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Francis Higginson THE REVEREND FRANCIS HIGGINSON “NARRATIVE HISTORY” AMOUNTS TO FABULATION, THE REAL STUFF BEING MERE CHRONOLOGY Reverend Francis Higginson “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project HDT WHAT? INDEX REVEREND FRANCIS HIGGINSON REVEREND FRANCIS HIGGINSON 1588 John Endecott was born, probably in this year, probably in Devonshire, England. Francis Higginson was born, a son of the Reverend John Higginson. NOBODY COULD GUESS WHAT WOULD HAPPEN NEXT Reverend Francis Higginson “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project HDT WHAT? INDEX REVEREND FRANCIS HIGGINSON REVEREND FRANCIS HIGGINSON 1609 George Herbert was admitted on scholarship to Trinity College of Cambridge University. JESUS COLLEGE TRINITY COLLEGE During this year or the following one, Francis Higginson was receiving his BA degree from Jesus College. DO I HAVE YOUR ATTENTION? GOOD. Reverend Francis Higginson “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project HDT WHAT? INDEX REVEREND FRANCIS HIGGINSON REVEREND FRANCIS HIGGINSON 1613 At the age of 20, George Herbert graduated with the Bachelors degree with distinction, from Trinity College of Cambridge University. Francis Higginson received his MA degree from Jesus College (though the Reverend Mather would suppose he was of Emanuel College). Robert Herrick’s apprenticeship in the goldsmith’s shop of his uncle Sir William Herrick ended after only six years when, age 22, he matriculated at St John’s College. CHANGE IS ETERNITY, STASIS A FIGMENT Reverend Francis Higginson “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project HDT WHAT? INDEX REVEREND FRANCIS HIGGINSON REVEREND FRANCIS HIGGINSON 1615 John Donne was ordained in the Anglican church and later in the year become chaplain to King James I. His beloved Anne died. At about this point Francis Higginson became minister at the parish church of Claybrooke in Leicester. He would, through acquaintance with Arthur Hildersham and Thomas Hooker, become disenchanted with the conformity required by the Church of England and begin to involve himself with the dissenting Puritan congregations. LIFE IS LIVED FORWARD BUT UNDERSTOOD BACKWARD? — NO, THAT’S GIVING TOO MUCH TO THE HISTORIAN’S STORIES. LIFE ISN’T TO BE UNDERSTOOD EITHER FORWARD OR BACKWARD. Reverend Francis Higginson “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project HDT WHAT? INDEX REVEREND FRANCIS HIGGINSON REVEREND FRANCIS HIGGINSON 1616 January 8, Monday (1615, Old Style): The Reverend Francis Higginson got married with Anne Herbert at St Peter’s, Nottingham. During this year the bride would give birth to a son, John Higginson. HDT WHAT? INDEX REVEREND FRANCIS HIGGINSON REVEREND FRANCIS HIGGINSON 1618 Francis Higginson was born, another son of the Reverend Francis Higginson with Mistress Anne Herbert Higginson. After journeying to America, he would return to England and become vicar of Kirkby Stephen in Westmoreland, where he would reside until his death in 1673. HDT WHAT? INDEX REVEREND FRANCIS HIGGINSON REVEREND FRANCIS HIGGINSON 1623 In about this year Ann Higginson was born, daughter of the Reverend Francis Higginson with Mistress Anne Herbert Higginson. She would get married with Thomas Chatfield of Guilford, Connecticut. Edward Winslow went back to England on colonial business, and would return there on business four or five times more, besides the frequent excursions that were required of him to Kennebeck ME, and all the adjoining colony, until 1646. HDT WHAT? INDEX REVEREND FRANCIS HIGGINSON REVEREND FRANCIS HIGGINSON 1628 One of the six “adventurers” of the New England Company for a Plantation in Massachusetts, John Endecott, who had just arrived aboard the Abigail bringing with him the first domestic European apple trees, was chosen to lead some 60 immigrants and settle in the existing white settlement at Naumkeag. Up to this point the white people there, who had split from the Plymouth group, had been led by Roger Conant, and the tradition is that the renaming of the place to Salem indicated the peace which obtained between the previous group and the new group. The Reverend Francis Higginson had left his parish at Claybrooke in Leicester, although he was continuing to preach occasionally in the pulpits of the Church of England. As a dissenter he had refused offers of many excellent livings, choosing to support himself by preparing young men for the university. At this point he was invited by the Massachusetts Bay Company to accompany its expedition to New England. In a later timeframe, the Reverend William Hubbard would have his own imitable comments on this “lustre of years” in the history of New England. CAMBRIDGE HISTORY OF ENGLISH AND AMERICAN LITERATURE READ HUBBARD TEXT Chapter XX. Of the civil polity and form of government of the Massachusetts Company of New England, by Patent; with the sending over their first Agent thither, viz. Mr. J. Endicot, Anno 1628. HDT WHAT? INDEX REVEREND FRANCIS HIGGINSON REVEREND FRANCIS HIGGINSON 1629 Charlestown was settled some nine years after the foundation of the Plymouth Colony, by a group of English Puritans incorporated by royal charter as the Massachusetts Bay Company. The Reverend Francis Higginson was leading a group of 300 settlers (including many of his own congregation) aboard a fleet of five ships. The main body of the Massachusetts Bay Colony would come the following year in the John Winthrop Fleet. Their symbol would be an Indian man clad only in a loincloth saying, “Come over and help us.” THE FUTURE IS MOST READILY PREDICTED IN RETROSPECT Reverend Francis Higginson “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project HDT WHAT? INDEX REVEREND FRANCIS HIGGINSON REVEREND FRANCIS HIGGINSON John Winthrop’s CHRONICLES OF THE FIRST PLANTERS OF THE COLONY OF MASSACHUSETTS BAY, IN NEW ENGLAND, FROM 1623 TO 1635 (some historians have supposed incorrectly that this was penned by the Reverend Francis Higginson). On the Talbot, a vessel of the John Winthrop fleet, the Reverend Francis Higginson recollected, “5 beastly Sodomiticall boys” had confessed to sexual misdeeds. We are entitled to suppose that these were the five whom in 1625 the emigrants had sent back to England, to be hanged there by duly contituted authority — under the law any male over the age of 14 years could be hanged if even suspected of being a Sodomite. HOMOSEXUALITY “Don’t think you are going to conceal faults by concealing evidence that they ever existed.” — Dwight David Eisenhower The name Shalom, Hebrew for “peace,” was selected for the little settlement of whites living with the Native American tribe at Naumkeag. This Shalom is the name, of course, that through pronunciation drift and spelling drift would become “Salem.” When the Reverend Francis Higginson arrived in Shalom suffering from TB, he was served lobsters that weighed in at 25 pounds. Each. [T]he least Boy in the Plantation may both catch and eat what he will of them. For my owne part I was soon cloyed with them, they were so great, and fat, and lussious. The Reverend further reported from Naumkeag that:1 Although New England has no tallow to make candles of, yet by the abundance of the fish thereof, it can afford oil for lamps. Yea, our pine trees, that are most plentiful of all wood, do allow us plenty of candles, which are useful in a house. And they are such candles as the Indians commonly use, having no other; and they are nothing else but the wood of the pine tree cloven in two little slices, something thin, which are so full of the moisture of turpentine and pitch, that they burn as clear as a torch. I think, myself, that they had ought to have named that place Lobster. Give themselves something to aim at. Except, heaven knows what a name like “Lobster in the Bay Colony” would’ve become through pronunciation drift and spelling drift, by now. Maybe “Lersder Maaass”?2 1. The reference is to fish liver oil. The large lamp which contained this was made of tin, had a great wick, and commonly hung at the side of the fireplace. The fish oil would of course eventually be replaced by whale oil, which produced less smoke and odor. 2.“Daddy, whassa lersder?” “Shut up, brat, and eat your clam fries before the fat congeals.” HDT WHAT? INDEX REVEREND FRANCIS HIGGINSON REVEREND FRANCIS HIGGINSON May 1, Friday (Old Style): On the Island of Guernsey in the English Channel, the witch Marguerite Picot (l’Aubaine) was hanged and burnt. Five ships of the Massachusetts Bay Company set sail, with a group of 300 settlers led by the Reverend Francis Higginson. • The Talbot • The George Bonaventure • The Lyon’s Whelp, carrying only provisions • The Four Sisters • The Mayflower (not the same Mayflower as that of the Pilgrims who had disembarked at Plymouth) THE FUTURE CAN BE EASILY PREDICTED IN RETROSPECT May 19, Tuesday (Old Style): A 4-year-old, Mary Higginson, died aboard the Talbot during its passage to the New World. June 24, Wednesday (Old Style): The five ships of the Massachusetts Bay Company arrived in Salem harbor, with a group of 300 settlers led by the Reverend Francis Higginson. There would be five houses in Salem besides that of the Reverend. They were greeted by a small group of settlers led by John Endecott. • The Talbot • The George Bonaventure • The Lyon’s Whelp, carrying only provisions • The Four Sisters • The Mayflower (not the same Mayflower as that of the Pilgrims who had disembarked at Plymouth) Reverend Francis Higginson “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project HDT WHAT? INDEX REVEREND FRANCIS HIGGINSON REVEREND FRANCIS HIGGINSON 1630 August 6, Friday (Old Style): Francis Higginson and Samuel Skelton had begun immediately to minister to their New World flock. The reverend was ordained on this day, and had dreamed up a confession of faith which was immediately assented to by 30 persons. HDT WHAT? INDEX REVEREND FRANCIS HIGGINSON REVEREND FRANCIS HIGGINSON 1631 A portion of the diary of the Reverend Francis Higginson was published under the title NEW-ENGLANDS PLANTATION.
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