Biodiversidad Marina De Costa Rica: Gastrópodos (Mollusca: Gastropoda) De La Costa Caribe

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Biodiversidad Marina De Costa Rica: Gastrópodos (Mollusca: Gastropoda) De La Costa Caribe Rev. Biol. Trop. 51 (Suppl. 3): 305-399, 2003 www.ucr.ac.cr www.ots.ac.cr www.ots.duke.edu Biodiversidad marina de Costa Rica: Gastrópodos (Mollusca: Gastropoda) de la costa Caribe Leonora Rodríguez Sevilla1, Rita Vargas1 y Jorge Cortés1, 2 1 Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060 San Pedro, San José, Costa Rica. 2 Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología (CIMAR), Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, San José, Costa Rica. Abstract: Three hundred and eighty-four gastropod species from the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica are report- ed. Eight species are new records for Costa Rica: Cyclostrema tortuganum, Rissoina c.f. fenestrata, Vanikoro oxychone, Epitonium c.f. denticulatum, Latirus infundibulum, Hastula salleana, Daphnella lymneiformis and Tenaturris c.f. inepta. Thirteen species are found on the Caribbean and Pacific coasts of Costa Rica: Tegula fas- ciata, Cymatium nicobaricum, Anachis lyrata, Costoanachis varia, Mitrella ocellata, Agaronia testacea, Hastula cinerea, Architectonica nobilis, Dolabrifera dolabrifera, Stylocheilus striatus, Cavolinia longirostris, Phidiana lascrucensis and Spurilla neapolitana. In comparison with a recent report of the Caribbean and west- ern Atlantic gastropods of Colombia, the Costarican fauna hardly presents 35.8% of those species. Similarly, in comparison with a work from Panama, the quantity of species shared between Costa Rica and its nearby coun- try is 48.2%. The number of species reported here is probably an underestimation because few micromolluscs have been studied and no samples have been collected in deep waters nor in the north part of the coast. Key words: Gastropoda, Mollusca, biodiversity, Caribbean, Costa Rica. Los moluscos constituyen el segundo gru- las condiciones hidrográficas, topográficas y po de invertebrados con mayor número de es- climáticas (Díaz Merlano y Puyana Hegedus pecies, y de ellos, tres cuartas partes son gas- 1994). La costa Caribe de Costa Rica es prin- trópodos (Morton 1960, Ruppert y Barnes cipalmente rectilínea con una longitud de 212 1994). En la actualidad, los gastrópodos son km, presenta generalmente oleaje fuerte, dos considerados un recurso pesquero de segunda parches de manglares y predominan los arreci- importancia después de peces a lo largo de la fes coralinos en la sección sur (Cortés y Guz- costa norte de Suramérica; las especies de ta- mán 1985, Vargas y Cortés 1997). maño moderado a grande son comercializadas En el pasado se realizaron varios estudios y consumidas y las conchas más atractivas son sobre moluscos del Caribe de Costa Rica: Ols- vendidas como ornamentos (Cervigón et al. son (1922) estudió la fauna de moluscos fósi- 1993). les del Mioceno; Bakus (1968a) hizo un estu- El Atlántico occidental tropical y el mar dio comparativo de la zonación litoral de gas- Caribe se cuentran entre las regiones marinas trópodos recolectando en 1962 en tres locali- de mayor biodiversidad en el planeta debido a dades del Caribe (Portete, puerto Limón e isla una alta heterogeneidad espacial y temporal en Uvita) y cuatro del Pacífico (punta Caldera, 306 MALACOLOGÍA LATINOAMERICANA Mata de Limón, puerto Quepos y cerca de pun- Para cada especie se indican los especí- ta Catedral); Houbrick (1968) estudió la com- menes de la colecciónes del Museo de Zoolo- posición y el ámbito de los moluscos marinos gía con su localidad, fecha de recolecta y nú- durante 1965 y 1966 en dos localidades (Porte- mero de catálogo. Además se mencionan los te y Barra del Colorado) en aguas someras y en informes previos para Costa Rica, el hábitat, la el litoral; Wellington (1974) estudió la fauna distribución mundial y comentarios en algunos de Cahuita en 1972; Robinson y Montoya casos, basándose en la literatura disponible. (1987) recolectaron material a partir de 1982 Para las especies que se presentan en ambas en la zona intermareal y hasta 5 m de profun- costas del país, se hace una separación según didad en diez sitios repartidos a lo largo de to- Caribe y Pacífico entre las localidades en los da la costa (Barra del Colorado, río Matina, espacios de material e informes previos. Se Moín, Portete, puerto Limón, boca del río Ba- utilizan las abreviaturas CR, Costa Rica; UCR, nano, río Estrella, parque nacional Cahuita, Museo de Zoología de la Universidad de Cos- Puerto Viejo y Manzanillo) y, finalmente, Es- ta Rica y s.f., sin fecha. En la sección de resul- pinosa y Ortea (2001) recolectaron especíme- tados se presenta una lista de las especies nes desde 1999 hasta el 2001 entre Cahuita y (Cuadro 1) con su número respectivo. Gandoca. Nota: El artículo de Espinosa y Ortea Este trabajo es una recopilación de las es- (2001) nos llegó cuando el manuscrito ya esta- pecies de gastrópodos informadas en la litera- ba listo, por lo que las especies que no habían tura para Costa Rica y las depositadas en la co- sido contempladas fueron enlistadas en el lección del Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Apéndice 1. Caso similar se presenta con las Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica. especies adicionales del Apéndice 2 prove- nientes de la base de datos de internet Malaco- log (Anónimo 2002). MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS La lista presentada en este trabajo está compuesta por las especies de la provincia de Filo MOLLUSCA Cuvier, 1797 Limón presentes en la colección de Mollusca, Clase GASTROPODA Cuvier, 1797 Gastropoda del Museo de Zoología de la Es- Subclase EOGASTROPODA cuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica y Ponder y Lindberg, 1995 por las que fueron informadas previamente por Orden PATELLOGASTROPODA varios autores, principalmente: Bakus (1968a), Lindberg, 1986 Suborden NACELLINA Thiele, 1891 Houbrick (1968), Robinson y Montoya (1987) Superfamilia ACMAEOIDEA Forbes, 1850 y Espinosa y Ortea (2001). Todos los especí- Familia LOTTIIDAE J.E. Gray, 1840 menes de la colección del Museo de Zoología fueron revisados por los autores y especialis- 1. Lottia jamaicensis tas. La sistemática y la taxonomía están basa- (Gmelin, 1791) das en Abbott (1974), Skoglund (1992), Bees- Material: ninguno. Informes previos para CR: parque nacional Cahui- ley et al. (1998) y Anónimo (2001). ta (Robinson y Montoya 1987). El material del Museo de Zoología fue re- Hábitat: manglares, arena, ciénagas y arrecifes mar colectado manualmente en la zona de entrema- afuera (Vokes y Vokes 1983). rea y en zonas de mayor profundidad mediante Distribución: Colón e isla Colón, islas de Bocas del buceo y con distintos tipos de redes y dragados Toro, Panamá (Olsson y McGinty 1958). Sureste de Flori- como producto de diversos trabajos de investi- da; Antillas; Puerto Rico (Warmke y Abbott 1975). De pun- ta Ninum a Campeche, de El Cuyo a punta Ninum, de isla gación conducidos desde 1960 hasta el presen- Mujeres a isla Holbox, de Cancún a la frontera con Belice, te. Los especímenes están catalogados bajo las cayos Arcas, arrecife Alacrán y cayos Norte y Lobos del siglas UCR y el número correspondiente. banco Chinchorro, México (Vokes y Vokes 1983). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TROPICAL BIOLOGY AND CONSERVATION 307 2. Lottia leucopleura Distribución: Colón, Panamá (Olsson y McGinty (Gmelin, 1791) 1958). De la mitad sur de Florida a las Antillas (Houbrick Material: playa Bonita, 13.V.1983 (UCR 1640). 1968). Puerto Rico (Warmke y Abbott 1975). De Campe- Informes previos para CR: parque nacional Cahui- che a ciudad del Carmen y Zacatal, México (Vokes y Vo- ta (Wellington 1974). Puerto Limón, río Banano y parque kes 1983). Curaçao (de Jong y Coomans 1988). De los ca- nacional Cahuita (Robinson y Montoya 1987). Entre Ca- yos de Florida a la costa norte de Suramérica (Díaz Merla- huita y Gandoca (Espinosa y Ortea 2001). no y Puyana Hegedus 1994). Hábitat: sobre rocas o bajo conchas de la familia Buccinidae en la zona submareal (Abbott y Dance 1982). Costas rocosas en la zona intermareal (Wiley et al. 1982). Subclase ORTHOGASTROPODA Arrecifes mar afuera (Vokes y Vokes 1983). Sobre rocas Ponder y Lindberg, 1995 intermareales, usualmente adherida a la base de las con- Superorden VETIGASTROPODA chas de Cittarium pica (Díaz Merlano y Puyana Hegedus Salvini-Plawen, 1980 1994). Superfamilia FISSURELLOIDEA Fleming, 1822 Distribución: cayos de Florida; Antillas (Abbott Familia FISSURELLIDAE Fleming, 1822 1974). Puerto Rico (Warmke y Abbott 1975). De punta del Morro a punta Delgada, Veracruz, México (Wiley et al. 5. Diodora arcuata 1982). De Campeche a ciudad del Carmen y Zacatal, de is- (Sowerby, 1862) la Mujeres a isla Holbox, de Cancún a la frontera con Be- Material: ninguno. lice, cayos Arcas, arrecife Alacrán y cayos Norte y Lobos Informes previos para CR: Portete (Houbrick del banco Chinchorro, México (Vokes y Vokes 1983). An- 1968). Portete, parque nacional Cahuita y Puerto Viejo tigua (de Jong y Coomans 1988). Cayos de Florida; las An- (Robinson y Montoya 1987). Entre Cahuita y Gandoca tillas (Robinson 1991). Del sur de Florida a Brasil (Díaz (Espinosa y Ortea 2001). Merlano y Puyana Hegedus 1994). Hábitat: sobre fondos de arena y Thalassia y bajo rocas y Porites muertos (Houbrick 1968). Aguas someras 3. Patelloida pustulata (Warmke y Abbott 1975). Sobre rocas intermareales (Ríos (Helbling, 1779) 1985). Mar afuera en arrecifes asociada a colonias del co- Material: ninguno. ral Oculina varicosa, arena, algas rojas y escombros de co- Informes previos para CR: boca del río Banano, ral a 42 y 80 m de profundidad (Reed y Mikkelsen 1987). parque nacional Cahuita y Puerto Viejo (Robinson y Mon- Distribución: Colón e isla Colón, islas de Bocas del toya 1987). Entre Cahuita y Gandoca (Espinosa y Ortea Toro, Panamá (Olsson y McGinty 1958). Florida; islas Baha- 2001). mas; mar Caribe (Houbrick 1968). De Palm Beach, Florida a Hábitat: áreas rocosas y arrecifes mar afuera (Vokes las Antillas Menores (Abbott 1974). Puerto Rico (Warmke y y Vokes 1983). Sobre rocas intermareales (Díaz Merlano y Abbott 1975). Florida; islas Bahamas; Antillas Mayores; Tri- Puyana Hegedus 1994).
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