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植物研究雑誌 J. J. Jpn. Bo t. 69: 69: 29 0- 319 (1994) Taxonomic Revision of the Genus Filipendula Mill. (Rosaceae) Ivan Ivan A. SCHANZER Main Main Botanical Garden ，Russian Academy of Sciences Botanicheskaya 4 Botanicheskaya Str. ，Moscow ， 127276 RUSSIA (Received (Received on J組 U 紅 Y 31 ， 1994) 百le genus Filipendula is taxonomically revised. 1t consists of 15 species distributed in temperate areas of 血 eNorthern Hemisphere. Th e genus is divided into four sections defined on mo 叩hological and geographical data.Filij フendula seems to have evolved mainly geographic through speciation during migrations and isolations in in the late Miocene to Pleistocene. Th e main implied migration routes 台om North America to East Asia and farther farther westward via Himalaya and Siberia ，as well as distribution and variability pattems of the species ， and their relationships relationships are discussed. A key and a census of the Filipendula species are presen t. The genus Filipendula Mill. consists of 15 species Materials and Methods of of perennial herbs distributed over the m 吋or part of Th is revision is based mainly on the collections of the the temperate zone of the Northem Hemisphere. following Herbaria: E ，GH ，K ，LE ，MAK ，MHA ，MO ， Filipendula Filipendula was established as a separate genus from MOSP ，MW ，PE ，SHIN ，TI ，US ，VLA ，WTU. In total Spiraea Spiraea L. by Maximowicz (1879) ，who transferred it 1911 herbarium specimens hav~ been studied. from the Spiraeae to the Sanguisorbeae tribe ，印.ぷi e Th e field work was carried out in European Russia Ro 凶so 凶id 白ea 鵠ei 泊nmodem 問sen 恥ce. Since then ， the position (1 98 6- 1991) and the Russian Far East (1 985 ，1987- of of the genus has been discussed repeatedl y (J uel1918 ， 1989). Seven species ，viz. F. ulmaria (L.) Maxim. ， F. Sterling Sterling 1966 ，Baker and Baker 1967 ， Savile 1968) ， stepposa Juz. ， F. vulgaris 乱10ench ， F. angustiloba and now the majority of the authors places it in (Turcz.) Maxim. ， F. palmata (Pall.) Maxim. ， F. Rosoideae ， though in a separate tribe Ulmarieae. glaberrima Nakai andF. cα mtschatica (Pall.) Maxim. Taxonomic revisions of Filipendula have been have been studied in wild. Th e taxonomic transect carriedoutby carriedoutby Juzepczuk(1941 ，1955) ，Shimizu (196 1) method (Skvortsov 1968) has been practised to sam- and Sergievskaya (1 967) ， the latter work has re- ple populations of F. ulmaria ， F. stepposa ， F. mained unpublished. They suggested three different camtschatica ， F. glaberrima and F. palmata x F. treatments treatments of this genus ，each considerably discord- α ngustiloba hybrids. Th is method includes register- ant ant from each other in number of recognized species ing of several selected characters from each plant and pattem of infrageneric classification (Table 1). along an arbitrary profile through a local population This This paper represents an attempt to provide a new of a taxon under consideration to ascertain whether taxonomic treatment of Filipendula on the basis of there exist two or more discrete sympatric forms ， or a more comprehensive data and some new inte 中reta- continuous pattem of variability. tions tions of species distributional pattems. 1 have seen neither living nor herbarium of F. -290- October October 1994 Joumal of Japanese Botany Vo l. 69 No. 5 291 Table Table 1. A comparison of different classifications of Filipendula Juzepczuk(1941 ，1955) Shimizu (1961) Sergievskaya (1967) Schanzer (here) Isubgen.Hypogyna Isubgen.Hypogyna Isubgen.Hypogyna 1 sec t. Hypogyna 1. 1. F. occidentalis 1. F. occident αlis 1. F. occidentalis 1. 1. subgen. Aceraria 11 subgen. Ul maria 11 subgen. Aceraria sect. 1 sect. Schalameya 1 sec t. Schalameya 1 sec t. Aceraria 11 sec t. Schalameya 1. 1. F. kamtschatica 2. F. kamtschatica 2. F. kamtschatica 2. F. camtschatica 2. 2. F. glabra 3. F. glaberrima 3. F. koreana 3. F. glaberrima 3. 3. F. purpurea 4. F. yezoensis 4. F. auriculata 4. F. fomosa 4. 4. F. palmata 5. F. purpurea 5. F. glaberrima 5. F. multijug α 6. 6. F. multijuga 6. F. vestita 6. F. tsuguwoi 7.F.p α lmata 7. F. palmata 7. F. kiraishiensis 8. 8. F. rubr α 8. F. purpurea 11 11 sect. Albicoma 11 sect. Albicoma 11 sec t. Albicoma III sec t. Albicoma 5. 5. F. angustiloba 9. F. angustiloba 9. F. angustilob α 8. F. αngustiloba 6. 6. F. intermedia 10. F. intermedia 9. F. palmata 11. 11. F. rubra 10. F. rubra 11 11 subgen. Ul maria III sec t. Sessilia III sec t. Gymnocarpa 10. 10. F. vestita 12. F.formosa 11. 11. F. kiraishiensis 13. F. kiraishiensis 12. 12. F.formosa 14. F. tsuguwoi 13. 13. F. tsuguwoi 15. F. multijuga 11 11 subgen. Ul maria IV sect. Ul maria III subgen. Ul maria IV sec t. Filipendula 7. 7. F. ulmaria 14. F. ulmari α 16. F. ulmaria 11. F. vestita 8. 8. F. denudata 17. F. denudata 12. F. ulmaria 9. 9. F. stepposa 18. F. stepposa 13. F. stepposa 10. 10. F. megalocarp 。 19. F. megalocarp α 14. F. megalocarpa III III subgen. Eu イilipendula III subgen. Filipendula IV subgen. Filipendula 15. F. vulgaris 11. 11. F. hexapetala 15. F. hexapetala 20. F. hexapetala tsuguwoi Ohw i. Filipendula tsuguwoi is an endemic 九1orphology of of Kyushu and Shikoku Islands in Japan. For mor- Underground organs Filipendula species are phology ，chromosomes and distribution 1 rely upon mainly shortly rhizomatous herbs with sympodially data data available from Ohwi (1954 ， 1965) and Shimizu branching rhizomes. This type of a life fo ロnlconsider (1961) (1961) publications. to be a primary one (Schanzer 1989a). Two groups of Scatter Scatter diagrams and dot maps have been used to deviate species ，however ，from this type (Fig. 1). analyse analyse all the herbarium material available. These Filipendula vulgaris has very peculiar and unusual methods proved to be very informative and provided among the rest of the species root tubers working as a the the main tool in studying pattems of geographical means of storage and vegetative propagation. variability variability and geographical distribution of characters North American F. rubra (Hill) Robins. ，and East in in most of the species. Asian F. palmata ，and F. angustiloba have long thin Chromosome counts were made in root tips of subterranean runners with annual accretion up to 10- seedlings seedlings of F. ulmaria ，F. vulgaris ，F. camtschatica ， 20 cm ，specialized for vegetative expansion and propa- F. glaberrima and F. palmata after Baker and Baker gation. Some plants of these species can rarely pos- (1967) (1967) with minor modifications. Voucher specimens sess rhizomes of the first unspecialized type. are are kept in MHA. Generati νe stalk All the species of Filipendula 292 292 植物研究雑誌第69 巻第5 号 平成 6 年 10 月 have a ribbed hollow stalk ， with the only exception for F. vulg αris ，which has a solid one. Le αif Leaves of Filipendula 訂 e interruptedly p加natisected with palmately lobed terminal segments. 2 Leaves of different species ，however ，can vary sig- nificantly nificantly in size ， as well as in shape and number of segments (Fig. 2). The leaf of F. vulgaris has a small (not larger than lateral lateral segments) 3-10bed terminal segment and nu- merous (usually 7-14 pairs) lateral ones. Other spe- cies cies usually have leaves with terminal segments larger Fig. Fig. 1. Underground rhizomes of Filij フendula (schemati 目 than than lateral ones ，which are not so numerous. cally). cally). Scale bar = 1 cm. 1. Long subterranean runners (F. palmata ， F. angustiloba ， F. rubra). 2. Short rhizome Filipendul αrubra ， F. palm α ta andF. angustiloba ， typical typical for majority of the species. 3. Rhizome and root already already mentioned above for their peculiar rhizomes ， tubers tubers of F. vulgaris. 9 10 解 Fig. Fig. 2. Leaves and stipules of Filipendula. Scale bar = 1 cm. 1. F. camtschatica. 2. F. occidentalis. 3. F. F. glaber ァima. 4. F. multijuga. 5. F. ulmaria. 6. F. stepposa. 7. F. angustiloba. 8. F. palmata. 9. F. vulgaris. vulgaris. 10. F. kiraishiensis. October October 1994 Journa1 of Japanese Botany Vo l. 69 No. 5 293 have have leaves with terminal segments cleft into 7-11 parts. Ovaries contain 2 ovules ， one of which only deeply deeply cut lobes. Lateral segments (1-4 pairs) 訂 e develops into a seed. Flower diameter varies among (2)3-5 (2)3-5 lobed ，too. species from 6 to 15 mm. Flower features 訂 e usually The rest of the species have leaves with 3-5(7) rather constant and taxonomically significant mostly lobed lobed terminal segments and 1-6 pairs of lanceolate ， at a leve species l. Some of these characters 訂 e listed sometimes sometimes deeply se 町 ate ， but never lobed lateral below (Fig. 3). ones. ones. Differencies between these species in leaf shape Several more or less distinct types of sepal shape are are not so easy to describe and in case of diagnostic can be distinguished within Filipendula. Long (ca. 5 importance importance they are mentioned in a key below. mm) narrowly triangular acuminate green sepals of F. One more group stands out from the rest of the occidentalis have fairly seen midribs and often 1 to 2 species species for a peculiarity of its leaf venation pattern. 1t teeth. Presence of a sepal midrib is a unique trait of this consists consists of F. ulmaria ， F. stepposa ， F. meg α locarpa species ， and 1 suggest it to be plesiomo 叩hic ， because Juz. ， and F. vulg αris ，whose terminalleaf segments of reduction of a midrib in all other species ，which can have have first pairs of lateral veins always being SUf- possess this character only as a haphazard variation. rounded rounded by lamina tissue but never stripped at the Green sepals of similar size and shape ， but usually base.
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    5월 16일 Plant Taxonomy L ab . 조팝나무 Spiraea prunifolia for. simpliciflora Nakai 벚나무 Prunus serrulata var. spontanea (Maxim.) Wils. 골담초 Caragana sinica (Buchoz) Rehder 박태기나무 Cercis chinensis Bunge 애기똥풀 Chelidonium majus var. asiaticum (Hara) Ohwi • Rosaceae flowers are unspecialized, actinomorphic, and with flat or shallowly cup-shaped corollas. • The showy flowers are variable (hypanthium shape, ovary position, carpel number), the stamens often numerous , and are never really red or blue. • The family is very important for its many fam iliar edibl e fru its an d ornamenta ls. • Several genera are taxonomically complex because of hybridization, polyploidy and/or agamospermy. 장미과 (Rosaceae) • Traditionally, four subfamilies recognized based on fruit type , carpel number and fusion, ovary position and base chromosome number. 조팝나무아과 • Four Traditional Subfamilies in Rosaceae (with their base chromosome numbers): 장미아과 Spiraeoideae (spirea subfamily), x=9 Rosoideae (rose subfamily), x=7 앵도나무아과 Amygdaloideae (peach subfamily), x8 x=8 Maloideae (apple subfamily), x=17 능금아과 BhBase chromosome num bThifdber = The inferred ancestral haploid chromosome number of a taxon. 조팝나무 Spiraea prunifolia for. simpliciflora 국수나무 Stephanandra incisa 딸기 Fragaria ananassa 양지꽃 Potentilla fragarioides var. major 딱지꽃 Potentilla chinensis 복분자딸기Rubus coreanus 줄딸기 Rubus oldhamii 산딸기 Rubus crataegifolius 터리풀 Filipendula palmata var. glabra 오이풀 Sanguisorba officinalis 찔레꽃 Rosa multiflora 해당화 Rosa rugosa Fruit types based on TAXONOMY C.f. • Pome (이과): Apple subfamily, rose family; Rosaceae;an; an indehiscent, fleshy fruit in which in which the outer part is soft and the center contains papery or cartilaginous structure enclosing the seeds. apple, pear Hip: A berry-like structure composed of an enlarged hypanthium surrounding numerous achenes, as in roses.
  • Garden Design with Native Prairie Plants

    Garden Design with Native Prairie Plants

    Prairie Nursery | White Paper Designing Natural Landscapes: Garden Design with Native Prairie Plants CONTENT 1. Ecological Structure of the North American Neil Diboll, Consulting Ecologist Prairie Grassland With over 40 years of experience in research and establishment of 2. Garden Design Principles Using Prairie Plants native plant communities, Neil is an internationally recognized pioneer in 3. Integrating the Prairie Garden into the Landscape the use of North American plants in contemporary landscapes. His designs 3. Weed Control and Maintenance emphasize sustainability, aesthetics, and ecological compatibility with the 3. Plant Usage List for Prairie Gardens land. Neil is a regular keynote speaker on topics such as establishing prairie 6. Conclusion meadows, designing with native plants, and the benefits of converting resource-intensive landscapes into self- sustaining ecological sanctuaries. www.PrairieNursery.com PRAIRIE NURSERY P.O. Box 306, Westfield, WI 53964 1 800-476-9453 PRAIRIE NURSERY blue: #62cbe9 green: #68934d Portada Text : Book Designing Natural Landscapes: Garden Design with Native Prairie Plants Ecological Structure of the North American Prairie Grassland The North American Prairie is a grassland ecosystem. It is composed of hundreds of different flowers and grasses, but is dominated by a few vigorous and adaptable grasses: Botanical Name Common Name Prairie Habitat Andropogon gerardii Big Bluestem Dry to Wet Prairies Bouteloua curtipendula Side Oats Grama Dry Prairies Elymus canadensis Canada Wild Rye Dry to Wet Prairies Panicum virgatum Switchgrass Dry to Wet Prairies Schizachyrium scoparium Little Bluestem Dry to Medium Prairies Sorghastrum nutans Indiangrass Dry to Medium Prairies Sporobolus heterolepis Prairie Dropseed Dry to Medium Prairies Spartina pectinata Prairie Cordgrass Wet Prairies Although dozens of other grasses, sedges (Carex), and rushes (Scirpus) can be found on the American Prairie, the grasses listed above are the most commonly occurring and widespread across the entire prairie region.