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Home , Caelus, Dike (mythology), Mycenae, Myrmidons, Ourea, Trojan War

Cornell Note Taking Date Topic: Page #

Style( and the ) Main Idea Description (*)

Summary of Notes * History – Is dominated by five major time periods 1.

-Primitive Greece Develops

2. The Greek Dark Ages - Collapse 3. -Chaotic wars for dominance 4. - unite for survival 5. - spreads Greek culture *Mycenae Greece -BEGINS when Minoans visit Greece

-ENDS when the Bronze Age Collapse occurs and the Minoans are conquered by the Mycenaean's

*Greek Nations – Greece was divided into city states called Polis

-Each Polis ruled over nearby villages, like Medieval

-Greece was called Hellas until named it Greece

-Modern Greece was not formed until 1830 *Mycenaean Greece - Named after the strongest Polis of that period, the city of Mycenae, made prominent by who conquers all of Greece and *Trojan War – The most notable event during Mycenaean Greece, but the date is unknown

-Was finally recorded centuries later by in his epic poems, The and *Troy –Located on or Minor -Also called , hence The Iliad

Heinrich Schliemann -Rebuilt numerous times throughout history * – The younger prince of Troy who began the Trojan War by taking with him Helen, Queen of

* – The king of Sparta who asks his brother Agamemnon to invade Troy with him * – The king of Troy during the Trojan War

-His two sons, the Princes of Troy were , their greatest warrior, and Paris. Their cousin was Briseis *Hector –The greatest warrior of Troy who kills

* - The greatest warrior of Greece who kills Hector *Achilles – The greatest warrior among the Greeks

-Made near invulnerable when his mother , a , dips him by his ankle into the River

-Achilles is killed by Paris from an arrow to his ankle -Achilles was also king of the who were a renowned fighting group

-The cousin, and first lover, of Achilles was Patroclus, however Achilles will fall in love with Briseis of Troy

*The Iliad - Is actually the story of the 10th and final year of the Trojan War which is won when of devises the idea of the * – The epic poem by Homer of the return trip to Ithaca for Odysseus that took 10 years

-The trip is plagued with hardship as Odysseus’ pride led him to brag and insult

-He is finally aided by , Goddess of Wisdom

Cornell Note Taking Date Topic: Page #

(TheStyle Greek Dark Ages and ) Main Idea Description (*)

Summary of Notes RECAP 1. Mycenaean Greece

2. The Greek Dark Ages

3. Archaic Greece

4. Classical Greece

5. Hellenistic Greece *Greek Dark Ages – Began with Bronze Age Collapse

-Ends when stability returns to Greece with the creation of City States and expanding empires -The three major events of the Greek Dark Ages were:

A – The adoption of Phoenician vowels into Linear Script B to form Classical Greek

B – The birth of Homer

C-The finalization of the Greek * – Developed by adopting legends and gods from nearby , , and Mesopotamia

-Develops into the final form we today during the Greek Dark Age period Mythology is from Mythos not * – The genderless state of everything in constant conflict -Separated by some unknown force into the first primordial gods *The Primordial Gods – Formed from Chaos into the first parts of existence

-= The Earth

-= Hell

-= Shadows

-= Night

*Gaia– The Earth itself formed the next Primordial Gods

- (Montanus) = Mountains

- (Hydros) = Oceans

- (Typhos) = Storms

- (Caelus) = Sky and

*Uranus (Caelus) – The sky and heavens -Offspring and lover of Gaia -Fathered the Titan and 1stt with Gaia -Became king of the gods *The – The children of Uranus and Gaia

- = Avatar of the Seas

- () and () birth the Olympian Titans

*Cronus (Saturn) – The father of the Olympian Titans -Overthrows his father Uranus by castrating him with a sickle and becomes king of the gods with Rhea as queen

-Uranus prophesizes Cronus is overthrown by his own children and so Cronus begins devouring his children

*’ Rise to Power – Rhea hides Zeus ()on the island of Crete and feeds a disguised rock to Cronus

-Zeus grows to adulthood and forces Cronus to regurgitate his 5 brothers and sisters

* or Titan Wars – The 10 year war between Cronus and the Titans against Zeus and the Olympian Titans

. -The Olympians win and banish the Titans to Tartarus *Olympian Gods – Resided on and became the rulers of the universe dividing creation amongst themselves

The Real Mount Olympus *Zeus (Jupiter)– The King of the gods and men -Lord of the skies, thunder, and lightning -Represented by the Eagle and lightning

-Typhon (Typhos) * () – Queen of the gods and women -Goddess of marriage, symbolized by the peacock * () – God of the underworld Tartarus, Sheol or Hades -Utilized a two pronged pitchfork * () – Goddess of agriculture -Source of the term “cereal” as it is from grains * ()– Goddess of Spring

-The daughter of Zeus and Demeter

-Abducted by Hades who fed her 6 pomegranate seeds causing Zeus to decide she must spend 6 months a year in hades

-Demeter's sorrow for Persephone’s absence causes Winter *Poseidon () – God of the sea, father of horses -Utilized a *Athena ()– Goddess of wisdom and the defensive arts

*Parthenon – The temple of Athena in * – Any fortified hillside * () – God of war and opponent of Athena -Secret lover of father of ()

* () – The god of smiting and fire

-Given Aphrodite's hand in marriage by Zeus

-Was considered the ugliest of the gods *Aphrodite () – Goddess of love, wife of Hephaestus but lover of Ares

-Mother of Eros (Cupid) *Eros (Cupid) – The son of Aphrodite and Ares

-God of affection and desire, not love

-Falls in love with the mortal, and future goddess, Psyche who becomes the of the soul

(Hedon and Voluptuous) * () – The God of the wine, parties and pleasure -Born from the leg of his father Zeus after his mother died * () – Goddess of the kitchen, architecture, and family * () – Messenger of the Gods -God of thieves, travelers, and commerce *Apoll0() – The God of music and the sun -Twin sibling to the Goddess

- () – The Titan personification of the sun

*Artemis () – Goddess of the hunt, wild animals and the moon -Twin sister of Apollo

- () – The titan personification of the moon * (Justitia) – The goddess of human -Blindfolded during the European Renaissance to demonstrate objectivity

* – The goddess of vengeance and divine retribution * ()– The Greek goddess of victory *The – Goddesses of inspiration in the arts and sciences

-9 in total responsible for the receiving of knowledge *The Fates – The Goddesses over the lifespan and of all humans, controlling the threads of life