Cornell Note Taking Date Topic: Page # Style(Mycenae Greece and the Trojan War) Main Idea Description (*) Summary of Notes *Ancient Greek History – Is dominated by five major time periods 1. Mycenaean Greece -Primitive Greece Develops 2. The Greek Dark Ages -Bronze Age Collapse 3. Archaic Greece -Chaotic wars for dominance 4. Classical Greece -Greeks unite for survival 5. Hellenistic Greece -Alexander spreads Greek culture *Mycenae Greece -BEGINS when Minoans visit Greece -ENDS when the Bronze Age Collapse occurs and the Minoans are conquered by the Mycenaean's *Greek Nations – Greece was divided into city states called Polis -Each Polis ruled over nearby villages, like Medieval Europe -Greece was called Hellas until Rome named it Greece -Modern Greece was not formed until 1830 *Mycenaean Greece - Named after the strongest Polis of that period, the city of Mycenae, made prominent by Agamemnon who conquers all of Greece and Troy *Trojan War – The most notable event during Mycenaean Greece, but the date is unknown -Was finally recorded centuries later by Homer in his epic poems, The Iliad and Odyssey *Troy –Located on Turkey or Asia Minor -Also called Ilium, hence The Iliad Heinrich Schliemann -Rebuilt numerous times throughout history *Paris – The younger prince of Troy who began the Trojan War by taking with him Helen, Queen of Sparta *Menelaus – The king of Sparta who asks his brother Agamemnon to invade Troy with him *Priam – The king of Troy during the Trojan War -His two sons, the Princes of Troy were Hector, their greatest warrior, and Paris. Their cousin was Briseis Briseis *Hector –The greatest warrior of Troy who kills Patroclus *Achilles - The greatest warrior of Greece who kills Hector *Achilles – The greatest warrior among the Greeks -Made near invulnerable when his mother Thetis, a Nymph, dips him by his ankle into the River Styx -Achilles is killed by Paris from an arrow to his ankle -Achilles was also king of the Myrmidons who were a renowned fighting group -The cousin, and first lover, of Achilles was Patroclus, however Achilles will fall in love with Briseis of Troy *The Iliad - Is actually the story of the 10th and final year of the Trojan War which is won when Odysseus of Ithaca devises the idea of the Trojan Horse *The Odyssey – The epic poem by Homer of the return trip to Ithaca for Odysseus that took 10 years -The trip is plagued with hardship as Odysseus’ pride led him to brag and insult Poseidon -He is finally aided by Athena, Goddess of Wisdom Cornell Note Taking Date Topic: Page # (TheStyle Greek Dark Ages and Mythology) Main Idea Description (*) Summary of Notes RECAP 1. Mycenaean Greece 2. The Greek Dark Ages 3. Archaic Greece 4. Classical Greece 5. Hellenistic Greece *Greek Dark Ages – Began with Bronze Age Collapse -Ends when stability returns to Greece with the creation of City States and expanding empires -The three major events of the Greek Dark Ages were: A – The adoption of Phoenician vowels into Linear Script B to form Classical Greek B – The birth of Homer C-The finalization of the Greek religion *Greek Mythology – Developed by adopting legends and gods from nearby Egypt, Crete, and Mesopotamia -Develops into the final form we today during the Greek Dark Age period Mythology is from Mythos not Myth *Chaos – The genderless state of everything in constant conflict -Separated by some unknown force into the first primordial gods *The Primordial Gods – Formed from Chaos into the first parts of existence -Gaia= The Earth -Tartarus= Hell -Erebus= Shadows -Nyx= Night *Gaia– The Earth itself formed the next Primordial Gods -Ourea (Montanus) = Mountains -Pontus (Hydros) = Oceans -Typhon (Typhos) = Storms -Uranus (Caelus) = Sky and Heavens *Uranus (Caelus) – The sky and heavens -Offspring and lover of Gaia -Fathered the Titan and 1stt Cyclopes with Gaia -Became king of the gods *The Titans – The children of Uranus and Gaia -Oceanus = Avatar of the Seas -Cronus (Saturn) and Rhea (Ops) birth the Olympian Titans *Cronus (Saturn) – The father of the Olympian Titans -Overthrows his father Uranus by castrating him with a sickle and becomes king of the gods with Rhea as queen -Uranus prophesizes Cronus is overthrown by his own children and so Cronus begins devouring his children *Zeus’ Rise to Power – Rhea hides Zeus (Jupiter)on the island of Crete and feeds a disguised rock to Cronus -Zeus grows to adulthood and forces Cronus to regurgitate his 5 brothers and sisters *Titanomachy or Titan Wars – The 10 year war between Cronus and the Titans against Zeus and the Olympian Titans . -The Olympians win and banish the Titans to Tartarus *Olympian Gods – Resided on Mount Olympus and became the rulers of the universe dividing creation amongst themselves The Real Mount Olympus *Zeus (Jupiter)– The King of the gods and men -Lord of the skies, thunder, and lightning -Represented by the Eagle and lightning -Typhon (Typhos) *Hera (Juno) – Queen of the gods and women -Goddess of marriage, symbolized by the peacock *Hades (Pluto) – God of the underworld Tartarus, Sheol or Hades -Utilized a two pronged pitchfork *Demeter (Ceres) – Goddess of agriculture -Source of the term “cereal” as it is from grains *Persephone (Proserpina)– Goddess of Spring -The daughter of Zeus and Demeter -Abducted by Hades who fed her 6 pomegranate seeds causing Zeus to decide she must spend 6 months a year in hades -Demeter's sorrow for Persephone’s absence causes Winter *Poseidon (Neptune) – God of the sea, father of horses -Utilized a trident *Athena (Minerva)– Goddess of wisdom and the defensive arts *Parthenon – The temple of Athena in Athens *Acropolis – Any fortified hillside *Ares (Mars) – God of war and opponent of Athena -Secret lover of Aphrodite father of Eros (Cupid) *Hephaestus (Vulcan) – The god of smiting and fire -Given Aphrodite's hand in marriage by Zeus -Was considered the ugliest of the gods *Aphrodite (Venus) – Goddess of love, wife of Hephaestus but lover of Ares -Mother of Eros (Cupid) *Eros (Cupid) – The son of Aphrodite and Ares -God of affection and desire, not love -Falls in love with the mortal, and future goddess, Psyche who becomes the personification of the soul (Hedon and Voluptuous) *Dionysus (Liber) – The God of the wine, parties and pleasure -Born from the leg of his father Zeus after his mother died *Hestia (Vesta) – Goddess of the kitchen, architecture, and family *Hermes (Mercury) – Messenger of the Gods -God of thieves, travelers, and commerce *Apoll0(Apollo) – The God of music and the sun -Twin sibling to the Goddess Artemis -Helios (Sol) – The Titan personification of the sun *Artemis (Diana) – Goddess of the hunt, wild animals and the moon -Twin sister of Apollo -Selene (Luna) – The titan personification of the moon *Dike (Justitia) – The goddess of human justice -Blindfolded during the European Renaissance to demonstrate objectivity *Nemesis – The goddess of vengeance and divine retribution *Nike (Victoria)– The Greek goddess of victory *The Muses – Goddesses of inspiration in the arts and sciences -9 in total responsible for the receiving of knowledge *The Fates – The Goddesses over the lifespan and destiny of all humans, controlling the threads of life .