Yunan Ekonomisi Ve Borç Krizi

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Yunan Ekonomisi Ve Borç Krizi T.C. NECMETTİN ERBAKAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ İKTİSAT ANABİLİM DALI İKTİSAT BİLİM DALI YUNAN EKONOMİSİ VE BORÇ KRİZİ MAHMUT SAMİ DURAN YÜKSEK LİSANS DANIŞMAN PROF.DR. MUHSİN KAR KONYA-2015 iii ÖNSÖZ Dünya’nın herhangi bir ülkesinde/bölgesinde meydana gelebilecek siyasal ya da ekonomik anlamda ister olumlu olsun isterse olumsuz bir gelişme, Dünya üzerinde yaşayan tüm gelişmiş ya da azgelişmiş ülkeleri etkileyebilmekte ve bu ülkelerde doğurduğu sonuçlar büyük olabilmektedir. Özellikle bu gelişme Dünya’nın küresel aktörü dediğimiz ABD merkezli olursa, bu gelişmenin tüm Dünya üzerindeki yıkıcılığı giderek daha da şiddetlenmektedir. İşte 2008 yılında ABD de Mortgage sisteminin bozulması sonucu ortaya çıkan küresel kriz ve bunun oluşturduğu ekonomik durgunluk, tüm şiddetiyle Dünya’nın gelişmiş ya da az gelişmiş bütün ekonomilerini etkisi altına almış, bütün dünya ülkeleri az da olsa bu durgunluktan payına düşeni almıştır. Bu anlamda, küresel krizin en çok etkilediği alanlardan birisi de şüphesiz Euro Bölgesi ülkeleri olmuş ve Euro bölgesinin kırılgan ekonomisi olan Yunanistan bu krizden en büyük yara alan ve batma noktasına gelen ülkesi olmuştur. Yunanistan devletinin 1929 krizinden bugüne kadar yaşadığı en büyük krizlerden birisi de bu 2008 krizi olmuş ve Yunanistan ekonomisi 2008-2013 yılları arasında ve günümüzde de dünya gündemini bir hayli meşgul etmiştir. Dünya gündemini bir hayli meşgul eden bu ülkenin, Osmanlı devletinden batılı devletlerin de desteğiyle bağımsızlığını kazanmasından başlayarak ve hangi siyasi ve ekonomik aşamalardan geçerek bu kriz sürecine girdiği ve krizle başa çıkma noktasında alınan tedbirler bu çalışmanın temel çerçevesini oluşturmuştur. Çalışmanın hazırlanmasında kıymetli görüş ve değerlendirmeleri, sevgi ve hoşgörüsü ile beni yönlendiren danışman hocam Sayın Prof. Dr. Muhsin KAR’ a teşekkür ederim. Değerli katkılarıyla çalışmanın hazırlanmasında yardımcı olan Sayın Arş. Gör. Bilal ÖZEL’ e yaptığı abilikten dolayı teşekkür ettiğimi belirtmek isterim. Bu süreçte desteğini her zaman yanımda hissettiğim sevgili abim Sayın Yrd. Doç. Dr. Hüseyin ÇETİN’ e ayrıca teşekkür etmek isterim. Son olarak, öğrenimim boyunca ve tezi hazırladığım süreçte maddi manevi desteğini benden esirmeyen Anneme ve Babama çok teşekkür ederim. Mahmut Sami DURAN Konya,2015 iv T.C. NECMETTİN ERBAKAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü ÖZET Adı Soyadı Mahmut Sami DURAN Numarası 128109011004 Ana Bilim / Bilim Dalı İKTİSAT / İktisat Tezli Yüksek Lisans X Programı Doktora Öğrencinin Tez Danışmanı PROF. DR. Muhsin KAR Yunan Ekonomisi ve Borç Krizi Tezin Adı Kapitalist sistemin ve onun ortaya çıkardığı neoliberal politikaların bir sonucu olarak Dünya ekonomileri pek çok kez krizler ile karşı karşıya gelmiş ve bu krizlerin yaratmış olduğu tahribatlar da bir hayli fazla olmuştur. Dünya ekonomilerinin 1873 ve 1929 yıllarında yaşanan ‘’büyük buhranlardan’’ sonra yaşamış olduğu en büyük kriz 2007 yılında Dünyanın sermaye merkezi olan ABD’de ortaya çıkan küresel kriz olmuştur. 2007 yılında krizin etkilerini bu ülkede artırmasıyla ABD’de pek çok büyük banka ve şirket iflas etmiş ve bunun sonucu tüm Dünya ekonomilerinde büyük bir panik yaşanmıştır. En nihayetinde bu panik havası ve olumsuz senaryolar gerçeğe dönüşmüş ve 2008 yılı ile birlikte bu durgunluk az ya da çok tüm dünya ekonomilerini etkisi altına almıştır. 2008 küresel krizinin en çok etkilediği ülkelerden birisi de şüphesiz bu süreçte iflas etme noktasına gelen Yunanistan olmuştur. Batılı emperyal güçlerin desteğiyle Osmanlı devletinden 1830 yılında bağımsızlığını kazanan Yunan devleti, bu zamandan itibaren hiçbir zaman bu güçlerin çemberinden ayrılamamıştır. Bağımsızlığını kazanmasında rolü olan bu devletler yine bu devletin topraklarını genişletmesinde ve ulus devlet olmasında desteklerinden hiçbir zaman vazgeçmemişlerdir. Nitekim ikinci dünya savaşına da bu devletlerin zorlaması sonucu girmiş olan Yunanistan, yine bir başka batılı devlet olan ABD’nin yapmış olduğu Marshall ve Truman yardımları sonucu, savaşın ekonomik ve siyasi anlamda açmış olduğu yaraları sarmayı başarmıştır. Ancak bu batılı güçlerin yörüngesinde olan Yunanistan, almış olduğu ekonomik ve siyasi yardımlar sonucunda bu ülkelerin ülke yönetiminde alınan kararlarda da etkili olması sonucunu ile karşılaşmıştır. Öte yandan, ülkenin yaşamış olduğu 1967 Askeri darbesi ise ülke demokrasi tarihine kara bir leke olarak geçmiştir. 1981 yılında AB üyesi olan Yunanistan, bu üyeliğin getirmiş olduğu avantajlardan yararlanmasını bilmiş ve ülkeye aktarılan AB fonları kısmen de olsa verimli alanlara yönlendirilmiştir. Bu aktarılan fonlar sonucu tarım, inşaat ve azda olsa sanayi alanında verimlilikte büyük artışlar yaşanmıştır. 2001 yılında Euro ortak para birimini kullanmaya başlayan Yunanistan, para ve faiz politikalarını AMB’na devretmiş ve bunun doğurmuş olduğu olumsuz sonuçları 2008 krizinde fazlasıyla görmüştür. 2010 yılında yeni işbaşına gelen hükümet, önceki hükümetin istatistiklerle oynadığını belirtmiş ve Yunanistan güvenirliğini kaybetmiş ve borç bulma anlamında zorlanmıştır ki krizin boyutları giderek ağırlaşmıştır. Sonuç olarak, gerek Euro bölgesinin gerekse Troyka’nın krizden çıkış anlamında aldığı tedbirler pekte yeterli olmamış ve bu ülke günümüzde de krizin etkilerini hissetmeye devam etmiştir. İşte Yunanistan’ın Osmanlı devletinden batılı devletlerin de desteğiyle bağımsızlığını kazanmasından başlayarak ve hangi siyasi ve ekonomik aşamalardan geçerek bu kriz sürecine girdiği bu çalışmanın temel çerçevesini oluşturmuştur. Anahtar Kelimeler: Yunanistan’ın bağımsızlığı, Yunanistan’ın siyasi ve ekonomik yapısı, Borç krizi v T.C. NECMETTİN ERBAKAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü ABSTRACT Name and Surname Mahmut Sami DURAN Student Number 128109011004 Economics Department Master’s Degree (M.A.) X Study Programme Doctoral Degree (Ph.D.) Author’s Supervisor PROF. DR. Muhsin KAR Title of the Greek Economy and Debt Crisis Thesis/Dissertation The capitalist system and it appears that as a result of neoliberal policies, World economies have faced many times with crises and this crisis have been created a great deal more destruction too. After the World economy experienced in great depression in 1873 and 1929, the biggest crisis that lived in 2007, the global crisis has emerged in the US that the world's capital center. In 2007, the impact of the crisis in this country with the increase, in the US bankrupt many large banks and corporations and as a result of this has been a great panic in the entire world economy. Ultimately, this panic and negative scenarios have become a reality and by the year 2008, this recession has taken a more or less under the influence of the world economy. One of the countries most affected by the 2008 global financial crisis has undoubtedly been to Greece in this process from the point of bankruptcy. With the support of the Western imperial powers gained independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1830, the Greek state never leave the circle of these forces since then. These states are involved in the independence never have gived up their support still in the expansion of the state in the territory and the nation state. Thus, Greece, which entered the second world war as a result of enforcement of these states, as a result of help Marshall and Truman are also made with other western states of the US, has managed to wrap that the war was opened the wound at the sense of political and economic. But, Greece which is in the orbit of the western powers, as a result of economic and political benefits have taken, faced with the result of the effective administration of the country in decisions of these countries. On the other hand, 1967 military coup that lived in the country passed as a black mark in history of the country's democracy. In 1981, EU member Greece knew how to benefit from the advantages brought by this member and EU funds that have been transferred to countries partly channeled to productive areas. This is a result of the funds transferred; agriculture, construction, and slightly in industry have been large increases in productivity. In 2001, Greece that began using the euro common currency, currency and interest rate policy has been transferred to the ECB and the negative consequences that have resulted from this was surpassed in the 2008 crisis. Government that came to a new job in 2004, mentioned that the previous government's statistics play and Greece lost its credibility and is forced in the sense of finding the debt and the size of the debt crisis has worsened steadily. Consequently, measures that should be taken out of the crisis by both Eurozone and Troyka not enough and this country has continued to feel the effects of the crisis today. Here, starting from Greece gained its independence from the Ottoman government with the support of western states and through which political and economic stage which entered into crisis has created the basic framework of this study Keywords: The independence of Greece, Greece's political and economic structure, Debt Crisis i İÇİNDEKİLER Bilimsel Etik Sayfası ...................................................................................................... iv Yüksek Lisans Tezi Kabul Formu .................................................................................. vii Önsöz .............................................................................................................................. x Özet ................................................................................................................................
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