10400 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE May 8 and in a lot of other things. We must now ness. The Hospital Insurance Act of 1964 of high school 10 years from now and will turn our attez:.tton to our own affairs." now pending before the Ways and Means be a candidate for the job corps for which R .R. 10440, now pending before this com­ Committee is this administration's answer future Congresses wm be called upon to ap­ mittee, is a good beginning. Aptly, it is to the particular needs of this group. propriate money. named the Economic Opportunity Act of The fourth category of people are those I call your attention to an article in the 1964 because this puts the proposition in a whose lot is inextricably linked to a geo­ May 1964, issue of Harper's magazine. It is positive way. We intend a war against graphical area which is economically de­ entitled "Give Slum Children a Chance: A poverty not just in the sense of relief or a pressed. One answer to this group ts the Radical Proposal." This article ts taken welfare program, but in the creation of op­ extension of the Area Redevelopment Act from a book to be published by Random portunity in this country for some 35 mil­ which has been reported by my Committee House called "Crisis in Black and White." lion persons who can afford neither adequate on Banking and Currency and is now pend­ The author is Mr. Charles E. Silberman. food nor ad.equate clothing, nor adequate ing in the Rules Committee. Mr. Silberman is a member of the board of housing. We must also have Federal aid for the de­ editors of Fortune magazine and a lecturer H.R. 10440 is titled "A Bill To Mobilize the velopment of mass transportation facilities in economics at Columbia University. Mr. Human and Financial Resources of the Na­ in urban centers. Silberman points out: tion To Combat Poverty in the United Another answer to a major geographical "The root of the problem, educationally, States." But the bill must not stand alone. area poverty problem is the President's Ap­ is that the slum child does not learn to read The war must be fought on at least five palachian program. properly in the first two grades. Whether fronts if we are to succeed in accomplishing The fifth major category are citizens of because of this reading disability alone, or its road objectives. It will involve a five­ minority groups subjected to discrimination. because of ditll.culty in handling abstract fron war, with legislation pending not only One answer to this group is the Civil Rights concepts that stem from independent causes, before this, but also before other committees Act and particularly title VII thereof passed the slum child falls further and further be­ of the Congress. by the House of Representatives and now hind after the third grade; the gap widens, First let us dispose of one myth, the poor being debated in the other body. and his IQ actually declines. His failure to are not poor because they want to be. Some The common thread running through each read properly affects a lot more than his there may be who find that our free enter­ of the five foregoing categories is that each school work. It has a profound impact on prise system is not sutll.ciently challenging one of them has one or more handicaps -how he regards himself and consequently and who prefer to eke out a bare subsistent which make it more ditll.cult for them to on how he regards school. Poor reading skill existence. However, the overwhelming ma­ participate fully in the free enterprise at the start is the major cause of school drop­ jority are those who, because of various dis­ system. outs and subsequent unemployment." advantages, find the challenge of the free Worst of all, these handicaps tend to be Mr. Silberman says: enterprise system to be excessive. handed on from parents to the children. "Nothing less than a radical reorganiza­ If we look at these groups and their par­ The uneducated father tends to be poor tion of American elementary education 1s ticular disadvantages, we will know how to and live in a slum, bringing up his children necessary, therefore, if the schools are to be­ fight the five-front war against poverty. in a home environment which does not con­ gin to discharge their obligation to teach Some programs are underway or under tribute to the educational process. At the the Negro and white slum youngsters. To consideration for these groups. With this same time and to our shame, the schools in reverse the effects of a starved environment legislation in perspective, let us see how . it ~ such a neighborhood tend to be well below the schools must begin admitting children all fits into the entire picture. average and, thus, the vicious cycle repeats at the age of 3 or 4, instead of at 5 or 6. The I think of five major groups who have un­ itself. nursery school holds the key to the future-­ usual barriers against full participation in The new and exciting thing about this but a very different kind of nursery school our economy. First, the young and under­ legislation is that, with its emphasis on from the one most Americans are familiar educated. Their unemployment rate 1s young people, it recognizes that the greatest with." double that for the population generally. challenge is to break these patterns of I recommend that the members of this We have some programs such as aid to edu­ poverty which occur generation after gen­ committee give careful cons,ideration to Mr. cation and the Vocational Educational Act eration. Silberman's proposals. In fact, I believe that for the young, but something radically new I believe it was this objective that the a highly profitable study could be made of is needed because our entire educational President had in mind when in his poverty the pilot programs upon which Mr. Silber­ system is based on the assumption that it message he said, "the years of high school man bases his proposals. would take place in a middle-class commu­ and college age are the most critical stage of If we can prevent the problem from devel­ nity where a great deal of the process of edu­ a young person's life. If they are not helped oping, we can cut down or eliminate the Job cation is carried on at home. In the case of then, many will be condemned to a life of Corps in the future and know with reason­ a young person whose parents are poor and poverty which they, in turn, will pass on to able assurance that we have broken the pat­ uneducated and who lives in rural or urban their children." That is the real meaning of tern of poverty. slums, the basic assumption 1s false. The the President's recommendation for the It seems to me that the war on poverty Housing and Community Development Act creation of a Job Corps, a work-training program which Mr. Sargent Shriver has put of 1964 will help to eradicate slums and im­ program and work-study program. together for the President and unfolded be­ prove the environment in which our young These proposals are excellent and I cer­ fore Congress, reflects realistic, workable, and people are growing up; but other programs tainly urge the committee to support them. indeed conservative economic principles. directed specifically toward this problem are However, I also urge the committee to The United States has been hailed for our needed. consider, at least on a pilot project basis, a generosity to people in need in all parts of The second group are the middle aged who program of special assistance to primary the world. The Amert-can people have given a.re either untrained or whose skills have schools located in our poorest neighborhoods. generously of their resources as a matter of been shot out from under them either by It is in these schools that Johnny learns or responsibility. This same sense of responsi­ automation or other technical change. The does not learn to read. Because Johnny re­ bility makes a demand upon the national Manpower Retraining and Development Act ceives less reading assistance at home, these conscience that cannot be ignored. is a possible answer to the problems of this schools should be above average, and yet Our response to this problem of poverty group. we all know too well that they are usually amidst plenty must come from the heart. The third group are our older citizens and at the bottom of the educational ladder. It must spring from conviction. It must particularly those whose life savings have The 6-year-old today who is not learning be intelligent. It must be comprehensive. been, or may be, wiped out by disastrous 111- properly how to read will have dropped out America should not settle for less.

are fulfilled. That He is our strength, THE JOURNAL SENATE our purity, and our wisdom, we are grate­ On request by Mr. HUMPHREY, and by ful. We pray Thy wisdom, Thy strength, FRIDAY, MAy 8, 1964 unanimous consent, the reading of the Thy purity of motives, and Thy leader­ Journal of the proceedings of Thursday,

later extended to the county level where was held in ~e village, they prepared ham­ to club members, and the colts raised provide county extension agents worked with the burgers and coffee for sale. the baSls for the 4-H colt project. (This rural people. During the war, the new agents Mothers of the baking club girls were pr~am has been discontinued.) encouraged increased food production. shooed from their kitchens as their daugh­ A CHANGING SOCIETY Here in Kansas in 1914, Otis Hall was ap­ ters practiced baking for a $10 highest record pointed State leader of boys and girls club prize at the county fair. The girls captured Enrollment in Kansas 4-H Clubs reached work as an extension of the rural service first, second, and third places, which earned 32,000 last year. The 4-H program has project at Kansas State College. them a large part of the needed funds. grown in size and scope to meet the needs of The opening gunshots of World War I By 1930, the organizational pattern for a changing society. Projects no longer have placed the founding clubs of the State in the community clubs was set. Project work was to relate directly to rural life as urban clubs midst of the war effort. .Garden and canning still the principal reason for the clubs, but have become numerous. Self-improvement clubs formed with slogans of "Can to can the emphasis was being placed on the member, is as important in project work as learning Kaiser" and "Eat more potatoes-ship the not his project. about farm and home. wheat." The face of Kansas 4-H has changed in 50 The years between 1920 and 1930 have been RAPID EXPANSION years. The shift has been from corn clubs immortalized as the roaring twenties. While Expansion was rapid to all 105 counties. to community clubs, from a few projects to prohibition, short skirts, and tinkling piano On the State level, leaders conference began many. More changes are coming about all music characterized some of society, in the in 1936 with a purpose and program similar the time. Clubs are becoming more popular midwestern wheat State, the 4-H program (considering the 4-H program at that time) among suburban and urban families (some was struggling to its feet. to the present event. work in this area is still in the experimental Model club meetings appeared in 1935 as stage). Work with small groups of boys or COMMUNITY CLUB STARTED a means of improving local club meetings. girls, near the same age, is being done in The year 1922 was a star year. The com­ Two years later spring festivals (4-H Days) some counties. These small groups may be munity club, a federation of various proj­ were held. Competition drew members in formed as satellites of the community club. ect clubs in a community, was formed. Such one-act plays, choruses, and bands. Tom Cahill would no longer travel about a group was advantageous because leader­ World War II dealt 4-H work a heavy on his motorcycle but much more likely drive ship was centralized, leaders could be ob­ blow. Extension agents, leaders, and older a new model oar or make his visits by tele­ tained more easily, and members, leaders, members were drafted. Kansas 4-H mem­ phone. Corn club members competed for and parents maintained a higher interest. bership dropped from 22,500 to 17,000. trips to the agricultural college; today's 4- A club complying with certain objectives The 4-H'ers who stayed home were effec­ H'ers compete for scholarships to attend col­ was known as a standard club. Require­ tive in fighting, though not on the battle­ lege. Dorothy Mayfield's baking project ments included five members in each project front. They collected scrap iron, aluminum, would be just one part of a foods project with a leader, a constitution and officers, six paper, rubber, fat, rags-and expanded food which encompasses many factors in food regular meetings per year, a team giving one production. preparation. demonstration, and a 60-percent project Liberty ship Otis E. Hall was named Kansas has been instrumental in the pro­ completion. when Kansas 4-H'ers sold $2 million worth motion of 4-H nationwide. The writing of Members who excelled were invited to join the 4-H pledge has been credited to the of war bonds to finance the ship's con­ State's first 4-H leader. Kansas has been in the All-State Club. Eligibility was deter­ struction. mined by being named a State champion, the forefront of the development of such Following the war, 4-H turned from de­ features as: junior leadership, model meet­ completing 3 years in the same project, 4 fense-oriented objectives. The family farm years of club work, or winning a State dem­ ings, IFYE, personal development, tractor, was becoming larger and more highly and reading. Each year, outstanding 4-H'ers onstration team contes.t or judging team mechanized. The 4-H program expanded to competition. win many regional and national honors for Around 1920 the Capper clubs were popu­ include new projects and activities. Leader­ their 4-H work. lar in Kansas. Loans were made to mem­ ship and membership were at a high level of One thing has remained unchanged in the bers for purchase of livestock. When 4-H quality. Additional award programs pro­ first half century of the Cooperative Exten­ clubs came in strong, Senator Capper gave vided incentive to project work. sion Service. That is the service rendered his full support to them. KOCK SPRINGS RANCH by Kansas 4-H'ers. No other youth group At Camp Steeleway, in Washington County, In 1945, a 348-acre dairy farm near Junc­ has played as great a part in helping Kansas 71 boys from 4 counties participated in one tion City was purchased. Most of the $22,500 grow. As 4-H'ers applied better rural living of the first camps. The girls camped at cost of Rock Springs Ranch was raised practices, Kansas, as an agricultural State, Turkey Creek in Pratt County that year. through the efforts of Kansas 4-H Club mem­ advanced. By 1925, the Extension Division was fur­ bers. The mortgage was burned in 1946, aiid • The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there nishing a camp manager to assist county the first camps were held that summer. agents in arranging and organizing camps. Temporary facilities included Army tents further morning business? If not, morn­ The camps provided instruction in project for housing and the dining room. ing business is closed. work, the 4-H program, handicraft, nature, The title to the ranch was held by the health, and leader training. Kansas state University Endowment Asso­ Previous to 1923, pig club and baking club ciation until 1955, when it was transferred to CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1963 members had been making trips to Kansas the Kansas 4-H Foundation. The ranch has The PRESIDING OFFICER. The State College for Farm and Home Week pres­ been developed as· a leadership training cen­ Chair lays before the Senate the unfin­ entations in the agriculture and home eco­ ter. Through contributions many major ished business, H.R. 7152. nomics departments. improvements have become a part of the The Senate resumed the consideration FIRST ROUNDUP ranch. of the bill are this occasion only with the Mar_ch and indignity of second-class citizenship, ac­ mentary inquiry. on Washington of August 1963, which tual or implied. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The presented a beautifuI image and re­ We applaud President Lyndon B. John­ son's challenge to southern churchmen to Senator will state it. vealed a magnificent story of America. support the civil rights bill and to encour­ Mr. MILLER. Do I correctly under­ I compare it also with the interreligious age its effective translation into the customs stand that the pending question is the ceremonies that took place on April 28, of comri:mntty life as soon as it is passed. Dirksen-Mansfield substitute amend­ 1964, at McDonough Gymnasium, We applaud the House of Representatives ment? Georgetown University. These three for its passage of this bill without crippling The PRESIDING OFFICER. The moving and exciting demonstrations of amendments. We applaud that large group Senator is correct. dedication to the cause of human rights of Senators who have ta.ken their stand in support of the bill and are striving now to Mr. MILLER. If the Senator from and civil rights legislation will live in see that it becomes law. Iowa were to call up his perfecting my memory, and I believe in the memory Contrary to the argument of some Members amendment to the Talmadge amend­ of this Nation for years to come. of the Senate, there is genuine support for ment, would his amendment take prece­ The press release that came with the the civil rights bill in the communities of dence over the Dirksen-Mansfield sub­ presentation as of yesterday notes that the South. The voice of filibuster has for stitute? there are 435 signers, most of whom are too long been regarded as the most authentic The PRESIDING OFFICER. It southern voice. It is not. The South's most members of A Fellowship of Concern, authentic voice is the voice of conscience and would take precedence over the Dirksen­ including a former moderator of the of faith. For the sake of our Southland Mansfield substitute. General Assembly of the Presbyterian which has been misrepresented, for the sake Mr. MILLER. I thank the Chair. Church of the United States; a president of our beloved country and every citizen Mr. HART. Mr. President, I suggest of a theological seminary; professors of within it, for the sake of the Gospel we be­ the absence of a quorum. universities, colleges, and theological lieve and proclaim, and for the sake of our The PRESIDING OFFICER. The seminaries; pastors of churches; phy­ own integrity, we feel that we must speak. clerk will call the roll. sicians, businessmen, military personnel, We, therefore, urge you to vote for the The legislative clerk proceeded to call civil rights bill. We prophesy that if this b111 and housewives. They represent 15 ls debilitated, deferred, or defeated, the re­ the roll. Southern States and the District of Co­ sulting crisis in the South and in the Nation Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I lumbia. bne hundred and sixty-five of will be tragic. We aftlrm our confidence that ask unanimous consent that the order for the signers are ministers in the Presby­ this blll will have the effect of righting cul­ the quorum call be rescinded. terian Church in the United States. tural and civic wrongs too long extended The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without I also am happy to note that one of and ignored. We hope tnat a new birth of objection, it is so ordered. freedom may become a possib111ty in this the signers as was revealed to us yester­ Nation as we work together to implement day by the clergyman who made this this legislation to the benefit of all our A FELLOWSHIP OF CONCERN presentation, is a nephew of the dis­ people-northern and southern, Negro and tinguished senior Senator from Georgia white. Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, yes­ [Mr. RussELL]. He is a Presbyterian We pledge you our prayers in this cause terday the Senator from California [Mr. minister by the name of William D. Rus­ and our :faithfulness in its fulfillment. KUCHEL] and I were privileged to meet sell, _and is from Decatur, Ga. The following have signed this letter: with a number of clergymen represent­ I make these observations because it George L. Abernethy, professor, David­ ing the Presbyt.erian Church. We re­ is my view, not from any partfoular at­ son, N.C.; James S. Ackerman, profes­ ceived a letter from them signed by more sor, minister, Tuscaloosa, Ala.; Robert B. Al­ titude of the Senator from Minnesota, britton, minister, Charlottesville, Va.; John than 400 of these Presbyterian ministers, but from what I read in letters that K. Alexander, minister, Corpus Christi, educators, and laymen, calling on every come to my office, and hear from citi­ Texas; Joseph S. Allen, librarian, Bethesda, Senator to vote for the civil rights bill. zens who pay us a visit, that all through Md.; Mathews F. Allen, Jr., minister, Rich­ The spokesman, for the group, Dr. this Nation, north, south, east, and mond, Va.; Wallace M. Alston, Jr., minister, John Randolph Taylor, who is chairman west, there are numerous citizens who Wadesboro, N.C.; Frank P. Anderson, min­ of the Presbyterian organization known · are in full support of what we are en­ ister, St. Petersburg, Fla.; Olof Anderson, as A Fellowship of Concern, stated that Jr., minister, Louisville, Ky.; Anne B. Ap­ deavoring to do by the passage of the penzellar, Austin, Tex.; Harold F. Apple, Jr., "the voice of filibuster has for too long civil rights bill. Austin, Tex.; James Appleby, professor, min­ been regarded as the most authentic Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ ister, Richmond, Va. southern voice. It is not. The South's sent to have printed at this point in the Annabel Bailey, Austin, Tex.; Mrs. Radford most authentic voice is the voice of con­ RECORD the letter addressed to the Mem­ B. Bailey, Tarboro, N.C.; Warner M. Balley, science and of faith." bers of the Senate of the United States, student, Austin, Tex.; Ada Glass Balter, Dr. Taylor, in presenting the letter, dated May 7, 1964, together with the Christian educator, Winchester, Va.; Elmer signed by 435 southern Presbyterian min­ names of the signatories, their occupa­ C. Banks, Harrisonburg, Va.; Mrs. S. R. Sloan isters, educators, and laymen, stated that Barclay, housewife, Towson Md.; Jack H. tions, and their addresses. Barker, Clarksville, Tenn.; Vance Barron, the signers "favor the passage of a strong There being no objection, the letter was minister, Chapel H1ll, N.C.; William S. Bason, and effective civil rights bill" and that ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as Austin, Tex.; Wilma F. Batts, Clarksville, "the rights and respansibilities of citi­ follows: Tenn.; H. Hoover Bear, minister, Fayette­ zenship should extend throughout all our WASHINGTON, D.C., ville, N.C.; Mrs. H. Hoover Bear, housewife, States, so that none of our fellow citizens May 7, 1964. Fayetteville, N.C.; James E Bear, professor, needs to bear the shame and indignity To the Members of the Senate of the United minister, Richmond, Va.; Margaret W. Bear, of second-class citizenship, actual or im­ Statea: housewife, Richmond, Va.; Richard Bell, plied." We, the undersigned, are southerners. Be­ minister, Harrisonburg, Va.; Perry H. Biddle, fore that we are Americans, and beyond all Jr., minister, Memphis, Tenn.; Henry Emer­ The letter prophesies that "if this bill else we are members and ministers of the son Biggs, Front Royal, Va.; Irving E. Birds­ is debilitated, def erred, or defeated, the church of Jesus Christ. eye, minister, Greensboro, N.C.; Dallas A. resulting crisis in the South and in the We want to express our deep interest and Blanchard, Fort Deposit, Ala.; Hubert L. Nation will be tragic." committed concern for the dignity of every Black, minister, Baltimore, Md.; Patricia The statement applauded "President person, whatever his race, color, or class. Bohen, Richmond, :Va.; William Jerry Boney, Johnson's challenge to southern church­ We testi!y to our own participation and in­ minister, Richmond, Va.; Charles E. Book, volvement in the struggle of our Negro minister, Metairie, La.; Bruce M. Borthwick, men to suppart the civil rights bill and brothers to aftlrm their humanity. We stand student, Washington, D.C.; Doris Esch Borth­ to encourage its effective translation into with them in their quest for freedom, justice, wick, historian, Washington, D.C.; Lawrence the customs of community life as soon as and the inalienable rights with which they W. Bottoms, minister, Atlanta, Ga.; s. Don it is passed." - have been endowed by their Creator. Boulcke, Austin, Tex.; James E. Bowden, De­ Mr. President., I must say that of all To this end, we want you to know that we catur, Ga.; M. N. Boyd, Alice, Tex.; Elizabeth the presentations that have been made favor t:tie passage of a strong and effective R. Branch, Spencer, W. Va.; W. W. Branch, to the senior Senator from Minnesota in civil rights blll. We are concerned that the Jr., Spencer, W. Va.; Bob Breman, Austin, writ of national law should obey the writ of Tex.; B. Blake Breitenhirt, Jr., minister, respect to the civil rights measure, none God's law. We believe that the rights and Homestead, Fla.; Henry M. Brimm, librarian, was more moving and meaningfuI than responsib111t1es of citizenship should extend Richmond, Va.; Glenda Briscoe, Christian the presentation of the letter to which throughout all our States, so that none of educator, East Point, Ga.; Aubrey N. Brown, I have referred in these remarks. I com- our feHow citizens needs to bea.r the sh~ Jr., editor, minJbter, Richmond, Va.; Everett 1964 CONGRESSIONAL . RECORD - SENATE 10417

K. Brown, minister, Goldsboro, N.C.; Mal­ Edna K. Guild, housewife, farm manager ~ McClure, III, minister, Newport News, Va.; colm Brownlee, Jr., student, Richmond, Va.; Gallatin, Tenn. Louise W. McComb, Memphis, Tenn.; W. H. Leslie Bullock, professor, minister, Laurin­ Clifford C. Hall, electronics design engineer, McCord, merchant, Nashville, Tenn.; Scott burg, N.C.; Robert H. Bullock: minister, San Washington, D.C.; T. Hartley Hall IV, minis­ Mc0ormick, Jr., minister, Radford, Va.; James Antonio, Tex.; David H. Burr, minister, Win­ ter, Lenoir, N.C.; Walter F. Hall, minister, P. Mccrary, minister, Oklahoma City, Okla.; ston-Salem, N.C. Clearwater, Fla.; Hugh F. Halverstadt, min­ Marion w: McCurdy, physician, San Antonio, Frank H. Caldwell, seminary president, ister, Union Springs, Ala.; R. B. Hardie, Jr., Tex.; Mrs. Marion W. Mccurdy, housewife, minister, Louisville, Ky.; Malcolm P. Cal­ minister, Little Rock, Ark.; Kathryn Harris, San Antonio, Tex.; Douglas McEldowney, houn, minister, Richmond, Va.; Milton Stover Clarksv11le, Tenn.; Mrs. Warren T. Harris, Bluemont, Va.; Frances S. McEldowney, Blue­ Carothers, minister, Covington, Va.; Alice N. Henderson, Ky.; Charles W. Harwell, minister, mont, Va.; Walter H. McEldowney, Bluemont, Carter, teacher, Harrisonburg, Va.; Hugh B. Baton Rouge, La.; Mrs. W. T. Hassell, house­ Va.; Mary Jean McFadgen, Richmond, Va.; Carter, Jr., minister, Alexandria, Va.; George wife, Staunton, Va.; Sam B. Hay, college D. P. McGeachy, III, minister, Gainesville, Chapman, Olarksvme, Tenn.; Douglas~ C. president, minister, Tuscaloosa, Ala.; Nancy Ga.; Rodney McGinnis, Austin, Tex.; John Chase, minister, Lexington, Va.; George A. Lee Head, secretary, Washington, D.C.; Jack S. McMullen, minister, Columbia, Mo.; Ar­ Chauncey, minister, Danv1lle, Ky.; Roberta W. Heintzleman, minister, Mebane, N.C.; thur T. McNeill, Arlington, Va.; R. J. McRos­ Clay, teacher; Conway, Ark.; Thomas R. Rachel Henderlite, Christian educator, Rich­ tie, commander, U.S. Navy, U.S.S. Cambria; Cleveland, missionary to Republic of Congo, mond, Va.; T. Chalmers Henderson, minister, John H. McVay, minister, Pageland, S.C.; Washington, D.C.; Mrs. Thomas R. Clevelan~ Arkadelphia, Ark.; John R. Hendrick, minis­ Elizabeth McWhorter, Christian educator, missionary to Republic of Congo, Washing­ ter, San Antonio, Tex.; Amanda L. Hess, Richmond, Va.; Charles R. MacDonald, min­ tion, D.C.; Mrs. Henry C. · Collins, Mont­ guidance counselor, Washington, D.C.; James ister, Hopewell, Va.; John R. MacKinnon, gomery, Ala.; Robert R. Collins, minister, C. Hicks, Jr., student, Gainesville, Fla.; F. minister, Corpus Christi, Tex.; J. Pendleton Mexico, Mo.; Mrs. Morgan Cone, Memphis, Wellford Hobbie, minister, Staunton, Va.; Maddex, 'Jr., Chapel H111, N.C.; Mrs. Janet Tenn.; George M. Conn, Jr., minister, John­ Mrs. Joan E. Hodgkins, Austin, Tex .. ; David Majors, Harrisonburg, Va.; W. F. Mansell, son Oity, Tenn.; Elaine E. Cook, housewife, R. Holt, minister, Waynesboro, Va.; Stephen Jr., student, Austin, Tex.; Sandy C. Marks, Stuttgart, Ark.; Thomas C., Cook, Jr., min­ G. Honaker, Winston-Salem, N.C.; Samuel former dental missionary to Republic of Con­ ister, Stuttgart, Arkt; W. Norman Cook, min­ R. Hope, minister, High Point, N.C.; Samuel go, Silver Spring, Md.; Charlotte 0. Marshall, ister, Richmond, Va.; George M. Cooley, min­ L. Horst, professor, Harrisonburg, Va.; George Clarksville, Tenn.; Laura S. Massie, Lexing­ ister, Nashville, Tenn.; P. G. Cosby, Ill, min­ F. Houck, minister, Winston-Salem, N.C.; ton, Ky.; James L. Mays, professor, minister, ister, Lynchburg, Va.; Mrs. P. G. Cosby, Ill, Samuel M; Houck, minister, Miami, Fla.; Richmond, Va.; Robert C. Mera, Beaumont, housewife, Lynchburg, Va.; Roy R. Craig, Jr., Billy s. Howell, Jr., minister, Olivia, N.C.; Tex.; E. Thomas Miller, Chapel Hill, N.C.; Austin, Tex.; Mary Louise Crane, Christian Martha W. Hudson, Clarksville, Tenn.; Rob­ Harold Miller, professor, Harrisonburg, Va.; educator, Richmond, Va.; John W. Craven, ert L. Hueston, certified public accountant, Lola Miller, Christian educator, Richmond, minister, Lynchburg, Va.; Charlotte A. Cr~w­ Harrisonburg, Va.; Wade P. Huie, Jr., pro­ Va.; Patrick D. M11ler, Jr., minister, Travel­ ley, social service worker, Harrisonburg, Va.; fessor, mln.ister, Decatur, Ga.; Mrs. Joseph L. ers Rest, S.C.; Mrs. Patrick D. Miller, Jr., Cecil G. Culverhouse, minister, Fulton, Mo.; Hunter, Asheville, N.C. housewife, Travelers Rest, S.C.; Robert D. Ruby Ethel Cundiff, retired professor, Har­ Nanine Iddings, retired teacher, Asheville, Miller, minister, Tuskegee, Ala.; Harold w. risonburg, Va.; Stuart D. Currie, Austin, N.C.; John M. Irvine, Jr., minister, Winches­ Mitchell, laborer, Harrisonburg, Va.; Henry Tex.; Elinor Curry, Christian educator, Rich­ ter, Va.; Ella D. Jenktns, housewife, Harrison­ Pope Mobley, minister, Louisville, Ky.; Jean mond, Va.; Tom A. cutting, Jr., minister, burg, Va.; Gwen S. Johnson, Austin, Tex.; Moling, Christian educator, Richmond, Va.; Matthews, N.C. W. Walter Johnson, professor, minister, Aus­ Mrs. John White Moore, housewife, Moores­ John B. Danhof, student, Austin, Tex.; tin, Tex.; Mrs. W. Walter Johnson, house­ ville, N.C.; Mrs. Mable C. Morley, Decatur, Brandon M. Daniel, Greenville, N.C.; Lee G. wife, Austin, Tex.; Camille Jones, artist, Ga.; Mrs. Milton Morrison, Houston, Tex.; Davy, Kingport, Tenn.; David E. Denton, doc­ ,Richmond, Va.; Adeline C. Junkin, housewife, P. E. Moyers, business executive, Harrison­ tor, Clarksville, Tenn.; Ludwig R. Dewitz, Springfield, Va. burg, Va.; David E. Mullen, minister, Ahoskie, professor, minister, Decatur, Ga.; Daniel D. Mrs. Edward Katz, librarian-clerk, Wil­ N.C.; A. T. Murphy, Jr., minister, Auburn, Dickenson, Jr., minister, Berryville, Va. liamsburg, Va.; J. Robert Keever, Jr., minis­ Ala.; J. J. Murray, minister, Lexington, Va.; Margaret B. Dickenson, housewife, Berryville, ter, Tuscaloosa, Ala.; Alan Keith-Lucas, pro­ James N. Murray, minister, Higginsv1lle, Mo. Va.; Albert E. Dimmock, minister, Raleigh, fessor, Chapel H111, N.C.; Balmer H. Kelly, Szabi S. Nagy, Amarillo, Tex.: Ann G. Nash, N.C.; Betty Brooke Dobbins, Henderson, Ky.; professor, minister, Richmond, Va.; William housewife, Martinsburg, W. Va.; David Wil­ Warner DuBose, Jr., minister, Norfolk, Va.; Bean Kennedy, professor, minister, Rich­ liam Nash, minister, Martinsburg, W. Va.; Paul B. Dyck, teacher, Blacksburg, Va.; mond, Va.; Hardin W. King, minister, Hunt­ Margaret P. Neel, Huntington, W. Va.; Eliz­ Dorothy L. Dysard, editorial work, Richmond, ington, W. Va.; Gail King, Henderson, Ky.; abeth Nelson, nurse, Victoria, Va.; H. C. Nel­ Va. Leo King, Jr., Henderson, Ky.; Victor King, son, Jr., engineer, Victoria, Va.; Helen W. David C. Eaton, Austin, Tex.; Glenn S. businessman, Sanford, N.C.; Charles E. Kip, Neville, housewife, Petersburg, W. Va.; Edgerton, Jr., student, Richmond, Va.; David Chapel H111, N.C.; Albert J. Kissling, minister, Lamar F. Neville, minister, Petersburg, W. E111ott, Clarksv111e, Tenn.; John E. Ensign, Jacksonville, Fla.; E. G. Kloppe, Austin, Tex.; Va.; Leone Ingman Newkirk, Bluff City, minister, Mechanicsvme, Va.; John B. Evans, W111iam N. Knox, Nashv1lle, Tenn.; Mrs. Tenn.; Meigs A. Newkirk, minister, Bluff City, minister, Auburn, Ala.; Jack W. Ewart, min­ William N. Knox, Nashville, Tenn.; Gustav Tenn.; Richard L. Newkirk, minister, Han­ ister, Dunedin, Fla.; Lucille W. Ewell, house­ Kopkin, Jr., Aus-tin, Tex.; John H. Krall, pro­ cock, Md.; Elizabeth P. Newton, housewife, wife, Harrisonburg, Va. fessor, Harrisonburg, Va. Clarksville, Tenn.; William E. Newton, min­ James Curtis Fahl, minister, Rockv11le, Mary Frances Lacey, Memphis, Tenn.: ister, Clarksvllle, Tenn.; Keith F. Nickle, ~d.; Archie B. Faires, minister, Monroe, La.; Hecht S; Lackey, Henderson, Ky.; Rebecca minister, Port Arthur, Tex.; Helen Noyes, Mrs. Archie B. Faires, housewife, Monroe, La.; Lackey, Henderson, Ky.; L. H. Lancaster, Jr., Nashville, Tenn. Martha P. Farmer, housewife, Greenv1lle, Ala.; missionary to Japan, minister, Richmond, George M. Ogilvie, minister, Elkins, W. Va.; Thomas H. Farmer, minister, Greenville, Ala.; Va.; Virginia Barksdale Lancaster, mission­ Douglas W. Oldenburg, minister, Lynchburg, Louise H. Farrior, editor, Richmond, Va.; ary to Japan, Richmond, Va.; Joseph C. Va.; Kenneth B. Orr, minister Roanoke, Va.; Franklin Finsthwait, Alexandria, Va.; Marian Landwehr, St. Louis, Mo.; Flora L. Landwehr, Julian S. Orrell, minister, Berryville, Va.; Fisk, Christian educator, Richmond, Va.; St. Louis, Mo.; George Lang, minister, Tus­ Mrs. Lillian M. Oser, secretary, Washington, George H. Fitzgerald, minister, Roanoke, Va.; caloosa, Ala.; John A. Lapp, professor, Har­ D.C.; Betty Overstreet, ..t\ustin, Tex.; Mildred Robert E. Ford, Miami, Fla.; Kenneth J. risonburg, Va.; Harry G. Lefry, professor, Har­ Owen, Richmond, Va. Foreman, professor, minister, Richmond, Va.; risonburg, Va.; Janice Faye Leftwich, Clarks­ John S. Pancake, professor, University of Lee J. Freeman, Austin, Tex.; John A. Fulton, ville, Tenn.; Mary Lewis, Gainesville, Fla.; Alabama; Mrs. John S. Pancake, housewife, Judge, Louisville, Ky.; Frances Furlow, editor, Susan L. Lewman, secretary, Richmond, Va.; University of Alabama; Charles E. Parrish, Atlanta, Ga. James G. Leyburn, professor, Lexington, Va.; minister, Rock Hill, S.C.; Willie Mae Patton, James H. Galley, Jr., professor, minister, Philip N. Libby, Jr., minister, Chatham, Va.; Charlotte, N.C.; James A. Payne, Jr., minister, Decatur, Ga.; Cleona H. Gaither, Coles Point, Gerhard D. Ling, Austin, Tex.; Sara Little, Charlottesv11le, Va.; Sall1e Willson Peake, Va.; Beryl N. Gallaway, housewife, Mont­ professor, Richpiond, Va.; Thomas W. Loegh, housewife, Richmond, Va.; J. G. Peck, minis­ gomery, Ala.; E. N. Gallaway, Major, U.S. Air professor Harrisonburg, Va.; Mrs. Laura ter, Enterprise, Ala.; Frederick James ,Pel­ Force, Montgomery, Ala.; Connolly Gamble, Logan, missionary teacher, Nashville, Tenn.; lenn, Jr., Gainesvllle, Fla.; Roland P. Perdue, Jr., professor, minister, Richmond, Va.; Eliza­ Ellen Logan, Nashville, Tenn.; William M. III, minister, Athens, Ga.; Francia M. Perrin, beth Gaston, housewife, Richmond, Va.; Logan, Austin, Tex.; Elizabeth R. Lollar, minister, Huntsvme, Ala.; Kenneth G. board of women's work, Atlanta, Ga.; Betsy James D. Gault, school administrator, Char­ Phifer, professor, Louisville Ky.; Mrs. J. D. lotte, N.C.; Ruth R. Gaul.t, housewife, Char­ Low, student, Richmond, Va.; Frank H. Low­ Phillips, Sr., L~mrinburg, N.C.; Frances F. lotte, N.C.; H. Leslie Giles, Harrisonburg, Va.; ney, journalist, Washington, D.C.; Marvin G. Katherine A. Gingrich, Campus Christian Lutz, minister, Richmond, Va.; Olof Halvard Phillips, housewife, Chapel Hill, N.C.; Robert Life worker, Austin, Tex.; Eleanor Godfrey, Lyon, minister, Montgomery, W. Va. D. Phillips, psychiatrist, Chapel Iri.11, N.C.; Christian educator, Columbia, Mo.; William Jam.es . L. McAllister, Jr., professor, min­ William E. Phipps, professor, Elkins, W. Va.; R. Gooq.man, Jr., minister, McDowell, Va.; ister, Staunton, Va.; Jam.es L. McCall, minis­ Martha Ann S. Phipps, housewife, Elkins, John B. Graham, physician, Chapel Hill, ter, Comanche, Tex.; Mrs. James L. McCall, W. Va.; J. Ronald Pierce, Victoria, Va.; Rob­ N.C.; Edgar M. Grider, minister, Atlanta, Ga.; h_ousewife, Comanche, Tex.; Neely Mccarter, ert C. Pooley, Jr., minister, Rome, Ga.; Fred Eugene M. Grier, minister, Brownwood, Tex.; professor, minister, Decatur, Ga.; Hugh W. W. Poos, entomologist, Arlington, ~~.~ 10418 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE May 8

Charles Pratt, minister, Ft. Thomas, Ky.; Harold E. Wallof, Jr., minister, Staunton, Breakdowns of signers according to States-- Harold S. Pryor, Clarksville, Tenn. Va.; Edith J. Walsh, Bd. of Women Work, Continued Roland W. Rainwater, minister, Columbia, Atlanta., Ga.; Taft 0. Wardy, Harrisonburg, KentuckY------19 Tenn.; Will1am M. Ramsay, minister, Rich­ Va.; John M. Watkins, minister, Lexington, Louisiana______4 mond, Va.; Mrs. Wllliam M. Ramsey, house­ Va.; Patricia B. Watson, Berryv1lle, Va.; Rus­ Maryland------11 wife, Richmond, Va.; Harmon B. Ramsey, sell D. Weatherman, Clarksville, Tenn.; Missouri ______------8 minister, Richmond, Va.; Florence Clark Laurence K. Wells, Townsville, N.C.; James North Carolina______65 Rayna!, housewife, Sanford, N.C.; H. Middle­ A. Wharton, Austin, Tex.; Clarence p. Oklahoma ______·------1 ton Raynal, minister, Sanford, N.C.; Riddick Wheeler, Coles Point, Va.; Judith N. c. South Carolina______10 Revelle, insurance salesman, Fayetteville, Wheeler, Coles Point, Va.; Samuel s. Wiley, Tennessee______44 minister, Tarboro, N.C.; D. D. Wilkinson, N.C.; Elon W. Rhodes, barber, Harrisonburg, Texas------50 Va.; Betsy Rice, Christian educator, Rich­ minister, Gadsden, Ala.; All1son F. Williams, Virginia------·------142 mond, Va.; J. Sherrard Rice, minister, Colum­ minister, Atlanta, Ga.; John F. Williams, West Virginia______14 bia, 8.C.; Bruce L. Robertson, minister, Jack­ Austin, Tex.; Kay Williamson, Clarksville, U.S.S. Cambria______1 0. Tenn.; John C. Wilson, minister, Radford, sonville, Fla.; Clyde Robinson, Jr., min­ Korea------1 ister, Raleigh, N.C.; Isabel Rogers, professor, Va.; John K. Wilson, physician, Greensboro, Richmond, Va.; Holmes Rolston, editor, min­ N.C.; Nancy D. Wilson, housewife, Greens­ Total, of which 165 are ministers ister, Richmond, Va.; Paul L. Romig, veteri­ boro, N.C.; William L. Wilson, minister, and the remainder laymen ____ 435 narian, Laurel, Md.; Elizabeth W. Rose, Richmond, Va.; Albert C. Winn, professor, housewife, Rocky Mount, N.C.; Richard F. minister, Louisville, Ky.; E. D. Witherspoon, Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, I Rouquie, minister, Montgomery, Ala.; Wil­ minister, Belmont, N.C.; James T. Womack, ask unanimous consent that a descrip­ liam D. Russell, minister, Decatur,'Ga.; Ann Jr., minister, Columbia, S.C.; Frank L. tion of the organization known as A Fel­ M. Rutherford, student, Charlottesville, Va.; Wright, Austin, Tex.; Rachael Wylie, Chris­ lowship of Concern be printed at this Florence I. Ryan, social worker, Asheville, tian educator, Rock Hill, S.C. point in the RECORD. N.C. H. Davis Yeuell, minister, Richmond, Va.; Anne-Marie Salgat, Austin, Tex.; Mrs. Sar­ Allen Yoder, Harrisonburg, Va.; James Wil­ There being no objection, the descrip­ ah Sampson, Harrisonburg, Va.; Mrs. Marvin liam Young, Jr., minister, Louisville, Ky. · tion was ordered to be printed in the Sautter, Austin, Tex.; Janet Kelly Savage, Louis Zbinden, Jr., minister, Fort Defiance, RECORD, as follows: Hague, Va.; Joe W. Savage, Coles Point, Va.; Va.; Charles E. Zunkel, minister, Harrison­ A FELLOWSHIP OF CONCERN burg, Va. Betty J. Schaufele, Christian educator, Rich­ We covenant together to form a fellowship mond, Va.; Ruth Douglas See, Christian edu­ Kenneth J. Foreman, ·Jr., missionary to Korea, minister, Korea; Mrs. Frank Y. Fried­ of concern, made up of churchmen who share cator, Richmond, Va.; William R. Bengel, a desire to see the Presbyterian Church in minister, Alexandria, Va.; Lester c. Shank, man, Jr., Nashville, Tenn.; W. D. Gray, min­ ister, Nashv111e, Tenn.; Charles 0. Handley, the United States more relevantly related in Harrisonburg, Va.; W. W. Shaver III, real program and service to the critical issues of estate, Wynne, Ark.; Albert E. Simmons, min­ Jr., zoologist, Falls Church, Va.; Iracy Hand­ ley, housewife, Falls Church, Va.; Marie the 20th century. ister, Atlanta, Ga.; Harry E. Smith, minister, Our purpose is: Chapel Hill, N.C.; Wllliam Kyle Smith, pro­ Hartman, manager analyst, Washington, D.C.; Sam B. Hay, Jr., farmer, Covington, Ga.; To interpret the reformed doctrine of the fessor, minister, Annapolis, Md.; W111iam S. sovereignty of God and the Lordship of Smith, minister, Lubbock, Tex.; James H. George S. Heyer, minister, Austin, Tex.; Mar­ tha Ann Hibbitts, Nashv111e, Tenn.; Sara Christ in its authentic and historic applica­ Smylie, professor, minister, Richmond Va.; tion to all of life. Mary F. Smythe, retired missionary, Charles­ Chambers Hibbitts, Nashv11le, Tenn.; Dean G . McKee, professor, minister, Decatur, To seek for our church a more vital role in ton, S.C.; James 0. Speed, Jr., minister, Rich­ the struggle for social justice and the search mond, Va.; John B. Spragens, seminary dean, Ga.; Perre Coleman MacFarland, Nashv11le, Tenn.; Katherine W. Marks, former mission­ for Christian unity. minister, Austin, Tex.; Eduard N. Spring, To take appropriate action in our own par­ Decatur, Ga.; Dorothea B. Staples, housewife, ary to Republic of Congro, Silver Spring Md. ' ticular churches and beyond to bear Chris­ Richmond, Va.; Ernest W. Staples, Jr., credit tian witness in the face of contemporary manager, Richmond, Va.; Mamie B. Steinek, Robert H. Miller, scientist, Riverdale, Md.; John P. Minter, minister, Sherman, Tex.; issues. housewife, Charlotte, N.C.; Charles V. Ste­ To help the church to assert moral leader­ phenson, physicist, professor, Nashville, Kay Procter, Board of World Missions, Nash­ ville, Tenn.; Buie Seawell, minister, Childers­ ship in the changing patterns of racial and Tenn.; Jack L. Stevenson, minister, Hamp­ cultural revolution. ton, Va.; Paul D. Stewart, Huntington, W. Va.; burg, Ala.; Ste~art L. Sharpless, astronomer, Washington, D.C.; Betty Jo Taylor, Board To support those who have been put under Elizabeth H. Stokes, Clarksville, Tenn.; extreme pressure because of their faithfulness Joseph T. Stukes, professor, Greenwood, S.C.; of World Missions, Nashville, Tenn.; Joseph R. Woody, former missionary to Brazil, min­ to the church's social witness. Joe T. Sudduth, minister, Louisville, Ky.; To support and strengthen as much as A. F. Swearingen, minister, Corpus Christi, ister, Nashville, Tenn.; Maudine W. Woody, former missionary to Brazil, Nashv111e, Tenn. possible the courts of the church, their in­ Tex.; Charles S. Sydnor, Jr., minister, stitutions and agencies and those in places Hazard, Ky. I attest to the fact that all of these indi­ viduals have signed the original letter,· and of delegated responsibility who are giving Arline J. Taylor, housewife, Washington, guidance along the lines set forth in this D.C.; Betsy D. Taylor, Greensboro, N.C.; Char­ I have the signatures in my possession. Yours sincerely, covenant. lotte W. Taylor, Harrisonburg, Va.; Edouard Membership shall be open to members of H. Taylor, minister, Harrisonburg, Va.; John JOHN RANDOLPH TAYLOR, Chairman, A Fellowship of Concern, an the Presbyterian Church in the United States R. Taylor, Greensboro, N.C.; John Randolph and shall include both laymen and min­ Taylor, minister, Washington, D.C.; Ray D. D_rganization of Southern Presbyte­ rians. isters. Teroy, minister, El Dorado, Ark.; Helen S. Membership shall be established by volun­ Thomas, housewife, Baltimore, Md.; Mrs. Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, this tary expression of concern and w1llingness to Peggy Thomas, Harrisonburg, Va.; Phillip C. document is attested to in the following cooperate with the fellowship in implement­ Thomas, Clarksville, Tenn.; Ernest Trice words: ing it. Expression may be made: Thompson, professor, minister, Richmond, By signed statement of interest and com­ Va.; Ernest T. Thompson, Jr., minister, Char­ I attest to the fact that all of these in­ mitment; and lotte, N.C.; Mrs. Ernest T. Thompson, Jr., dividuals have signed the original letter, By payment of $25 to be used to relieve housewife, Charlotte, N.C.; Madge Thomp­ and I have the signatures in my possession. economic problems of persons under pres­ ~on, Richmond, Va.; James S. Tippins, min­ Yours sincerely, sure because of their social witness. The ister, Chapel Hill, N.C.; William Newton JOHN RANDOLPH TAYLOR, only other use of these funds shall be to Todd, minister, Lynchburg, Va.; Miss Jean Chairman, A Fellowship of Concern, an meet essential administrative expenses. Toliver, Harrisonburg, Va.; Elizabeth T. Tro­ e>_rganization of Southern Presbyte- lan, Roanoke, Va.; W. A. Trolan, Jr., Roanoke, rians. · Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President I Va.; Grayson L. Tucker, Jr., minister, Louis­ would note for this part of the REc~RD ville, Ky. Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ sent that there be printed at this point that the clergymen making this presen­ Rafael E. Ubico, mechanical engineer, Alex­ tation yesterday termed the document andria, Va.; Ralph L. Underwood, minister, in the RECORD a breakdown of the signers Williamson, W. Va. according to States. "The New Southern Manifesto." I us~ David L. Vaughan, librarian, Lexington, There being no objection, the list was their words. It is a most descriptive N.C.; Mrs. David L. Vaughan, housewife, ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as analysis. Lexington, N.C.; E. Douglas Vaughan, Jr., minister, Donalds, S.C. follows: George L. Walker, Jr., Richmond, Va.; Breakdown of signers according to States ARCHAIC ELECTION MACHINERY Helen S. Walker, 'Richmond, Va.; Ellen B. IN DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Wallace, Nashvllle, Tenn.; Naomi Walfin, !!.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~===::::::::::: 2~ bookkeeper, Columbia, Mo.; Betty E. Walling­ District of Columbia______14 Mr.- HUMPHREY. Mr. President, I ford, housewife, Houston, Tex.; Harry W. call upon the appropriate· committees of Wallingford, businessman, Houston, Tex.; ~~~~:~;------~======:::: ~~ Congress, which are, of course, the Sen- 1964. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 10419 ate and House Committees on the Dis­ Mr. President, before speaking today, I When I was mayor of Minneapolis, we trict of Columbia, to investigate the in­ consulted with the distinguished Sena­ used to have a full week in which we gave credible situation that prevails relating tor from Illinois [Mr. DIRKSEN], lest once attention to such matters; and at that to voting in the ·District of Columbia. again I suffer a verbal spanking by him. time we asked the homeowners to clean In the Nation's Capital, it has still not We reached agreement-through scien­ up and improve their properties and gar­ been possible, as of this date, to count tific testing and observation-that the dens and yards, and help make the entire the ballots in the primary election held last frost date in this area was April 21. city more beautiful. on Tuesday of this week. It is now Friday, May 8. The Nation's Capital, the city of Wash­ I have received innumerable reports of At the White House, the gardens are ington, D.C., needs civic pride. Instead how citizens stood in line for 6 or 7 filled with beautiful flowers. In all the of constantly reporting on foreign poli­ hours, waiting to cast their ballots; of parks in this city we find beautiful flow­ cies and great international issues, why how there was but one entrance, one ers. In Lafayette Park, we find beauti­ do not the press of this city take at least voting booth, and one ballot box in a ful flowers. At the Humphreys' house, 1 hour a day or a week to remind the precinct. If the center of democracy, there are beautiful flowers. [Laughter.] local citizenry and the local governcent the District of Columbia, does not know At all the other houses in this city, there officials and the Senate and the House of how to permit voting, something is are beautiful flowers. Representatives and the executive branch wrong with the entire Government of This is the Nation's Capital, the cen­ of the Federal Government that this is the United States. The District of Co­ ter of representative government. Yet the capital of the free world, and it is lumbia is under the jurisdiction of the when we leave the door to this Chamber, supposed to be the most beautiful city in Federal Government. Yet while thou­ walk down the stairs, and turn toward the world. sands of people sought to exercise the the side of the building, we find the so­ Certainly the beauty of this city should ballot, many of them were denied that called flower pits, which look as if some­ not be confined to expensive buildings, privilege merely because of the lateness one had hauled in a load of clay, but did So long as there is sufficient money, an­ of the hour by the time they could have not know what to do with it, so dropped other beautiful buildipg can be erected, voted, or because voters became weary it there. This is a minor item; but I of course; but surely many of the house­ after standing in line for hours, waiting have some esthetic sense. There are wives who reside in the District of Co­ to get their ballots. times when I become somewhat bored by lumbia will be able to give their hus­ I know of no other community in the proceedings in the Senate; at times bands directions about how to plant America that conducts an election in they become exasperating-and other de­ bulbs and bushes. such a crude, primitive, unorganized, scriptive phrases could be used. Mr. President, this is my annual mes­ disorganized, and incredible manner as When those times come, I like to walk sage. I was going to wait until Monday the District of Columbia. I hope that from these marble halls and out of the to deliver it; but often on Mondays I find the Commissioners of the District will rather stuffy atmosphere of this Cham­ that I feel a little dyspeptic, and dis­ look into the situation immediately. ber, and venture into the great out of couraged-although, with the prospect I ask most respectfully, as a Senator of doors, and enjoy the perfumed outdoor of having Saturday off, I hope to feel the United States and as a member of air. Of course, I regret to say, one's en­ much happier on the coming Monday. the Subcommittee on District of Colum­ joyment of the outdoor air is somewhat So, Mr. President, I plead with . my bia Appropriations, that the committees diminished by the amount of gasoline colleagues for bipartisan support of the having legislative jurisdiction look into fumes; but I suppose we must expect that effort to improve the esthetic qualities this matter at once. I say this because to happen these days. of this great city. when the general election comes in No­ But, Mr. President, when we walk down Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, will the vember, when by constitutional amend­ the steps of this building, what do we Senator from Minnesota yield? ment the residents of the District of see? We see concrete. It is true that The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Columbia will be entitled to vote for we also see a few azalea bushes-put INOUYE in the chair) . Does the Senator President and Vice President, if the sit­ there perhaps a number of years ago; from Minnesota yield to the Senator uation has not been improved, literally but they do not have to be cared for by from Pennsylvania? thousands of people will be denied the gardeners; they are perennials. Mr. HUMPHREY. I yield. opportunity to vote, even though . they Not long ago a number of nurseries in Mr. SCOTT. I thank the Senator have a legal right to do so. this country offered free flowers to be from Minnesota for yielding to me. It is unthinkable that this modern city used in the Nation's Capital; and the I am not sure when the Senator from does not know how to operate an elec­ Government of the Netherlands offered Minriesota began his remarks, but I am tion process. The ballots are still being to send tulip bulbs to be used in the Na­ sure I shall be in agreement with what­ counted as if they had come from the tion's Capital. We find beautiful tulips ever he is pleading for. He has a new bush country. I know of no country in growing at the White House; I saw them idea every day, and most of them are the world that has so primitive an elec­ there Tuesday morning. I have noticed good; and I try to be accommodating. tion process as has the District of Co­ that when the President becomes a little I hope the Senator from Minnesota lumbia. I raise my voice in protest and weary, he often walks in the rose gardens will not be so eupeptic on Monday that ask-that something be done to correct at the White House; and when he ob­ he will become more trusting of the the condition at once. Otherwise, citi­ serves the members of the press corps methods of this body, but, instead, will zens who, by the constitutional amend­ looking a little peaked and seeming to retain his usual skepticism and air of ment process, have been given the right lack somewhat in physical fitness, he suspicion about the wasting of time, and to vote in the District of Columbia will walks with them in the White House gar­ will continue his fine efforts in seeking be denied that right by being denied the dens. to obtain a vote on the pending bill. exercise of that right. All of us notice that in this city the Inasmuch as the Senator from Min­ homeowners are proud of their trees, nesota spoke of gardens, let me ask this CAPITOL HORTICULTURE shrubs, bushes, flowers, and gardens. question: Does he not feel that the So, Mr. President, I rise in protest Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, only President is quite busy, these days, cul­ against the inadequacy of care of the tivating his garden? yesterday I discussed with the distin­ Capitol Grounds. I do not know who is guished minority leader [Mr. DIRSKEN], Mr. HUMPHREY. If the gardens responsible for that situation; but who­ around the Capitol will grow as well as who is the outstanding horticulturist of ever is, should be reprimanded, and I say the Senate, the subject which I shall dis-. the political gardens the President is cuss. About a year ago I ventured into this with all respect and kindness. They cultivating, there will be bushes, shrubs, a strange and uncertain territory by sug­ should get busy with their hoes and rakes, trees, and flowers, until the Capitol gesting that some flowers ought to be and should beautify the flower pits there. Grounds will be a panorama of beauty. planted around the Capitol. At that I am surprised that the press of the Mr. SCOTT. Yes, I was about to ob­ time, the minority leader proceeded to District of Columbia are not more inter-· serve that the President is using some­ lecture me on my lack of knowledge and ested in the appearance of the Capitol thing that makes his gardens grow. understanding about bushes, shrubs, Grounds, and also in the appearance of Mr. HUMPHREY. And he is helped flowers, and other farms of foliage. all the other areas in this city. by his former colleagues in both Houses 104.20 CON~RESSIONAL RE(:ORD - SEN/\TE May 8 of Congress. We wish to keep this sub­ great many azaleas are scattered Mr. JORDAN of North Carolina. The ject bipartisan. throughout the area. It is a pedect de­ Senator is correct. I left North Carolina Mr. SCO'IT. I am in favor of flowers, light to drive through that area. last night, and I found what the Senator too, so long as my wife will tend to our Last Sunday my wife and I had the said to be the case everywhere I went. common garden. pleasure of driving out to Berryville to But if the proposal becomes a fact and is Mr. HUMPHREY. Again I join the the home of Senator BYRD of Virginia brought into being, would the Senator see Senator from Pennsylvania. and Mrs. Byrd. We gloried in the land­ that the program is not referred to t.he Mr. SCOTT. But I do not want the scape all the way out, and particularly Committee on Rules and Administra­ Senator from Minnesota to become sub­ from the highway up to the home of tion? We have all the flower planting versive-to suggest that it is the duty of Senator and Mrs. Byrd we delighted in and all the hoeing that we can do right the husband to use the hoe and the rake seeing the wonderful beauty of the dog­ now. and to assume tasks which we know the wood and other flowering trees and Mr. HUMPHREY. I believe that the ladies are very happy to do for them­ shrubs. proposal should be referred to the com­ selves. We hope the ladies will continue In my hometown the garden club. has mittee of which the distinguished Sen­ to do them, so that the tired husbands recently completed a program of planting ator from Washington [Mr. MAGNUSON] will be able to enjoy the lovely flowers dogwood. The people sold and had is chairman. Though the Senator is in which are the fruition of the labors of planted about 3,000 dogwood trees charge of a very busy committee, he is their wives-although guided, of course, around homes in the city. It has been a real "can do" man, and he gets things by a certain amount of advice, but no a very good start. The season has al.:. done. expenditure of any effort, on the part of ready passed. But a little earlier there Mr. JORDAN of North Carolina. The the husbands. was a most wonderful display of beauty Senator is correct. In addition, he does Mr. HUMPHREY. The Senator from throughout that area. There is no rea­ not have a wife to look after. He can Pennsylvania has paraphrased much son why there should not be such beauty look after a flower garden very easily. more eloquently and succinctly the on the Capitol Grounds. The thought Mr. SPARKMAN. Mr. President, be­ thought I previously expressed. occurred to me that dogwood, both white fore the Senator from Minnesota yields Mr. SCOTT. Do I correctly under­ and pink, mixed with redbud and azaleas. the floor, since I like flowers, and do not stand that in the annual address the would make a wonderful and attractive wish to get away from them, the thought Senator from Minnesota has just now sight around the Capitol. occurs to me that many parts of our city delivered, he has stated that he is op­ Mr. HUMPHREY. The Senator ls cor­ are beautiful today with flowers. Why posed to Easter egg rolling on the White rect. I thank him very much for his ob­ should we be shut up here for so long a House lawn-on the ground that that servation. time? Why should we not be allowed to would litter the place? Mr. SPARKMAN. The Senator has get out and enjoy them? Mr. HUMPHREY. I am in favor of mentioned the gift of bulbs from Hol­ Mr. HUMPHREY. I thank the Sen­ every good tradition-Easter egg rolling, land. The Senator has visited Holland. ator for that observation, because as soon and defeat of the Republicans every 2 Mr. HUMPHREY. Yes. as the Senator and his distinguished col­ years in the congressional elections, and Mr. SPARKMAN. The Senator has leagues will permit the Senate to vote every 4 years in the Presidential elec­ seen those magnificent fields, gardens, on the civil rights bill, Senators will be tions. yards, and beds of tulips growing and able not only to get out and look at Mr. SCOTT. I am sure the Senator blooming in all their beauty. the flowers, but also will be able to help from Minnesota shares the view of the Mr. HUMPHREY. The sight ls mar­ the gardener plant them. At the rate entire Senate that all of us are thankful velous. I believe this great Capitol area, the proPosed legislation is progressing, for J. Edgar Hoover, beagles, and which is the seat of government · in our Senators will have to wear snowshoes motherhood. great National Capital, ought to be so when they get out; and I do not wish that Mr. HUMPHREY. Yes; I support all landscaped. to happen. three. Mr. SPARKMAN. As the Senator has Mr. SPARKMAN. I am speaking Mr. SCOTT. I do not mean to be said, Washington is not only the Capital about today only. facetious, because yesterday I submitted of the United States, but essentially it ls Mr. HUMPHREY. We shall be out in a resolution expressing appreciation of the capital of the free world. The city plenty of time today. All Senators are the fine services rendered by J. Edgar is often referred to as perhaps the most on notice that tomorrow, Saturday, there Hoover. He is a good man, and he ls beautiful city in the world. Its beauty will be no session. That arrangement doing a fine job. could certainly be enhanced if our Capi­ was made in a spirit of comity, amity, Mr. HUMPHREY. I share the Sena­ tol Grounds were properly landscaped. and fellowship, so that when Senators tor's view. Mr. HUMPHREY. I thank the Sena­ return on Monday and Tuesday, the Mr. SCOTT. I have mentioned J. Ed­ tor very much. Senate can finish voting on the jury gar Hoover in connection with my refer­ Mr. MAGNUSON. Mr. President, will trial amendments and proceed forthwith, ence to beagles and motherhood because the Senator yield? in the regular order, on the bill. I know I wished to refer to three subjects on Mr. HUMPHREY. I yield. that Senators wish to see that happen. I which I was sure all Senators would be Mr. MAGNUSON. Who is in charge believe we are now reaching the point certain to agree. of the landscaping? at which amendments can be taken up Mr. HUMPHREY. The Senator from Mr. HUMPHREY. I am not quite sure. one by one. Pennsylvania has voiced the opinion of Mr. MAGNUSON. Is it the Architect Mr. SPARKMAN. May I add that, as all Senators. of the Capitol? a part of that comity, the Senator knows Mr. SPARKMAN. Mr. President, will Mr. HUMPHREY. I believe it must be. that I have agreed that there would be the Senator yield? Mr. SPARKMAN. Would it be the no more live quorums today. Mr. HUMPHREY. I yield to the dis­ Committee on Rules and Administra­ Mr. HUMPHREY. The Senator is cor­ tinguished Senator from Alabama. tion? rect. Mr. SPARKMAN. I commend the Mr. HUMPHREY. I am sure that it Mr. SPARKMAN. That arrangement Senator for his remarks regarding the is not the Committee on Rules and Ad­ was made· so that Senators could get relative barrenness of the grounds around ministration. However, the Committee away early and enjoy the flowers about the Capitol. I fully agree with him that on Rules and Administration has had which we have been speaking. some wonderful landscaping could be a bit of work to do. Mr. HUMPHREY. The Senator im­ done. The Senator mentioned the flow­ Mr. SPARKMAN. I referred to the presses me. I am a slow learner, but I ering beauties in the parks, grounds, Committee on Rules and Administration have caught on. and private homes. I delight in driving only because the chairman of that com­ through the city of Washington every mittee is present in the Chamber. spring-but especially this spring-and Mr. JORDAN of North Carolina. Mr. INADEQUACY OF VOTING FACIL- seeing the flowering shrubs. President, will the Senator yield to me? 1ITIES IN THE DISTRICT OF CO­ I happen to live in an area that has a Mr. HUMPHREY. I yield to my dear great many trees in it. The tree which friend the Senator from North Caro­ LUMBIA is rather rampant is dogwood, both white lina, where the flowers are beautiful and Mr. SPARKMAN. The Senator from and pink. There is some red bud, and a the people are magnificent. Minnesota' made reference to the voting 1964 C.PNGRESSIONAL RECORD - SE~.t\.TE 10421 jam in the District of Columbia. That is ordinator of the Alliance for Progress in as he returns to Puerto Rico where he a serious·problem. If a person has ever the autumn of 1961, he chose a man who will particlpate in the public life of that been caught in a voting jam, he knows had already made a distinguished record remarkable island. how serious it is. On Tuesday of this in Puerto Rico as the administrator of Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ week I flew home in order to vote. I left Operation Bootstrap, the long-range eco-· sent that an editorial which appeared in here at 8:10J:q. the morning, and at 8:35 nomic development program that is now the May 5 Washington Post entitled I was in my hometown of Huntsville, recognized throughout the world as a "Moscoso Resigns" and an article which Ala. That was our local time. There is model to be copied for rapid economic appeared in the New York Times of Tues­ a difference of 2 hours. I went to the and social development of a less de­ day, May 5, entitled "Moscoso Resigns polls. I thought, on my way to the polls, veloped area. His Latin AID Job," be printed at this "Suppose there is a long line waiting. In addition to his experience in Puerto point in the RECORD. I may not make my return plane." Rico, "Ted" Moscoso, as he is known by There being no objection, the editorial The plane on which I intended to re­ his many friends, brought to the job a and article were ordered to be printed turn to Washington was scheduled to profound understanding of the political, in the RECORD, as follows: leave at 9:50. Fortunately, I made the social, and economic forces at work in [From the Washington Post, May 5, 1964) 'Plrule. I did not find a long line at the contemporary Latin America, a wide ac­ Moscoso RESIGNS quaintance with progressive leaders in polls. But I have seen times when there The resignation of Teodoro Moscoso as was a long line; I know how frustrating the hemisphere and an inspiring vision Washington's representative on the Inter­ 1t is. I join the Senator in expressing the of what the Alliance for Progress could American Committee for the Alliance for hope that the situation will be straight­ and should represent. He realized that Progress is a twin loss. It deprives the ad­ ened out before the general election. the Alliance for Progress must be a polit­ ministration of one of its most sympathetic I wish to inject a little note. I can ical and ideological program, as well as and sophisticated advisers on Latin affairs hardly keep from saying that if that a plan for economic and social develop­ and it deprives the alliance of one of its most situation had happened in Macon ment. He realized the Alliance must dedicated administrators and advocates. In 3 years of office in Washington, Mr. Mos­ County, Ala., for example, . or in have a mystique all its own, must de­ coso identified himself deeply with President some similar place, the Civil Rights Com­ velop a following. The Alliance must Kennedy's original intent to make the Alli­ mission would have been criticizing the have symbols. "Ted" Moscoso himself ance the major means ·of adjusting Ameri­ election officials of the area on the became in the last 3 years one of the chief cans, North and South, to the forces of ground that an opportunity was not given symbols of what the Alliance for Prog­ change. He began this service as coordinator to the people to vote. I condemn such ress meant. He combined idealism with of the Alliance. Under the Johnson admin­ delay wherever it occurs if it is the result courage, a vision of the future with solid istration he was moved to the Inter-American experience in the past. Committee, which was given the responsi­ of carelessnes or lack of planning. I be­ bility but not the authority of involving the lieve that is the problem in the District During the first 2 % years of the Alli­ Latin members of the Alliance in its basic of Columbia. ance for Progress, "Ted" Moscoso held a decisions. It was evident that his ideas were I am happy to say that the legal right job probably as difficult as almost any no longer at the hub of American policy. to vote is protected in the District of Co­ in Washington. And he had to face the We wish Mr. Moscoso a well-earned, but lumbia. The Constitution was amended staggering programs of launching this short, rest upon his return to private life. It to make it possible for the citizens of the ambitious hemispheric program before is typical of this big-hearted man that he District of Columbia to vote in the na­ the machinery of the U.S. Government has already agreed to serve on the Commis­ sion studying U.S. relations with his own tional elections for President and Vice had been altered to reflect the priority Puerto Rico. He should not be allowed to President. But I agree with the Presi­ consideration for Latin America which stay long out of the mainstream of hemi­ dent that even though a citizen may have President Kennedy gave it in launching spheric affairs. the legal right to vote, if the machinery the Alliance for Progress. Although held is so confused that he cannot exercise responsible by his critics for any actions [From the New York Times, May 5, 1964] that right, there is a violation of a basic in the hemisphere-many of which were Moscoso RESIGNS HIS LATIN AID Jo&-WILL civil right. far beyond the control of any U.S. offi­ RETURN TO PRIVATE LIFE IN PuERTO RICO The Senator from Minnesota has been cial because they were internal Latin (By Tad Szulc) critical of' other areas in which there has American problems-the U.S. Coordina­ WASHINGTON, May 4.-Teodoro Moscoso been, for all practical purposes, a denial tor's position did not always carry au­ has resigned as U.S. representative on the of the right to vote through the fault thority commensurate with the responsi­ Inter-American Committee for the Alliance of some official or through some proce­ bilities of its holder. Centralization of for Progress, it became known today. dure. I likewise rise to be critical in this authority for hemispheric affairs had not Mr. Moscoso, who for 2 years personified area where, I may say, the privilege of yet been accomplished. It is a real trib­ Alliance goals, is returning to private life voting and the right to vote is supposed in Puerto Rico. He will also serve, however, ute to "Ted" Moscoso's patience, tenacity, as a member of the Puerto Rican-United to be fully protected. If the Civil Rights and resourcefulness that he accomplished States Commission charged with studying Commission does not look into it, I ap­ so much in so short a time in Washing­ the island's status. point myself as a committee of one to ton despite the many obstacles confront­ He cabled his resignation to President make a personal protest. ing him. · Johnson last week from Paris, where he is Certainly the Civil Rights Commis­ It was part of the greatness of "Ted" on a private visit. Earlier last week he ac­ sion, as the Senator has suggested, Moscoso's vision to recognize that in ad­ cepted an appointment by Gov. Luis Mu:tioz­ ought to look into it. Marin, of Puerto Rico, to the Staus Com­ dition to economic development, the de­ mission. velopment of constitutional government It is understood that Mr. Moscoso has felt is equally important to the development TEODORO MOSCOSO AND THE AL­ for some time that he was no longer able to of the type of free societies that we hope contribute adequately to the Alliance, which LIANCE FOR PROGRESS to see in Latin America. Having wit­ he had helped to set in motion. Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, it nessed the evils of military dictatorship His departure ls viewed as ending an era was with great regret that I read in the throughout the Caribbean during the in which the United States, leading the 10- New York Times of Tuesday, May 5, the 1950's, he shared the aversion of his dis­ year cooperative program inaugurated by President Kennedy in 1961, sought to en­ news of the resignation of Ambassador tinguished colleague and friend, Romulo courage social and political reform in Latin Teodoro Moscoso as the U.S. Represent­ Betancourt, to military juntas, to uncon­ America. ative to the Inter-American Committee stitutional governments. Under the Johnson administration the for the Alliance for Progress. It is with "Ted" Moscoso returns to Puerto Rico Alliance, in the eyes o£La.tin Americans, has great regret that we witness the depar­ with the respect and admiration of all lost much of the content that had so much ture from the Government of a man those in the hemisphere who truly believe appeal. They view it as gradually turning who, with President Kennedy, deserves in the Alliance for Progress program. It into a standard program of economic as­ sistance on a highly selective basis. the greatest credit for launching the Al­ has been my privilege to work closely Mr. Moscoso was the last top-level member liance for Progress program during its with him during these past 3 years; to of the Kennedy team for Latin America to ditllcult first 2¥2 years of operation. share in his vision of the Alliance for remain in the Johnson administration. He When President Kennedy picked Am­ Progress. He has our gratitude; our had agreed to stay long enough to see the bassador Moscoso as the first U.S. Co- thanks, and our best wishes for success newly created I~ter-American Committee, 10422 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE May 8 designed to coordinate Alliance programs, America, has come under public criticism by one of the outstanding members of the take shape. such congressional leaders as Senator HUBERT Committee on Foreign Relations. His resignation comes at a time of growing H. HUMPHREY, of Minnesota, the majority I, too, feel that Mr. Moscoso will be disillusionment in Latin America and among whip. Latin American omcials. of the Alliance in sorely missed. Mr. Moscoso served not Washington over present conduct of the Mr. SPARKMAN. Mr. President, will only as the Director or Coordinator of program by the United States. the Senator yield in that connection? the Alliance for Progress Program, but The consensus in those quarters is that Mr. HUMPHREY. I yield. more recently as the American repre­ the Alliance as conceived by President Ken­ Mr. SPARKMAN. I have known •red sentative on the Inter-American Com­ nedy no longer exists, and that Washington Moscoso for a long time. I know of the mittee, established in a recent confer­ seems to have returned to its unilateral ap­ fine work that he did in Puerto Rico. ence in Sao Paulo, Brazil. The Coordi­ proach to problems of the hemisphere. Puerto Rico, for a long period of time, nating Committee is to coordinate all the Mr. Moscoso, who has served as Ambassa­ dor to Venezuela, was for more than 2 years was in a very poor economic condition. activities of the Alliance for Progress the U.S. coordinator for the Alliance, and Mr. HUMPHREY. I believe it was program. was its tireless advocate. He was shifted called the island of hopelessness. We must make sure that whoever re­ early this year to be the representative to the Mr. SPARKMAN. That is true. It 1s places Mr. Moscoso is a man of stature new Inter-American Committee. quite descriptive. It had a very low in this Government, or a man who ha~ a The move was a part of President John­ economy. close working relationship with the Alli­ son's reorganization of the Latin American I remember on one occasion, about the ance for Progress program. The Co­ policy command. Thomas C. Mann was ordinating Committee will· undoubtedly given the posts of Assistant Secretary of· State time that Governor Senor Mufioz-Marin for Inter-American Affairs and U.S. coordina­ took office; he came to Washington and determine the success or failure of the tor of the Alliance. talked with me regarding housing for Alliance for Progress program. We need Mr. Moscoso ls vacationing in Paris and Puerto Rico. a man of unusual capacity and ability to could not be reached for comment. It was It was always a problem when we en­ serve on that particular committee. understood that he planned to return to the acted housing legislation to develop a We shall miss Mr. Moscoso, but that management of his ·family's pharmaceutical program that could really be put to good loss can be repaired somewhat if a man company in Puerto Rico. use in Puerto Rico. Finally, there was of equal competence or similar com­ Governor Mufi.oz-Marin announced in San petence is obtained, possibly from the Juan last night Mr. Moscoso's appointment developed the do-it-yourself or self-help as one of the six Puerto Rican members of program in housing. "Ted" Moscoso was ranks of the Alliance for Progress pro­ the Commission. Under a congressional res­ put in charge of the program, as the Sen­ g~am, possibly someone new. olution it has the task of formulating pro­ ator stated. I believe the Government Mr. SPARKMAN. Mr. President, will posals for an improvement in the present agency was called the Puerto Rican Re­ the Senator yield further? status of Puerto Rico as a "free associated construction Administration. It had to Mr. HUMPHREY. I yield. state" in relation to the United States. do with the economic development of the It is believed that Mr. Moscoso will sub­ Mr. SPARKMAN. It would be quite mit his resignation before the Alliance Com­ island. In the so-called self-help pro­ appropriate at this time to say that while mittee holds its second meeting, scheduled gram, the Government would give to a we hear a great deal of moaning and for July 10 in Mexico City. person who was willing-this was in the groaning regarding the breakdown of the The first meetings were held here in March rural areas; I am not sure that it per­ Alliance for Progress program, and the when the committee was organized, with tained to the urban areas---to move out Latin American program generally, as a Carlos Sanz de Santamaria of Colombia as on a piece of land, to grow crops, and to matter of fact, a great deal has been its chairman. At that time President John­ build a house, a certain amount of brick, son spoke before the Organization of Ameri­ done under the program. can States, pledging continuing U.S. sup­ cement, and other things that were re­ If someone is interested in the pro­ port for the Alliance. quired, and let him build a house. gram it ought to be studied country by However, some Latin American and U.S. There were thousands of good houses country, rather than examined in the omcials-and some Members of Congress­ which were suitable for that area. They overall. If we look at the program in conslder that the attitude of the United were built by those people with only a the overall, someone always picks out the States has changed markedly. small amount of subsidization by the bad exampJes and uses them as being The first inconsistency, these critics say, Government. An overall housing pro­ appeared almost simultaneously with his typical. Of course, if one picks out the speech to the Organization of American gram was developed. "Ted" Moscoso did bad examples in Latin America, the pro­ States praising the new multinational char­ a wonderful job in Puerto Rico. I think gram can be made to Jook very bad. acter of the Alliance. Mr. Johnson sent his it was the outstanding work he did there When we entered into the Bogata Agree­ foreign-aid message to Congress, singling out which came to the attention of President ment, and later into the Punta del ·Este Colombia and Chile as two of six countries Kennedy and caused the President to Charter, it was fully understood that this in the world in which two-thirds of U.S. bring him into the Alliance for Progress was to be a mutual program, that there development lending would be earmarked in program. · He was first named as Am­ the fl.seal year 1965. had to be coordination and cooperation Alliance omcials then expressed the view bassador to Venezuela, until the Alliance between the particular country and the that if the United States selects two Latin for Progress program was underway, United States, that there were certain American countries beforehand for the bulk and then he was put in charge of that. things they had to do before we would of aid under the Alliance, the functions of I know that he worked hard to get the be willing to come in. Some countries the new committee are made almost program going. There were many ob­ have not done them. Other countries academic. stacles. There are still obstacles, but he have, and in those countries there has . As an example of what Latin American labored long and faithfully to overcome omcials call Washington's attitude in by­ been remarkable progress made in the passing Alliance machinery, they cited the those obstacles. I think he did a good Alliance for Progress program; does not dispatch of an economic mission to Panama job, and that we ought to be grateful the Senator agree? to study Panamanian economic development for the job that he did. Mr. HUMPHREY. I do indeed. I feel needs. This was done immediately after the Personally, I regretted seeing him that it is wrong merely to condemn a resumption of diplomatic relations last leave. I kriow that he will be missed. program and say that it has failed, as month. We have a man in charge of Latin some people have said it has. On the The step was taken, Latin omcials said, American affairs, Assistant Secretary contrary, where the criteria have been without any reference to the 7-year Pana­ manian economic development plan that the Mann, who has general supervision over met, where the standards outlined in the Alliance's committee of nine had just all of this work. I know that he believes Punta del Este Charter have been ful­ reviewed. very strongly in the Alliance for Prog­ fiiled-standards in terms of administra­ But the major Latin American criticism, ress program. I hope that he will be able tion reform, legislative proposals, land heard here and- apparent in editorial com­ to find someone who will carry it on with reform, and 'tax revision-the Alliance ments in the Latin press, deals with the the same zeal and dedication that char­ for Progress has been a sensational suc­ charge that the Johnson administration has acterized Ted Moscoso. cess. It has made unbelievable progress completely deemphasized the Alliance and . its political character in favor of what the Mr. HUMPHREY. . Mr. President, I in some areas. I hope that we shall not, new team calls the pragmatic approach. am sure that Mr. Moscoso will be pleased for 1 minute, relax our determination in This "pragmatism," which in the view of to read the words of the able and dis­ this country to make the program a real many observers includes a pas8ive U.S. atti­ tinguished Senator from Alabama, who success, a living monument, so to speak, tude toward military takeovers in Latin is one of our outstanding Senators, and to the vision of the late President Ken- 1964 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 10423 nedy and those who helped design . the by jury-on May 1-I pointed out the cases, and in others as well, by holding program. overwhelming significance of the clear by narrow margins that this definition is Mr. SPARK.MAN. ·A great deal of that language in our Constitution attempting not true and that criminal contempts program has been carried on by private to assure this most valuable right to the are not crimes to which the Bill of Rights enterprise. American people in 1787 for generations and the Constitution apply and guaran­ Mr. HUMPHREY. Very much so. to come. To illustrate the true intent of tee a jury trial. Mr. SPARKMAN. The Senator has our Founding Fathers, I traced, step by Therefore, it seems all the more man­ been in Central· and South America on step at the Constitutional Convention of datory that Congress should fulfill its various occasions. I know that he has 1787, the background of these words in legislative duties to the people and by visited projects-in fact, our trails our Constitution. The history that I law assure jury trial rights to criminal crossed at one time when we both visited pointed out leaves no room for doubt that contempt cases. housing projects in South American the framers of the Constitution intended Last Friday I went back to the Consti­ countries. The Senator knows the great that all crimes be covered by the right tutional Convention of 1787 to give his­ amount of housing which has been built to trial by jury, and that all prosecu­ torical meaning to the constitutional down there, some of it subsidized hous­ tions be subject to a speedy trial by an guarantee of jury trial rights. In doing ing under government plans, but most of impartial jury with the right of coun­ so, I pointed out that the people at large it private enterprise housing. The Sen­ sel and other rights afforded the def end­ clamored for these rights and were ator knows that several countries have ant. alarmed at the omission of civil jury trial been working on rather vigorous sys­ Today, I wish to go further into his­ rights in the Constitution. This demand tems of savings and loan associations, tory on this point, and I wish also to point brought forth the seventh amendment similar to· our own, and that personnel out how the whole pattern of the instant assuring juries in civil suits at common from private enterprise representing civil rights bill was apparently designed law involving more than $20, and so great savings and loan associations in this to circumvent this treasured and vital was the popular demand that the fifth country have gone down there and given part of our form of government. and sixth amendments were included in a year of their time to help such asso­ Last Friday-May 1-the Senator the Bill of Rights, giving further and ciations get started. The Senator knows from Georgia [Mr. TALMADGE] and I were more specific assurances to the people as something about this subject, because he discussing a definition of the word to jury and other trial rights in criminal has looked carefully into the establish­ "crime." Since that time, I have done cases. ment of credit unions in South America. some research on definitions, and I find Let us now go a step or two back fur­ Mr. HUMPHREY. The Senator is cor­ that they are quite appropriate to our ther in American history. rect. considerations at this time. In the Declaration of Independence, Mr. SPARKMAN. Credit unions are Black's Law Dictionary states the fol­ penned by the immortal Thomas Jef­ being established in the mountains lowing: f erson, we find the following listed among the Indians who have practically According to Blackstone, the word "crime" among· the grievances · of the Colonies no income, yet are developing the habit denotes such offenses as are of a deeper and against the King: of thrift, to save a little something out more atrocious dye, while smaller faults and For depriving us, in many cases, of the of the little they derive. Does not the omissions Of less consequence are called benefits of trial by jury; Senator, as a result of his visits to Latin "misdemeanors." But the better use ap­ For transporting us beyond seas to be America, hawing studied the projects, pears to be to make "crime" a term of broad tried for pretended offenses. believe that we should feel encouraged and general import. In this sense, "of­ by what is being done? fense" or "public offense" should be used as Jefferson spoke the feelings of the Mr. HUMPHREY. I do. Not only do synonymous · with it. people. His declaration became the dec­ The distinction between a crime and a laration of the people. In it, in un­ I feel that we should be encouraged, but tort or civil injury .is that the former is a mistakable terms indelible as they were I look upon it as an incentive to con­ breach and violation of the public right and tinue our efforts. of duties due to the whole community con­ with meaning at the birth of a nation, I noticed that President Johnson has sidered as such, and in its social and ag­ were the words, "trial by jury." given another note of reassurance to the gregate capacity; whereas the latter is an Why is it that in our attempts to be Western Hemisphere, and Latin America infringement of privation of the cl vil rights legally or technically letter perfect with in particular, by requesting, this coming of individuals. the doctrine of stare decisis, we as a Monday, that the ambassadors and chiefs A crime, as opposed to a civil injury, is the people, through our judicial structure, violation of a right, considered in reference are drawn so far afield of the real mean­ of missions in the Latin American coun­ to the evil tendency of such violation as re­ tries return to Washington once again gards the community at large. ing and purposes of the founders of our so that there can be better coordination Nation? As an elected representative of our efforts, so that they can receive This definition should leave little doubt of the people, I feel it my bounden duty from the President, from the Secretary tht1,t the use of the words "all crimes" in to support legislation that will restore of State, and from his special assistant our Constitution should include crimi­ full jury trial rights in all criminal cases, the Assistant Secretary of State for Latin nal contempts as offenses against judge­ including criminal contempts, and thus America, Mr. Mann, the kind of instruc­ made law which has its roots in basic or bring us more in line with the words tion, direction, and inspiration that will legislative-made law. written so carefully and correctly by give the Alliance for Progress even great­ Black's Law Dictionary states that a the great Thomas Jefferson for our er strength. violation of the public right is a crime. posterity. · If a judge issues an order or a decree, he Let us go back a little further beyond must do so in the public right, or he has the Declaration of Independence. In CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1963 no reason to act. Therefore, a violation Jefferson's writings we find several nota­ The Senate resumed the consideration of the order is a violation of the public tions about the insidious practice of the of the bill