DOCSLIB.ORG

SOUTHERN AFRICA: an END to WAR? Angola • Mozambique • Namibia MELILLA Tunis CEUTA

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
SOUTHERN AFRICA: an END to WAR? Angola • Mozambique • Namibia MELILLA Tunis CEUTA SOUTHERN AFRICA: AN END TO WAR? Angola • Mozambique • Namibia MELILLA Tunis CEUTA Antananarivo I MAURITIUS MADAGASCAR ^ Q Port Louis REUNION LESOTHO Maseru Copyright © 1984 by the African-American Institute, Inc MARCH-APRIL 1989 AMERICA'S VOLUME 34. NUMBER 2 LEADING MAGAZINE ON AFRICA A Publication of the RT African-American Institute Letters to the Editor 4 The Update 5 African-American Institute Editor: Andre Astrow Chairman Mozambique Maurice Tempeisman The Battle lor Zambezia 13 Publisher By Karl Maier Frank E. Ferrari A Permanent Emergency 17 Editor-in-Chief By Margaret A. Novicki Margaret A. Novicki Interview Managing Editor Pedro de Castro Van-Dunem "Ix)y": Creating Conditions for Peace 23 Alana Lee By Margaret A. Novicki War's Victims Assistant Editor Page 17 Namibia Andre Astrow The Transition Timetable 26 By John A. Evenson Editorial Assistant W. LaBier Jones South Africa Contributing Editors Fortress South Africa 31 Michael Maren By Michael Maren Andrew Meldrum Daphne Topouzis Thabo Mbeki: Shining a Spotlight on South Africa 34 By Margaret A. Novicki Art Director Kenneth Jay Ross Finding a Meeting Point 38 By Andrew Meldrum Advertising Office 212 949-5666, ext. 728 Turning Right 41 By Margaret L Knox Interns UN Arrival Marya Sophia Gilborn Page 26 Tanzania Alison Volpe Damns Mbogoro: The Business of Development 43 Harry West By Colleen fjywe Morna Africa Report (ISSN 0001-9836). a non-profit magazine ot African affairs, Return to the Land 45 is published bimonthly and is sched- By Thomas Spear uled to appear al the beginning ot each date period at 833 United Uganda Nations Plaza. New York, N.Y. 10017. Editorial correspondence and adver- Back to School: The Revitalization of Makerere 48 tising inquiries should be addressed to Africa Report, at the above By Colleen Ij)we Morna address. Subscription rates: Individ- uals. USA $24. Canada $30, air rate Western Sahara overseas $48. Institutions: USA $31, Canada $37. air rate overseas $55. Saharan Statesmanship 52 Second-class postage paid at New By Gary Abramson York. N.Y. and at additional mailing offices. POSTMASTER: If this maga- Liberia zine is undeliverable. please send ANC Outreach notice to Africa Report at the above Page 38 Living Dangerously 56 address. Telephone. (212) 949-5666. Copyright " 1989 by The African- By Ernest Harsch American Institute. Inc. Interview To our readers: Cecilia Johnson: A Woman's Place 61 We apologize for the delayed publication of this issue of By Ernest Harsch Africa Report, which was due to the introduction of a new com- Somalia puter system. Now in place, this Barre's Unholy Alliances 65 system will enable us to By Richard Greenfield enhance our production capabili- ties in the future. Culture Coloring History: Senegalese Glass Painting 69 Photo Credit: By Howard Schissel The cover photo of Mozambi- can refugees was taken in Mas- The Back Page 70 saca, Mozambique, by Mar- Peace at Last? By Margaret A. Novicki garet A. Novicki. Page 52 Letters to the Editor To the Editor: readers should they be able to contribute To the Editor: to our general fund, or are interested in The recently published interview sponsoring one or more students, with Trust in circumstances, one might with Dr. Mathilde Krim [November- the possibility of communicating directly tell the writers of your two articles on December 1988] contained several with them. Any inquiries regarding the Namibia in the January-February 1989 inaccuracies regarding the Department school fees structure, etc., would be issue. Your writers do not seem to accept of State's policies. welcome. the fact that the South African First, the Department's HIV testing May I also add that any funds government might feel carrying out its program is based on departmental received for this purpose are all agreement to withdraw from Namibia is policy, not federal law. Second, we are accounted for and not channeled into in its national interest. Building up a unable to "pledge" thai employees will other directions—no one should have military position is not contradictory to donate blood for all U.S. citizens who any fear on this score. In closing, may I intent to withdraw. It can be a way to need transfusions at posts overseas. say how delighted we would be to hear protect troops during the dangerous Although U.S. embassy personnel from your readers. withdrawal period. Isn't this what the traditionally have provided exceptional —Micheline Chidzero Cubans seem to have done in Angola? assistance to private citizens in Shamwari Dzevana Ve Zimbabwe Many conservative critics have emergency situations, the walking blood (Friends of the Children of Zimbabwe) charged that the Cubans intend to banks at these overseas locations, many P.O. Box 8598. Causeway violate their treaty and find ways to keep of which are very small, cannot be Harare, Zimbabwe troops in Angola. But why bother, one viewed as a reliable source of blood for could reply? Why sign a treaty you everyone who travels overseas. intend to violate? To get the South Lastly, embassies are unable to Africans out of Namibia? But if Cuban provide medical care for private citizens To the Editor: troops stay in Angola, the South Africans and are therefore unable to provide leave, or return, to Namibia. Why would saline solutions or any other The focus of your November- the South Africans bother signing a medications. I would suggest that those December 1988 issue on "AIDS and treaty they fully intend to violate? who have this concern look into Africa" was excellent and I thank you This is not to praise the Pretoria commercially available first aid kits that very much for giving such attention to government, just to look at have such equipment. If traveling with a the long overdue issue. Equally circumstances. The South Africans can tour, the tour agency would logically be disturbing is the story of Maj. Kojo easily intervene in Namibia, and know it. responsible. Boakye-Djan and his company's alleged A potential Swapo government in —Paul A. Goff, M.D., M.P.H. activity toward the oppressed people of Windhoek will also know it, and seek to U.S. Department of State South Africa ["Update"]. remain on as good terms as possible Washington, D.C. It is quite distressing and difficult to with the South Africans. Swapo understand when there are deserters President Sam Nujoma has already said To the Kditor: among us. What will it take for the that the ANC is not likely to be given children of Africa to say: My dignity and bases in Namibia. After seeing your very informative pride for my people precedes my The South Africans may feel that by November-December 1988, issue it stomach? withdrawing from Namibia, and getting occurred to me that perhaps some of There is a song in Ethiopia which at least a substantial number of the your readers might be keen to support goes something like this: "When a Cuban troops out of Angola, they can the Third World in its educational father dies, one mourns in his land / have their cake (military security and development. When a mother dies, one mourns in his economic advantage) and eat it too Despite the highest budget allocation land / When a sister or a brother dies, (avoid the casualties and economic drain given to education, secondary schooling one mourns in his land / Where could of war as well as the political onus of is not free in Zimbabwe and many bright one possibly mourn when his country staying in Namibia). students are unable to continue their dies?" Looking at these realities, and those education due to lack of financial means. I hope that my views are shared, that facing the Cuban government, puts the The Friends of the Children of without Africa's people free, we all are treaties in a different perspective than Zimbabwe, a registered welfare under apartheid, even those who get your articles. Nations often ignore logic, organization, is very much aware of the paid to do apartheid's dirty laundry. but the situation in Namibia and Angola plight of these youngsters and has looks very hopeful. established a sponsorship program to help at least 200 students every year. We —I.cmlem Tsegaw, R.N. —Bruce Brager would be glad to hear from any of your Chesapeake, Virgina Arlington, Virginia AFRICA REPORT-March-April 1989 UP'TM- "Unita is to be congratulated for its American Institute. But Kaunda. the elections." At that time, the White courageous demonstration over more current chairman of the group of south- House reiterated its staunch support for than a decade that solutions to Ango- ern African frontline states, reported!) the rebels, and to judge from Bush's la's problems cannot be found through declined Bush's request that he play an letter to Savimbi. it would appear repressive military force." said Bush in intermediary role in the Angolan con- Unita's backers in Congress can rest the letter that was leaked to The Wash- flict, refusing to put pressure on the dos assured that the new administration has ington Post. "I also want to assure you Santos government lo negotiate with every intention of following in the that American diplomacy will continue Savimbi. footsteps o\' its predecessor. As to encourage African and other inter- Nonetheless. Bush's assurances to DeConcini put it recently. "I'm pleased ested governments to provide maxi- Savimbi that the new administration with the strong position Bush has taken mum support to a process of negotia- will not allow Unita to be left out in the and I urge him to continue." tion leading to national reconciliation cold only serves to undermine the In any event.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Daily PRINCETONIAN
    8 Editorials/Opinions Shapiro's statement Reporting in South Africa: Writing A new openness with a sense desperation and hope President Shapiro's detailed response to the nine demands of a By KANTHAN PILLAY '91 presented at Wednesday's sit-in is move in the right direc- in a often been unre- When South African Consul John Davies told a thetized stupor, I heard myself responding tion for a president who has perceived as university audience recently that his government voice that sounded much too normal to be my own. sponsive and abrasive. allowed a free press, citing the fact that nearly all "Hi Abu. I told you we'd be meeting sometime Shapiro's three-page statement which appears today in The newspapers are critical of the Botha regime, it was soon. You guys have to getme out ofhere. I'm sup- Daily Princetonian seems to represent an attempt to connect difficultfor me to restrain myself. Many people posed to be swimming this weekend..." and communicate with a larger sector of the community associate freedom of the press with the ability to It was six weeks later that I saw him again. As I before his meeting with protest leaders tomorrow. express an opinion, and Consul Davies like his lay propped up in bed with traction pins and pul- But it is imperative that Shapiro's statement in no way government is quick to take advantage—ofthis. leys, he wandered over to my bedside, dressed in usurp the function of tomorrow's meeting or substitute for Journalists—have a different picture.
    [Show full text]
  • Dr Abu Baker ‘Hurley’ Asvat
    Dr Abu Baker ‘Hurley’ Asvat This article was published on South African History Online South African History online (SAHO) is a non-partisan people’s history institution. It was established in June 2000 as a non-profit Section 21 organisation, to address the biased way in which South Africa’s history and heritage, as well as the history and heritage of Africa is represented in educational and cultural institutions. Abstract The article is a biography of Dr Abu Baker ‘Hurley’ Asvat, better known as the people’s doctor, from his childhood in Vrededorp to his medical study and political activism as part of a Pan Africanist Congress (PAC)-aligned students group. More importantly the article brings to light the significant role the peoples’ doctor played in non-racial cricket and his emergence as a vital figure in Sowto’s life and politics. Key words: Dr Abu Baker ‘Hurley’ Asvat, Azania People’s Organization, Black Consciousness (BC), medical activism, non-racialism The ‘People’s Doctor’ ‘He struggled to liberate society from oppression. He gave his life so that others may have a better life. He was a true patriot as a man of unity in the struggle against apartheid. His sacrifices were not in vain as his principles, beliefs and action touched many communities and helped to restore the dignity of destitute people’ (Prayer for Dr. Asvat, 2010). Childhood and Schooling On 23 February 1943, Abu Baker Asvat was born in Vrededorp(Fietas), South Africa.He spent his youth in Fietas, playing football and cricket on the playing grounds near his house.
    [Show full text]
  • Catalogue of the African Studies Library Film Collection in UCT Libraries Special Collections
    Catalogue of the African Studies Library Film Collection in UCT Libraries Special Collections Any queries regarding the ASL film collection please contact Bev Angus ([email protected]) Updated:June 2015 Introduction In film, as with all other African Studies material in Special Collections, we collect comprehensively on South and Southern Africa and we are also committed to strengthening and broadening our film coverage of the rest of Africa to meet existing needs and to create new opportunities for research. Film is a powerful and accessible medium for conveying the stories and images of Africa, past and present. The African continent has a long and proud tradition of film-making, and has produced many film-makers of international renown. Our collection contains documentaries, television series and feature films made by both African and international film-makers. Besides supporting the teaching and research programmes of the University of Cape Town, the African Studies Library makes provision for the preservation of the films in the collection. Please note: The films in the ASL are primarily for viewing by members of the University of Cape Town community. For a collection of African films with public access see the Western Cape Provincial Library Service collection at http://cplweb.pals.gov.za Tips on searching the collection: To facilitate searching, click the binoculars in the toolbar. Select Use Advanced Search Options. If you know the title of the film, enter the exact title in the box and select Match Exact Word or Phrase in the dropdown box e.g. “Cry the Beloved Country” For a keyword search where the exact title is unknown or you are searching around a particular topic, enter appropriate keywords in the box provided, then select Match any of the Words in the drop-drown box below e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • An Integrative Review of Albertina Sisulu and Ubuntu: Relevance to Caring and Nursing
    health sa gesondheid 21 (2016) 214e227 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect journal homepage: http://ees.elsevier.com/hsag/default.asp Special Edition 2016 An integrative review of Albertina Sisulu and ubuntu: Relevance to caring and nursing * Charlene Downing a, , Marie Hastings-Tolsma b a Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa b Initiative for the Study of Normal Birth, Louise Herrington School of Nursing, Baylor University, Dallas, TX, USA article info abstract Article history: Background: Caring forms the core component of nursing. The history of the nature of Received 12 November 2015 caring in South Africa is non-specific and is unknown. The impact of nurse and activist Accepted 7 April 2016 Albertina Sisulu e known as the Mother of the Nation e has the potential to offer unique insights into what could be the context of caring for nurses. Aims: The study aimed at 1) critically synthesising the available evidence of caring as Keywords: portrayed by Albertina Sisulu within the South African context, and 2) interpreting Sisulu's Albertina Sisulu work within the Ubuntu philosophy as a framework for nursing and caring. Caring Method: An integrative review was completed using Whittemore and Knafl's framework. Ubuntu Key electronic databases, selected references and web-based search engines were scoured South Africa for articles meeting the inclusion criteria. This systematic and iterative approach yielded Integrative review 18 non-research reports related to Sisulu; eight reports (three research, five non-research) Nursing related to ubuntu and nursing. Data was extracted that related to relevant and conclusive Midwifery new and innovative practices in caring.
    [Show full text]
  • The Capacities of the People Versus a Predominant, Militarist, Ethno-Nationalist Elite: Democratisation in South Africa C
    Interface: a journal for and about social movements Article Volume 3(2): 311 - 358 (November 2011) Good, The capacities of the people The capacities of the people versus a predominant, militarist, ethno-nationalist elite: democratisation in South Africa c. 1973 - 97 Kenneth Good The international and domestic settings From around 1970 to 1990 popular democracy made notable advances in many parts of the world against entrenched dictatorships, both communist and anti- communist, from Poland and the GDR (aka Stasiland) through Portugal, Chile and the Philippines. In Poland, the Solidarity trade union achieved a membership of some ten million at its height; the Stasiland surveillance state was swept away, not just with the fall of the Berlin wall, but after a series of large demonstrations in the cities proved to the people that their rulers possessed neither efficacy nor legitimacy; in Lisbon, a “Carnation Revolution” led by the military fresh from contact with national liberation forces in Portugal’s African colonies, backed by communist and other popular tendencies at home, brought an end to a long-established, quasi-fascist dictatorship; and in the Phillipines, a successful mass uprising against the US-backed regime of Ferdinand Marcos, presented the modern idea of “people power” to the world. South Africa was part of this popular democratic upsurge too, as an advancing capitalist economy, produced new skilled black working classes possessed of the capacities to form trade unions and other community groups ready and able to push for democratisation beyond the electoral confines of the liberal / representative model. But these domestic popular aspirations had to compete for attention in the outside world with an externally based armed struggle led by the African National Congress (ANC) whose leaders were mostly in exile and in prison.
    [Show full text]
  • AZAPO LEADER MUNTU MYEZA COMRADE MUNTU MYEZA: a SHORT HISTORY Comrade Muntu Myeza Was Born the Eldest Son of Mr Jacob and Mrs Julia Myeza on December 3, 1950
    AZAPO LEADER MUNTU MYEZA COMRADE MUNTU MYEZA: A SHORT HISTORY Comrade Muntu Myeza was born the eldest son of Mr Jacob and Mrs Julia Myeza on December 3, 1950. He completed his early schooling in Natal and Zululand. For a time he spent his senior high school years at Orlando West High School. He completed his matric at Ohlange High School in Inanda , Natal . From his early childhood he took a keen interest in boxing and soccer. By the time he reached university, he was the amateur heavyweight boxing champion of Transvaal and South Africa - at a time when sport was strictly segregated. Comrade Muntu attended the University of Zululand where he stud- ied towards a law degree. At the General Students Council meeting of the South African Students Organisation in July 1973, he was elected president. This. council came shortly after the bannings of eight SASO /Black People's Convention leaders. In July 1974, Comrade Muntu was elected secretary general of SASO and one of the first tasks he undertook was to organise the Viva Frelimo rallies jointly with the BPC. • On the evening of the 25th of June 1973, Comrade Muntu led a chanting crowd of more than 10 000 people at the Curries Fountain Stadium in Durban in defiance of a nationwide ban of the rallies in celebration of Frelimo 's victory over Portuguese colonialism in Mozambique. That night, Comrade Muntu and hundreds of other activists coun- trywide were arrested and detained. Comrade Muntu spent more than months in detention in terms of the notorious Terrorism Act.
    [Show full text]
  • 35Th Prize-Giving Ceremony 2009
    University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg Faculty of Health Sciences PRIZE-GIVING CEREMONY Wednesday 25 March 2009 16h00 CEREMONY AND RECEPTION Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital Auditorium Medical School Parktown 1 2009 THIRTY FIFTH ANNUAL PRIZE GIVING CEREMONY Message from the Dean Welcome to the Annual Prize-giving Ceremony of the Faculty of Health Sciences of Wits University. This is a happy and prestigious occasion, not only because we will be celebrating the academic achievements of our students and staff, but because the prize-giving ceremony is one of the few gatherings during the year of staff, students, parents and friends, and for both reasons we, in the Faculty, greatly look forward to it. This evening we honour prize-winners in a variety of categories. Whether under- or post-graduate student, or staff member, all have achieved in the realm of scholarship – learning, teaching or research - and we congratulate them heartily. Whereas the list of prize-winners may seem lengthy to you, those being honoured tonight are a highly select group among the student and staff population in the Medical School. They have been singled out as the top achievers in their fields; they stand out as the ones their peers look up to, and emulate; they are the standard-setters, the likely leaders in their fields in the future. The Faculty joins me in saluting the academic ability, commitment, dedication and hard work of all who have won awards. Congratulations. Tonight we also celebrate generosity. The generosity is that which our donors have shown in sponsoring the prizes and awards.
    [Show full text]
  • November 30, 1995 STATEMENT by ARCHBISHOP DESMOND TUTU
    November 30, 1995 STATEMENT BY ARCHBISHOP DESMOND TUTU ON HIS APPOINTMENT TO THE TRUTH AND RECONCILIATION COMMISSION It is a very great privilege and honour to have been appointed as the head of the Commission, and I am deeply humbled. The membership of the Commission appears to represent a fair spectrum of South African society, and comprises people who have special gifts to bring to the sensitive task of contributing to the healing process in our country. I appeal to South Africans and people around the world to uphold members of the Commission in their prayers, because the healing and reconciliation of a deeply traumatised and wounded people is a deeply spiritual exercise. I hope that the work of the Commission, by opening wounds to cleanse them, will thereby stop them from festering. We cannot be facile and say bygones will be bygones, because they will not be bygones and will return to haunt us. True reconciliation is never cheap, for it is based on forgiveness which is costly. Forgiveness in turn depends on repentance, which has to be based on an acknowledgement of what was done wrong, and therefore on disclosure of the truth. You cannot forgive what you do not know. The purpose of the Commission in terms of the act which establishes it is to assist in the process of healing and reconciliation. The Commission needs to be geared towards the victims of human rights abuses rather than the perpetrators. I would like us to concentrate on the rehabilitation of victims and restoration of their dignity, emphasising restitution rather than retribution and reprisal.
    [Show full text]
  • Obirtuary Memorial
    MAMA WINNIE OBITUARY MADIKIZELA-MANDELA LIMPOPO PROVINCE In memory of our beloved MAMA WINNIE NOMZAMO MADIKIZELA MANDELA 26 September 1936 - 02 April 2018 MAMA WINNIE OBITUARY MADIKIZELA-MANDELA EARLY Y EARS Nomzamo Winifred Zanyiwe Madikizela was born in the village of Mbongweni, Bizana, in the then Transkei on 26 September 1936. She was the fifth of nine children. Her father, Columbus, was a local history teacher, who was later to be appointed Minister of Forestry and Agriculture in Kaizer Matanzima's Transkei homeland. Her mother, Nomathamsanqa Mzaidume (Gertrude), was a science teacher. She received her primary education in Bizana where she did her Junior Certificate (Standard 8 / Grade 10) at Mfundisweni Secondary School and later completed her matric at Shawbury High School. While attending school, Winnie would help her father to labour on the farm. It was at Shawsbury, a Methodist Mission School at Qumbu, where Winnie distinguished herself as a person with exceptional leadership qualities. It was also there, under the tutelage of teachers who were all Fort Hare graduates, that she became more politicised. Due to financial constraints, Winnie's sister, Nancy, dropped out of school and worked casual jobs to enable Winnie to continue with her education. MOVE TO JOHANNESBURG In 1953, Winnie was admitted to the Jan Hofmeyr School of Social Work in Johannesburg, where Nelson Mandela was patron. It was in Johannesburg that she experienced the harsh realities of apartheid on a daily basis. It was also in Johannesburg where she discovered her love for fashion, dancing and the city. She completed her degree in Social Work in 1955, finishing at the top of her class, and was offered a scholarship to study in the USA.
    [Show full text]
  • Dr Abu Baker Asvat – ‘Hurley’ to His Friends and Comrades – Accepted the first Annual Human Rights Award from the Lenasia-Based
    This article was downloaded by: [University of Rhodes] On: 10 January 2012, At: 22:58 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK African Studies Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/cast20 The Life and Death of Dr Abu Baker ‘Hurley’ Asvat, 23 February 1943 to 27 January 1989 Jon Soske a a McGill University, Quebec, Canada Available online: 02 Dec 2011 To cite this article: Jon Soske (2011): The Life and Death of Dr Abu Baker ‘Hurley’ Asvat, 23 February 1943 to 27 January 1989, African Studies, 70:3, 337-358 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00020184.2011.628797 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.tandfonline.com/page/terms-and- conditions This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae, and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand, or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material.
    [Show full text]
  • I,D,A,F News Notes
    i, d, a,f news notes Published by the United States Committee of the International Defense and Aid Fund for Southern Africa p.o. Box 17, Cambridge, MA 02138 May 1989, Issue No. 39 Telephone (617) 491-8343 The Delmas trial has taught us anew lesson that we had begun to understand from the beginning of 1988, when 18 organizations were banned, along with "There Are No Secrets" individuals working for nonviolent protest. Three more organizations were by the Rev. Allan Boesak banned at the beginning ofJanuary. More newspapers have been closed down On January 17, 1989, Harvard University's Memorial Church held a service in because the South African govemment simply cannot stand the truth when it is celebration of the work of the Rev. Allan Boesak, President of the World Alliance of (continued on page 2) Reformed Churches and a founder of the United Democratic Front. The following is excerpted from his address. There are no secrets anymore about the South African situation. We have Namibia Betrayed seen the evidence of what 300 years by Kenneth N. Carstens of indignity and discrimination and re­ The process leading to independence for Namibia was nearly aborted on its pression and 40 years of apartheid first day, 1st April, when the most intense fighting in the 23 years of hostilities have done to our people. We have broke out between SWAPO and the South African-led forces. Who was to seen our land robbed, our women as­ blame? According to the US and British govemments and most- but not all-of saulted.
    [Show full text]
  • Race Relations
    file:///G|/ProjWip/Products/Omalley/Tim/03%20Pre-Transition/The%2...partheid%20State/T_SAIRR%201948-1990/SAIRR%20Survey%201988-89.HTM RACE RELATIONS SURVEY 1988/89 CAROLE COOPER JENNIFER SCHINDLER COLLEEN McCAUL ROBIN HAMILTON MARY BEALE ALISON CLEMANS LOU-MARIÉ KRUGER ISABELLE DELVARE JOHN GARY MOONSAMY Research staff South African Institute of Race relations SOUTH AFRICAN INSTITUTE OF RACE RELATIONS JOHANNESBURG 1989 THE COVER file:///G|/ProjWip/Products/Omalley/Tim/03%20Pre...T_SAIRR%201948-1990/SAIRR%20Survey%201988-89.HTM (1 of 1123)25/11/2004 15:59:33 PM file:///G|/ProjWip/Products/Omalley/Tim/03%20Pre-Transition/The%2...partheid%20State/T_SAIRR%201948-1990/SAIRR%20Survey%201988-89.HTM Photograph by Mark Peters Rapid black urbanisation in South Africa in recent years has rendered the pass laws obsolete, but the national shortage of conventional housing runs to nearly two million units. So several million people, nearly all of them black, have built their own shanties or other shelters in and around the cities. They have used whatever material they have been able to lay their hands on: wood and mud, old packing cases and crates, corrugated iron, sheets of plastic, and occasionally bricks or concrete blocks. Sometimes referred to as squatters (a term not always technically accurate), these ‘informal settlers’ have been described as ‘South Africa’s new city builders’. One of them is Mr Aaron ‘Bobo’ Khumalo, who built his house at Dlamini Camp No 2, near Chiawelo in Soweto. There he lives with his wife, Yvonne, and his children, Mandla (10) and Edward (1). The family moved to Dlamini Camp at the beginning of 1988 when the Soweto authorities demolished their shack at Mochaeneng opposite the Regina Mundi church.
    [Show full text]