Poultry Export Guide: Poland, Ukraine, Estonia, Latvia September, 1998

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Poultry Export Guide: Poland, Ukraine, Estonia, Latvia September, 1998 United States Department of Agriculture Poultry Export Guide: Agricultural Marketing Service Poland, Ukraine, Transportation and Marketing Estonia, Latvia Division September 1998 Poultry Export Guide: Poland, Ukraine, Estonia, Latvia September, 1998 This report was prepared by Debra Tropp, Agricultural For further information contact: Economist, Marketing and Transportation Analysis Program, Marketing and Transportation Analysis Program Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS), U.S. Department of Agricultural Marketing Service Agriculture (USDA) and Alexander Hristov, Research U.S. Department of Agriculture Fellow, Center for Agribusiness Policy Studies (CAPS), Room 1207, South Building Arizona State University. Funding for the study was provid- Washington, D.C. 20250 ed by the Transportation and Marketing Program Area, Telephone: (202) 690-1303 AMS/USDA, within the framework of a joint cooperative Facsimile: (202) 690-3616 agreement between AMS and CAPS. The views expressed herein are not necessarily those of the Agricultural Marketing Service or the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, gen- der, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, and marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of pro- gram information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 14th and Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call (202) 720-5964 (voice or TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. i Acronyms and Abbreviations AMS Agricultural Marketing Service (USDA agency) c.i.f. cost, insurance, and freight CMR Contract for International Carriage of Goods by Roads ECU European Currency Unit EFFA Estonian Freight Forwarder Association ERS Economic Research Service (USDA agency) ESTMA Estonian Maritime Agency, Ltd. FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAS Foreign Agricultural Service (USDA agency) f.a.s. free alongside ship FSIS Food Safety and Inspection Service (USDA agency) IMF International Monetary Fund LOA length overall MMT million metric tons MT metric ton NIS Newly Independent States PIERS Port Import Export Reporting Service PKP Polish State Railways RCP Riga (Latvia) Commercial Port SED Shipper’s Export Declaration TIR transports internationaux routiers (international road transportation) TM Transportation and Marketing Program Area TT Mutual Through Transport Club US$ U.S. dollars VAT value-added tax ii Poultry Export Guide Polish/Ukrainian/Baltic Region FINLAND Tallinn ESTONIA RUSSIA Riga LATVIA Baltic Sea LITHUANIA Gdynia BELARUS GERMANY POLAND Warsaw Lublin UKRAINE Lviv CZECH Kiev SLOVAKIA AUSTRIA HUNGARY Odessa Illyichevsk ROMANIA Black Sea BULGARIA iii Baltic Sea Ports NORWAY SWEDEN FINLAND Gulf of Bothnia St. Petersburg Tallinn ESTONIA North Sea LATVIA Riga DENMARK Baltic RUSSIA Sea LITHUANIA Gdynia NETHERLANDS Gdansk BELARUS Hamburg Rotterdam Bremerhaven POLAND GERMANY UKRAINE BELGIUM CZECH SLOVAKIA MOLDOVA SWITZERLAND AUSTRIA HUNGARY ROMANIA Black Sea BULGARIA TURKEY Mediterranean Sea iv Poultry Export Guide Ukrainian Black Sea Ports Dnepropetrovsk Zaporozhye Krivoy Rog Donetsk Botosani UKRAINE MOLDOVA RUSSIA Chisinau Nikolayev Frunze Odessa Kherson Illyichevsk Kransnodar Simferopol Sochi ROMANIA Constanta Black Bucharest Sea Varna Poti GEORGIA BULGARIA Burgas Zonguildak Istanbul Ankara Bursa TURKEY v vi Poultry Export Guide Foreword The “Poultry Export Guide” is intended for use by U.S. shipments by analyzing the comparative costs and time poultry producers, processors, and shippers alike. It includes requirements involved in the transport of poultry products information on transportation and distribution options that from the U.S. to Ukraine through a transshipment port on the can be used to deliver U.S. poultry cargo to Poland, an Baltic Sea, as opposed to direct shipments to a port on a important market outlet for U.S. poultry for both domestic Black Sea. As part of this analysis, the guide examines: consumption and reexport purposes, and Ukraine, where demand for U.S. poultry has surged during the past couple of • The most commonly used maritime routes and carriers for years. In addition, the guide includes information about the transshipments and for direct shipments; growing importance of Estonia and Latvia as transshipment • Costs and transit times of ocean freight and intermodal points for U.S. poultry headed for Ukraine and other Newly transportation links to final destinations; Independent States of the former Soviet Union (NIS). Please • Availability and costs of port services at various points of note, that the inclusion of any particular firm does not entry; connote an official endorsement by the U.S. Department • Costs and time requirements of inspection and customs of Agriculture. clearance; • Official documentation and quality requirements for The report has been divided up into six chapters, each of product importation; which addresses separate aspects of the process of exporting • Buyer product and packaging preferences; and frozen poultry to Poland, Ukraine, Estonia, and Latvia, • Channels of distribution and market segmentation. including: The idea for the study was sparked by comments made by • Structure of U.S. poultry trade in the region; two Polish delegates participating in a wholesale marketing • Import requirements and product preferences; training program sponsored by the Transportation and • Maritime and intermodal transportation options; Marketing Program Area (TM) of USDA’s Agricultural • Inspection and customs clearance procedures; Marketing Service in the fall of 1995. The two participants, • Wholesale and retail marketing channels for imported Jacek Austen, President of the Pomeranian Wholesale Agri- poultry products; and Food Center Company, Gdansk, and Dr. Wojciech • Freight transit times and costs from origin to final Ciechomski, Professor, International Institute of Agricultural destination through various ports of entry. Marketing and Management, Warsaw, suggested that it might be appropriate for USDA to investigate the growing role of By utilizing the comprehensive Table of Contents and List of Polish port facilities in serving as a gateway for perishable Tables in the front of the Poultry Export Guide, the reader food products to the republics of the former Soviet Union, can easily target information pertaining to his or her specific and that they would be willing to offer their services in area of interest. Moreover, each of the chapters is designed arranging relevant field interviews. At around the same time, to be read independently, permitting the reader to focus on a TM learned that the Center for Agribusiness Policy Studies specific export-related issue without having to read the entire at Arizona State University had a working relationship with document. However, for other prospective and current businesspeople in Ukraine involved in the distribution and exporters of U.S. poultry meat who may be unfamiliar with marketing of imported poultry, and would be able to offer the Polish/Ukrainian/Baltic region, the entire report can also its services in arranging field interviews with industry be read as a detailed, comprehensive outline of the various representatives in Ukraine to study distribution and steps involved in transporting and distributing frozen poultry marketing alternatives for U.S. poultry in the growing cargo from the U.S. to these destination markets. Ukrainian market. Through the combined contacts of TM and the Center for Agribusiness Policy Studies, the joint In recent months, transit time disadvantages, infrequent USDA/Arizona State research team conducted personal service, and the high costs of direct maritime transportation interviews with more than 60 individuals during the course from the U.S. East and Gulf Coasts to the Black Sea ports of of a 3-week trip to Poland and Ukraine in June 1996. They Ukraine, coupled with infrastructural constraints in the also obtained additional technical information about various capacity of Ukrainian (and Russian) ports to handle aspects of marketing and transporting U.S. poultry products refrigerated and containerized cargo, have prompted a in Poland and Ukraine from additional correspondence with groundswell of poultry transshipments through the Baltic many of these initial interview subjects and their referrals. Sea ports of Poland, Estonia, and Latvia to markets in the NIS. One of the primary objectives of undertaking this The research upon which the study was based would not study was to investigate the rationale behind the rise in trans- have been possible without the help of several individuals Foreword vii who went beyond the call of duty in arranging personal John Holmes, Managing Director, Baltic and Orient Freight interviews for the USDA/Arizona State research team and Forwarders, Odessa, Ukraine providing detailed information about industry practices in L. Robin Hudgins, Sales Coordinator, Maersk, Inc., Norfolk, subsequent correspondence. In alphabetical order, the VA individuals who deserve special recognition for their help Sergei Ignatenko, Managing Director, Estonian Maritime and cooperation in making this publication
Recommended publications
  • Bibliography
    BIbLIOGRAPHY 2016 AFI Annual Report. (2017). Alliance for Financial Inclusion. Retrieved July 31, 2017, from https://www.afi-global.org/sites/default/files/publica- tions/2017-05/2016%20AFI%20Annual%20Report.pdf. A Law of the Abolition of Currencies in a Small Denomination and Rounding off a Fraction, July 15, 1953, Law No.60 (Shōgakutsūka no seiri oyobi shiharaikin no hasūkeisan ni kansuru hōritsu). Retrieved April 11, 2017, from https:// web.archive.org/web/20020628033108/http://www.shugiin.go.jp/itdb_ housei.nsf/html/houritsu/01619530715060.htm. About PBC. (2018, August 21). The People’s Bank of China. Retrieved August 21, 2018, from http://www.pbc.gov.cn/english/130712/index.html. About Us. Alliance for Financial Inclusion. Retrieved July 31, 2017, from https:// www.afi-global.org/about-us. AFI Official Members. Alliance for Financial Inclusion. Retrieved July 31, 2017, from https://www.afi-global.org/sites/default/files/inlinefiles/AFI%20 Official%20Members_8%20February%202018.pdf. Ahamed, L. (2009). Lords of Finance: The Bankers Who Broke the World. London: Penguin Books. Alderman, L., Kanter, J., Yardley, J., Ewing, J., Kitsantonis, N., Daley, S., Russell, K., Higgins, A., & Eavis, P. (2016, June 17). Explaining Greece’s Debt Crisis. The New York Times. Retrieved January 28, 2018, from https://www.nytimes. com/interactive/2016/business/international/greece-debt-crisis-euro.html. Alesina, A. (1988). Macroeconomics and Politics (S. Fischer, Ed.). NBER Macroeconomics Annual, 3, 13–62. Alesina, A. (1989). Politics and Business Cycles in Industrial Democracies. Economic Policy, 4(8), 57–98. © The Author(s) 2018 355 R. Ray Chaudhuri, Central Bank Independence, Regulations, and Monetary Policy, https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-58912-5 356 BIBLIOGRAPHY Alesina, A., & Grilli, V.
    [Show full text]
  • The Retrofit Project
    The Retrofit Project Retrofitting to reduce CO2 emission – a case study of three different vessels www. greenship.org The Retrofit Project This report is a product of a Green Ship of the Future It is intended to inspire for a financial sustainable collaboration, supported by The Danish Maritime way to invest in green solutions that minimize the Fund. The objective of this project is to explore the energy need and thereby our impact on the earth. potential of today's available and proven technolo- Furthermore, it is meant as an inspiration for ship- gies to reduce emissions and energy consumption. owners on where and how to look for fuel reduction potential, both on existing vessels and when plan- ning future fleets. Project partners Read more about the participating partners at the end of the report. Retrofit Series 2020 2 HAFNIA LISE VICTORIA SEAWAYS MAERSK TIANJIN Executive Summary The arguably most pressing environmental impact emitted per year. This is due to a different operation- from shipping, is the emission of greenhouse gas al pattern. While, there are differences between the (GHG) – especially the emission of CO2. It is evident individual vessels and participating providers ana- that implementation of a GHG neutral fuel is neces- lyzing the cases, and it is therefore not possible to sary, from both an environmental, climate and com- directly compare them, there were several general pliance perspective, but it is also evident that it will learnings that can be drawn. These are elaborated be years before we can rely purely on sustainable in the conclusion. It is vital to mention that there are sources of energy.
    [Show full text]
  • The Rev. Dr. Robert M. Roegner
    RLCMussiaS WORLD MISSIONandTOUR the Baltics May 22 - June 4, 2007 Hosted by The Rev. Dr. Robert & Kristi Roegner The Rev. Dr. William & Carol Diekelman The Rev. Brent & Jennie Smith 3 o c s o M , n i l m e r K e h t n a e r a u - S e R Dear Friends o. LCMS World Mission, One never knoIs Ihere and Ihen od Iill open a door for the ood NeIs of Jesus. /ith the fall of the Iron Curtain, od opened a door of huge opportunity in Russia and Eastern Europe. ,he collapse of European Communism also brought us in touch--and in partnership--Iith felloI Lutherans Iho by od's grace had remained steadfast in the faith through decades of persecuMOSCOWtion. ,oday, LCMS /orld Mission and its partners are AblaLe! as Ie seek to share the ospel Iith 100 million unreached or uncommitted people IorldIide by 2017, the 500th anniversary of the Reformation. I invite you to join me and my Iife, $risti, and LCMS First .ice President Bill Diekelman and his Iife, Carol, on a very special AblaLe! tour of Russia, Latvia, and Lithuania. Joining and guiding us Iill be LCMS /orld Mission's Eurasia regional director, Rev. Brent Smith, and his STIife, Jennie. PETERSBURG Not only Iill Ie visit some of the Iorld's most famous, historic, and grand sites, but you Iill have the rare opportunity to meet Iith LCMS missionaries and felloI Lutherans from our partner churches for a first-hand look at hoI od is using them to proclaim the ospel in a region once closed to us.
    [Show full text]
  • Welfare Reforms in Post-Soviet States: a Comparison
    WELFARE REFORMS IN POST-SOVIET STATES: A COMPARISON OF SOCIAL BENEFITS REFORM IN RUSSIA AND KAZAKHSTAN by ELENA MALTSEVA A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Political Science University of Toronto © Copyright by Elena Maltseva (2012) Welfare Reforms in Post-Soviet States: A Comparison of Social Benefits Reform in Russia and Kazakhstan Elena Maltseva Doctor of Philosophy Political Science University of Toronto (2012) Abstract: Concerned with the question of why governments display varying degrees of success in implementing social reforms, (judged by their ability to arrive at coherent policy outcomes), my dissertation aims to identify the most important factors responsible for the stagnation of social benefits reform in Russia, as opposed to its successful implementation in Kazakhstan. Given their comparable Soviet political and economic characteristics in the immediate aftermath of Communism’s disintegration, why did the implementation of social benefits reform succeed in Kazakhstan, but largely fail in Russia? I argue that although several political and institutional factors did, to a certain degree, influence the course of social benefits reform in these two countries, their success or failure was ultimately determined by the capacity of key state actors to frame the problem and form an effective policy coalition that could further the reform agenda despite various political and institutional obstacles and socioeconomic challenges. In the case of Kazakhstan, the successful implementation of the social benefits reform was a result of a bold and skillful endeavour by Kazakhstani authorities, who used the existing conditions to justify the reform initiative and achieve the reform’s original objectives.
    [Show full text]
  • Developing the Rule of Law in Ukraine: Achievements, Impacts, and Challenges
    DEVELOPING THE RULE OF LAW IN UKRAINE: ACHIEVEMENTS, IMPACTS, AND CHALLENGES A Retrospective of Lessons Learned for the Donor Community Ten Years after Independence Prepared for the E&E Bureau USAID by Mark Dietrich Richard Blue Management Systems International Draft June 2002 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.........................................................................................................ii I. INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................................1 A. Goals, Scope, and Methodology ................................................................................1 B. Historical and Political Context .................................................................................2 II. THE LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK ................................................................................5 A. Current Status............................................................................................................5 B. Donor Interventions and Impact.................................................................................9 III. JUDICIAL REFORM .......................................................................................................12 A. Current Status..........................................................................................................12 B. Donor Interventions and Impact...............................................................................21 IV. ACCESS TO JUSTICE.....................................................................................................26
    [Show full text]
  • The Petersburg Text in Russian Literature of the 1990 S
    THE PETERSBURG TEXT IN RUSSIAN LITERATURE OF THE 1990 S by DARIA S. SMIRNOVA A THESIS Presented to the Russian, East European, and Eurasian Studies Program and the Graduate School of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts September 2012 THESIS APPROVAL PAGE Student: Daria S. Smirnova Title: The Petersburg Text in Russian Literature of the 1990s This thesis has been accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Arts degree in the Russian, East European, and Eurasian Studies Program by: Dr. Katya Hokanson Chairperson Dr. Jenifer Presto Member and Kimberly Andrews Espy Vice President for Research & Innovation/Dean of the Graduate School Original approval signatures are on file with the University of Oregon Graduate School. Degree awarded September 2012 ii © 2012 Daria S. Smirnova iii THESIS ABSTRACT Daria S. Smirnova Master of Arts Russian, East European, and Eurasian Studies Program September 2012 Title: The Petersburg Text in Russian Literature of the 1990s The image of Saint Petersburg has influenced the imagination of Russian writers since the establishment of this city in 1703. Today, it is common to speak about the Petersburg Text in Russian literature that has its own mythology, imagery, and stylistics. However, the research in this sphere is predominately concentrated on works written before the second half of the 20th century. This thesis addresses the revival of the Petersburg mythology in the 1990s in works by such authors as Mikhail Veller, Andrei Konstantinov, and Marusia Klimova. It illustrates how the reinvention of traditional Petersburg themes contributed to the representation of the “wild 1990s” reality.
    [Show full text]
  • Russian Museums Visit More Than 80 Million Visitors, 1/3 of Who Are Visitors Under 18
    Moscow 4 There are more than 3000 museums (and about 72 000 museum workers) in Russian Moscow region 92 Federation, not including school and company museums. Every year Russian museums visit more than 80 million visitors, 1/3 of who are visitors under 18 There are about 650 individual and institutional members in ICOM Russia. During two last St. Petersburg 117 years ICOM Russia membership was rapidly increasing more than 20% (or about 100 new members) a year Northwestern region 160 You will find the information aboutICOM Russia members in this book. All members (individual and institutional) are divided in two big groups – Museums which are institutional members of ICOM or are represented by individual members and Organizations. All the museums in this book are distributed by regional principle. Organizations are structured in profile groups Central region 192 Volga river region 224 Many thanks to all the museums who offered their help and assistance in the making of this collection South of Russia 258 Special thanks to Urals 270 Museum creation and consulting Culture heritage security in Russia with 3M(tm)Novec(tm)1230 Siberia and Far East 284 © ICOM Russia, 2012 Organizations 322 © K. Novokhatko, A. Gnedovsky, N. Kazantseva, O. Guzewska – compiling, translation, editing, 2012 [email protected] www.icom.org.ru © Leo Tolstoy museum-estate “Yasnaya Polyana”, design, 2012 Moscow MOSCOW A. N. SCRiAbiN MEMORiAl Capital of Russia. Major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation center of Russia and the continent MUSEUM Highlights: First reference to Moscow dates from 1147 when Moscow was already a pretty big town.
    [Show full text]
  • Press Release Leading Danish Companies Join Forces On
    Supported by 26 May 2020 Press release Leading Danish companies join forces on an ambitious sustainable fuel project Copenhagen Airports, A.P. Moller - Maersk, DSV Panalpina, DFDS, SAS and Ørsted have formed the first partnership of its kind to develop an industrial-scale production facility to produce sustainable fuels for road, maritime and air transport in the Copenhagen area. The partnership brings together the demand and supply side of sustainable fuels with a vision to realise what could become one of the world’s largest electrolyser and sustainable fuel production facilities. The project can spearhead the maturation of sustainable fuels while creating jobs and new value chains to reinforce Denmark’s role as a green energy leader. Copenhagen Airports, A.P. Moller - Maersk, DSV Panalpina, DFDS, SAS and Ørsted have brought together the demand and supply side of sustainable fuels in a unique partnership with the concrete vision to develop a new ground-breaking hydrogen and e-fuel production facility as soon as 2023. When fully scaled-up by 2030, the project could deliver more than 250,000 tonnes of sustainable fuel for busses, trucks, maritime vessels, and airplanes every year. Production would potentially be based on a total electrolyser capacity of 1.3 gigawatts, which would likely make it one of the world’s largest facilities of its kind. The production from the fully scaled facility can reduce annual carbon emissions by 850,000 tonnes. COWI and BCG act as knowledge partners for the project, and the project is supported by the Municipality of Copenhagen in line with Copenhagen’s ambitious policies for decarbonisation.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ukrainian Weekly 1994, No.45
    www.ukrweekly.com 1NS1DE: e Washingtonians demonstrate outside CBS offices - page 3. e Reaction to "The Ugly Face of Freedom - pages 6-7. - President Leonid Kuchma concludes visit to Canada - pages 10-13. Published by the Ukrainian National Association inc., a fraternal non-profit association vol. LXII No. 45 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 6,1994 75 cents Ukraine wins pledge of Si .2 billion in assistance from G-7 by Christopher Guly Spec tat to The Ukrauva;uan Weekly W?NNiPFC -– A-'though Russia at?empied to lay 'J!';MTI U 'X-1 c! C 7 ач! going Ukraine's way 'ind insist- on 1 :MS a -ч)!е n Ukraine's economic reform, President І.чгжі Kuchma was able to leave Canada with Si.2 bil– i'O'i in nev assistance Ггот the world's largest industri– a'hzed states Highly senior oH'icials representing 14 delegations, including those from Canada, the United States (President Clinton's adviser on the former Soviet Union, Deputy Secretary of State Strobe Talbott, was with the delegation), France, Germany, Great Britain, ltaly, Japan, Russia, Turkmenistan, Ukraine (led by Economy Minister Roman Shpek), as well as the three world financial institutions — the international Monetary Fund, the World Bank and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development — agreed to the boost for Ukraine. Another S2.2 billion could be forthcoming in the next f"v months as the world's leading economic powers help move Ukraine from a centrally planned economy to a market-driven capitalist system. For G-7 countries, however, the aid package promised Ukraine also appeared to be aimed not at handing Ukraine "charity," as described by Russian Foreign Minister Andiei Kozyrev (a surprise visitor to the confcience), but at entering a partnership with the Kyyiv government on the principle of "help for self- help," as suggested by Canada's Foreign Affairs Minister Andre Oucllcl.
    [Show full text]
  • From "Russian" to "Polish": Vilna-Wilno 1900-1925
    FROM “RUSSIAN” TO “POLISH”: Vilna-Wilno 1900-1925 Theodore R. Weeks Southern Illinois University at Carbondale The National Council for Eurasian and East European Research 910 17th Street, N.W. Suite 300 Washington, D.C. 20006 TITLE VIII PROGRAM Project Information* Principal Investigator: Theodore R. Weeks Council Contract Number: 819-06g Date: June 4, 2004 Copyright Information Scholars retain the copyright on works they submit to NCEEER. However, NCEEER possesses the right to duplicate and disseminate such products, in written and electronic form, as follows: (a) for its internal use; (b) to the U.S. Government for its internal use or for dissemination to officials of foreign governments; and (c) for dissemination in accordance with the Freedom of Information Act or other law or policy of the U.S. government that grants the public access to documents held by the U.S. government. Additionally, NCEEER has a royalty-free license to distribute and disseminate papers submitted under the terms of its agreements to the general public, in furtherance of academic research, scholarship, and the advancement of general knowledge, on a non-profit basis. All papers distributed or disseminated shall bear notice of copyright. Neither NCEEER, nor the U.S. Government, nor any recipient of a Contract product may use it for commercial sale. * The work leading to this report was supported in part by contract or grant funds provided by the National Council for Eurasian and East European Research, funds which were made available by the U.S. Department of State under Title VIII (The Soviet-East European Research and Training Act of 1983, as amended).
    [Show full text]
  • The Monetary Legacy of the Soviet Union / Patrick Conway
    ESSAYS IN INTERNATIONAL FINANCE ESSAYS IN INTERNATIONAL FINANCE are published by the International Finance Section of the Department of Economics of Princeton University. The Section sponsors this series of publications, but the opinions expressed are those of the authors. The Section welcomes the submission of manuscripts for publication in this and its other series. Please see the Notice to Contributors at the back of this Essay. The author of this Essay, Patrick Conway, is Professor of Economics at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He has written extensively on the subject of structural adjustment in developing and transitional economies, beginning with Economic Shocks and Structural Adjustment: Turkey after 1973 (1987) and continuing, most recently, with “An Atheoretic Evaluation of Success in Structural Adjustment” (1994a). Professor Conway has considerable experience with the economies of the former Soviet Union and has made research visits to each of the republics discussed in this Essay. PETER B. KENEN, Director International Finance Section INTERNATIONAL FINANCE SECTION EDITORIAL STAFF Peter B. Kenen, Director Margaret B. Riccardi, Editor Lillian Spais, Editorial Aide Lalitha H. Chandra, Subscriptions and Orders Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Conway, Patrick J. Currency proliferation: the monetary legacy of the Soviet Union / Patrick Conway. p. cm. — (Essays in international finance, ISSN 0071-142X ; no. 197) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-88165-104-4 (pbk.) : $8.00 1. Currency question—Former Soviet republics. 2. Monetary policy—Former Soviet republics. 3. Finance—Former Soviet republics. I. Title. II. Series. HG136.P7 no. 197 [HG1075] 332′.042 s—dc20 [332.4′947] 95-18713 CIP Copyright © 1995 by International Finance Section, Department of Economics, Princeton University.
    [Show full text]
  • Oleksandr DZYUBLYUK NBU's MONEY-AND-CREDIT
    JOURNAL 279 O F E U R O P E A N E C O N O M Y Vol. 6 (№ 3). September 2007 Publication of Ternopil National Economic Universit y Financial and Banking Services Market Oleksandr DZYUBLYUK NBU’S MONEY-AND-CREDIT MECHANISM OF REGULATORY INFLUENCE ON THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT DYNAMICS Abstract The paper examines the peculiarities of money-and-credit mechanism of the central bank’s regulatory influence upon the development of economic proc- esses. The author analyzes the inconsistencies between separate strategic goals of monetary regulation and determines the need for their prioritization in view of the challenges of economic reformation that evoke at different stages of market transformation. The author considers the strategy of money-and-credit regulation of the National Bank of Ukraine (NBU) that sets out the direction for the respective measures aimed at sustaining the stability of the national cur- rency and stimulating the economic growth. Key words: Monetary policy, monetization of economy, inflation, strategy of money- and-credit regulation, money supply, monetary base, reserve requirements, in- terest rate, refinancing, state budget deficit, national currency, money-market. JEL : E51. © Oleksandr Dzyublyuk, 2007. Dzyublyuk Oleksandr, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor, Head of Department of Banking Business, Ternopil National Economic University, Ukraine. 280 Oleksandr Dzyublyuk NBU’s Money-and-Credit Mechanism of Regulatory Influence on the Economic Development Dynamics Introduction Under the conditions of developed market relations, monetary policy is one of the most significant levers of the state’s influence upon economic proc- esses for the purpose of ensuring financial stability and stimulating industrial growth.
    [Show full text]