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Från Romartida Skalpeller Till Senvikingatida Urnesspännen Nya Materialstudier Från Uppåkra Hårdh, Birgitta

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Från Romartida Skalpeller Till Senvikingatida Urnesspännen Nya Materialstudier Från Uppåkra Hårdh, Birgitta Från romartida skalpeller till senvikingatida urnesspännen nya materialstudier från Uppåkra Hårdh, Birgitta 2010 Document Version: Förlagets slutgiltiga version Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Hårdh, B. (Red.) (2010). Från romartida skalpeller till senvikingatida urnesspännen: nya materialstudier från Uppåkra. (Acta Archaeologica Lundensia. Series in 8°; Vol. 61). Institutionen för arkeologi och antikens historia, Lunds universitet. Total number of authors: 1 General rights Unless other specific re-use rights are stated the following general rights apply: Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Read more about Creative commons licenses: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. LUND UNIVERSITY PO Box 117 221 00 Lund +46 46-222 00 00 ACTA ARCHAEOLOGICA LUNDENSIA SERIES IN 8°, No. 61 Från romartida skalpeller till senvikingatida urnesspännen Nya materialstudier från Uppåkra REDAKTÖR: BIRGITTA HÅRDH UPPÅKRASTUDIER 11 Tryckt med bidrag från Crafoordska Stiftelsen och Ebbe Kocks stiftelse. I den tryckta upplagan finns följande uppgifter: Omslagsbild: Spänne U2077. Foto: B. Almgren, LUHM © Institutionen för Arkeologi och Antikens Historia Grafisk form: Stilbildarna i Mölle/Frederic Täckström Tryck: Kristianstads Boktryckeri AB, Kristianstad 2010 ISBN 978-91-89578-33-3 ISSN 0065-0994 INNEHÅLL Berta Stjernquist On Fibulae from the Early Iron Age found at Uppåkra 9 Berta Stjernquist Uppåkra Glass from Excavations 2000-2007 25 Annette Frølich Lægekunst i Uppåkra 45 Bertil Helgesson Krigarna från Uppåkra – 1 000 år i järnålderssamhällets tjänst 83 Martin Rundkvist Domed oblong brooches of Vendel Period Scandinavia. Ørsnes types N & O and similar brooches, including transitional types surviving into the Early Viking Period 127 Erika Rosengren Miniatyren – ingen småsak. En presentation av en alternativ tolkning till vapen- och redskapsminiatyrer i Uppåkra 201 Jerry Rosengren Uppåkras ansikte. En komparativ kontextuell analys av Uppåkras maskbilder 213 Michael Neiss Ett barockt borrehuvud från Uppåkra 235 Birgitta Hårdh Viking Age Uppåkra 247 On Fibulae from the Early Iron Age found at Uppåkra Berta Stjernquist Abstract The fibulae treated in this paper are 135 in number, about 100 of them from detector finds, which have not been discussed earlier, and from the systematic excavations about 35 which can be dated to the Roman Iron Age. One is of silver, 13 of iron and all the others of bronze. The problems discussed are the classification, dis- tribution, chronology and function, especially as status indicators. A special part of the paper is dedicated to the magnificent and monstrous fibulae. Some important aspects of the dating given by the fibulae to the structures where they were found are also treated. Berta Stjernquist. Department of Archaeology and Ancient History, University of Lund. Sandgatan 1, SE–223 50 Lund Introduction Fibulae from the Early Iron Age found dur- It should be mentioned that the register ing the detector investigations carried out at of objects from Uppåkra includes 162 fibu- the Uppåkra settlement up to and including lae from the Early Iron Age, 145 of which the summer of 1999 (92 fibulae and 8 frag- are dated to the Roman Iron Age. They are ments) have been treated by Bertil Helgesson all detector finds. The corresponding fibulae and Berta Stjernquist and published in a paper finds from the excavations number about 35. in Uppåkrastudier 3, 2001. The aim was to Accordingly, the total is about 200. present and discuss the results of the preliminary As mentioned, about 100 fibulae, most of type studies and the chronology, the distribution them detector finds, were treated by Helgesson and the information value. Some fibulae found and Stjernquist in Uppåkrastudier 3, 2001. The by early excavations were included. They were, new material available for this paper is from however, few in number and cannot change the the systematic excavations about 35 fibulae special character of the material. Many fibulae which can be dated to the Roman Iron Age, have been found since then by detector inves- some are fragments. One of these is of silver tigations, but above all during the systematic (ID 204061) (Fig. 1), 13 are of iron and all the excavations, on the one hand field courses and others of bronze. Some of the fibulae, about on the other the large systematic excavations 10, from the excavations are later and can be during the years 2000 to 2005/06. dated to the Vendel or Viking periods (see Len- ON FIBULAE FROM THE EARLY IRON AGE FOUND AT UPPÅKRA 9 ntorp Fyndlista, list of finds, from Uppåkra The limit between the Roman Iron Age and 2001–2005, LUHM 31251). But there are the Migration Period was difficult to discern also many fibulae among the detector finds in 2000 (Helgesson & Stjernquist 2001). The available from the same time or from earlier amount of fibulae is, however, larger today, investigations. I have registered about 100, not allowing the transition to appear more pro- published and not counted earlier, which have nounced. This is an important problem which been chosen for the exhibition. Many are whole will be illustrated here. The fibulae may also but most of them consist of big parts. Some have technical details which can illustrate the are more fragmentary. The corpus available for manufacture. The assumption that at least most this paper consists of 35 from the excavations of them were manufactured locally might be and about 100 from the detector investigations, confirmed. Another problem is thefunction of which taken together is about 135. Two of sil- the fibulae beyond the task of fastening the dress ver belonging to C 1 were found during earlier and the pieces of jewellery which the fibulae are excavations (9:1 and 99:2) (Fig. 4). part of. They may have had a signification as The number of fibulae from the Uppåkra means of expression for the identity of a family settlement is now so large that several impor- or a group of people. This function is integrat- tant problems can be discussed. Alexander, in ed with the mentality of man and was very an article from 1973, presents three groups of important (Alexander 1973). If members of problems. The first group, types of evidence, a family or members of several families living can be omitted here. The second group con- near each other had a similar dress and simi- cerns location and object analyses. It takes lar jewellery, it might be because the objects up some elements such as material, distribu- were manufactured locally and given to the tion and chronology which will be treated. children on some occasions in their life such The third group, uses, will also be treated. as birth or coming of age, or buried with peo- It comprises four elements: fasteners, orna- ple. It is important to have a similar means of ments, status indicators and votive offerings. expressing a common identity. Objects with The uses as fasteners and ornaments is rather this function could be called status indicators. traditional and well known and can be treated An important problem to discuss is the summarily. The votive offerings belong to a information the fibulae provide about the special complex of activities, not treated here. structures at the settlement. Because of the The fourth category, status indicators, how- systematic excavation it is possible to evaluate ever, is very important and will be treated in some aspects of the dating given by the fibulae this paper. collected in the structures. Problems The classification The first problems which will be treated are The first step, however, is the classification studies of types and their dating. The result will of the material according to the same princi- be a distribution over the Roman Iron Age ples as used in the article published in 2001. with a classification in B1, B2, C1, C2 and C3. It might be mentioned that in the material The transition to the Migration Period will be treated here some, but very few, fibulae from marked with a group which is called C3/D1. the collection discussed in 2001 will be taken 10 BERTA STJERNQUIST Fig. 1. Fibula ID 204061. Uppåkra. Fig. 2. Fibula ID 206638. Uppåkra. Fig. 3. Fibula LUHM 13017. Find place unknown Fig. 4. Fibula excavated at Uppåkra 9:1. but probably Scania. Fig. 5. Fibula ID 200152. Uppåkra. Fig. 6. Fibula ID 200156. Uppåkra. Fig. 7. Fibula ID 200143. Uppåkra. Fig. 8. Fibula ID 200146. Uppåkra. ON FIBULAE FROM THE EARLY IRON AGE FOUND AT UPPÅKRA 11 up again. This is because they have some fea- U 5705. This is the only one belonging to B1. tures characteristic of the transition which are It was treated in 2001. difficult to distinguish. U 1609, is atypical but might belong to B1. Accordingly, the starting point for this classi- The fibulae belonging to B2 are the following: fication will be six different groups: B1, B2, C1, U 1481. Broad, ribbon-like bow. C2, C3 and the transition group C3/D1. Most U 4547. Broad bow and chord in high posi- of these fibulae are made of bronze. The five tion, rather high catch-plate. groups mentioned first can be defined rather well U 5731.
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