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REVIEW of 2018 Amnesty International Is a Global Movement of More Than 7 Million People Who Campaign for a World Where Human Rights Are Enjoyed by All

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REVIEW of 2018 Amnesty International Is a Global Movement of More Than 7 Million People Who Campaign for a World Where Human Rights Are Enjoyed by All HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA REVIEW OF 2018 Amnesty International is a global movement of more than 7 million people who campaign for a world where human rights are enjoyed by all. Our vision is for every person to enjoy all the rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights standards. We are independent of any government, political ideology, economic interest or religion and are funded mainly by our membership and public donations. © Amnesty International 2019 Cover photo: Except where otherwise noted, content in this document is licensed Palestinians run for cover from tear gas during under a Creative Commons (attribution, non-commercial, no derivatives, clashes with Israeli security forces near the border international 4.0) licence. fence between Israel and the Gaza Strip, east of https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode Jabalia, on 14 May 2018, as Palestinians protest For more information please visit the permissions page on our website: over the inauguration of the US embassy following www.amnesty.org its controversial move to Jerusalem. Where material is attributed to a copyright owner other than Amnesty © Mohammed Abed / AFP / Getty Images International this material is not subject to the Creative Commons licence. First published in 2019 by Amnesty International Ltd Peter Benenson House, 1 Easton Street, London WC1X 0DW, UK Index: MDE 01/9433/2019 Original language: English amnesty.org HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA REVIEW OF 2018 CONTENTS REGIONAL OVERVIEW 5 ALGERIA 13 BAHRAIN 16 EGYPT 19 IRAN 23 IRAQ 27 ISRAEL AND THE OCCUPIED PALESTINIAN TERRITORIES 30 JORDAN 34 KUWAIT 37 LEBANON 39 LIBYA 42 MOROCCO/WESTERN SAHARA 46 OMAN 49 PALESTINE (STATE OF) 51 QATAR 54 SAUDI ARABIA 56 SYRIA 60 TUNISIA 64 UNITED ARAB EMIRATES 67 YEMEN 69 HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA 4 REVIEW OF 2018 Amnesty International #TCDKC+PCNNFQ\GPUQHYQOGPJWOCP QVJGTEQWPVTKGUCTTGUVGFCPFRTQUGEWVGF TKIJVUFGHGPFGTUVJGTGYGTGVCTIGVGFHQT RGQRNGHQTVJGKTTGCNQTRGTEGKXGFUGZWCN REGIONAL CFXQECVKPIYQOGPoUTKIJVUQTRTQVGUVKPI QTKGPVCVKQP#TOGFJQUVKNKVKGUKPDQVJ+TCS CICKPUVXKQNGPEGCICKPUVYQOGPQT CPF5[TKCFGETGCUGF#UCTGUWNVHGYGT UGZWCNJCTCUUOGPV#ETQUUVJGTGIKQP EKXKNKCPUYGTGMKNNGFDWVOCP[EQPVKPWGF OVERVIEW CWVJQTKVKGUWUGFCTDKVTCT[FGVGPVKQP VQUWHHGTVJGKORCEVQHUGTKQWUXKQNCVKQPU GZEGUUKXGHQTEGCICKPUVRTQVGUVGTUCPF KPENWFKPIYCTETKOGUEQOOKVVGFD[CNN CFOKPKUVTCVKXGOGCUWTGUVQTGUVTKEV RCTVKGUVQVJGEQPƃKEVUKP.KD[C5[TKC EKXKNUQEKGV[&GURKVGVJGTGRTGUUKQP The killing of Palestinian protesters by CPF;GOGPRCTVKEWNCTN[CUYGNNCUVJG NKMGUCYNKOKVGFRQUKVKXG Israeli forces in Gaza and the murder of FGXCUVCVKPIJWOCPKVCTKCPUKVWCVKQPUVJCV FGXGNQROGPVUCVCNGIKUNCVKXGCPF journalist Jamal Khashoggi in a Saudi CTQUGHTQOQTYGTGGZCEGTDCVGFD[VJGKT KPUVKVWVKQPCNNGXGNYKVJTGURGEVVQ Arabian consulate glaringly illustrated the CEVKQPU5KIPKƂECPVFGXGNQROGPVUCKOGF unaccountability of Middle Eastern and YQOGPoUTKIJVUCPFXKQNGPEGCICKPUV YQOGP&GXGNQROGPVUKP.GDCPQP CVCFFTGUUKPIRCUVXKQNCVKQPUQEEWTTGF North African states that resorted to lethal CPF6WPKUKCTCKUGFHCKPVJQRGUQHVJG KP.GDCPQPCPF6WPKUKC'VJPKECPF and other violence to repress dissent. DGIKPPKPIUQHEJCPIGKPVJGIGPGTCN TGNKIKQWUOKPQTKVKGUHCEGFRGTUGEWVKQP The crackdown on civil society actors UKVWCVKQPKPYJKEJUCOGUGZUGZWCN D[UVCVGUCPFCTOGFITQWRUKPEQWPVTKGU and political opponents increased TGNCVKQPUCTGETKOKPCNK\GFCETQUUVJG KPENWFKPI#NIGTKC'I[RV+TCP+TCSCPF UKIPKƂECPVN[KP'I[RV+TCPCPF5CWFK TGIKQPJQYGXGTCWVJQTKVKGUKPVJGUGCPF 5CWFK#TCDKC An empty water tank and a sabotaged irrigation well on an abandoned farm near Sinune, north of Sinjar mountain, Iraq, September 2018. 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'NUGYJGTGUVCVGUWUGFGZEGUUKXGHQTEGVQ TGRTGUUFGOQPUVTCVKQPU+P+TCPYJGTG LETHAL AND OTHER VIOLENCE VGPUQHVJQWUCPFUQHOGPCPFYQOGP 6YQJGCXKN[OGFKCVK\GFGXGPVUsVJG VQQMVQVJGUVTGGVUVJTQWIJQWVVJG[GCT MKNNKPIQHUEQTGUQH2CNGUVKPKCPRTQVGUVGTU VQRTQVGUVCICKPUVRQXGTV[EQTTWRVKQP D[+UTCGNKHQTEGUKPVJG)C\C5VTKRCPF TGRTGUUKQPCPFCWVJQTKVCTKCPKUOUGEWTKV[ VJGOWTFGTQHLQWTPCNKUV,COCN-JCUJQIIK HQTEGUDGCVWPCTOGFRTQVGUVGTUCPFWUGF KPVJG5CWFK#TCDKCPEQPUWNCVGKP NKXGCOOWPKVKQPVGCTICUCPFYCVGT +UVCPDWN6WTMG[QP1EVQDGTsINCTKPIN[ ECPPQPUCICKPUVVJGOECWUKPIFGCVJU KNNWUVTCVGFVJGWPCEEQWPVCDKNKV[QH/KFFNG CPFKPLWTKGU+P+TCSUGEWTKV[HQTEGUKP 'CUVGTPCPF0QTVJ#HTKECPUVCVGUVJCV $CUTCMKNNGFQXGTCFQ\GPRTQVGUVGTUCPF resorted to lethal and other violence to KPLWTGFJWPFTGFUQHQVJGTUYJGPVJG[ repress dissent. According to a local ƂTGFNKXGCOOWPKVKQPCPFVGCTICUVQ JWOCPTKIJVUQTICPK\CVKQPCVNGCUV FKURGTUGCUGTKGUQHRTQVGUVUFGOCPFKPI YGTGMKNNGFCOQPIVJGOEJKNFTGP GORNQ[OGPVQRRQTVWPKVKGUCPFDGVVGT KPVJG)C\CRTQVGUVUYJKEJUVCTVGFKP RWDNKEUGTXKEGU+PVJG9GUV$CPMCPF /CTEJCPFECNNGFHQTVJGTKIJVVQTGVWTP )C\C5VTKR2CNGUVKPKCPUGEWTKV[HQTEGU A woman stands atop a raised structure in the city of QHTGHWIGGUVQNCPFHTQOYJKEJVJG[YGTG DGCVFGOQPUVTCVQTURGCEGHWNN[RTQVGUVKPI Karaj, Alborz province, and places her headscarf at the end of a stick in one of the peaceful protests against FKURNCEGF[GCTUGCTNKGTCPFCPGPF CICKPUVVJGCEVKQPUQHVJGKTTGURGEVKXG forced hijab (veiling) in Iran in 2018. VQVJG+UTCGNKDNQEMCFGQHVJG)C\C5VTKR CWVJQTKVKGU © White Wednesdays Campaign HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA 6 REVIEW OF 2018 Amnesty International +P'I[RVVJGCWVJQTKVKGUCTDKVTCTKN[ 6JG2CNGUVKPKCPRTGUKFGPVKUUWGFFGETGGU CVVGPVKQPVQVJGRTQJKDKVKQPCPFHCEGFUVCVG CTTGUVGFCVNGCUVRGQRNGUQNGN[HQT VJCVTGUVTKEVGFHTGGFQOQHGZRTGUUKQP RGTUGEWVKQPKPENWFKPIKPCFGXGNQROGPV RGCEGHWNN[GZRTGUUKPIETKVKECNQRKPKQPU CPFRGCEGHWNCUUGODN[CPFNKOKVGFVJG QHDKVVGTKTQP[DGHQTGCPFCHVGTVJGDCPYCU KPENWFKPIOCP[UGPKQTRQNKVKECNƂIWTGU CDKNKV[QHEKXKNUQEKGV[QTICPK\CVKQPUVQ NKHVGFKP6JGIQXGTPOGPVCPPQWPEGF YJQJCFRWDNKEN[ETKVKEK\GFVJGRTGUKFGPV QRGTCVGHTGGN[6JGPGYRGPCNEQFGKP VJCVYQOGPFKFPQVPGGFVJGRGTOKUUKQP QTCVVGORVGFVQTWPCICKPUVJKOKPVJG 1OCPETKOKPCNK\GFHQTOUQHCUUQEKCVKQP QHCOCNGIWCTFKCPVQUVCTVVJGKTQYP presidential elections. They arrested pCKOGFCVEQODCVKPIVJGRQNKVKECN DWUKPGUUDWVKVYCUWPENGCTYJGVJGTVJG QXGTJWOCPTKIJVUFGHGPFGTUKP GEQPQOKEUQEKCNQTUGEWTKV[RTKPEKRNGUQH TGHQTOYCUKORNGOGPVGFKPRTCEVKEG+P UQOGECUGUUWDLGEVKPIVJGOVQGPHQTEGF the state”. IGPGTCNYQOGPYGTGUVKNNTGSWKTGFVQJCXG FKUCRRGCTCPEGHQTRGTKQFUQHWRVQ RGTOKUUKQPHTQOCOCNGIWCTFKCPVQGPTQN FC[U6YQYQOGPYGTGCTTGUVGFCPF #WVJQTKVKGUDCPPGFFGOQPUVTCVKQPU KPJKIJGTGFWECVKQPUGGMGORNQ[OGPV
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