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Exploring Koori Identity at La Perouse

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Exploring Koori Identity at La Perouse University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Masters Theses Graduate School 5-1997 "They taught us Jesus Christ and Captain Cook and everything": Exploring Koori Identity at La Perouse Amanda Katherine Lambert University of Tennessee, Knoxville Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes Part of the Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Lambert, Amanda Katherine, ""They taught us Jesus Christ and Captain Cook and everything": Exploring Koori Identity at La Perouse. " Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, 1997. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/4124 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Amanda Katherine Lambert entitled ""They taught us Jesus Christ and Captain Cook and everything": Exploring Koori Identity at La Perouse." I have examined the final electronic copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Master of Arts, with a major in Anthropology. Faye V. Harrison, Major Professor We have read this thesis and recommend its acceptance: Benita Howell, Rosalind Hackett Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) To the GraduateCouncil: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Amanda Katherine Lambert entitled "'They taught us Jesus Christ and Captain Cook and everything': Exploring Koori Identity at La Pero use." I have examined the final copy of this thesis for formand content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirement forthe degree of Master of Arts, with a major in Anthropology. � .L J-'::::1-� VI�.-�-- or. F�e V. Harrison, Major Professor We have read this thesis and recommend its acceptance: Accepted forthe Council: Associate Vice Chancellor and Dean of the Graduate School "They taught us Jesus Christ and Captain Cook and everything": Exploring Koori Identity at La Perouse A Thesis Presented for the Masterof ArtsDegree The University of Tennessee, Knoxville Amanda Katherine Lambert May 1997 Acknowledgments There is little that words of acknowledgment can do to describe my thanks, gratitude, and respectfor the peopleof La Perouse. Without their hospitality, friendship, experiences, and stories my research and this thesis would not have been possible. I would like to recognize Marjorie Dixon, Lois Linnell, Esme Russell, Shirley Ingrey, Rene Campbell, Donnaleen Campbell, Linda Cruse, Mary Davison, Linda Davison, Jenny Rule, Marion Russell, Marilyn Russell, Jackie Isaacs, Lee Draskovic, Lola Moore, Kate Cruse, Mary Page, Vic Simms, Ray Cruse, Craig Cruse, Laddie Timbery, HenryButler, Bruce Clayton-Brown, Clifford Ingrey and family, and Mervyn Reynolds. Beyond La Perouse, there is a community of intellectuals and mentors at the University of Tennessee to whom I owe a debt of gratitude. I would like to thank Dr. Faye V. Harrison forher intellectual and personal support, her thoughtfuland constructiveediting, and her mentorship and guidance throughout my graduate experience. I would also like to thankDr. Benita Howell forher mediation skills, attention to detail, and her supportive kindness. In addition, I am gratefulto Dr. Rosalind Hackett for challenging, encouraging, and supporting this thesis. I would like to thank the McClure Foundation at the University of Tennessee forthe fellowshipthat helped fundthis research. I would also like to recognize Dr. Michael Jackson at the University of Sydney. Finally, I would like to thank all the people who encouraged me on a day to day basis, especially, my parents, Stacy Pennington, Taylor Slemmer, and Sean Coughlin. 11 Abstract Identity politics, the social construction of identity, is a phenomenon which affects many peopleworldwide. Indigenous Australians, however, are unique because of their indigenous, racial, and ethnic status. The construction of Koori identity, then, has its roots in a colonial and post-colonial history of cultural and racial devastation and discrimination. At this historical moment, Koori people are voicing and identifying themselves, consequently, contesting the externally imposed dominant paradigms of their identity. This text is a study of the construction of self-construction of Koori identity at La Perouse. The overall purpose of this thesis is to explore the day-to-day · meaning of the social construction of Koori-ness in Australia. More specifically, three themes in the formation of Koori identity are discussed in this text through the use of narratives collected during 11 weeks of fieldwork conducted by the author. First, how do personal life narrativescontribute to the formationof Koori identity? How does a Koori in La Perouse define her/himself? Second, how do personal narratives intersect with, contradict, and contribute to a community narrative and community identity via the family? Finally, how does the physical place, La Perouse, contribute historically and contemporarily to the identity of individuals andthe community living in that space? The narratives and themes offer an avenue for exploring, deconstructing, and understanding the on-going internallyderived re-invention of Koori identity. 111 Preface This thesis represents a preliminary case study of the constructionof Koori identity in New South Wales. It is not meant to be representativeof all Koori people, although thereare elements herein which are partof the experienceof being an indigenous person in Australia. In addition, the people whose voices are recorded in this text are not necessarily representative of all people in La Perouse. Each voice is connected to an individual with personal experiences, opinions, and ideas which are not meant to speakfor the experiences, opinions, and ideas of the rest of the community. Concurrently,this thesis also representsonly one researcher's collection of Koori narrativesand those narrativesincluded here are limited by my age and acceptance in the community. In addition, some things have been omitted at the request of the participants or in order to protect members of the community who trusted me with their stories. I am not a Koori woman, nor do I claim to know how it feels and what it means to be a Koori. Nonetheless, this text is my attempt to explore and deconstruct dominant notions of race and ethnicity in order both to empower Koories and to better understand the ways the concepts of race and ethnicity operate in Australia and perhaps by implication the United States as well. iv Table of Contents Chapter 1. Introduction: A Portrait of La Perouse - lines that divide, ties that bind 1 Where is La Pero use? Who is La Perouse? 10 Purpose 16 2. The Why and How of the Text 21 The eye/I of Fieldwork 25 Methods 28 3. The History of a Nation, a State, and a Community 32 Out of Nation and State and into the Community 41 4. Voices of La Perouse 46 Memoriesfrom the Mission 47 Another Generation on the Reserve· 54 More than a Reserve 57 Being Koori on the Inside and on the Outside 69 5. Reflectingon LifeExperience: A Discussion of �e Formation of Koori Identity 75 Ethnohistories 75 Survival: Accommodation and Differentiation 80 Negotiating and Deconstructing the Socio-Geographyof La Perouse 89 6. Bringing it All Together 95 Colonial Legacy 95 Koori Ethnogenesis, Why Now? 99 REFERENCES CITED 106 BIBLIOGRAPHY 110 APPENDICES Appendix I. Complete List of Participants 123 Appendix II. A Contemporary Iconof "Aboriginality" 124 ·VITA 125 V List of Figures Figure 1.1 Map of South Coast New South Wales 12 Figure 1.2 Map of Sydney and Surrounding Suburbs 13 Figure 3.1 La PerouseBeach Today 44 Figure 4.1 Map of La Perouse 60 Figure 4.2 Bare Island 62 Figure 4.3 FormerCeremonial Meeting Place 67 Figure 4.4 Meeting Circle Carving 67 vi Chapter 1 Introduction: A Portrait of La Perouse - lines that divide, ties that bind The fadedblack-and-white photo tells a storythat an Old one could have told about the firstmission. Probably taken just afterthe turnof the century,the photograph captures a view of the past, a portrait of memories experiencedand passed down - described in bits and pieces over the course of my stay, nearly three months. The sea and the peopleIi ving along it appearto be one, as the tin shacks they live in dot the beach where the bay curves inland. A fencewinds aroundthe outer edge of the community creating a dividing line . between the "natives'" tin homes and a larger building which resembles a church. Behind the shacks stands a large building separatedfrom the mission by the bush that borders the beach. Several peoplecaptured in the photograph walk along the shore, perhaps picking up shells or gettingready for a swim. Boats fillthe bay -- some with people, some without. At the far end of the beach several boats remain on shore, unused. On the other end, a small group of men are hunched over another such boat possibly preparingit to catch a feedof fishfor the evening meal. Alma: La Perouse Mission. The mission was nothing like it is now. We didn't have any running water in the house. Thetoilets were outside and it was really hard in those days. We had a hard lifegrowing up, didn'twe? Bel: But we had a good life.. .. Alma: We had a good life .... loving, caring life. You know? Because, in those days everyonehelped one another. But now it's all changed. Everyoneis sort ofto theirselves.... You know, I say to the kids, I wish you was in my lifewhen I was growing up. It was hard but.... Bel: But we didn't feelthat it was hard -- everyoneshared.
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