Phytotaxa 165 (1): 001–101 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2014 Magnolia Press Monograph ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.165.1.1 PHYTOTAXA 165 The plants by Daniel Rolander (c. 1723–1793) in Diarium Surinamicum (1754–1765) and herbaria PEDRO LUÍS RODRIGUES DE MORAES1, JAMES DOBREFF2 & LARS GUNNAR REINHAMMAR3 1Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Botânica, Av. 24 A 1515, Bela Vista, Caixa Postal 199, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil. Email: [email protected] 2University of Massachusetts Boston, College of Liberal Arts, Classics Department, 100 Morrissey Blvd., 02125-3393 Boston, MA, USA. Email: [email protected] 3The Bergius Foundation at The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden. Email: [email protected] Magnolia Press Auckland, New Zealand Accepted by Hans-Joachim Esser: 4 Jan. 2014; published: 16 Apr. 2014 1 De Moraes et al. The plants by Daniel Rolander (c. 1723–1793) in Diarium Surinamicum (1754–1765) and herbaria (Phytotaxa 165) 101 pp.; 30 cm. 16 Apr 2014 ISBN 978-1-77557-372-2 (paperback) ISBN 978-1-77557-373-9 (Online edition) FIRST PUBLISHED IN 2014 BY Magnolia Press P.O. Box 41-383 Auckland 1346 New Zealand e-mail: [email protected] http://www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ © 2014 Magnolia Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, transmitted or disseminated, in any form, or by any means, without prior written permission from the publisher, to whom all requests to reproduce copyright material should be directed in writing. This authorization does not extend to any other kind of copying, by any means, in any form, and for any purpose other than private research use. ISSN 1179-3155 (Print edition) ISSN 1179-3163 (Online edition) 2 • Phytotaxa 165 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press MORAES ET AL. Table of contents Abstract . 3 Resumo . 3 Introduction. 4 The ostracised Linnaean apostle . 5 The Diarium Surinamicum . 5 Rolander’s travel to Suriname. 6 The plants in Diarium Surinamicum. 6 Rolandrian specimens . 6 Reconstructing Rolander’s herbarium . 7 Annotated list of plant names in Diarium Surinamicum . 8 Rolander’s specimens in collections. 70 Acknowledgements. 78 References. 78 Index to Families. 100 Abstract The manuscripts of Diarium Surinamicum by Daniel Rolander practically remained ignored and unpublished for over 240 years, till the recent publication of its translation into English, which occurred in 2008. In this, the names of species described and/or cited by Rolander were faithfully retained, hence preserving the indication of them without authorship, for the vast majority. In the present work, all the names of plants that were treated by Rolander in his journal, about 664, including by tradition the fungi and algae, are contextualised in relation to the authorship, reference to the publication of the protologue, pagination of citations/descriptions in the manuscripts and in the published translation, indication of probable misidentifications with possible alternative names, vernacular names, and related literature. Additionally, we searched for the vouchers collected by Rolander, scattered in several herbaria, which have been linked to the probable names and descriptions in the diary. Given the considerable time till the publication of these names, and by the lack of indication of their nomenclatural types in the English version, the great majority of the new species described by Rolander, which would have priority if published in due time, became invalid names according to the ICN. Nevertheless, the list of Rolandrian species here presented, from his work that has finally taken a place in the history of natural sciences, shows that he was also a competent botanist, besides being a skilled entomologist, having recognised and detailedly described many of the Surinamese plants hitherto unknown to science. Key words: Carl Linnaeus, Christen Friis Rottbøll, historical collections, Peter Jonas Bergius, taxonomy, Surinamese flora Resumo Os manuscritos do Diarium Surinamicum de Daniel Rolander permaneceram praticamente ignorados e inéditos por mais de 240 anos, até a recente publicação de sua tradução para o Inglês, ocorrida em 2008. Nesta, os nomes das espécies descritas e/ou citadas por Rolander foram reproduzidos fielmente daquilo que se encontra nos manuscritos, conservando desta forma a não indicação da autoria, para a grande maioria dos mesmos. No presente trabalho, todos os nomes das plantas que foram tratadas por Rolander em seu diário, cerca de 664, incluindo-se por tradição os fungos e algas, são contextualizados quanto à autoridade, referência à publicação do protólogo, paginação das citações/descrições nos manuscritos e na tradução publicada, indicação de prováveis más identificações com possíveis nomes alternativos, nomes vernáculos, e literatura relacionada. Adicionalmente, buscou-se pelos vouchers coletados por Rolander, dispersos em vários herbários, que ora são indicados aos prováveis nomes e descrições do diário. Dado o considerável tempo para a publicação desses nomes, e por não terem a indicação dos tipos nomenclaturais na tradução para o Inglês, a grande maioria das espécies novas descritas por Rolander, que teriam prioridade se publicadas em sua devida época, tornaram-se nomes inválidos perante o Código Internacional de Nomenclatura Botânica (ICN). Apesar disso, a partir da listagem das espécies de Rolander aqui apresentadas, de seu trabalho que finalmente alcançou uma colocação na história das ciências naturais, denota-se que ele foi também um botânico competente, tendo reconhecido e detalhadamente descrito muitas das espécies surinamenses até então desconhecidas da ciência. PLANTS BY DANIEL ROLANDER IN DIARIUM SURINAMICUM Phytotaxa 165 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press • 3 Introduction The ostracised Linnaean apostle.—Daniel Rolander (c. 1723–1793) was born and raised in the Swedish province of Småland, as was Carl Linnaeus (see Dobreff 2010, for further bibliographic and biographic information). He was one of Linnaeus’s apostles, selected by Linnaeus to go to Suriname. His voyage to Suriname started on 26 April 1755, departing from the Dutch port of Texel. He disembarked at Paramaribo on 21 June 1755, remaining in Suriname for seven months, and departed by ship on 20 January 1756. He returned to Texel on 14 April 1756, but only arrived by ship in Stockholm on 2 October (Dobreff 2010: 13). Once in Stockholm, he refused to let Linnaeus use or even see his journal (Diarium Surinamicum) and herbarium, which was mentioned by Linnaeus in his Diary: ‘This ungrateful pupil did not give Linnæus any thing he had collected, but slandered him every where’; Pulteney 1805: 548, Linnaeus 1823: 57, Linnaeus 1826: 59, Fries 1903: 54). His intransigence resulted in a permanent break with Linnaeus, who ended his patronage of Rolander (Dobreff in Rolander 2008: 1572, Dobreff 2010: 14). After Rolander’s return, he only published a description of the genus Doliocarpus in the proceedings of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (Rolander 1756), and never published the results of his Suriname expedition, nor succeeded in obtaining an academic position. This, in conjunction with the so-called troubled life after his return from Suriname, have certainly contributed for the poor evaluation given to him by sections of the scholarly community, particularly after Fries (Dobreff 2008: 138). Rolander’s reputation enjoyed till recently the status of being a mentally weak alcoholic. His name was associated with a failed expedition to Suriname, what according to Dobreff (2008: 135–136) could be traced back to the harsh judgment of Theodor Magnus Fries (1903: 51–55), who condemned Rolander in his well documented Linnaeus biography, and whose influence has gained followers. Nevertheless, apart from any dispute or polemical envisage about the man Daniel Rolander (see Pain 2007: 41–45), here we will focus on the work he did in Suriname, based on his own words (which were never read by his detractors), and on the material he brought with him to Europe. The Diarium Surinamicum.—The major legacy left by Rolander from his expedition to Suriname, together with his collections, is a 699 pages manuscript written in Latin that he entitled “Diarium Surinamicum, quod sub itinere exotico conscripsit Daniel Rolander” (unpubl. manuscripts in two parts, hereafter referred as “Mss.”; currently housed at the Botanisk Centralbibliotek of the Botanical Garden and Museum, Copenhagen, Denmark; see Dobreff 2008, 2010, Rolander 2008, Moraes et al. 2009, 2010, Moraes 2012). This scientific journal was initially composed by Rolander during his journey from Uppsala to Suriname and back to Sweden from 1754 to 1756 (Dobreff in Rolander 2008: 1571). A detailed exposition on why Rolander’s journal is currently in Denmark, and not in Sweden, can be found in Dobreff in Rolander (2008: 1572). Dobreff (2008: 138) has also clarified the period from 1761 through 1765, when Rolander lived in Denmark. With the financial assistance and support of Prof. Christian Gottlieb Kratzenstein, in Copenhagen, Rolander completed the final composition of Diarium Surinamicum in 1765 (Dobreff in Rolander 2008: 1572, Dobreff 2008: 138). The personal correspondence of Kratzenstein makes it quite clear that he gave Rolander room and board in his home from 1763 to 1765 on the condition that Rolander used the time to complete the expedition report. Once concluded by Rolander in 1765, he left it with Kratzenstein who promised to find a publisher for it and to see that the profits would go to Rolander. Nevertheless, the diary was never published. It passed eventually to Rottbøll, to other people, and finally in 1811 into the collections of Museum Botanicum in Copenhagen (Dobreff 2010: 25, Moraes et al. 2010: 180). The English translation of Diarium Surinamicum (Rolander 2008; hereafter referred as “DS”) was published by the IK Foundation as part of the project 'The Linnaeus Apostles—Global Science & Adventure'. This translation made by Dobreff and co-workers was the first edition of Rolander’s Diarium Surinamicum to appear in print in any language.