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IN DAVID FRIEDRICH STRAUSS's Life of Jesus Critically Examined THE “NOCTURNAL SIDE OF SCIENCE” IN DAVID FRIEDRICH STRAUss’S LIFE OF JESUS CRITICAllY EXAMINED Press SBL Emory Studies in Early Christianity Vernon K. Robbins, General Editor David B. Gowler, General Editor Bart B. Bruehler, Associate Editor Robert H. von Thaden Jr., Associate Editor Richard S. Ascough Juan Hernández Jr. Susan E. Hylen Brigitte Kahl Mikeal C. Parsons Christopher C. Rowland Russell B. Sisson Elaine M. Wainwright Press SBLNumber 17 THE “NOCTURNAL SIDE OF SCIENCE” IN DAVID FRIEDRICH STRAUSS’S LIFE OF JESUS CRITICALLY EXAMINED Thomas Fabisiak Press SBL Press SBLAtlanta Copyright © 2015 by SBL Press Publication of this volume was made possible by the generous support of the Pierce Pro- gram in Religion of Oxford College of Emory University. The editors of this volume express their sincere gratitude to David E. Orton and Deo Pub- lishing for publication of this series 2009–2013. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by means of any information storage or retrieval system, except as may be expressly permit- ted by the 1976 Copyright Act or in writing from the publisher. Requests for permission should be addressed in writing to the Rights and Permissions Office, SBL Press, 825 Hous- ton Mill Road, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Fabisiak, Thomas. The “nocturnal side of science” in David Friedrich Strauss’s Life of Jesus critically examined / By Thomas Fabisiak. p. cm. — (Society of Biblical Literature Emory studies in early Christianity ; 17) Originally presented as the author’s thesis (doctoral)—Emory University, 2014. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-62837-108-6 (paper binding : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-1-62837-110-9 (electronic format) — ISBN 978-1-62837-109-3 (hardcover binding : alk. paper) 1. Strauss, David Friedrich, 1808–1874. Das leben Jesu. 2. Jesus Christ—Biography. I. Title. BT301.S73F33 2015 230.092—dc23 2015005710 Cover design is an adaptation by Bernard Madden of Rick A. Robbins, Mixed Media (19" x 24" pen and ink on paper, 1981). Online: http://home.comcast.net/~rick1216/Archive/ 1981penink.htm. Cover design used by permissionPress of Deo Publishing. Printed on acid-free, recycled paper conforming to ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (R1997) and ISO 9706:1994 standards for paper permanence. SBL Contents Acknowledgments ...........................................................................................vii Abbreviations ....................................................................................................ix Introduction .......................................................................................................1 1. Strauss on the Science of the Nocturnal Side of Nature .........................23 2. The Nocturnal Side of Strauss’s Historical Critique of Miracle Stories .............................................................................................69 3. Strauss on Myth and the Nocturnal Side of Nature ..............................103 4. The Nocturnal Side of Christian and Modern Origins ........................141 Conclusion: Strauss’s Visions of Modernity and Historical Science .......177 Works Cited ....................................................................................................199 Biblical Index .................................................................................................211 Modern Primary Sources Index ..................................................................213 Modern Authors Index .................................................................................Press 217 SBL Press SBL Acknowledgements I wish first to thank my Ph.D. dissertation committee, in whom I was unusually fortunate, for the environment where this manuscript origi- nated. Professor Geoffrey Bennington and Professor Tina Pippin’s com- ments and questions were crucial to the development of the manuscript. I am grateful for the time that they dedicated to reading and discussing my work, especially as my focus changed. I owe thanks above all to my co-chairs, Professor Jill Robbins and Professor Vernon Robbins. Jill Rob- bins has done more than anyone, through her teaching, her mentorship, and the example of her own work, to raise the standards to which I strive in thinking and writing. In my first semester at Emory, Vernon Robbins introduced me to the then unfamiliar landscape of eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century biblical criticism. Since then, his support, encourage- ment, and scholarly example have been invaluable to me. Vernon Rob- bins and Jill Robbins also deserve special thanks for the time that they dedicated to meeting with me during the final stages of the writing of the manuscript. I benefited from their knowledge and insight in these meet- ings, and I enjoyed our conversations. They trusted me to pursue the way- ward course of my research and helped me draw it back within the realm of legibility. I am also highly grateful for the generous support of the Pierce program in Religion of Oxford College of Emory University, which made possible the publication of this volume. I am deeply indebted to Professor Elisabeth Schüssler Fiorenza, who taught me to think critically about thePress discipline of biblical studies and encouraged me to imagine what it might be. For their guidance, example, and encouragement, I must also thank Professors Kim Haines-Eitzen, Nancy Bouzrara, Eric Reinders, Elizabeth Bounds, Deborah Ayer, Carol Newsom, and Carl Holladay. Conversations with Professors Yvonne Sher- wood, Steven Kraftchick, and Sander Gilman also influenced the course of my research. SBL-vii - viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The students, teachers, and staff of the Candler Certificate in Theolog- ical Studies Program at Lee Arrendale Correctional Facility; the adminis- tration, graduate fellows, and undergraduate staff of the Emory Writing Center; the staff of the Emory Writing Program; and the staff of the Grad- uate Writing Support Service at Woodruff Library have all contributed to my intellectual and writerly development. My work in these contexts con- tributed to a number of the driving questions behind the manuscript. Many friends deserve thanks for their important roles in my life and work as I completed this project. Conversations with Joseph Laycock and Catherine Morgan had a significant impact on the manuscript. Tiffany Hodge, Anne Dalphin, and George Dalphin provided essential moral support and intellectual inspiration. Christopher Keister, Regan Eldridge, Justin Roig, Susannah Laramee-Kidd, Joshua Laramee-Kidd, Leah Rosenberg, Jean-Paul Cauvin, David Morgen, Sarah Feuquay, and Steven Alvarez have been invaluable conversation partners and have generally been a blast to be around over the last few years. I have benefited as well from conversations and friendships with Samira Mehta, Cayenne Claas- sen-Luttner, Ingrid Lilly, Yoshimi Azuma, Janelle Peters, Letitia Camp- bell, Barry Sawicki, Christina Conroy, Cathy Zappa, Galen Richmond, Meggie Dant, Emily Brennan, Manuela Ceballos, Kelly Murphy, George Branch-Trevathan, Elizabeth Venell, Carl Hughes, Moira Diaz-French, Kate Wilkinson, Nate Hofer, Kazumi Hasegawa, Diana Louis, and Camila Restrepo. For her incredible support in the final stages of the project, I wish to thank Christy Bradley. Lastly, I wish to thank my family, Kathleen Fox, Stan Fox, Susie Fox, and Seann Colgan, along with my best friend, Tyson Black. You deserve more gratitude than I can express. I am grateful for your support, of course, and patience, but also because I can see the influence of each of you in this work, which have been a consolation and an encouragement throughout the process. I dedicate this book to my uncle andPress godfather, Raymond Fabisiak. SBL Abbreviations ARA Annual Review of Anthropology CH Church History HLQ Huntington Library Quarterly JR Journal of Religion JWK Jahrbücher für wissenschaftliche Kritik LJ 1835 Strauss, David Friedrich. Das Leben Jesu: Kritisch bearbe- itet. Vol. 1. Tübingen: Osiander, 1835. LJ 1836 Strauss, David Friedrich. Das Leben Jesu: Kritisch bearbe- itet. Vol. 2. Tübingen: Osiander, 1836. LJ 1840 Strauss, David Friedrich. Das Leben Jesu: Kritisch bearbe- itet. Vol. 2. Tübingen: Osiander, 1840. LJ 1892 Strauss, David Friedrich. The Life of Jesus Critically Exam- ined. Translated by George Eliot. New York: Macmillan, 1892. Translation of Das Leben Jesu: Kritisch bearbeitet. 2 vols. 4th rev. ed. Tübingen: Osiander, 1839–1840. NLJ 1865 Strauss, David Friedrich. A New Life of Jesus. London: Williams & Norgate, 1865. Translation of Das Leben Jesu: Für das deutsche Volk bearbeitet. Leipzig: Brockhaus, 1864. NTM Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Ethik der Naturwissen- schaften, Techik, und Medizin NTS New Testament Studies OFN 1872 Strauss, David Friedrich.Press The Old Faith and the New: A Confession. Translated by Mathilde Blind. 2 vols. New York: Holt, 1873. Translation of Der alte und der neue Glaube: Ein Bekentniss. 6th edition. Leipzig: Hirzel, 1872. OFN 1873 Strauss, David Friedrich. Der alte und der neue Glaube: Ein Bekentniss. 6th ed. Leipzig: Hirzel, 1872. RH 19 Revue d’histoire du XIXe siècle SBL-ix - x ABBREVIATIONS Streitschriften Strauss, David Friedrich. Die Evangelische Kirchenzei- tung, die Jahrbücher für wissenschaftliche Kritik und die theologischen Studien und Kritiken in ihrer Stellung zu meiner kritischen Bearbeitbung des Lebens Jesu. Vol. 3 of Streitschriften zur
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