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Casey Trees' Urban Tree Selection Guide CASEY TREES URBAN TREE SELECTION GUIDE A Designer’s List of Appropriate Trees for the Urban Mid-Atlantic TABLE OF CONTENTS Casey Trees © 2015 Lead Authors About the Guide . 2 Maisie Hughes - Casey Trees, Director of Planning & Design Emily Oaksford - Casey Trees, Planning Associate Growing Conditions . 2 Mary Blakeslee - Casey Trees, Research Associate Reviewers Physical Characteristics . 2 Jessica Sanders, Ph.D. - Casey Trees, Director of Technical Services and Research Jim Woodworth - Casey Trees, Director of Tree Planting Large Trees . 3 Sue Erhardt - Casey Trees, Director of Education Jim Sherald, Ph.D. - Casey Trees, Board of Directors Medium Trees . 5 Special Thanks Small Trees . 6 Douglas Tallamy, Ph.D. - University of Delaware, Professor & Department Chair of the Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology Suitable Landscape Locations . 8 Denny Townsend, Ph.D. - USDA Agricultural Research Service (retired), Plant Geneticist Habitat Indicators . 8 Guide available at caseytrees.org References + Index . 9 2CASEY TREES: URBAN TREE SELECTION GUIDE 1 About This Guide Zone 5a 5b 7a This Urban Tree Selection Guide provides key information for selecting Zone 5b trees suitable for landscapes in the urban Mid-Atlantic. This region includes New York City 7b Maryland, Delaware, Pennsylvania, Virginia and the parts of New Jersey, ColumnarOuercus robur `Fastigiata'Cylindrical, Englishvertical Oak axis Trenton New York and North Carolina that drain into related waterways of the central greatly exceeding horizontal COLUMNAR Suggested for narrow sites. Zone 6a region. Shade produced can be Harrisburg limited due to lack of wide crown. Philadelphia Zone 6b Top 3 for the DC Region Pittsburgh Ouercus robur `Fastigiata' English Oak 6b In this guide, trees are first grouped by size at maturity (Large, Medium Juniperus virginiana Eastern Redcedar X Cupressocyparis leylandii Leyland Cypress and Small) and then alphabetically by scientific name. Each row provides information about the tree, including its growing conditions, physical Dover characteristics, habitat indicators and recommended landscape locations. Baltimore Washington, DC 7a Round Oak The guide also notes if the tree is native or evergreen. According to the Rounded circular form, 7b vertical and horizontal ROUND 5a United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Natural Resources axis aboutXX equal 6b Top 3 for the DC Region Conservation Service, only plants found in the United States before Ohio XX 5b European settlement are considered to be native. Trees are considered evergreen if they keep their needles or leaves for more than one growing Richmond season. Zone 7a Zone 7b OvalPlatanus occidentalis Elliptic toSycamore egg-shaped, broadest at base, vertical OVAL axis exceedingPreferred for street horizontaltree. by 2 Requiresto 1 ratiominimal pruning. Growing Conditions Produces generous shade. Top 3 for the DC Region Zone 8a Liriodendron tulipifera Tulip Poplar (mature) Franxinus pennsylvanica Green Ash (mature) Hardiness Zones. The USDA’s Hardiness Zone Map divides the U.S. into 11 Crataegus phaenopyrum Washington Hawthorn zones based on average minimal winter temperature. A plant’s Hardiness USDA Hardiness Zones of the Mid-Atlantic Region This region includes Zones 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b and 8a. The coldest area Zone refers to a plant’s ability to thrive in the corresponding map location. in the region, Zone 5a, has average annual extreme minimum temperatures from -20°F to -15°F. The warmest area, Zone 8a, has an average minimum Heat Zones. The American Horticultural Society defines 12 regions in the temperature range of 10°F to 15°F. continental U.S. by the average number of “heat days” (temperatures over VaseUlmus Americana 86°F) each zone will experience per year. EllipticAmerican to egg-shaped, Elm broadest at crown apex, VASE verticalPreferred axis for street exceeding tree. The Mid-Atlantic region includes areas in Heat Zones 4, 5, 6 and 7. Zone 4, the Northernmost Requires minimal pruning. horizontal by 2 to 1 ratio areas of the region, experiences 14-30 days over 86°F. The Southernmost areas of the region Produces generous shade. Physical Characteristics Top 2 for the DC Region Ulmus Americana American Elm (Zone 7) experience 60-90 days over 86°F. Zelkova serrata Japanese Zelkova Height. The approximate mature tree height from Soil Conditions. A tree’s preferred soil moisture level, drainage and pH level. the ground to the top of the crown under normal Light Conditions. The amount of sun and/or shade required for a tree to landscape situations (Large: 50 feet and greater, grow and thrive (Full Sun: direct sunlight for at least 6 hours a day during Medium: 35 to 50 feet, Small: 35 feet and under). the growing season, Partial Shade: approximately 3-6 hours of direct PyramidalTilia cordata ApproachingLittleleaf Lindentriangular in Spread. A tree’s crown diameter. In plan view, it is outline, broadest at base Hackberry, Celtis occidentalis sunlight, Shade: less than 3 hours of sunlight). PYRAMIDAL Generally requires pruning the horizontal distance from one edge of the crown on lower branches. The Hackberry canis a rapidlybe found growing throughout tree native the upper to North half ofAmerica. the eastern It can United be found States, throughout the Great the Plains, upper Drought Tolerant. Trees that can generally survive several weeks between Top 3 for the DC Region (dripline) to the other. Tilia cordata Littleleaf Linden andhalf southernof the Eastern Canada. United It is States, a relative the of Great the elm Plains tree, and and Southern due to its Canada. rapid growth, The Hackberry’s it often makes bark a is good Pseudotsuga menziesii Douglasfir deep waterings (after a three-year establishment period). Taxodium distichum Baldcypress streetsmooth tree. during Although youth. theAs itHackberry’s matures, the bark bark is developssmooth during wart-like youth, marks it develops which later wart-like turn into marks rough, which corky, Crown Form. The shape of a tree at maturity based on laterirregular develop ridges. into The rough female corky, tree irregular produces ridges an abundancethrough maturity. of drupes, or berry-like fruits. These fruits Air Pollution Tolerant. Trees generally not harmed by airborne pollutants. the outline of the crown as perceived in silhouette. ripen to deep purple and attract a variety of wildlife. The Hackberry is a lesser known tree, but a top performer that is also highly versatile in many urban Six basic crown forms plus an irregular form are Salt Tolerant. Trees generally not harmed by road and sidewalk deicers. landscapeThe Hackberry conditions. can endure The tree tough is resistanturban conditions, to Dutch withstandElm Disease, heavy can winds adapt and to itsadapt soil totypes various and soil SpreadingNyssa sylvatica used in this document with two additional qualifiers: withstandtypes. It makes heavy a winds good andstreet tough tree urbanand can conditions. be used in bioretention or park landscapes. Mature treeBlack crown Gum with a branch spread width of ROUND - SPREADING variable and multi-stemmed. 35’ or greaterProduces ample shade. Generally requires pruning on lower branches. Top 3 for the DC Region Nyssa sylvatica Black Gum 222CASEY TREES: URBANURBAN TREETREE SELECTIONSELECTION GUIDEGUIDE Acer rubrum Red Maple 22 Quercus phellos Willow Oak LARGE TREEs (50’ AND OVER) Habitat Physical Characteristics Growing Conditions Indicators Suitable Landscape Locations Legend Scientific Name Common Name Native Evergreen Height Spread Crown Form Hardiness Zones Heat Zones Light Conditions Soil Conditions Drought Tolerant Air Pollution Tolerant Salt Tolerant / Nut Fruit Producing Number of Caterpillar Species Streets Plazas Paved Parking Islands / Lawns Parks Buffers / Screening Bioretention Carya ovata Shagbark Hickory 60 - 80’ 35 - 50’ 4 to 8 8 to 1 Adaptable 235 APPLICABLE N/A INFORMATION Deep, moist, well- 40 - 60’ 20 - 40’ 4 to 8 8 to 1 8 NOT AVAILABLE Catalpa speciosa Northern Catalpa drained Fagus grandifolia American Beech 50 - 70’ 50 - 70’ 4 to 9 9 to 1 Well-drained, acidic 127 Light Conditions FULL SUN Ginkgo biloba Ginkgo 50 - 80’ 30 - 40’ 4 to 8 9 to 3 Adaptable 5 PART SHADE Gleditsia triacanthos Honey Locust 30 - 70’ 30 - 70’ 4 to 9 9 to 1 Adaptable 46 SHADE Gymnocladus dioicus ‘Stately Manor’ Fruitless Kentucky Coffee Tree 50 - 70’ 30 - 50’ 3b to 8 9 to 2 Adaptable 5 Mature Crown Form Deep, moist, slightly 60 - 75’ 60 - 75’ 5 to 9 10 to 1 N/A 35 Liquidambar styraciflua American Sweetgum acidic COLUMNAR Deep, moist, slightly Liquidambar styraciflua ‘Cherokee’ Cherokee Sweetgum 40 - 50’ 25 - 30’ 5 to 9 N/A N/A 35 acidic ROUND Deep, moist, slightly 60 - 75’ 40 - 50’ 6 to 9 N/A N/A 35 Liquidambar styraciflua ‘Rotundiloba’ Low Fruiting Sweetgum acidic OVAL Deep, moist, well- 60 - 90’ 35 - 50’ 4 to 9 9 to 2 N/A N/A 21 VASE Liriodendron tulipifera Tuliptree, Tulip Poplar drained Well-drained, rich, PYRAMIDAL 60 - 80’ 30 - 50’ 7 to 9 11 to 1 N/A 21 Magnolia grandiflora Southern Magnolia porous, acidic SPREADING Moist, well-drained, 70 - 100’ 15 - 25’ 5 to 8 10 to 5 N/A 0 Metasequoia glyptostroboides Dawn Redwood slightly acidic IRREGULAR Pinus strobus Eastern White Pine 50 - 80’ 20 - 40’ 3 to 7 7 to 1 Moist, well-drained 201 M multi-stemmed Deep, moist, well- Platanus occidentalis Sycamore 75 - 100’ 75 - 100’ 4 to 9 5 to 9 45 drained soils * variable Platanus x acerifolia London Planetree 70 - 100’ 65 - 80’ 5 to 8 N/A Adaptable 0 Fruit / Nut Producing Swamp White Oak, Quercus bicolor Moist, well-drained, 50 - 80’ 50 - 80’ 3b to 9 8 to 1 N/A 532 The Swamp White Oak grows naturally in swamps, lowland forests and along streams. It has a shallow root Quercus alba White Oak acidic FRUIT system that does well in both moist and compacted soils. Planting this tree along rivers can help stabilize soils and establish wildlife habitats. The Swamp White Oak is well-suited for bioretention, is a beautiful BERRY specimen tree for parks and lawns, and it can also be used as a large street tree.
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