Volvo´s way to electromobilty
Volvo Buses, Andreas Heuke Prague 20th November 2014 Part of the Volvo Group/AB Volvo
One of the world’s leading manufacturers of trucks, buses, construction equipment, marine and industrial engines.
39 23 20 45 %
<25 % 11 7 SEK 272.6 billion %
Volvo Buses, Andreas Heuke Prague 20th November 2014 The view on public transport - in the past…
A man who, beyond the age of 26, finds himself on a bus can count himself as a failure.
MARGARET THATCHER FORMER PRIME MINISTER UNITED KINGDOM
Volvo Buses, Andreas Heuke Prague 20th November 2014 The view on public transport - today…
Volvo Buses, Andreas Heuke Prague 20th November 2014 A bus has to meet specific traffic requirements
Length of line
Operating hours
Capacity
Flexibility
Endurance
Different climatic conditions
Cost (purchase price, maintenance)
One size fits all is not sufficient for city buses! source: morganlinton.com
Volvo Buses Prague 20th November 2014 CO2 concentration has reached an all time high
Volvo Buses, Andreas Heuke Prague 20th November 2014 CO2 – the consequences
. Warming of the atmosphere and the oceans • Melting of the glacies • Increase in sea level • Changes of climate and vegetaion
. Ocean acidification • Interferes with the calcification of shellfish • Harms the food chain
(Volvo factories in Gent, Belgien, in Vara and
Gothenburg in Sweden CO2 neutral already today.)
Volvo Buses, Andreas Heuke Prague 20th November 2014 Today´s challenges for public transport
Bring down greenhouse gas emissions
Protect citizens from noise
Volvo Buses, Andreas Heuke Prague 20th November 2014 The efficiency of the drive systems
Gasolin engine (direct injection) up to 37 % Dieselengine (direct injection) up to 42 % ( only in a very small section of motor data map ) In city buses approx. 32 %
Automatic gearbox 85 % Manual gearbox 95 %
Electric motor above 90 %
Volvo Buses, Andreas Heuke Prague 20th November 2014 Integration of electric Motors further improve fuel efficiency
Driving distance with 5 l diesel (50 kWh)
Diesel 10 Km
Biodiesel 7,7 Km
Hybrid 14.2 Km
Electric Hybrid 25 Km
Full electric (Normal bus) 34 Km
Volvo Buses Prague 20th November 2014 In the past some waves went over the bus industry
CNG All supposed to be the one and only system for the Ethanol future Biodiesel None of them really survived Plant oil Volvo’s position: Diesel-water emulsion (aqua sol) parallel hybrid with diesel
Hydrogen plug-in hybrid, parallel with diesel battery bus Will be offered to cover the entire scope
Volvo Buses Prague 20th November 2014 Volvo city bus range -based on three solid pillars
1. Hybrid Bus 2. Electric Hybrid Bus 3. Battery Bus
All low and zero emission solutions
Appr. 30% saviings Appr. 76% savings Full Electric
2013 2014 2015 2016 Gothenburg Plug-in 7 buses OBCe Hyperbus Hammarby SP Start FT start Sjöstad SP Start Hamburg 8 buses Hamburg Preseries 3 buses Gothenburg Luxembourg 3 buses 3 buses
Volvo Buses, Andreas Heuke Prague 20th November 2014 Volvo diesel hybrid bus programme Volvo 7900 in three variants
on the cutting edge of technology
One economic drivetrain for all models
• 240 hp 5.1 Liter, 4 cylinder-diesel engine (Volvo D5K240) Common-Rail, • 120 kW electric momotor (150 kW for articulated) • Articulated bus with higher battery capacity (x2) and two high voltage AC units (Master-Slave)
4x2 low floor hybrid 4x2 low floor hybrid Low floor articulated • 10.6 m • 12 m • 18 m • Max. 90 pax • Max. 102 pax • Max.154 pax • Highest passenger capacity of all existing hybrid buses
Volvo Buses, Andreas Heuke Prague 20th November 2014 Technical solution for the drive train: the Volvo I-SAM Parallel Hybrid System
Electric generator/motor 800 Nm, 120 kW/160 hp 1,200 Nm, 150kW/204 hp (artic)
I-Shift-gearbox AT2412D with 12 gears
Power electronics Battery lithium-ion voltage converter (AC/DC) iron phosphate 4,8 kWh D5K240 diesel engine (on the roof) 918 Nm, 177 kW/240 PS EGR, SCR, DPF
Volvo Buses, Andreas Heuke Prague 20th November 2014 Complete vehicle architecture / EU6 ESS 600V radiator / el fans SD 4x2, 7905LH heating 600V AC 24/240V Engine + ISAM/ el fans ESS on roof 600V air compressor
24V steering servo pump
Hybrid drivetrain
CAC/ electric fans
MDE5 (EU6/240 hp) • No hydraulic pump • No steering servo pump • No alternators EATS • No air compressor SCR/DPF
Volvo Buses, Andreas Heuke Prague 20th November 2014 Volvo Hybrid Technology - the sum of successful solutions
I Brake energy recuperation is only one of the features behind the reduced fuel consumption of the hybrid buses. Others are: − Electrification of Auxiliaries (powered by hybrid system): AC, air compressor, power steering pump, doors (from 7900) − Volvo I-Shift: low weight, reduced slip due to omission of torque converter, high split from 12 gears − = fuel optimized driveline − Stop & Go: diesel engine shuts down during stops − Downsizing: 5-litre engine instead of 7 or 9-litres engine
Volvo Buses, Andreas Heuke Prague 20th November 2014 Hybrid Battery system (ESS) Modular
Similar battery technology for all types Example: low floor 4x2 Batterie 600 V, Lithium Ion Ironphosphat • Hybrid 12 m rigid: 4,8 kWh articulated: 9,6 kWh Same charging • Electric Hybrid station: 19 kWh / min. 7 km • 100-120 kW • Fully electric for Electric 4 x 19 kWh / min. 20 km Hybrid
• 300 kW for fully electric bus target: Modular battery system for all types
Volvo Buses, Andreas Heuke Prague 20th November 2014 Project „Hyper Bus“ Gothenburg implementation
Ladestation
Volvo Buses, Andreas Heuke Prague 20th November 2014 The new Volvo Electric Hybrid Bus
• Electric range: 7 – 10 km • Charging at final stations in 6 mins. • Max speed in electric mode: 55 km/h • Max speed in Hybrid mode: 80 km/h • Runs like Diesel Hybrid Bus if charging not possible
Volvo Buses, Andreas Heuke Prague 20th November 2014 Vehicle Architecture
ESS module
600V AC system
Volvo Buses, Andreas Heuke Prague 20th November 2014 Electric Hybrid Bus with Volvo Telematics New possibilities of city planning
Recreation area City Zone Emission free Low noise
shopping
historic site Living area
Volvo Buses, Andreas Heuke Bus stop with charging station Prague 20th November 2014 Bus stop without charging station Zone Managment
Volvo Buses, Andreas Heuke Prague 20th November 2014 High Power Charging Operation
Positioning Charging Disconnect
Vehicle establishes Driver releases parking brake. communication Charging terminates and charger disconnects. (= correct position) with Charger and When parking brake is awaits that the After checking earth applied the vehicle will order parking brake is connection and isolation: the station to connect. applied. interface will be pre-charged, (If noCSU fault will conditions close and are then Charging Station active).power delivery will start.
When pantograph has Charging ending When battery is fully - Door brake activated. ChargingApply starting P-brake up… Pleasemin to wait…charge max charged,been lifted charger all the willway, door - Power supply hold brake request is released function allows key off continue to supply during charging. powerand vehicle to auxiliaries. is ready to Volvo Buses, Andreas Heuke 12:00 12300KM Prague 20th November 2014 4°C move. Variante 1 – Ladung ausschließlich in der Betriebspause im Depot
Fahren
Wenden Fahren
Wenden
• 378kWh mit 95kW in 4 Stunden laden Batte rie lade zustand im Tage sv e rlauf
• Ladeleistung je Depot: 2,36MW (25 Busse)
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Taken from Siemens Uhrzeit
Prague 20th November 2014 Everything has its time!
From September 1956 until November 1959 three buses in operation on the 9.6 kilometer route between Gent und Merelbeke. • 70 pax (35 Seats) • 11.7 ts. GVV • 10.7 meters long • 2.4 meters wide Energy from 12'000-Volt-AC grid transformed to 500-Volt
1951: Versuchs-Gyrobus (Kontrollschild ZH 50368) verkehrt im Sankt-Galler Rheintal ab 30. März zwischen Heerbrugg, Bild: Collection E. Keutgens. Diepoldsau und Hohenems (Österreich).
Volvo Buses, Andreas Heuke Prague 20th November 2014