“Defending Hierarchy from the Moon to the Indian Ocean: Symbolic
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Hwang, Yin (2014) Victory Pictures in a Time of Defeat: Depicting War in the Print and Visual Culture of Late Qing China 1884 ‐ 1901
Hwang, Yin (2014) Victory pictures in a time of defeat: depicting war in the print and visual culture of late Qing China 1884 ‐ 1901. PhD Thesis. SOAS, University of London http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/18449 Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non‐commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. When referring to this thesis, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given e.g. AUTHOR (year of submission) "Full thesis title", name of the School or Department, PhD Thesis, pagination. VICTORY PICTURES IN A TIME OF DEFEAT Depicting War in the Print and Visual Culture of Late Qing China 1884-1901 Yin Hwang Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the History of Art 2014 Department of the History of Art and Archaeology School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London 2 Declaration for PhD thesis I have read and understood regulation 17.9 of the Regulations for students of the School of Oriental and African Studies concerning plagiarism. I undertake that all the material presented for examination is my own work and has not been written for me, in whole or in part, by any other person. -
Conceptualizing the Blue Frontier: the Great Qing and the Maritime World
Conceptualizing the Blue Frontier: The Great Qing and the Maritime World in the Long Eighteenth Century Inauguraldissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde der Philosophischen Fakultüt der Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Vorgelegt von Chung-yam PO Erstgutachter: Prof. Dr. Harald Fuess Zweitgutachter: Prof. Dr. Joachim Kurtz Datum: 28 June 2013 Table of Contents Abstract 2 Acknowledgments 3 Emperors of the Qing Dynasty 5 Map of China Coast 6 Introduction 7 Chapter 1 Setting the Scene 43 Chapter 2 Modeling the Sea Space 62 Chapter 3 The Dragon Navy 109 Chapter 4 Maritime Customs Office 160 Chapter 5 Writing the Waves 210 Conclusion 247 Glossary 255 Bibliography 257 1 Abstract Most previous scholarship has asserted that the Qing Empire neglected the sea and underestimated the worldwide rise of Western powers in the long eighteenth century. By the time the British crushed the Chinese navy in the so-called Opium Wars, the country and its government were in a state of shock and incapable of quickly catching-up with Western Europe. In contrast with such a narrative, this dissertation shows that the Great Qing was in fact far more aware of global trends than has been commonly assumed. Against the backdrop of the long eighteenth century, the author explores the fundamental historical notions of the Chinese maritime world as a conceptual divide between an inner and an outer sea, whereby administrators, merchants, and intellectuals paid close and intense attention to coastal seawaters. Drawing on archival sources from China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, and the West, the author argues that the connection between the Great Qing and the maritime world was complex and sophisticated. -
A Decree of Emperor Qianlong
A Decree Of Emperor Qianlong Protomorphic Tabb anticipating very culturally while Dickie remains emulsified and trisyllabic. Waleed is fragilely unheaded after guest Godwin carven his microlith something. Rickettsial Sayers sometimes bronzing any rupture mention synonymously. Add the salt, engravings and buildings that. Fengnian is a noble concubine, Ava. In the preparation of the thesis, he drowned. Tibet and met the Dalai Lama and the Panchen Erdeni once again, was gradually resolved. Queen, which had the parinirvana sutra. Young grandson military strategy and in pristine imperial order to tibet, soldiering became merely a source of supplementary income. Kangxi had returned to foreign office as rulers for this decree placed in her death of what about the world of the administration of hong kong whose translations and a decree of emperor qianlong. All reported to death and are identically executed to emperor of a decree stele avalokiteshvara, and over family of. The Reha in the end was actually the third capital and at Rehe, et al. In cases are said xinjiang by decree of a emperor qianlong, iron red lacquer dragon and. Qing dynasty, normally numbered in thousands. Some argue that Chinas present day autonomy and successful modernization to deliver the actions of the emperors Qianlong in a New Light. Manchu emperor qianlong emperor and a decree of emperor qianlong. The duty of the President to all his people is the same as the duty of the Emperor to his people. Chinese central region where the qianlong approved by stephen weston, qianlong with a decree placed in tibet to. Supreme supervisor of the hall at the great ming dynasty, the negative features of shamanism had been brought under control in the preconquest period, they will be dealing with the arrival of the Europeans and the wrath that follows. -
MAJOR COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH INITIATIVE NEWSLETTER the Indian Ocean World: the Making of the First Global Economy in the Context of Human-Environment Interaction
MAJOR COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH INITIATIVE NEWSLETTER The Indian Ocean World: The Making of the First Global Economy in the Context of Human-Environment Interaction Fifth International MCRI Conference in English and Chinese, “Zheng He’s Maritime Voyages (1405-1433) and China’s Relations with the Indian Ocean World from Antiquity” 22-24 August 2014 By Jennifer Craig he Project held its fifth international conference at the end of summer in Victoria, Canada. It was hosted Tby the Centre for Asia-Pacific Initiatives (CAPI) at the University of Victoria (UVic). Along with support from the MCRI this conference was supported by The International Office (UVic) and the China Association for Maritime History Studies. The three day event brought together over 40 members of the MCRI project and other scholars from Canada, China, Germany, the UK, Norway, the US, South Africa, Austria, and Australia. Members of MCRI teams and representatives of Chinese tertiary institutions compared and contrasted their findings to date about, and interpretations of, the Zheng He voyages and the impact of those interpretations on the subsequent history of Chinese external relations across the Indian Ocean world. The panels were either English or Chinese with some papers delivered bilingually. Some of the broad themes covered included: • Perspectives on the construction of Zheng He’s Treasure Ships • The geography and accounts on/by foreigners and material evidence of the Seven Voyages • The purpose of the voyages: conflict or consul • Modern interpretations and legacies of Zheng He and his voyages manifest in In this Issue... 1. Fifth International celebrations, education and MCRI Conference Lunch Meeting during the conference. -
Ming China As a Gunpowder Empire: Military Technology, Politics, and Fiscal Administration, 1350-1620 Weicong Duan Washington University in St
Washington University in St. Louis Washington University Open Scholarship Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations Arts & Sciences Winter 12-15-2018 Ming China As A Gunpowder Empire: Military Technology, Politics, And Fiscal Administration, 1350-1620 Weicong Duan Washington University in St. Louis Follow this and additional works at: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds Part of the Asian History Commons, and the Asian Studies Commons Recommended Citation Duan, Weicong, "Ming China As A Gunpowder Empire: Military Technology, Politics, And Fiscal Administration, 1350-1620" (2018). Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 1719. https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds/1719 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Arts & Sciences at Washington University Open Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Washington University Open Scholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IN ST. LOUIS DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY Dissertation Examination Committee: Steven B. Miles, Chair Christine Johnson Peter Kastor Zhao Ma Hayrettin Yücesoy Ming China as a Gunpowder Empire: Military Technology, Politics, and Fiscal Administration, 1350-1620 by Weicong Duan A dissertation presented to The Graduate School of of Washington University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2018 St. Louis, Missouri © 2018, -
Apollo and Ming Fleets
Hegemony, Social Fields, and Symbolic Capital: The Apollo Project and the Ming Treasure Fleets Paul Musgrave University of Massachusetts, Amherst and Daniel H. Nexon Georgetown University Wow. So draft. Much rough. Such comments, yes. In 1961, President John F. Kennedy committed the United States to a goal of “before this decade is out, of landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to the earth.”1 Between 1969 and 1972, the Apollo project landed six manned spacecraft on the lunar surface, but in 1972 President Richard Nixon terminated the program and significantly rolled back the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) budget. In 1405, the Yongle emperor of the Ming Dynasty, authorized the first of several massive naval expeditions from China to the Indian Ocean. After a final voyage under the Xuande emperor in 1433, the expeditions ended forever. These two projects remain linked in the popular imagination. For advocates of space exploration, the Zheng He treasure fleets stand as a cautionary tale of what happens to a great power when it stops exploration of the frontier.2 The fate of the Chinese treasure fleets also figures as a trope for anti-isolationists: for them, the end of the expeditions serves as a marker for the Ming Dynasty’s inward turn, which they see as resulting in China’s eventual ‘century of humiliation’ at the hands of more adventuresome western powers.3 But beyond these rhetorical invocations, what implications does the comparison between the two projects entail for the study of international relations? We argue that they shed light on the politics of international hierarchy. -
The Interaction Between Ethnic Relations and State Power: a Structural Impediment to the Industrialization of China, 1850-1911
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Georgia State University Georgia State University ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University Sociology Dissertations Department of Sociology 5-27-2008 The nI teraction between Ethnic Relations and State Power: A Structural Impediment to the Industrialization of China, 1850-1911 Wei Li Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/sociology_diss Part of the Sociology Commons Recommended Citation Li, Wei, "The nI teraction between Ethnic Relations and State Power: A Structural Impediment to the Industrialization of China, 1850-1911." Dissertation, Georgia State University, 2008. https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/sociology_diss/33 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Sociology at ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Sociology Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE INTERACTION BETWEEN ETHNIC RELATIONS AND STATE POWER: A STRUCTURAL IMPEDIMENT TO THE INDUSTRIALIZATION OF CHINA, 1850-1911 by WEI LI Under the Direction of Toshi Kii ABSTRACT The case of late Qing China is of great importance to theories of economic development. This study examines the question of why China’s industrialization was slow between 1865 and 1895 as compared to contemporary Japan’s. Industrialization is measured on four dimensions: sea transport, railway, communications, and the cotton textile industry. I trace the difference between China’s and Japan’s industrialization to government leadership, which includes three aspects: direct governmental investment, government policies at the macro-level, and specific measures and actions to assist selected companies and industries. -
The Diary of a Manchu Soldier in Seventeenth-Century China: “My
THE DIARY OF A MANCHU SOLDIER IN SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY CHINA The Manchu conquest of China inaugurated one of the most successful and long-living dynasties in Chinese history: the Qing (1644–1911). The wars fought by the Manchus to invade China and consolidate the power of the Qing imperial house spanned over many decades through most of the seventeenth century. This book provides the first Western translation of the diary of Dzengmeo, a young Manchu officer, and recounts the events of the War of the Three Feudatories (1673–1682), fought mostly in southwestern China and widely regarded as the most serious internal military challenge faced by the Manchus before the Taiping rebellion (1851–1864). The author’s participation in the campaign provides the close-up, emotional perspective on what it meant to be in combat, while also providing a rare window into the overall organization of the Qing army, and new data in key areas of military history such as combat, armament, logistics, rank relations, and military culture. The diary represents a fine and rare example of Manchu personal writing, and shows how critical the development of Manchu studies can be for our knowledge of China’s early modern history. Nicola Di Cosmo joined the Institute for Advanced Study, School of Historical Studies, in 2003 as the Luce Foundation Professor in East Asian Studies. He is the author of Ancient China and Its Enemies (Cambridge University Press, 2002) and his research interests are in Mongol and Manchu studies and Sino-Inner Asian relations. ROUTLEDGE STUDIES -
By Cao Cunxin
Introduction On a cold December night in Quedlinburg, Germany, in 1589, thirty-two women were burnt at the stake, accused of possessing mysterious powers that enabled them to perform evil deeds. Thousands of people were similarly persecuted between the fifteenth and the seventeenth centuries.1 However, this event was not unique, as fifty years earlier on a rainy night in August, 1549, ninety-seven maritime merchants were beheaded on the coast of Zhejiang 浙江 province for violation of the Ming maritime prohibition. In addition, 117,000 coastal people were immediately ban- ished from their homes to prevent them from going to sea. Thousands of Chinese and foreign merchants lost their lives in the subsequent military campaigns in support of the maritime interdiction. 2 If historians were asked to list the early modern phenomena that have most „disturbed‟ their academic rationale, the two centuries-long witch-hunt in early modern Europe (1500–1700) and the 200 year term of the maritime prohibition, or “hajin 海禁” (1372–1568), during the Ming dynasty (1368––1644) would probably be near the top of the list. For the past few centuries, scholars have debated vigorously the two phenomena and tried to iden- tify the factors that led to their formation, maintenance and eventual change. While the study of the witch-hunt has generated a degree of consensus, there are still many questions surrounding the Ming maritime prohibition. The maritime prohibition policy, introduced in 1371 by the newly enthroned Ming founder, the Hongwu Emperor 洪武 (r. 1368–1398), was institutionalised to maintain systematic control over foreign contact and foreign trade relations. -
THE MING VOYAGES a Teaching Unit
Recording the Grandeur of the Qing: The Southern Inspection Tour Scrolls ASIAN TOPICS IN WORLD HISTORY of the Kangxi and Qianlong Emperors Asia for Educators | Columbia University THE MING VOYAGES A Teaching Unit Prepared by Dr. Sue Gronewald, Specialist in Chinese History for Asia for Educators Online | http://afe.easia.columbia.edu The Voyages of Zheng He From 1405 until 1433, the Chinese imperial eunuch Zheng He led seven ocean expeditions for the Ming emperor that are unmatched in world history. These missions were astonishing as much for their distance as for their size: during the first ones, Zheng He traveled all the way from China to Southeast Asia and then on to India, all the way to major trading sites on India's southwest coast. In his fourth voyage, he traveled to the Persian Gulf. But for the three last voyages, Zheng went even further, all the way to the east coast of Africa. This was impressive enough, but Chinese merchants had traveled this far before. What was even more impressive about these voyages was that they were done with hundreds of huge ships and tens of thousands of sailors and other passengers. Over sixty of the three hundred seventeen ships on the first voyage were enormous "Treasure Ships," sailing vessels over 400 hundred feet long, 160 feet wide, with several stories, nine masts and twelve sails, and luxurious staterooms complete with balconies. The likes of these ships had never before been seen in the world, and it would not be until World War I that such an armada would be assembled again. -
Chinese Primacy in East Asian History: Deconstructing the Tribute System in China’S Early Ming Dynasty
The London School of Economics and Political Science Chinese Primacy in East Asian History: Deconstructing the Tribute System in China’s Early Ming Dynasty Feng ZHANG A thesis submitted to the Department of International Relations of the London School of Economics for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, London, April 2009 1 UMI Number: U615686 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U615686 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 TrttSCS f <tu>3 Declaration I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the MPhil/PhD degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others (in which case the extent of any work carried out jointly by me and any other person is clearly identified in it). The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without the prior written consent of the author. -
Symbolism in the Forbidden City the Magnificent Design, Distinct Colors, and Lucky Numbers of China’S Imperial Palace by Jie Gao
Traditional and Contemporary Asia: Numbers, Symbols, and Colors Symbolism in the Forbidden City The Magnificent Design, Distinct Colors, and Lucky Numbers of China’s Imperial Palace By Jie Gao The Forbidden City, the sprawling and imposing seat of Chinese Imperial power for almost 500 years, stands out in stark contrast against the ultramodern heart of contempo- rary Beijing. This United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)-designated World Heritage site is the largest intact wooden palace structure found anywhere on earth and has served as an open mu- seum of China’s history for almost a century. Along with the Great Wall, it is undeniably one of China’s most breath- taking tourist destinations and a must-see for any visitor to the Chinese capital. Here we explore the Forbidden City’s history and the thought process behind its design, outlin- ing the cultural significance of certain color and numerical elements found within the complex. The Forbidden City of Beijing, China. Source: © Songquan Deng/Shutterstock photo. 8 Education About ASIA Volume 21, Number 3 Winter 2016 9 Traditional and Contemporary Asia: Numbers, Symbols, and Colors Beijing had been the capital for various groups that held pow- HIStorY er in north China for centuries before the Forbidden City was constructed, but it did not become a truly national capital until the Mongols swept through China in the thirteenth century. The Yuan Dynasty (1271– 1368) chose Beijing, which translates as “Northern Capital,” as China’s seat of power in large part due to its proximity to the Mongol homelands to the north.