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Gastropoda, Heterobranchia) UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE PERNAMBUCO DEPARTAMENTO DE OCEANOGRAFIA SISTEMÁTICA E MORFOMETRIA MULTIVARIADA DE PYRAMIDELLIDAE (GASTROPODA, HETEROBRANCHIA) JOSÉ CARLOS NASCIMENTO DE BARROS RECIFE / 2003 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE PERNAMBUCO DEPARTAMENTO DE OCEANOGRAFIA SISTEMÁTICA E MORFOMETRIA MULTIVARIADA DE PYRAMIDELLIDAE (GASTROPODA, HETEROBRANCHIA) JOSÉ CARLOS NASCIMENTO DE BARROS TESE APRESENTADA AO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM OCEANOGRAFIA NÍVEL DOUTORADO, DO DEPARTAMENTO DE OCEANOGRAFIA – UFPE/CCG COMO REQUISITO PARA OBTENÇÃO DE MENÇÃO RECIFE / 2003 SISTEMÁTICA E MORFOMETRIA MULTIVARIADA DE PYRAMIDELLIDAE (GASTROPODA, HETEROBRANCHIA). JOSÉ CARLOS NASCIMENTO DE BARROS TESE SUBMETIDA À BANCA EXAMINADORA: _____________________________ Drª Rosa de Lima Silva Mello – UFRPE (Orientador) _____________________________ Drª Deusinete de Oliveira Tenório – UFPE _____________________________ Drª Marilena Ramos Porto – UFRPE _____________________________ Drª Maria Elisabeth de Araújo – UFPE _____________________________ DR. Manoel Raimundo de Sena Junior - UFPE _____________________________ Drª Sigrid Neumann Leitão - UFPE (Suplente) _____________________________ Dr. Marcos Solto Alves - UFRPE (Suplente) DATA DA DEFESA: 28 de novembro de 2003 RECIFE/2003 Dedicatória A MEUS PAIS, VIENA E LETÍCIA A MEU FILHO, WILLIAM BARROS E A MINHA ESPOSA RISONEIDE PELA CONTINUIDADE... AGRADECIMENTOS Expresso minha gratidão à ajuda prestada por diversas pessoas, algumas de lugares distantes, que colaboraram com este trabalho, para que ele assumisse sua presente forma. Sou profundamente grato às seguintes pessoas pela assistência, orientação e sugestões de grande importância: À profa. Dra. Rosa de Lima Silva Mello, do Departamento de Pesca, Museu de Malacologia da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), pelo acompanhamento no decorrer desta pesquisa e pela análise crítica do texto. Ao Prof. Flávio Aguiar, do setor de Microscopia Eletrônica do Departamento de Física da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), pela inestimável e generosa contribuição no estudo do material através do uso da microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Ao técnico André Bazante, do setor de Microscopia Eletrônica do Departamento de Física da UFPE, pela amizade e inestimável ajuda na realização das Elétron-Micrografias. Ao técnico malacologista Philippe Maestrati do “Muséum National D´Histoire Naturelle, Laboratório de Biologie Des Invertébres Marins et Malacologie”, pelo envio de bibliografia e pelas discussões sobre o posicionamento sistemático dos Pyramidellidae. Ao Prof. Luís Ricardo Lopes de Simone, do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro / Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro – UFRJ, pela grande ajuda na obtenção das análises Filogenéticas. Aos alunos Sidney Vieira e Ticiano Vanderley, do Departamento de Pesca da Universidade federal Rural de Pernambuco, pela grande ajuda na elaboração das pranchas e na organização dos dendrogramas finais. SUMÁRIO AGRADECIMENTOS LISTA DE FIGURAS LISTA DE TABELAS RESUMO 1. INTRODUÇÃO............................................. 01 1.1 – Justificativa do Estudo............................. 03 1.2 – Objetivos........................................... 04 1.2.1 - Objetivos específicos............................. 04 1.3 - Base conceitual..................................... 05 1.4 – Hipótese do Trabalho................................ 05 1.5 – Revisão Bibliográfica............................... 06 2. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS..................................... 18 2.1 – Obtenção das Amostras de sedimentos................. 18 2.2 – Retirada dos Micromoluscos.......................... 23 2.3 – Estudo Conquiológico................................ 24 2.3.1 – Estudo Descritivo e Merístico..................... 24 2.3.2 – Obtenção das Variáveis Morfométricas.............. 28 2.3.3 – Escolha dos caracteres morfológicos e construção da Matriz numérica........................................... 37 2.3.4 – Morfometria descritiva e Multivariada............. 41 3. RESULTADOS............................................. 44 3.1 – Classificação da Família Pyramidellidae............. 44 3.1.1 – Sinopse dos taxa estudados........................ 45 3.2 – Descrição das Espécies Estudadas.................... 51 3.2.1 - Pyramidella dolabrata (Linnaeus, 1758)............ 51 3.2.2 - Longchaeus crenulatus Morch, 1875................. 54 3.2.3 – Longchaeus adamsi Carpenter, 1864................. 56 3.2.4 – Longchaeus mazatlanicus Dall e Bartsch, 1909...... 60 3.2.5 – Pharcidella panamensis Dall e Bartsch, 1909....... 63 3.2.6 – Pharcidella achates Dall e Bartsch, 1909.......... 66 3.2.7 – Orinella pinguicula A. Adams, 1860................ 68 3.2.8 – Tiberia nitidula A. Adams, 1860................... 71 3.2.9 – Odostomia canaliculata C. B. Adams, 1850...........73 3.2.10 – Odostomia didyma Verril e Bush, 1900..............76 3.2.11 – Odostomia ovuloides C. B. Adams, 1850.............79 3.2.12 – Odostomia laevigata (Orbigny, 1842)...............82 3.2.13 – Odostomia unidentata (Fleming, 1813)..............85 3.2.14 – Odostomia muelleri Clessin, 1900..................88 3.2.15 – Odostomia semisculpta King, 1832..................91 3.2.16 – Odostomia solidula Altena, 1975...................94 3.2.17 – Boonea bissuturalis (Say, 1822)...................97 3.2.18 – Boonea impressa (Say, 1822)......................100 3.2.19 – Boonea seminuda (C. B. Adams, 1837)..............103 3.2.20 – Boonea gibbosa Bush, 1909........................106 3.2.21 – Boonea conoidea (Brocchi, 1814)..................109 3.2.22 – Menestho albula Altena, 1975.....................112 3.2.23 – Menestho somersi Verril e Bush, 1900.............115 3.2.24 – Menestho beermanae Jong e Coomans, 1988..........118 3.2.25 – Egila virginiae Altena, 1975.....................121 3.2.26 – Egila poppei Dall e Bartsch, 1909................124 3.2.27 – Ividella orariana C. B. Adams, 1852..............127 3.2.28 – Ividella navisa Dall e Bartsch, 1909.............130 3.2.29 – Evalea valdezi Dall e Bartsch, 1909..............133 3.2.30 – Evalea stocki Jong e Coomans, 1988...............136 3.2.31 – Evalea io Dall e Bartsch, 1907...................139 3.2.32 – Iolaea delicatula Carpenter, 1864................142 3.2.33 – Triptychus niveus Morch, 1875....................145 3.2.34 – Salassia scalariformis Carpenter, 1856...........146 3.2.35 – Ivara terryi Olsson e McGinty, 1958..............149 3.2.36 – Ivara turricula Dall e Bartsch, 1903.............152 3.2.37 – Salassiella laxa Dall e Bartsch, 1909............155 3.2.38 – Salassiella richi Dall e Bartsch, 1909...........158 3.2.39 – Eulimastoma engonium Altena, 1975................161 3.2.40 – Eulimastoma surinamensis Altena, 1975............163 3.2.41 – Fargoa bushiana Bartsch, 1909....................166 3.2.42 – Chrysallida nioba (Dall e Bartsch, 1911).........170 3.2.43 - Chrysallida gemmulosa C. B. Adams, 1850..........173 3.2.44 – Chrysallida jadisi Olsson e McGinty, 1958........176 3.2.45 – Chrysallida reigeni Carpenter, 1856..............180 3.2.46 – Chrysallida buijsei Jong e Coomans, 1988.........183 3.2.47 – Cingulina babylonia (C. B. Adams, 1845)..........186 3.2.48 – Miralda havanensis (Pilsbry e Aguayo, 1933)......189 3.2.49 – Miralda robertsoni Altena, 1975..................192 3.2.50 – Miralda abbotti (Olsson e McGinty, 1958).........195 3.2.51 – Peristichia agria Dall, 1889.....................198 3.3 – Análise Descritiva da Matriz Morfométrica...........201 3.4 – Análise Discriminante por Subfamília................205 3.5 – Análise Fatorial....................................206 3.5.1 – Resultado da Análise Fatorial na Família Total....206 3.5.2 – Análise Fatorial por Subfamília...................209 3.6 – Elaboração de Hipóteses Filogenéticas através da Análise de Cluster................................................212 4. DISCUSSÃO..............................................222 5. CONCLUSÕES.............................................239 6. ABSTRACT...............................................243 7. REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS.............................245 LISTA DE FIGURAS Figura 1 – Morfologia geral da concha gastrópoda usada neste trabalho: A, (1) espiral; (2), último giro da volta do corpo; (3), volta do corpo; (4) núcleo da protoconcha; (5), protoconcha, ápice ou concha nepiônica; (6) variz da protoconcha; (7), primeiro anfracto da teleoconcha; (8), sutura; (9), anfractos espirais; (10), início da última (volta do corpo); (11), canal ou sinus posterior; (12), região parietal; (13), lábio externo; (14), abertura; (15), lábio interno; (16), depressão umbilical ou umbílico; (17), base fendida; (18), região supra-sutural do anfracto; (19) região sub-sutural do anfracto; (20), linha de crescimento ortóclina; (21), linha de crescimento opistóclina; (22), linha de crescimento prosóclina; (23), região posterior da concha; (24) região anterior da concha; (25) prega subparietal; (26) dente columelar; B, diâmetro do ápice (o número de voltas é contado ao longo da extensão da linha “X”; 0,25=1/4 da circunferência da volta); (1), núcleo da protoconcha; (2), primeira volta pós- nuclear................................................27 Figura 2 – Variáveis morfométricas tomadas das espécies de Pyramidellidae: A, comprimento total (CT); extensão do eixo posterior (EP); extensão do eixo anterior (EA); extensão do eixo ápex (Eax); comprimento da abertura (Ca); B, diâmetro da abertura (Da); diâmetro máximo (DM); diâmetro da primeira volta da teleoconcha (DP); diâmetro da base (DB)...........33 Figura 3 – Variáveis morfométricas tomadas das espécies
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