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From September 1942 to December 1944, A RETRO SPECIAL rom September 1942 to December 1944, a special branch of the U.S. Federal Civil Service played a crucial role in the American war effort. This unit had no official military standing, F but its pilots flew more than 60 million miles, transporting every type of military aircraft, and they even took part in live anti-aircraft gunfire practice and simulated strafing missions. Sadly, 38 pilots were killed in the line of duty, and one was lost and presumed killed while on a ferrying mission during World War II. All of these pilots were women, and in August 5, 1943, they were given the Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASP) label to fly military aircraft and free up male pilots for combat and other duties. Despite their contributions, it was only in 1977 that WASP members were finally granted veteran status for their service. In 2009, they were awarded Congressional Gold Medals. TAKING FLIGHT While female pilots regularly fly combat missions around the world today, in the 1930s, the chief of the U.S. Army Air Corps called a War Department idea to use women pilots “utterly unfeasible” and argued that women were too “high strung.” However, aviation pioneers like Amelia Earhart and THE Jacqueline Cochran proved that women could indeed fly. WAS P s REMEMBERING THE VITAL FEMALE PILOTS WHO HELPED THE WWII AMERICAN WAR EFFORT of (BY PETER SUCIU) 48 TACTICAL LIFE | DEC. | 2019 TACTICAL-LIFE.COM TACTICAL-LIFE.COM DEC. | 2019 | TACTICAL LIFE 49 THE WASPS OF WWII DoD Photos Four members of the WASP program Jacqueline Cochran wrote to First Lady Eleanor leave one of their B-17 Roosevelt in 1939 to suggest that female pilots could be Flying Fortresses at employed in a national emergency in non-combat roles. Lockburne Air Force Mrs. Roosevelt introduced Cochran to General Henry H. Base in Ohio. Arnold, chief of the Army Air Corps, and General Robert Olds, soon to be head of the Air Transport Command (ATC). When WWII broke out in Europe, Cochran volun- teered to fly planes for the British Air Transport Auxiliary , (ATA) and even recruited other American female pilots. In AMERICA S FIRST total, 25 women flew for the ATA, and these were the first American women to fly combat aircraft. FEMALE FIGHTER PILOT Meanwhile, test pilot Nancy Harkness Love, another n 1993, more than 30 years after the WASP program had female aviation pioneer, proposed a similar plan to the Air ended, Jeannie Marie Leavitt became the U.S. Air Force’s Corps Ferrying Command, but nothing was done until the I first female fighter pilot. The daughter of an Air Force U.S. entered the war at the end of 1941. Love also hap- enlisted man, she began her pilot training at Laughlin Air Force pened to be married to an Army Air Corps Reserve officer Base and later flew more than 300 combat hours over Afghani- who worked for the unit’s commander, Colonel William stan and Iraq. During Operation Southern Watch in 1995, H. Tunner. Love and Tunner devised a plan for an aviation Leavitt supported a Royal Air Force Tornado GR1 that was ferrying program that utilized female pilots. Originally under threat from Iraqi Roland surface-to-air missiles. Tunner suggested the pilots would serve She later took command of the 333rd Fighter as part of the Women’s Army Auxiliary Squadron at Seymour Johnson Air Force Base in North Corps (WAAC), but a new civilian unit Carolina, and was then appointed commander of was created as the Women’s Auxiliary the 4th Fighter Wing in 2012. In 2016, she became Ferrying Squadron (WAFS) instead. the first woman to take control of the 57th Wing at The unit never numbered more than Nellis Air Force Base in Nevada and was promoted 28 pilots, but it required that female to brigadier general. —Peter Suciu pilots have at least 500 hours of flying time and a 200-horsepower engine rating. However, the women who joined the WAFS actually averaged about 1,000 hours JEANNIE MARIE LEAVITT 50 TACTICAL LIFE | DEC. | 2019 TACTICAL-LIFE.COM THE WASPS OF WWII , “MORE THAN 25,000 WOMEN AUTO-ORDNANCE s APPLIED FOR PILOT TRAINING UNDER THE WASP PROGRAM FLY GIRLS 1911 know this might sound awful, but World AND 1,830 WERE ACCEPTED…” War II has got to be one of the best I things that ever happened for women’s rights and equality in the underappreciated United States. Ladies all across the group of trailblazers. U.S. got the an opportunity to shine and The company paid prove that their worth went beyond great attention to detail marriage or maintaining a home. when creating the gun With so many men serving in the and really did its homework, armed forces, the U.S. really had no making sure it represented these other choice but to ask women to help with women as accurately and respectfully the war effort. Women took over the jobs the as possible. The pistol’s right side fea- fellas had left behind and went into overdrive tures the WASP winged-diamond badge to build whatever the armed forces needed. as well “1941-47” and “Pistol Packin’ Some women joined the military ranks them- Mama.” Engraved on the left side is “The selves, though often in a less-than-official Original Fly Girls” and the cartoon grem- capacity. Either way, today’s women owe lin “Fifinella”—designed by Walt Disney the women of that time a huge thank you for and used as the official WASP mascot. of flying experience. The original mission volunteering to do some seriously The U.S. Army Air Corps roun- was to ferry U.S. Army Air Forces (USAAF) dangerous things, only to be del is on both sides of the slide. trainers and light aircraft from their factories considered less worthy than “real” SPEC BOX The slide and frame sport to bases in the U.S., but soon the pilots were soldiers, airmen and sailors. CALIBER .45 ACP a special green and black Cera- delivering fighters, bombers and transports. There’s no better example of this kote finish, and Auto-Ordnance Jacqueline Cochran, who had observed the BARREL 5 inches Nancy Harkness Love than the WASPs of WWII. Though includes checkered, double- Royal Air Force (RAF) in combat while in the UK, 8.5 inches was the first woman to be they were met with almost over- OA LENGTH diamond wooden grips with returned to the U.S. the day before the announce- certified to fly the B-17 Flying whelming prejudice and knew that WEIGHT 35 ounces (empty) “U.S.” on both sides. The pistol Fortress (shown) and several ment of the WAFS and was angry that Love’s proposal they would not become permanent arrives in a cardboard box with other military aircraft. had been accepted while her own was rejected. GRIPS Checkered wood fixtures in military aviation, they did a seven-round magazine—the Cochran made her case effectively, however, and was SIGHTS Blade front, adjustable rear it anyway—and looked damn good same capacity for all M1911A1 soon designated as the director of the Women’s Flying ACTION SA Training Detachment (WFTD). at it! Without the kind of moxie these pistols back then. FINISH Cerakote The 23-week training program began in Houston women displayed, who knows how TRIGGER TIME: Like other before moving to Sweetwater, Texas, where the far behind women would be today. CAPACITY 7+1 1911s, the Fly Girls pistol SPECIAL EDITION: Thankfully, balances well but packs a .45 program was increased to 30 weeks with 210 hours MSRP $1,240 of flying time. Trainees were originally between 21 to honor the bravery and sacrifice ACP punch. The trigger is won- and 35 years old, but that was later dropped to just of the WASPs, Auto-Ordnance has derful, the gun ran everything 18 years of age. Every trainee also had to have had unveiled a custom-engraved 1911 I fed it, and I had no trouble putting rounds on at least 200 hours of flight time, but that was later that memorializes this target in short order. And it actually reduced to just 35 hours. The female pilots were seems like you can own a piece taught to fly military aircraft according to USAAF of history. The commemorative instructions, and emphasized cross-country flying Fly Girls 1911 from Auto-Ordnance is with less emphasis on acrobatics and no gunnery certainly something to be coveted and or close-formation flight training. WFTD pilots were admired. If you want to add another issued large khaki coveralls, or “zoot suits,” rather than 1911 to your collection, I can’t military uniforms, and the pilots were ordered to wear think of a better version to own. the most appropriate shoes as well as hair nets. (auto-ordnance.com) The WAFS and WFTD complemented each other, —Lauren Young but the two units were merged into a single group, DoD Photo the WASP, in August of 1943, with Cochran as the 52 TACTICAL LIFE | DEC. | 2019 TACTICAL-LIFE.COM TACTICAL-LIFE.COM DEC. | 2019 | TACTICAL LIFE 53 THE WASPS OF WWII USAAF director for female pilots and Love serving pilots and was considered to be an as the WASP executive on the ATC’s Ferrying “intruder” until she became the fourth Division staff. More than 25,000 women applied in the group to fly solo in the fighter for pilot training under the WASP program and aircraft. WASPs were soon ferrying 1,830 were accepted, while 1,074 graduated and the planes from their factories and INSIDE THE NATIONAL 900 remained in service at the program’s end.
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