 'Thundercloud' 'Cherry Plum 5-9 1 9-4' 15 - 20' Viburnum sieboldii Siebold Viburnum 4-8 18-5 15 - 20'

Large Shrubs that can be pruned into tree form for use under overhead utility lines Hibiscus syriacus Altheal Rose of Sharon 5-9 I9-1 1 8' - 12' Lagerstroemia indica Crape Myrtle* 7-9 1 9-7 16 10' - 25' Viburnum plicatum var. tomentosum Doublefile viburnum 1 6-8 I8-6 6' - 15' viburnum prunifolium , Blackhad Viburnum 3-9 1 9-1 12' - 20'

Vitex agnus-castus~p~-- - . chastetree 6-9 I9-1 8' - 15'

Medium Height Zone -- Near Utility Lines Trees that generally exceed 20' in mature height; if used under easement will require more frequent pruning if planted in good growing location Acer Buergeranum Trident Maple 5-9 I9-3' 20' - 25' Acer campestre Hedge Maple 5-8 18-4 25' - 35' Carpinus Caroliana ~mericanHornbeam 3-9 19-1 20' - 35' Cercis canadensis 'Texas white' White Redbud 6-9 19-6 20' - 30' Cornus Kousa Kousa Dogwood 5-8 18-3 20' - 30' Cornus-- x~ Rutgerinensis Stellar Dogwood 5-8 1 8-3 20' - 30'

Crataegus crus-gal11var. inermis IThornless cockspur Hawthorne - 4-7~~ I7-1 20' - 30'~ Halesia diptera I Carolina silverbell 5-8 1 8-4 30' - 40' Koelreuteria Paniculata olde en-rain Tree 6-9 19-6 25' - 35' Magnolia x 'Galaxy' Galaxy Magnolia 6-9 19-6 20' - 30' Magnolia x loebneri 'Merrill' erri ill Magnolia 5-9 1 9-5 25' - 30' Oxydendron arboreum Sou wood 5-9 1 9-4 20' - 40' Parrotia persica Persian Parrotia 4-7 I7-1 20' - 40' Pistacia Chinensis ~hinesePistache 6-9 1 9-6 30' - 35' Prunus Mume 1 Flowering Apricot 6-8 1 8-6 20' - 25' Prunus x 'Okame' Okame ~herj- 5-8 1 8-4 20' - 25'

Prunus x Yedoensis ~ Yoshino~ Cherry 6-8 I8-6 20' - 40' Rhus Copallina Flameleaf Sumac 4-9 19-3 20' - 30' Stewartia Pseudocamellia Japanese Stewartia 5-8 18-5 20' - 40' Styrax Japonicus (esp. 'Pink Chimes') Japanese Snowbell 6-8 1 8-6. 20' - 30' Styrax 0 bassia ragr rant snowbell 6-8 I8-61 20' - 30' Syringa Reticulata Japanese Tree Lilac I 4-7 17-1! 20' - 30' Tall Trees that can be used near (but not under) utility lines due to their more upright or narrow crowns Acer Platanoides 'Columnare, 'Crimson Sentry', 'Easy Street', Olmstead' Norway Maple 3-7 17-1 25' - 45' Acer Rubrum 'Armstrong', 'Bowhall' Red Maple 3-9 I 9-1 40' - 50' Acer Saccharum 'Apollo', 'Newton Sentry' Sugar Maple 4-8 18-3 30' - 50' carpinus ~etulus~'~olumnaris','Fastigiata' European Hornbeam 4-8 18-1j 30' - 50' Ginko Biloba 'Fairmount', Fastigiata', iI 'Princeton Sentry' 5-9 1 9-2 40' - 60' ~agnohaGrandiflora 'Alta', 'Hasse' I gzA::rn Magnolia* 7-9 19-3 40' - 50' Pyrus Calleryana 'Capital', 'Cleveland Select', 'Whitehouse' Callery Pear 5-8 18-2 30' - 40' Quercus Robur 'Fastigiata', 'Skyrocket' English Oak 4-8 I8-4 40' - 50'

* Plants that, due to lack of cold hardiness, are not suitable for planting in all parts of Virginia (check you hardiness Zone) I Trees not Recommended for Planting Botanical Name Common Name Potential Problems Acer Saccharium Silver Maple Weak wooded Crataegus Phaenopyrum Washington Hawthorn pestsldiseases Fraxinus Ornus Flowering Ash pestsld iseases Ginko Bilboa (female) Female Ginko 'odor Pyrus Calleryana 'Bradford' Pear Weak wooded Quercus Palustris pestsldiseases Sorbus Species Mountain Ash pestsldiseases *Robina pseudoacacia* *Black Locust* pestsldiseases Ailanthus altissima Tree of Heaven , invasive Albizia julibrissin Durz. Silk Tree "Mimosa" 1 threat to native plant species