July 2020 Commonwealth Poll A survey of Virginians conducted by the Center for Public Policy at VCU’s L. Douglas Wilder School of Government and Public Affairs

FOR RELEASE: 9am, July 30, 2020

Contacts: L. Douglas Wilder Farrah Stone, Ph.D. Angelica Bega, executive assistant Poll Director (804) 828-8520 or [email protected] (804) 305-3447 or [email protected]

Approval of Trump's and Northam's handling of COVID-19 has fallen since April, VCU poll finds

RICHMOND, Va. (July 30, 2020) -- President Donald Trump and Virginia Gov. Ralph Northam saw approval ratings for their handling of the COVID-19 crisis drop since April, according to a new statewide poll conducted by the Center for Public Policy at the L. Douglas Wilder School of Government and Public Affairs at Virginia Commonwealth University.

Trump had a decrease in approval of 7 percentage points, creating a majority of 55% disapproving somewhat or strongly of how he is handling the response. While Northam had a decrease of 15 percentage points, a majority of Virginians (61%) still approve strongly or somewhat of how he’s handling the response to COVID-19. Virginians from the Northwest and West regions, men, Republicans and those with a high school diploma or less were more likely to approve of Trump’s handling of the crisis. Conversely, residents from Northern Virginia and Tidewater, women, Democrats and those with a college education were more likely to approve of Northam’s response.

The poll also provides additional insight into Virginians’ opinions on mask wearing, racial equity, confederate monuments and a snapshot of the 2020 presidential election in Virginia.

“Not surprisingly, Virginians are concerned about the economy,” said former governor L. Douglas Wilder. “They now recognize the pandemic to be more important than before (the previous poll).”

“The decrease in Trump and Northam’s positive handling of the pandemic is indicative of the increase in concerns related to the pandemic,” Wilder said.

“The poll also reflects growing concerns about racism in any measure: systemic, the removal of statues, and/or police reform,” he said. “What we have is one thing (racism); what we do about it is another.”

1 The telephone survey of 838 adults living in Virginia was conducted between July 11-19. It has an estimated margin of error of ±5.19 percentage points for all adults sampled, and ±6.40 percentage points for likely voters.

Among the poll’s key findings:

 Six-in-ten of Virginians (60%) believe wearing masks is helping a lot in slowing the spread of COVID. Another 21% said wearing masks helps a little. Only 18% said the practice does not help much or at all. Virginians in NOVA and the South Central region were more likely to think masks help a lot. Education and income were significant in the opinion, with 71% of those with a college degree and 70% of those with a family income of more than $100,000 per year saying masks help a lot. Minorities (with 66% vs. 56% of whites) and Democrats (with 76% vs. 44% of Republicans and 60% of Independents) were also more likely to say masks help a lot.  Biden leads Trump by eleven percentage points among likely voters in Virginia. When likely voters were asked how they would vote if the election were held today, 50% said Joe Biden, while 39% said Donald Trump. Support for Biden was almost unchanged, with a one percent increase since our last reporting in April 2020. Again, gender and level of education were significant to the vote choice. Women prefer Joe Biden by 21% (52% Biden/31% Trump) and men prefer Trump by 11% (49% Trump/38% Biden). Those with a college degree or more prefer Biden by 22% (54% Biden/32% Trump) compared to those with a high school diploma or less who prefer Trump by 14% (51% Trump/37% Biden).  The economy is the most important issue to likely voters in the presidential election, followed by health care and COVID. Eighty-two percent of likely voters said the economy was one of the most or very important issues in the upcoming election. Seventy percent said the same of health care; and 66% said the same of the coronavirus outbreak. The economy had a similar level of importance to all demographic groups. Women, Democrats and minorities were more likely to say health care and COVID were more important. The coronavirus outbreak was a more important issue to respondents in NOVA and Tidewater, where cases have been increasing in recent weeks.  Systemic racism, police reform and immigration were still important to likely voters with over half saying all three were one of the most or a very important issue in their vote. Women, minorities and Democrats were more likely to say these three issues were more important to their vote.  Virginians’ support has shifted away from leaving confederate monuments where they are to relocating them to museums. A plurality of Virginians (38%) think that the remaining confederate monuments should be moved to museums, an increase of 15% from the last time we asked the question in December 2017. The percentage of Virginians who think the monuments should be left in place has decreased 17% in the same time period, from 49% in 2017 to 32% currently. Only 14% of Virginians think the monuments should be removed all together.  Virginians’ views on racial equity is significant to vote choice and opinion about confederate monuments. We also asked respondents whether they thought Blacks in the US are treated as fairly as Whites or whether changes need to be made for fair treatment. Almost six-in-ten

2 Virginians (59%) said changes need to be made for fair treatment to occur. Thirty-five percent said Blacks are treated as fairly as Whites. That opinion was significant to vote choice and what should be done with the remaining confederate monuments. Eighty-two percent of those who say Blacks are treated fairly now say they will vote for Trump. Of those who say we need change, 71% will vote for Biden. Respondents that think Blacks are treated fairly were more likely to say the monuments should be left in place, with 65%, while respondents that think changes need to be made were more likely to say the monuments should move to museums, with 54%.

3 Methodology

The Commonwealth Poll July 2020, sponsored by Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), obtained telephone interviews with a representative sample of 838 adults, age 18 or older, living in Virginia. Telephone interviews were conducted by landline (417) and cell phone (421, including 178 without a landline). The data collection was conducted by Responsive Management from July 11-19, 2020. Statistical results are weighted to correct for known demographic discrepancies. A two-stage weighting procedure was used to weight this dual-frame sample by the demographic characteristics of sex, age, education, race, Hispanic origin, and region using the geographic and demographic weighting parameters from the U.S. Census Bureau’s 2017 American Community Survey (ACS) data. The margin of sampling error for the complete set of weighted data is ± 5.19 percentage points. The estimated margin of error for likely voters (n=725) is ±6.19 percentage points. The sample consisted of a combination of listed landline and cellular random digit dial (RDD) samples. The overall sample was representative of the adult general population of Virginia who have access to either a listed landline or cellular telephone. Both samples were provided by Marketing Systems Group, a leader in providing research-based statistical samples. The cellular RDD sample was prescreened for disconnected numbers. As many as seven attempts were made to contact each landline telephone number, and as many as five attempts were made to contact each cell phone number. Calls were made at different times of the day and on different days of the week to maximize the chance of contacting potential respondents. Response rates are computed according to American Association for Public Opinion Research standards.1 The response rate for the landline sample was 8.4 percent. The response rate for the cellular sample was 8.2 percent.

1 The American Association for Public Opinion Research. 2016. Standard Definitions: Final Dispositions of Case Codes and Outcome Rates for Surveys, 9th Edition. AAPOR. 4 Wilder School Commonwealth Poll July 2020 State-wide survey of Virginians2 July 11-19, 2020 Number of Respondents: 838

Q1. If the election for president were being held today, and the candidates were [READ AND RANDOMIZE] Joe Biden the Democrat and Donald Trump the Republican, for whom would you vote?

Apr Dec Oct Likely voters only 2020 N 20203 20194 20195 % % % % Trump 39 261 41 46 46 Biden 50 376 51 49 51 Third party candidate (VOLUNTEERED) 1 11 - - - Don’t Know/Refused 10 66 8 6 3

Q2. How important will each of the following be in your vote for president? Is [INSERT ITEM; RANDOMIZE] one of the most important issues, a very important issue, a somewhat important issue or a less important issue?

One of Very Somewhat Less DK/ most important important important Refused Likely voters only important % % % % % a. The economy 32 50 16 3 - b. Health care 26 44 21 9 - c. The coronavirus outbreak 34 32 15 18 1 d. Systemic racism 21 33 22 21 4 e. Police reform 18 38 25 18 1 f. Immigration 12 43 30 14 1

Q3. Do you approve or disapprove of the way that Donald Trump is handling the government response to the coronavirus pandemic? Do you feel that way strongly or somewhat?

July Apr 2020 20206 % % Strongly approve 29 28 Somewhat approve 14 22 Somewhat disapprove 10 15 Strongly disapprove 45 33 Don’t Know/Refused 4 2

2 Percentages may add to 99 or 101 due to rounding. Cells that are blank contain no cases. Cells with a zero percent entry contain cases, but the percentage is less than 0.5%. 3 Wilder School Commonwealth Poll April 2020, n=663 likely voters. 4 Wilder School Commonwealth Poll Winter 2020,n=728 likely voters. 5 Wilder School Commonwealth Poll September 2020, n=728 likely voters. 6 Wilder School Commonwealth Poll April 2020, n=812 adult VA residents. 5 Q4. Do you approve or disapprove of the way that Virginia Governor Ralph Northam is handling the government response to the coronavirus pandemic? Do you feel that way strongly or somewhat?

July Apr 2020 2020 % % Strongly approve 31 40 Somewhat approve 30 36 Somewhat disapprove 10 10 Strongly disapprove 24 12 Don’t Know/Refused 5 3

Q5. How much do you think the practice of wearing a mask helps to slow the spread of coronavirus in the U.S.? Is it helping a lot, helping a little, not too much or not at all?

2020 % Helping a lot 60 Helping a little 21 Not too much 9 Not at all 9 Don’t Know/Refused 2

Q6. Which statement comes closer to your own view even if neither is exactly right? [READ AND RANDOMIZE]

2020 % Blacks in the United States are treated as fairly as Whites. 35 Changes need to be made in order for Blacks in the United States to 59 be treated as fairly as Whites. Don’t Know/Refused 7

Q7. Although some monuments have been removed recently, thinking about the remaining monuments to Confederate figures in Virginia, which of the following courses of action do you favor?7 [READ AND RANDOMIZE]

July Dec 2020 20178 % % Leave them in place as they are 32 49 Add context in the current location such as additional signage 15 13 Relocate to museums 38 23 Remove all together 14 10 Don’t Know/Refused 2 6

7 Added “Although some monuments have been removed recently” and “remaining” to Dec 2017 question. 8 Wilder School Commonwealth Poll Winter 2017-2018, n=788 adult VA residents. 6

View of Racial Equity Blacks in the United States are treated as fairly Changes need to be made in order for as Whites. Blacks in the United States to be Vote Choice treated as fairly as Whites. % % N Biden 7 71 410 Trump 82 16 267 3rd party 4 4 22 DK/Refused 8 8 70

7 Tables for subgroup analysis9

Q1: If the election for president were being held today, and the candidates were Joe Biden the Democrat and Donald Trump the Republican, for whom would you vote?

Don’t Number of Biden Trump Third Party know/Refused Cases Likely Voters 50% 39% 1% 10% 714

VA Region Northwest 38% 53% 2% 6% 123 NOVA 57% 23% 7% 13% 246 West 34% 56% 4% 7% 135 South Central 40% 49% 2% 9% 154 Tidewater 46% 34% 3% 16% 180 Gender Male 38% 49% 2% 11% 420 Female 52% 31% 6% 11% 418

Age 18-34 45% 41% 9% 5% 79 35-44 52% 40% 1% 8% 74 45-64 44% 38% 1% 16% 337 65 and over 44% 41% 3% 12% 348 Education High school 37% 51% 5% 8% 159 grad or less Some college 42% 39% 5% 14% 207 College 54% 32% 3% 12% 472 graduate or more

Family Income Under $50,000 42% 47% 3% 8% 170 50K to under 46% 41% 4% 8% 215 $100,000 $100,000 or 57% 34% 1% 8% 292 more

Race White 36% 50% 3% 11% 592 Minority 62% 22% 6% 11% 246

Party ID Democrat 87% 6% 3% 4% 256 Republican 9% 81% 1% 8% 202 Independent 40% 39% 6% 15% 362

9 Cells with 0% may have observations but are less than 1%. Cells may add to 99% or 101% due to rounding. 8 Q2a: How important will each of the following be in your vote for president? Is the economy one of the most important issues, a very important issue, a somewhat important issue or a less important issue?

One of the most Very Somewhat Less Don t know / Number of important important important important Refused Cases Likely Voters 32% 50% 16% 3% 0% 714

VA Region Northwest 31% 54% 12% 3% 0% 123 NOVA 29% 52% 16% 3% 0% 246 West 30% 45% 21% 1% 3% 135 South Central 37% 47% 13% 2% 1% 154 Tidewater 24% 59% 10% 7% 0% 180 Gender Male 35% 49% 12% 3% 1% 420 Female 24% 55% 18% 3% 0% 418

Age 18-34 26% 64% 7% 1% 2% 79 35-44 29% 54% 15% 2% 0% 74 45-64 37% 40% 19% 4% 0% 337 65 and over 24% 55% 16% 5% 0% 348

Education High school 23% 58% 14% 4% 2% 159 grad or less Some college 31% 54% 13% 2% 0% 207 College 34% 46% 17% 4% 0% 472 graduate or more

Family Income Under 24% 53% 17% 3% 2% 170 $50,000 50K to under 36% 44% 17% 2% 0% 215 $100,000 $100,000 or 32% 49% 15% 4% 0% 292 more

Race White 29% 51% 16% 2% 1% 592 Minority 31% 53% 12% 5% 0% 246

Party ID Democrat 20% 58% 20% 3% 0% 256 Republican 42% 48% 8% 2% 0% 202 Independent 27% 51% 16% 5% 1% 362

9 Q2b: How important will each of the following be in your vote for president? Is health care one of the most important issues, a very important issue, a somewhat important issue or a less important issue?

One of the most Very Somewhat Less Don t know / Number of important important important important Refused Cases Likely Voters 26% 44% 21% 9% 0% 714

VA Region Northwest 19% 47% 19% 16% 0% 123 NOVA 36% 36% 19% 10% 0% 246 West 30% 40% 26% 4% 0% 135 South Central 25% 49% 21% 4% 0% 154 Tidewater 22% 51% 19% 7% 0% 180 Gender Male 24% 39% 24% 12% 0% 420 Female 31% 48% 17% 4% 0% 418

Age 18-34 24% 46% 24% 7% 0% 79 35-44 32% 41% 20% 7% 0% 74 45-64 30% 39% 19% 11% 0% 337 65 and over 25% 49% 20% 6% 0% 348

Education High school 25% 54% 13% 9% 0% 159 grad or less Some college 33% 42% 19% 6% 0% 207 College 26% 38% 27% 9% 0% 472 graduate or more

Family Income Under 30% 49% 16% 5% 0% 170 $50,000 50K to under 29% 43% 18% 10% 0% 215 $100,000 $100,000 or 26% 38% 25% 11% 0% 292 more

Race White 23% 40% 27% 10% 0% 592 Minority 37% 51% 9% 4% 0% 246

Party ID Democrat 44% 49% 6% 1% 0% 256 Republican 13% 42% 31% 14% 0% 202 Independent 24% 44% 25% 7% 0% 362

10 Q2c: How important will each of the following be in your vote for president? Is the coronavirus outbreak one of the most important issues, a very important issue, a somewhat important issue or a less important issue?

One of the most Very Somewhat Less Don t know / Number of important important important important Refused Cases Likely Voters 34% 32% 15% 18% 1% 714

VA Region Northwest 16% 35% 25% 16% 6% 123 NOVA 45% 28% 15% 12% 0% 246 West 25% 33% 17% 26% 0% 135 South Central 38% 23% 18% 21% 0% 154 Tidewater 26% 42% 17% 12% 2% 180 Gender Male 31% 24% 17% 25% 3% 420 Female 33% 40% 18% 8% 0% 418

Age 18-34 26% 29% 23% 21% 2% 79 35-44 50% 26% 12% 12% 0% 74 45-64 34% 30% 15% 18% 3% 337 65 and over 29% 40% 19% 12% 0% 348

Education High school 30% 31% 21% 15% 3% 159 grad or less Some college 27% 34% 21% 17% 0% 207 College 37% 31% 13% 17% 1% 472 graduate or more

Family Income Under 25% 40% 21% 13% 2% 170 $50,000 50K to under 37% 25% 17% 18% 4% 215 $100,000 $100,000 or 36% 35% 11% 18% 0% 292 more

Race White 29% 30% 19% 20% 2% 592 Minority 38% 35% 15% 10% 1% 246

Party ID Democrat 52% 37% 9% 1% 0% 256 Republican 12% 31% 27% 30% 1% 202 Independent 32% 31% 18% 19% 0% 362

11 Q2d: How important will each of the following be in your vote for president? Is systemic racism one of the most important issues, a very important issue, a somewhat important issue or a less important issue?

One of the most Very Somewhat Less Don t know / Number of important important important important Refused Cases Likely Voters 21% 33% 21% 21% 4% 714

VA Region Northwest 28% 32% 18% 18% 5% 123 NOVA 23% 41% 16% 18% 2% 246 West 23% 24% 20% 28% 4% 135 South Central 20% 34% 24% 21% 1% 154 Tidewater 22% 35% 20% 17% 5% 180 Gender Male 18% 31% 19% 29% 3% 420 Female 28% 38% 19% 11% 4% 418

Age 18-34 27% 35% 17% 19% 2% 79 35-44 35% 38% 9% 17% 0% 74 45-64 25% 33% 20% 21% 2% 337 65 and over 12% 34% 24% 21% 9% 348

Education High school 21% 38% 18% 19% 4% 159 grad or less Some college 21% 33% 18% 22% 5% 207 College 26% 32% 21% 19% 2% 472 graduate or more

Family Income Under 25% 34% 16% 19% 6% 170 $50,000 50K to under 24% 37% 19% 20% 1% 215 $100,000 $100,000 or 29% 30% 20% 21% 0% 292 more

Race White 17% 32% 21% 26% 3% 592 Minority 34% 39% 15% 8% 3% 246

Party ID Democrat 43% 44% 10% 3% 0% 256 Republican 6% 23% 31% 37% 3% 202 Independent 18% 37% 20% 22% 3% 362

12 Q2e: How important will each of the following be in your vote for president? Is police reform one of the most important issues, a very important issue, a somewhat important issue or a less important issue?

One of the most Very Somewhat Less Don t know / Number of important important important important Refused Cases Likely Voters 18% 38% 26% 18% 1% 714

VA Region Northwest 12% 35% 28% 25% 0% 123 NOVA 20% 44% 17% 19% 0% 246 West 22% 31% 21% 26% 1% 135 South Central 14% 38% 26% 20% 2% 154 Tidewater 17% 43% 27% 13% 1% 180

Gender Male 16% 31% 25% 28% 0% 420 Female 19% 47% 21% 12% 1% 418

Age 18-34 17% 38% 23% 21% 0% 79 35-44 18% 47% 17% 18% 0% 74 45-64 18% 36% 24% 22% 0% 337 65 and over 16% 41% 24% 17% 3% 348

Education High school 13% 46% 21% 19% 1% 159 grad or less Some college 23% 37% 20% 19% 2% 207 College 17% 35% 27% 21% 0% 472 graduate or more

Family Income Under 19% 42% 16% 22% 1% 170 $50,000 50K to under 16% 39% 20% 25% 0% 215 $100,000 $100,000 or 20% 34% 29% 17% 0% 292 more

Race White 11% 36% 26% 25% 1% 592 Minority 28% 44% 17% 10% 1% 246

Party ID Democrat 29% 48% 17% 5% 0% 256 Republican 9% 24% 36% 32% 1% 202 Independent 15% 42% 20% 21% 1% 362

13 Q2f: How important will each of the following be in your vote for president? Is immigration one of the most important issues, a very important issue, a somewhat important issue or a less important issue?

One of the most Very Somewhat Less Don t know / Number of important important important important Refused Cases Likely Voters 12% 43% 30% 14% 1% 714

VA Region Northwest 7% 40% 27% 26% 0% 123 NOVA 15% 44% 29% 12% 1% 246 West 12% 35% 32% 17% 4% 135 South Central 7% 40% 35% 14% 3% 154 Tidewater 12% 36% 34% 17% 1% 180

Gender Male 8% 37% 34% 19% 1% 420 Female 15% 41% 29% 13% 2% 418

Age 18-34 8% 40% 39% 13% 0% 79 35-44 15% 38% 37% 10% 0% 74 45-64 13% 36% 28% 22% 2% 337 65 and over 12% 44% 26% 14% 4% 348

Education High school 12% 32% 32% 21% 3% 159 grad or less Some college 9% 44% 34% 12% 1% 207 College 12% 42% 29% 16% 1% 472 graduate or more

Family Income Under 14% 38% 27% 20% 1% 170 $50,000 50K to under 12% 35% 41% 12% 0% 215 $100,000 $100,000 or 12% 36% 33% 19% 1% 292 more

Race White 10% 37% 31% 20% 2% 592 Minority 14% 43% 32% 9% 1% 246

Party ID Democrat 14% 44% 33% 8% 1% 256 Republican 9% 42% 31% 17% 1% 202 Independent 11% 35% 33% 18% 2% 362

14

Q3: Do you approve or disapprove of the way that Donald Trump is handling the government response to the coronavirus pandemic? Do you feel that way strongly or somewhat?

Strongly Somewhat Somewhat Strongly Don t know / Number of approve approve disapprove disapprove Refused Cases All Adults 29% 14% 10% 45% 4% 838

VA Region Northwest 47% 9% 2% 40% 2% 123 NOVA 17% 10% 11% 58% 3% 246 West 39% 14% 8% 35% 4% 135 South Central 28% 18% 11% 40% 2% 154 Tidewater 24% 16% 13% 40% 6% 180

Gender Male 34% 16% 11% 36% 3% 420 Female 23% 11% 9% 53% 4% 418

Age 18-34 27% 17% 18% 38% 1% 79 35-44 21% 10% 18% 49% 2% 74 45-64 32% 13% 5% 47% 4% 337 65 and over 20% 14% 4% 46% 6% 348

Education High school 39% 10% 14% 35% 3% 159 grad or less Some college 26% 17% 7% 45% 5% 207 College 22% 14% 8% 52% 3% 472 graduate or more

Family Income Under 33% 11% 14% 38% 3% 170 $50,000 50K to under 32% 14% 9% 43% 2% 215 $100,000 $100,000 or 19% 14% 10% 55% 2% 292 more

Race White 36% 16% 6% 39% 4% 592 Minority 15% 10% 17% 56% 3% 246

Party ID Democrat 1% 4% 10% 86% 0% 256 Republican 63% 15% 7% 13% 3% 202 Independent 27% 20% 11% 38% 4% 362

15 Q4: Do you approve or disapprove of the way that Virginia Governor Ralph Northam is handling the government response to the coronavirus pandemic? Do you feel that way strongly or somewhat?

Strongly Somewhat Somewhat Strongly Don t know / Number of approve approve disapprove disapprove Refused Cases All Adults 31% 30% 10% 24% 5% 838

VA Region Northwest 24% 26% 7% 42% 1% 123 NOVA 33% 35% 12% 14% 6% 246 West 23% 28% 5% 39% 6% 135 South Central 33% 24% 15% 23% 5% 154 Tidewater 35% 33% 9% 18% 5% 180

Gender Male 30% 28% 12% 27% 3% 420 Female 31% 32% 9% 21% 7% 418

Age 18-34 18% 34% 16% 27% 5% 79 35-44 36% 23% 13% 19% 9% 74 45-64 36% 30% 6% 25% 4% 337 65 and over 33% 28% 10% 23% 5% 348

Education High school 25% 25% 13% 29% 8% 159 grad or less Some college 29% 37% 7% 22% 4% 207 College 36% 29% 11% 22% 3% 472 graduate or more

Family Income Under 29% 21% 10% 29% 10% 170 $50,000 50K to under 33% 32% 11% 23% 1% 215 $100,000 $100,000 or 36% 34% 8% 18% 3% 292 more

Race White 23% 29% 11% 32% 5% 592 Minority 44% 31% 9% 11% 4% 246

Party ID Democrat 51% 37% 5% 5% 2% 256 Republican 12% 27% 10% 48% 3% 202 Independent 28% 26% 14% 25% 7% 362

16 Q5: How much do you think the practice of wearing a mask helps to slow the spread of coronavirus in the U.S.? Is it helping a lot, helping a little, not too much or not at all?

Helping a Helping a Not helping Not helping Don t know / Number of lot little too much at all Refused Cases All Adults 50% 21% 9% 9% 2% 838

VA Region Northwest 46% 19% 21% 13% 1% 123 NOVA 73% 16% 5% 6% 1% 246 West 49% 32% 3% 14% 2% 135 South Central 63% 15% 14% 7% 2% 154 Tidewater 57% 23% 8% 6% 6% 180

Gender Male 56% 19% 12% 11% 1% 420 Female 63% 22% 6% 6% 3% 418

Age 18-34 42% 28% 12% 16% 3% 79 35-44 56% 29% 10% 5% 1% 74 45-64 64% 16% 9% 9% 2% 337 65 and over 74% 16% 6% 2% 2% 348

Education High school 45% 29% 11% 11% 4% 159 grad or less Some college 61% 23% 5% 10% 1% 207 College 71% 13% 10% 6% 1% 472 graduate or more

Family Income Under 51% 27% 7% 15% 1% 170 $50,000 50K to under 63% 12% 15% 9% 1% 215 $100,000 $100,000 or 70% 15% 8% 7% 1% 292 more

Race White 56% 22% 11% 9% 1% 592 Minority 66% 18% 6% 7% 4% 246

Party ID Democrat 76% 18% 3% 0% 3% 256 Republican 44% 31% 10% 14% 2% 202 Independent 60% 17% 11% 11% 2% 362

17 Q6: Which statement comes closer to your own view even if neither is exactly right?

Blacks in the U.S. are treated as fairly as Changes need to be Don’t Number of whites made know/Refused Cases All Adults 35% 59% 7% 838

VA Region Northwest 37% 56% 7% 123 NOVA 29% 65% 6% 246 West 49% 45% 6% 135 South Central 40% 52% 7% 154 Tidewater 24% 67% 9% 180

Gender Male 41% 53% 7% 420 Female 28% 64% 8% 418

Age 18-34 44% 53% 3% 79 35-44 28% 68% 4% 74 45-64 33% 60% 7% 337 65 and over 30% 58% 12% 348

Education High school 46% 49% 5% 159 grad or less Some college 32% 57% 11% 207 College 27% 67% 6% 472 graduate or more

Family Income Under 42% 51% 7% 170 $50,000 50K to under 35% 62% 3% 215 $100,000 $100,000 or 28% 70% 2% 292 more

Race White 41% 51% 7% 592 Minority 22% 71% 7% 246

Party ID Democrat 4% 93% 3% 256 Republican 63% 31% 6% 202 Independent 40% 52% 8% 362

18 Q7: Although some monuments have been removed recently, thinking about the remaining monuments to Confederate figures in Virginia, which of the following courses of action do you favor?

Leave them in Add Relocate to Remove all Don t know / Number of place context museums together Refused Cases All Adults 32% 15% 38% 14% 2% 838

VA Region Northwest 37% 20% 34% 9% 0% 123 NOVA 21% 14% 46% 18% 2% 246 West 48% 14% 33% 4% 2% 135 South Central 37% 16% 37% 9% 1% 154 Tidewater 27% 15% 34% 22% 2% 180

Gender Male 36% 16% 32% 15% 2% 420 Female 28% 15% 43% 13% 1% 418

Age 18-34 32% 11% 43% 13% 0% 79 35-44 25% 19% 31% 24% 1% 74 45-64 30% 16% 39% 14% 2% 337 65 and over 36% 18% 33% 9% 3% 348

Education High school 43% 9% 36% 11% 1% 159 grad or less Some college 27% 18% 40% 13% 2% 207 College 26% 18% 37% 17% 1% 472 graduate or more

Family Income Under 43% 10% 38% 9% 0% 170 $50,000 50K to under 32% 16% 40% 12% 1% 215 $100,000 $100,000 or 24% 18% 40% 17% 1% 292 more

Race White 37% 17% 36% 7% 2% 592 Minority 22% 12% 40% 26% 1% 246

Party ID Democrat 6% 11% 52% 29% 1% 256 Republican 60% 17% 20% 3% 0% 202 Independent 34% 17% 39% 9% 2% 362

Perception of As fairly 65% 17% 14% 3% 1% 236 treatment of Need changes 11% 15% 54% 20% 1% 533 Blacks vs. whites

19